TRANSCRIPT OF PROCEEDINGS (HVFKISKVtK ON VENEREAL DISEASE CONTROL 18 SEPTEMBER 1944 HEADQUARTERS, SECOND SERVICE COMMAND GOVERNORS ISLAND, N. Y. 4, N. Y ■VENNHEAL DISEASE CONTHOL CONFERENCE 18 SEPTEMBER 1944 Headquarters .Second Service Command Governors Island New York 4, N. Y. Individuals Attending Venereal Disease Conference 18 September 1944 Major Gene ml T • A, Terry Commanding Second Service Command Governors Island, New York Colonel Paul S, Jones Judge Advocate Second Service Command Governors Island, New York Colonel S, H. Marsh, MC Office of the Surgeon Second Service Command Governors Island, New York Lt. Col. A, p. hitchins, MC Eea1th Commi s s iono r ' iilmington, Delaware Lt. Col. Leigh M. Nesbit Asst, to Deputy Chief of Staff Second Service Command Governors Island, New York Louis N. Altshuler, MC Office of tho Surgeon Second Service Command Governors Island, New York Major Louis E, Baron, MC Mason Gene ml Hospital B ro ntwoo d, Now Yo rk Major Lillian S, Smith, MC Pastern Defense Command Governors Island, New York i,-Iajor Xs mo 1 Mo in s t e in, MC F o rt, I ionraout h, New J e rs ey Major Edward W. Lukauckas, MC Fo rt Dix, Now ‘ J p rs ey Cp.pta in Thomas M, Alsobrook, MC Millville Army Air Field Millville, Now Jersey^ Captain Henry TM Albrecht, MC Pastern Branch, I. 3. D. B, G re e nha ven, Ne v Yo rk / Captain Loon J. Anson, MC Newark Army Air Base Newark, New Jersey Captain Harry Arons, MC England General Hospital Atlantic City, New Jersey Captain Michael C, Barone, MC Fort Monmouth, Now Jersey Captain Frederick M, Bonschinc, j New Castle Army Air Base ' JiImington. Dolawa ro Captain F. L. Bonafed, MC Camp Kilmer, New Jersey Captain Ro swell G, Burroughs, MC Fold: DuPont, Delaware Captain Robert A, Bruce, MC Fort Dix Array mir Base Fort Dix, Now Jersey Captain John M, Buchanan, MC Halieran General Hospital Staton Island, Now York Captain Edward M. Cchart, MC First Service Command Boston, Mass, Captain Joseph A. Davoy, MC 240th Military Police Battalion Hyde Park, Nov/ York Captain Glenn S, Edgerton, MC Most Point, New York Captain E. F. Engel, MC Fort Jay, New York Captain Heinz Fink, MC Pino Camp, How York Captain Benjamin S, Gordon, TC Chop Upton, How York Captain UniI H. Gricco, MC Fort Totton, How York Captain Howard K. Hawko, MC District Ho. 1 •39 ' :hit o ha 11 Street How York, How York Captain G, E. Hayunga, j 1C Fort Slocum, Now York Captain Saul Hochhqiser, MC Fort Hancock, Now Jersey Captain J, E. Kolko, MC Picatinny -arsenal Do vc r, Hevr J o rs cy Captain Clifford D. Howes, MC Bronx Area. Station Hospital B ronx, IT gw Y o rk > Captain IT. Ingoglia, MC Port Terminals, How York Captain A, A, Jenkins, MC Goneral Dispensary 39 'Thitohf.il Street * Now York, IT. Y. Captain »S. Kessler, MC Fort Hamilton, Nova York Captain Mark M, Kroll,-MC Rhoads General Hospital Utica, How York Captain I. L. Honockc, MC 1 HAD - aTC LaGuardia Field, New. York Captain George M, Loiby, MC Third Service Command Baltimore, Maryland Captain Millard A, Lc mis, Jr., MC Fort Madsworth, How York Captain Millr m'S. Lowery, MC Fort Niagara, Her York Captain Daniel Mahoney, MC Raritan Arsenal Hctuchon, Hew J0 rl ey Ci t pt a: n J am o s 11 .nr , MC Seneca Ordnance Depot Romulus, How York Captain Roy M, Nelson, MC Tilton Gonfral Hospital Fort Dim, Now Jersey Captain Charles Nickerson, Jr., MC 512 aAF BU, -Mr Transport Command 39-01 Main Street Flushing, Long Island, New York Captain Reuben .Rapaport, MC Fort Bidden, Now York Captain Salve tore J. Ribaudo, UC Schenectady aSF Depot Schenectady, How York, Captain Charles T.’ Rodomoyor, Chaplain Chaplain Branch Second Service•Command, Governors Island, New York Captain Francis a. Ryan, MC Do Para ro Ordnance. Dipot Podricktown, Hen.- Jersey Captain Aubrey L. Shelton, MC . it ova. rt Fi< Id", Mo- York Captain II. Simon, MC Staton Island T.-minal, How York Captain Jacob J. Sopasnick, MC Camp Kilmer,“Now' Jersey Captain Edward S. Stanley, ilC Dover Amy air lie Id Do vo r, Do 1; wa r o U. S. P. H. 3. Dr, E. FT, 'Coffey, Moaical Director USPHS, District No, 1 Federal Security Agency U, S. Sub-Treasury Building Now York Qity Dr, Erwin C, Dreschor, Surgeon USPHS, District No. 1 U. S. Sub-Treasury Building Now York City 3 r. 3u rgo on F, b. [rat z USPHS Liaison Officer Third Service Command BaItinoro, Ha ryland Dr. J, F. Mahoney, Medical Director USPHS, Federal Security Agency /baton Island, New York Dr, baiter G,NoIson, Modi cal D: ■'•etc USHIS, U, S. Marino Hospital 67 Hudson Stroot Now York City Dr, P, S. Polouzo USPHS, Specia1 ConsuItant 1216 Droxol Avonuo Dree:cl Hill, Pennsy 1 vania Sr. Surgeon Albert E. Pusso11 USPHS Liaison Officer Office of the Surgeon Second Service Command Governors Island, Now York Surgeon Ruth Boring Thomas, USPHS B>. Ho vug Rapid Treatment Contor Now York City Surgeon G. S’, van Slyko Venereal Disease Laboratory U. S. Marine Hospital, S.I., N.Y. Surgeon John b. Hi Ilians,, USPHS Do vo r, Dolawaro Surgeon S, C, Arnold Venereal Disease Research Laboratory U. S, Marino Hospital Stapleton, S. I., N. Y. Captain Ralph W, bat son, 1.-IC Staton Island Area Station Hospital Staton Island, Now York Captain.Forrest R, Yohe, MC Ilitchol Field, Now York 1st Lt. billiam J, Carrington, IIC Dover Army Air Field. • Dover, New Jersey 1st Lt. billiam L. Dunlap Morale Hr vie os Division Infomation k Education Division Second Sorvico Connand Govemors Is land, Now York 1st Lt, Paul H. Kiel, Sn^C District No. 5 Chestnut k Hamilton Avos, Trenton, Now Jersey NAVAL PERSONNEL Rear AdniraTlT. TT. Heed, MC, USN District Medical Officer Third Naval District 90 Church’Stroot Now York, N. Yo Lt. Gndr, J. J. Burke, MC, USN Third Naval District 90 Church Street Now York City Lt, Cmdr, I. F. bildoy, S-V(G)USNR District Sr. Shore Patrol Officer Third Naval District New York City Lt, Ernest E. Koo, UC-V(S) USNH Third Naval District New York City Captain C. b. toss, MC> USN District Medical Officer Fourth Naval District Philadelphia, Pennsylvania • Cmdr,.F. P. Massaniso, MC-V(S)USNR Vonoroal Disease Control Officer Fourth Nav.il District PhiladeIphia, Pcmisy1 v.nia E..George Aaron, Director Department of Public Affairs Camden, Now Jersey Ernest A, Ashdown' Police Commissioner Village, of Hempstead, New York Stanely Baar, Exec. Vice Pres. Allied Liquor Industries 10 East 40th Street New York City Cohort Belcher, Clinic Dept. Bureau of Social Hygiene Jersey City, Now Jersey C, B. Bishop Board of Health hi Imingt on, De lavra ro Janes J. Balfe State restaurant Liquor Dealers Association 37-53 90th Street Jackson Heights, New York . Dr, Samuel Blaugrund • Plea 1th Department. Trenton, Hew Jersey Dr. I. Jay Brightnan, Director Syphilis Control Service Buffalo, New-York Dr, Earle G. Brown Nassau Co. Dept, of Health Mineola, Now York George P. Butterly, Jr., D e put y C or uni s s i one r Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control 1775 Broadway j New York 19-, N. Y. Blake Cabot, Director Division of Public Information Service American Social Hygiene Association 1790 Broadway New York 19," N. Y. L. B. -Cartwright'' City Manager Ito ch ester. New Yc rk Dr. Edwin Cameron, Exec. Secy. State Board of Health Dover, Delaware L. Van D. Chandler, Chairman Social Protection Section Now Jersey State Civilian Defense Hackensack, Hew Jersey- Dr. Charles V. Craster Department of Public -tiffairs Newa rk, New J e rs oy i. K. Christonborry, President B roadway As sooiati on Broadway a:57th Street Now York City Mayor Stanley .Church New kocholle. Now York Dr. halter Clarke, Bxoc. Director American Social Hygiene association 1790 Broadway Now York 19, Now York Dr. ’Allium H, Conger City Health Officer Poughkeepsie, New York Thomas- E; Connolly • ' Social Protection top re sent at ivo Federal Security .agency 11 host 42nd Street New York 18, New' York E. S. Conroy, Special Agent in Charge Federal Bureau of Investigation | U. S. Department of Justico 234 U. S. -Court House Now York 7, New York Dr. E, I. Cronk Health Officer Now Brunswick, Now Jersey Dr. Edmund J, Daly, Director Bureau of Social Hygiene Jersey City, New Jersey Dr. Nova 1, Deardorff "dolfaro Council of New York City 44 East 23rd Street Now York City Thomas Donovan Allied Liquor Industries 10 East 40th Street Now York City E. Burton Doust Commissioner of Health Syracuse, Novi York Commissioner Alfred E. Driscoll Alcoholic Beverage Control Board 1080 Broad Street Newark 2, Hew Jersey Marie Duffin, Sr. Specialist Social Protection Division 11 Host 42nd Street New; York 18, II. Y. C, Pat Engelbroth Brewing Indust ry Foundation 21 E. 40th Street Now York City John L. Feeley Chief of Police Hempstoad, Ngit York Dr. -times L. Fillipone Newark, law Jersey Irving a. Furst Social Protection Division 11 Host 42nd Street Now York 18, II. Y., Do Anthony Gordon Brewing Industry Foundation 21 E. 40th Street New York City Dr. E. E. Gilbert Niagara Falls, Now York S inon T i. Go ri il ey Deputy Health. Commissioner ii.lbo.ny, Nm "■ rk Dr. George Giono 216 Brattle Goad Syracuse, Hew York Goorgo Gould, Asst. Director Division of Legal A Protective Activiii American Social Hygiene association 1790 Broadway New York City Dr. 3. J, Gioffro, Acting Director Syphilis Centro1 Hostchostor County Hhito Plains, Now York John Hall, Field toprosentative American Social Hygiene Association 1790 3roadway Nov York City 4 Ji • -L. . n a v . i, x n s Federal Bureau of Investigation 234 U, S. Court house, Now York City Charles Hahn Sr. a Social Protection Division Federal Security Agency .Washington,, D. C, Dr. a. Holla, Health Commissioner County Office Building Hhite PI., ins, Now York GiIbort Hunsinger. Gocrotary The heIfare Council 24 Branford Place Now; ■.rk. New Jo rs oy Dr. No man Ingraham, Jr. • Department of Public Health City Hall nunox Philadelphia 7, Pennsylvania Justice -Stephen o. Jackson Domestic relations Court 137 East 22nd street New Yrrk City Pot or Kasius, lOgional Director Federal Security Agency 11 test 42nd Street New York 13, Now York Ann Cooney Nolly, Supervisor Bureau of -social Hygiene Jersey City, Now Jersey Meredith Ivorstottor iisst. Director of Public Safety At It .nt i c City, IIgw Jersey Captain John J. king Now York >t? to Polico Babylon, Hew York haltor Hirchoff Chief of Police Now .ochelle, how fork Dr. Janes H, Lade, Director Division of Syphilis Control N, Y. State Dopartnont of Health Albany, Nov/ York Leo P, LaValloo. Investigator Albany, Now York Dr. J. Lynn Hlahaffey N. Jo State Department of Health Trenton 7, Now Jersey Dr.-Frank a. HcGuigan, Y.D.Division 212 D. '■ .'a r ron St re ot Trenton, IIow Jersey iudy liarwedo, President K. ' St,to hestaurant Liquor Dealers association, Inc. 37-53 90th Street Jackson Heights, licit' York F rank : IcAnd rows 2X9 Pastern avg. How Brunswick, How Jersey Joseph a. Hoc re Hempstead Police Department Hempstead, Now York . ' Go ergo 3. -olbach, Exoq,- State Committee on Tbc h Public Heal otate Charities Aid Association 105 East 22nd Street New York 10, New York Hobc rt ' •. Osbo m, as st. Hxoc• Socy. State Committee on Tbc & Public Heal State Charities Aid association 105 East 22nd -tract Now York 10, New York Harcourt Parrish Allied Liquor Industries, Inc. 10 East 40th Street New York ■ Dr. Joseph 1-1, Daycroft Dept, of Institutions • & Agencies T r ent on, Ngw J ors oy Dr. • Theodore Aosonthal, Directo Bureau of Social Hygiene Department of Health 125 forth Street New Y0rk City Dr. Samuel Salasin Atlantic. City,. Hew 3 0 rsey Charles li, Schooffol, Col. & Supt, New Jersey State Police Trenton 7, New Jersey Dr. Hugh Shew 1 City Health Officer Utica, New York Dr. ivaron Sobol, Director Venereal Disease Clinic Poughkeepsie, New York Dr. Ernest L, Stcbbins Commissioner of Health City of Now York, New York Captain John H. Sutter Polico Department City of New York 240 Centre Street _ J New York City - J Dr. Charles a, Steuror, Director Division of Communicable Diseases Department of Health Nassau County Court house Hinoola, Nor: York acting Capb. Daniel P. Sweeney Police D g pa rtn oit 240. Centro. Street New York City John Sullivan • ill lied Liquor Industries, Inc, 10 Last 40th Street New York City Philip .. Sheridan New York City Police Department 300 Mulberry Street New York City Hr. Edward V. Taylor Social Protection topresentativo 11 'Jest 42nd Street New York 18, New York Dr. Glenn Usher, Chief Bureau Venereal Disease Control New Jersey State Dept, of Health Trenton, New Jersey Lewis J. Valentine, Fo.lice Commissioner New York City Police Department 240 Centre Street New York 15, New York A. ’ , Mailander Chief of Staff Mayor’s Office City Hall New York City F rank • J. iot t s t e in Corporation Counsel Hempstead, New York Albert Millians, -i-.esst. Chief Inspector New York City police Department 2 40 C ent re St root New York City Dr. John J. hi 1 limns State Board of Health D o Ye r, Do laws.. re Dr. jsudolph .eudeman, Jr. Bureau of Social Hygiene Albany, New York P R 0 G R A M TIKE 094$ - 0950 Address of Welcome Major General T. A* Terry, Commanding General, 2nd Service Command 0950 - 0955 Introductory Remarks by the Service Command Surgeon, with an analysis of our problems with the return of overseas troops Colonel C, M, Raison, MAC, 0955 - 1000 Remarks by the Thirl Naval District Surgeon Re a r Admiral E, V, Re ed, U,S,N. \ M, G,) 1000 - 1005 Venereal Disease Control as a Command Function . . . Brigadier General Ralph K. Robertson - Commandin' General First Military District 1005 - 1015 "The Position of the Liaison Officer in the Service Command's Program for Control of the Venereal Disease Among Military Personnel, and How Contact is Maintained with the Civilian Agencies" Lt, Col, Albert E, Russell, U.S.P.H.S. 1015 - 1020 Remarks by the Fourth Naval District Sur ;eon Capt, C. W, Ross U.S.N. (k,G,), 4th Naval District, Philadelphia, Pa. 1020 - 10.30 "How the State Health Department Accomplishes Its Follow-up of Contacts Submitted on V.D MD Forms 140, with a Criticism of Present Information Contained in These Reports" Dr, James H, Lade - Director, Division of Syphilis Control, New York State Dept, of Heali 1030 - 1040 "A Discussion of Common Errors in the Examination of Female Contacts for-Gonorrhea, with Suggestions for■Technique of Examination" Dr. Glenn S, Usher - Chief, Bureau Venereal Disease, New Jersey State Dept, of Health 1(110 - 1050 "Why the Community is Interested in the Control of Venereal Disease, ani What the Community May Expect in the Post-War Period" Dr, I, Jay Brightman - Director, Syphilis Service, , City of Buffalo, New York 1050 - 1105 "The Community’ s Stake in Venereal Disease Prevention” Thomas E, Connolly - Social Protection Division, Federal Security A-oney 1105 - 1120 "The Negro Community’s Share in Venereal Disease Prevention" Edward Taylor - Social Protection Re; rosentative. Federal Security Agency 1120 - 1130 RECESS 1130 - 1145 "The Educational Activities of the American Social Hygiene Association, Especially with Regar ■ to the Armed Forces” Blake Cabot - Director,“Division of Public Information 1145 - 1200 "Law Enforcement and Community Organization Activities of the American Social Hygiene Assn, Affecting the Armed Forces” George Gould - Asst, Director, Division of Legal and Protective Activities of the A.S.H.A, 1200 - 1215 "Common Problems in the Apprehension of Civilian Contacts as Reported on Forms 140” Hon, Lewis J. Valentinve - Police Commissioner City of New York 1215 ~ 1225 ”The Pay Act, When and How it Should be Used” E,'E. Conroy - Special in Charge Federal Bureau of Investigation, Dcgt, of Justice 1225 - 1235 "Juvenile Delinquency - A Problem and a Challenge” Judge Stephen S. Jackson - Justice, Domestic Relations Court , 1235 - 1250 ”A Resume of the Activities of the New Jersey Alcoholic Beverage Commission for the Past Sim months, with Recommendations for Future Cooperation” Alfred E, Driscoll - Commissioner, ABC Control, Newark 1250 - 1305 "Control Measures Recommended to Hotel Owners to Eliminate The Hotel as a Place of Exposure” R, K, Christenberry - President, 'Broadway Association 1305 - 1320 "How the State Restaurant and Liquor Dealers Association Police Its Members, and Future Plans to Assist the War Department in Its Fight to Control Venereal Disease" Rude Marwede - Presilent, S,R,L,D,A, 1320 - 1330 "Brewing Industry Assistance in Maintenance of Good Condition; in Retail Beer Outlets" E, Anthony Gordon - Army-Navy Coo; orative Program, Brewin ■; Indus try Foundation 1330 - 1430 LUNCH AFTERNOON SESSION 1430 - 1440 "The Chaplain’s Role in the Venereal Disease C ntr 1 Dr gra.." Capt, Charles T. R. d olio per - Chaplain Branch, 2nd Service Cun: and 1440 - 1430 "The Venereal Disease C ntr.1 Propran. in the Thirl Naval District Lt, C ;>rnnndcr Burke, U, S.N, (id. C.) 1450 - 1500 "The E .stern Defense Cv.ueand Venereal Disease Central Dr r.u," Daj. r Lillian S, Snath, 0,0, - Venereal Disease C nbrel Officer, S,D,C, . 1500 - 1310 "The Propran 1.r Venereal Disease C ntr 1 at the New I. rk P rt of Embarkation11 Eaj r 0, D, Schwartz, n#C* - Venereal Disease Contr 1 Officer, N.Y.P.E. 1510 - 1320 "The Venereal Disease Centr 1 Program in the Air C.rps" Co t, F rrost H. Y he, a-,C. ~ Venereal Disease C ntr 1 Officer, Any Air Base, A-itchol Field, N.Y. 1520 - 1330 "Plans dl r R utine, Fori :dic C nfercnccs 4 Venereal Disease G ntr el Officers Representing Or uni F roes. Service F rccs. Air F rcos. Eastern Defense C nir.nl, F rts f liibarkation, and Navy" Eaj r L, N. Altshuler, C, - Venereal Disease 0 ntr 1 Officer, 2nd Service C 1.5 .and 1330 - 1340 "C • .non Deficiencies in C ntact Reporting with Rec-:; aendati ns f r their C rrecti n" G l.oiel E. L. harsh, E# C, ~ Chief, Preventive ncdicine & Inspection Branch, 2nd Service C u .and 1540 - 1610 RECESS 1610 - 1635 "The Latest Results of Penicillin in the Treatment .f Venereal Diseases" Dr. J. F, Aahcney - Direct r, Venereal Disease Research Lab rat r , U.S, i arinh hospital, Staten Island, N.Y, 1633 - 1633 "Gon rrhea" Dr, 1. S, 1 1 use - Special C nsultant, UA ,PAUS. 1633 - 1700 R und Table Discuss! n 1700 - ’■ SIL1..TI0N iXA IhG b'w.hlOh Ghi]RhL TLRRY| First of -..11, I would like to express my appreciation for you oso'plo- coming here tod:.y and meeting ' ith us to discuss this 4 very important problem of the control of venereal disease. This is a problem tr t is not new to the Army and it is net new to -era gentlemen, but it something v.r.e have to check on occasionvlly to- see we ...re over- looking anything, if any now developments are arising > if any nor: situations dcvelo' which require added attention or a different kind of attention. e have been watekin the incidence of venereal disease in this service command for some gears. In fact, we have weekly reports coming into my headquarters, I watch each report mgs elf. dhile the personi - el that per- tains strictly.to the service command has a splendid record so far as venereal disease is concerned, we have, as you know, a groat many troops passim-; through this service command on their way overseas and a groat many now returning iron, overseas, These arc the troops m at cause us at the 'resent time the greatest concern. It is-among those troo s that we 1 .vc found recently a decided rise in the incidence oi venereal disease. Now, all of you gentlemen know t- t very id. cases occur wherein a man in uniform contracts venereal disease on a military or naval station — it is generally in. the surrounding country — so in vie.-; of this rise in the rate of infection we thought it would be well- to ask the interested .agencies in this very important subject to meet with us and discuss the various situations that arc present in the various communities surrounding our military establishments and to see if perhaps wo have overlooked some- thing, if there is a new approach tiw.t we should take, new facts we should considerj and I hope out.of this conference, gentlemen, that ,.c can arrive at some outline 01 plan to attack this rcblem more vigorously and more bf 1 b b 0 -x- J- ' f I am sorry that I cannot be with you during the conference, I have other duties this morning. I have a ’Russian general coming over that I’ve get to t ake c a re o.l this morning end get nim imeed up. however, 1 have looked over the agenda for the conference and I think it is splendid and I think that out of the very subjects to bo discussed kero wo will all derive great benefit. Again I want to thank you for ccmin herb and meetin; ‘ ith us and taking a part in this discussion, and I hope tl t wo wall all get great good out of this conference. I thank Trcu, CCLChhL k .Ieoh: Colonel alson right up. until the last rJ.nuto oxweeted to be here this morning nd today and preside at this conference, but ho has had a slight infection oi his foot. Although he is very much better ho v. s advise , tb at he shouldn't come out ,o;e,y and stand on his foot 1 all da7; so that I have the privilege of pinchhitting for him. The 1 following are the remarks Colonel -alson mould h ve . ado if i..e acre | h. re. | The agend before us calls for a very busy day end it is desired that each speaker keen wit: in ti , tie line .allowed ; n order that there nag be a free discussion by those * ith much' e: :•-crienc e who ray not be listed on the rogram. These conferences f. vc been •; ;lp perio.diCc.lly at Governors Island. They date back to the days ;rrior to tin tragedy at marl harbor. * ost of you here today, represent iiw: aour very important federal, stxbo, lav; enforcement, social hygiene, and ex. agency, have participated in these Meetings. hlvrays there mas been a fine spirit of m.utual cooperation, a willing- nc.ss to work together to acco. plish our most ortay niseion. This team work, our eternal vigilance, prompt aggressive action aeon arid where indicatec is essential' for successful oporatioa.s, i& heretofore, we will circulate to all thos-.. a transcript of tie proceedings. Followim: these meetings, my office studies — and I hope each of -you do also — the minutes c,.,rcfunlv with a via, of correct- ing deficiencies called to our attention and for tiv purpose of -obtaining now contructive ideas. Dm" last conference, held 14 January 1944, proved vary helpful to the Second Service Command Venereal disease Control Officer, and from, reports received, many a ho • ,tt ended expressed t. .ons elves likewise, TodaV I hope the trend of the' . .acting vdll she. x at each of the represented agencies did go bad: to his field of endeavor and execute his task, more complete!^. This is no tii.x for a 1. t-down in our efforts, ixny i ilitarv men arc returning from overseas, some as rot tional person...-., 1, corners the sick and wounded• many of these men arc .xroos, naturally, t xy should bo received -as such; at the same ti. e protected from evil or misguided influences, patriotic or otherwise, ar hysteria, i a.ro.per emotional ' i puls s ,* i .ust be reckoned with. e hope and oray icr the surrender of Gomany'in the near future. This will bring home more non in the conflict, * ar seems inevitably to be followed y a let-down in th.;, general cor. -net of hot): men ana woi.cn. This has been tha experience in history. During th o... rly stages of arid «;r I, thv venereal disease rate in the krxy reached 107 per 1000 per annua; in 1910 this was reduced to 94 arid in 1919 to 66. however, in 1920 the rate pie. cd again.to 79. The interest of the civilian communities .in venereal disease control was a patriotic duty during, the war; their interest lagged as. soon -s tax war was over and this was reflected in the increased rate. Unless the civil authorities continue taxir enthw iasr for a rogram of venereal disease crove ration, wo. can anticipate a marked incrvs.se in the incidence of these diseases, both among the .and civilian populations. These, ladies and gentlemen, are our problems and I hope out of this conference we will get some information or at least an inspiration along the proper lines of approach so that we may do something to curb the rate of venereal infection which we are now experiencing in the Armed Forces, This morning’s session will be devoted to speakers representing federal, state, county and municipal agencies and non-official organizations. The afternoon session will deal more with military vencral disease control problems at posts, camps and stations. In reading over the proceedings of our last meeting a few months ago, Colonel Walson listed a few items that should be answered today, and for your convenience a copy of this list in questionnaire form has been given you# It will be appreciated if you could make an ap ropriate entry where applicable in your case. If you can’t give the answers off hand and must wait until you have consulted your records, will you ma.il- them in to the Surgeon, Second Service Command, Governors Island? If you can comply before leaving this morning, leave them at the table in the lobby. The first speaker we have this morning is Rear Admiral Reed, District Medical Officer, Third Naval District, judiR ADMIRAL HEED; Good morning, ladies and- gentlemen. I have nc prepared remarks but the statistics for the Naval District will bo given by Dr* Burke, who’ is our Venereal Disease Control Officer, later on in the program, . As you know, this matter of venereal disease control is influenced by a great many different factors, but when you boil it all down the preven- tion depends on how successfully we locate the sources of infection and treat them and cure them; and that is where for a number of reasons we are weak. In the first place, the reports from the infected men in the Army and Navy are often incomplete. Sometimes what information we get is inaccurate, but whenever sufficient information can be obtained and reported to the health authorities, for various reasons with which I pun. not entirely familiar, very few of those women are found and treated, a very small per- centage, Dr, Burke will give you the.figures on that so far as the Navy is concerned. Until we can be more successful in locating the infected women and treating them, we arc not going to get very far. Our men 'who are infected arc usually located fairly early and restricted untii they can’t communicate the disease. They arc not a serious problem in the civilian community, but the infected women in the civilian community are our great problem. As wo can more successfully deal with that problem, with our newer methods of treating venereal disease wo am. going to cut down and eventually eliminate venereal, infection, I think with the now remedies we can do th't if it is pushed by all the agencies concerned, and that is the only way we are really going to got ■ results. Thank you. COLONEL MRSh: ”The Position -of the Liaison Officer in the Service Command1s Program for Control of the Venereal Disease Ann ig Military Personnel, and How Contact is Maintained with the Civilian Agencies,” Lt Colonel Albert Russell, Liaison Officer of the Public Health Service for the Second Service Command, T.T COLONEL RUSSELL: Colonel Marsh and friends: I will tell you a little bit of the problems of the Liaison Officer in Public Health. It has been my pleasure to servo with tho Second, Service Command for almost four years, .and our problems in venereal disease have remained very much the same. However, I think wc have systematized procedures and wo can handle reports in a much better way than wc did earlier, As the name, implies, my activities are liaison. My principal work in venereal disease at the present time is the handling of epidemiological reports which come from the state local health departments where a civilian patient has developed a venereal disease and named a.soldier as'the source of infection. It is my duty to take these reports, and identify, if possible, the organization where -the soldier is located and to contact the Medical Officer and ascertain/the soldier has been diagnosed, and placed under treat- ment, These epidemiological reports are sent, as I said, to the Medical Officer in charge of stations or battalions, we get prom t response, and many times the case has been diagnosed and is already under treatment. Other times wo find that the soldier has been wrongly accused, * I ,Now York City being the greatest port of embarkation in the world, many soldiers.have furloughs before going overseas; and when wc get reports many are already overseas, Sone of these reports have, adequate information; many of them have inadequate information, Where wc have proper identifica- tion, wo get practically 100$ response from Medical units overseas, I know you who are civilians have been plagued with reports of inadequate information the other way around. You got the wrong name, the wrong address and. now we can come, back' to you and say the same thing. You do not always got the proper idontific: Lion from civilians whore the soldiers are involved. However, the APO numbers, ASNs, are rather confus- ing, and wc have to send back many of these reports, for addition .1 informa- tion, Mny times the girl herself doesn’t know. But' all in all, these reports are expedited arid we got, .as I said, very good responsei Our office also maintains contact vith the FBI and provides confidential information to them upon their request. We have also maintained friendly relationships with tho Brewing Industry Foundation and with the various police departments, and assisted the Service Command, in work where these agencies are concerned, % . ' . More recently, I have been receiving reports of Venereal Disease in •discharged seamen from the Maritime Training Stations in this vicinity and have boon able to report to the Health Departments in the community where the seaman is returning. Earlier in my work as Liaison .Officer, the Public Health Service provided a number of educational films for use in basic training* These have been distributed and used through the cooperation of the Signal Corps, Wo also maintain in our office kodachrcme' slides provided by the Surgeon General1s Office of the Public Health Service, Venereal Disease Division, These depict in beautiful illustrations the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of venereal disease conditions, I have been requested by a number of Medical Officers for use of these slides in their stations in teaching and lecturing Medical Officers in the recognition and diagnosis of lesions of syphilis ana other venereal-diseases. As Liaison Officer, I am called on frequently to provide printed information, reprints and bulletins from the Public Health Service in Washington, That service is still available. If there are any publications you, as Medical Officers, desire, you may send your request to me. We are able to provide them in almost any quantity desired. We have also been able to provide posters and educational material designed for the layman or common soldier, ■ There are many and various ramifications of my work as Liaison Officer, Those arc the principal ones at the present tine. Wo have cooperated with the Social Protection Agencies of the Federal Security Agency in locating and getting attention called to the brothels and places of assignation and, calling the attention to the local law enforcement agencies. Our problem now, as you know, is the pick-up girl, and we cooperate with the ABC Boards, the Brewing Industry Foundation and other agencies to try to overcome'' this very difficult situation, I believe this outlines in general my activities. Thank you, COLONEL im.RSIi: I am going to ask General Robertson, Commanding General of the First Military District, which includes the Metropolitan area, to Seay a few words* GENERAL ROBERTSON: Admiral, Colonel Marsh, and gentlemen: My remarks will bo directed solely to the military under my command, I have but one belief on this subject, and that is the responsibility rests squarely on the immediate commanding officer of the troops. At the present moment I have a superior Military Police battalion in Now York City, and there is not a single venereal case in it, and there has not been in some months, with, ore exception, whore a new man was sent in and joined the battalion. It is what is known as the 1240th Service Unit, vhich is performing military police duty in various sections, like railroad stations, train riding, and so forth. In the past two years they have had four cases of venereal disease. That, to my mind, bears out the.proposition that it is solely, as far as the military alone is concerned, a matter of control by the immediate commanding officer. It can bo done. }* e have some, colored troops here. We have had three cases in the past three months in a small detachment of M.P,!s* The men there are being changed frequently, and' that is the reason that we have not been able tc sell those people on the idea the way I would like to. I realize gentlemen, that it is difficult to control it absolutely, but it is not impossible. In a colored regiment which was stationed here for a while, in which the venereal rate would vary somewhat and was considerably abov- th t of the white troops, I became fairly well acquainted with the colored officers of the regiment, and in one company the captain, who had been an enlisted man and had risen through the ranks, saw every man in his company before he went on pass.and when he came back, and he had-a better rate than the white companies just because of his own control, I an not going to make any st temonts about the professional angle of it, I might say to you that when you attempt to look for the source, that it is a pretty difficult problem. That is probably the pcoblcm which several of your speakers hero today will bring home to you, I don’t profess to know how it can be handled. I see the Police Commissioner here, and I think he is the one who told me they looked up some records about the source, and they said the source was military, the place was Central Park, and the result fifty cases. That is not exactly definite. Speaking again solely for the military, I* think that the officers immediately in command have that responsibility, We tried on various occasions to say this to the officers: Sell the soldier the idea that first he owes his duty to the government in tite of war to keep himself well, secondly, his orders require it, thirdly, it is a matter of loyalty to his own organization, and last but not least, I said to then, "I can’t believe that a soldier is just so plain ignorant that ho doesn’t want to be a well man,”. One of my officers who had considerable experience in this work said, ’’hell, General, that sounds fine, but when the fellow is '-’four sheets- to the wind ’ he doesn’t think of any of those arguments*”' I suspect that may be true. Vic have prophylactic stations in both of the railroad stations, the Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Terminal, .and also in the Bronx- Harlem Hospital, and in our units, 66th Street and 56th Street, We believe that- they do good work, and we believe in bringing hone to the soldier the idea that keeping, himself well is one of the groat sources of freedom from venereal disease so far as the soldier is concerned. Thank you. COLO'-HL L -RSH: Thank you. General Hebert son* The next speaker is Dr, Janes H, Lade, Director of the Division of Syphilis Control, New York State Department of Health, who will talk on the subject, nHow the State Health Department accomplishes its follow-up of contacts submitted on WD MD Form 1/+0, with a crit nismi of present • information contained in those reports,” Dr, Lade, .Dit. LADE: Colonel Marsh, I am glad to have this opportunity of reporting the gross results of the investigation of the contacts.of soldiers with infectious venereal disease which have been reported to the New York State Department of Health, -It should be understood at the outset that the New York State Department of Health has immediate jurisdiction in the upstate area only, and this report does not pertain to New York City, The data which X will presently cite do not include those of the major local health jurisdictions in the upstate area, namely the larger cities and the county health departments, for their representatives arc here to report for them- selves. It may bo well to discuss in general the organisation through which this work is handled, anti the policies which govern it, particularly those which pertain to contacts which were not followed, Dost of you have received reports returned by us with various notations on them without an investigation having been made, All contact investigation in areas not covered by full-time health officers is carried out through the twenty district offices of the State Health Department, Though some of this work may be parceled out by the District Health Officer to individual nurses who are particularly adept at it, most contact investigations are initiated, or carried through entirely, by a physical n, either the District Health Officer or his assistant. For the duration of the war the Commissioner of Health, Dr, Godfrey, has made this work the first order of business for the district offices, excluding emergencies such as the present polio epidemic- and, in some areas, tuberculosis. This step was taken, however, solely to halt transmission of venereal disease, not simply to find late Cases of syphilis, which is regarded as a promotional activity better suited to peace time. Of course, a considerable proportion of the reports we receive, especially those pertaining to men recently inducted, are in respect to late cases of syphilis. In accordance with this policy no effort has been made to find the person named as contact when the diagnosis of the soldier has been late- syphilis, on the assumption that the contact also will bo non-infectious. No investigation is made of those contacts of gonorrhea cases in which the date of onset of the soldier’s symptoms is more than two weeks after the stated date of exposure, or,-in syphilis, in which .more than three months have elapsed, . . I hope that sometime today there nay be verbal discussion of the sort that has, I might say, ‘raged by correspondence between us and some'of the military who felt that we should look up Susie Jones even though the stated date of the first symptoms of the soldier did not happen until a month after he had been with Susie Jones, I am told by some of my colleagues among the military that this situation may arise through the concealment by the s Idler of the a ctual date of onset of his infection because of fear of discipline, I would suggest that in such situations the date of onset, which is stated categorically to have been when the first symptoms appeared,on such and such a date, be stipulated as questionable or unknown, when this appears to be the most accurate representation of the facts-. Sometimes we do investigate these when the work involved i& small; ■that is, when the girl is definitely named and we have an address to go to. Then it is merely a matter of a postman’s job. Otherwise the amount of work involved is very extensive. Have a,ny of you seen the recent number of the in which ; Florence’s case history was cited? Florence was a colored girl. It was in’Tonics and Sedatives” regrettably, as it should have been in the editorial section. The man hours or personnel hours that go into finding indefinitely named contacts are very large. Sometimes when we look up one of these people indefinitely named we do find she is infected, but i of course the yield is relatively pretty low, | The final category of contact information which we do not follow | is only mentioned for sake of completeness. These arc those unidentifiable; for lack of adquate information, • ! Excluding the reports of contacts in the non-infoctious stages, and those with „ grossly inadequate information, there were 1327 reports receive* in the twelve-month period ending July 1 of this year. These were mostly gonorrhea, of course, for 1103 pertained to that disease. Despite the longer incubation period of syphilis, the contact information pertaining to that disease was better than that for gonorrhea, for 80$ of the syphilis contacts were considered identifiable, while only 70$ of gonorrhea cases were in that category. The results were that 63$ of gonorrhea contacts named, regardless of the character of the infor nation, and 77$ of the syphilis contacts wore found. If we exclude those that were indefinitely named, or rather not named at all, or with no address to give you a starting point to find the person, 96$ of these identifiable syphilis contacts were found as compared with 89$ of the identifiable gonorrhea contacts, It is perhaps needless to say that these people in the identifiable group required less time per contact by a great deal than the vaguely named people who required a great deal of pseudo-detective work. In pooling the results of all venereal contacts, including syphilis, gonorrhea and chancroid, 65$ of those named wore found. Among the gonorrhea contacts 48 % of those examined were found infected, while 40$ of the syphilis contacts had the disease. In other words, in about one of two contact follow-ups, the work was fruitless. Not all of these were new cases, for a total of 62 of these infectious cases had been found before the- contact reports had been received. But 45 new and infectious cases of syphilis and 284 cases of gonorrhea were discovered during the twelve-month period as a result of information furnished by the Army,.. In summary I can say that contact information received from the Army in upstate New York during this period was superior to that previously received in the proportion of named contacts considered identifiable on the basis of information received, and I am sure that that comprises a great amount of work in eduction of medical officers and in supervision of detail in order to achieve that rise, I cannot compare it with previous figures because our mode of collection of ini'o mat ion is a little bit different than it was before, A total of only 329 new infectious cases was discovered through the investigation of 1345 contact reports, eyen after the screening I have described. For this reason we still feel that there is a need for screening this information because of the large investment of personnel hours, and though we will use every bit of information we can get, I hope this discourse will permit you to understand that though -we are fully apprecia- tive of the great boon your contact. •information is in helping us in our job, we cannot-follow up every-bit of information we get from the Army, COLONEL LARSH: Thank you very much, Dr. Lade, I m sure that we are glad to have a little better report from you than we had the last time. The next subject is, ”A Discussion of Common Errors in the Examination of Female Contacts for Gonorrhea, with suggestions for Technique of Examination,” by Dr. Glenn S, Usher, Chief of the Bureau of Venereal Disease, New Jersey State Department of.Health, Dr. Usher, Pit. USHER: I received this assignment on a couple of days’ notice, so that I-cannot undertake to give an exhaustive discussion on this subject, but I will mention a few of the things that- are, t ho .-.err ops that come readily to mind when on thinks of the examination of the female contact. In our experience the most common source of error in the examination of the female contacts is no examination at all. It is a constant source of amazement to me to see every once in a while on a report of investiga- tion on a gonorrhea contact, ”Blood test negative?’, Of course, wc have to follow through on that again and see that an examination is made,but there seems to be a reluctance on the part of many physicians to perform examinations on these contacts. Some physicians don’t seem to -believe in contact investigations. In other instances we find the old, old story, "Well, I knew Mary Jones and I. have known Mary Jones for twenty years* She can’t have gonorrhea.M Secondly, the discharge of the patient if she h; s no clinical sifens of the disease* Very frequently a physician will look at the cervix. If the cervix appears normal, he says she can’t have a gonorrhea and he discharges her without eV|g a smear or culture. We all know the fallacy of that. The fact that/somewhere between 10% and 20% of the cases of chronic gonorrhea in women have no clinical signs of the disease at all. That has been shown by a number of workersJ and we have seen it repeatedly in the work that we have been doing among the migrant farm •laborers. This summer we have been examining migrant farm laborers routinely for gonorrhea and we have been getting 20% positive. Among those it is not at all infrequent to find cases that have no clinical signs of the disease at all, • The third error we might mention is being satisfied with one examina- tion. I think we all realize that the laboratory methods at our disposal for the examination of people for gonorrhea are not satisfactory. They definitely miss a certain- proportion of the case. To be reasonably •certain that the patient does not have gonorrhea, we feel that at least three examinations should be made. Fourthly, that of being satisfied with the smear examination. It has been shown again and again that cultures are superior to smears — much superior. In our gonococcus culture program which we have in New Jersey, we have a program whereby the service is available to every ‘physician in the state, the specimens being sent in by mail through a technique developed by my predecessor just before the war. With that procedure-we, are getting 9&% more positives that are obtained by smears taken concurrently. In other words, we get practically twice as many positives with cur culture program as are obtained by smears taken concurrently from the same patient. Fifthly, the error of taking the specimen from the vagina from the vaginal wall. That is still done in general practice. The error of that is obvious. It is the error of taking only a urethral culture or •only a cervical culture. The specimen should include both urethral and cervical specimens. Incidentally, ’even with our culture program we advocate both smears and cultures to be taken at the same time* In spite of the great superiority of our cultures, there are some cases that will be positive to'the smear and negative to the culture. The mpst common error perhaps is in getting the smear too thick or too thin, but usually too thick and the use of stains other than the gram stain. In my opinion there is no other stain which is ready to replace the gram stain. After all, the gram stain is certainly as satisfactory as any stain that has been developed for gonorrhea, and I see no reason for its replacement. It is a simple technique'to use. Next arc the errors in taking cultures, kith the program that we have, the specimens being sent through the nail — which incidentally, while I an on the subject, is available to any of the military establish- ments in New Jersey, some of them already using it and it being available to any of then that want to use it — in that procedure we make use of a slant with a modified Plzen1S medium, and over that slant is carbon dioxide. Once in a while a physician in taking a specimen will tip the culture too. When that happens the carbon dioxide- runs cut like water and yqur specimen is apt to be no good. Care has to be taken at the stations where the specimen are accepted to keep the incubator atthe proper tempera- ture. In one of the stations we found that the medium was being chocolated because the temperature was so high. The specimens have to be returned to the incubator within three hours. The technique has to be followed closely in order to get good results. Then there is the matter of placing entire reliance on laboratory results, I think all of us in medical school have had it drummed into us again and again that the laboratory is simply an aid to the clinician in the use of his judgmente That certainly applies in gonorrhea. In many, instances the clinical signs will be present and the patient will be named.as a source of infection, perhaps on two or three occasions, but we. cannot get positive Laboratory results, The question that I have in mind is: Why net treat those patients? If we take those cases and study them long enough, the groat majority of then- will be found to have gonorrhea. The treatment that we have available today is comparativelymn-toxic. In my opinion they should be treated even though the diagnosis of gonorrhea may perhaps net be made. In other words, we are urging physicians to give equal consideration to clinical evidence, to epidemiologic evidence, and to laboratory evidence. There is the matter of antiseptic douches, as another point, which the patient may take prior to examination. If a case technique is used I think there is some question as to whether they will actually interfere with the results of the' examination: That is, if the vagina is swabbed, cut and the cervical plug is removed and then the cervix is milked with the blades of the speculum, I donlt think that antiseptic douches inter- fere very greatly with the results of the examination, but I think that all possible precautions should be taken against that. As a suggestion, I would suggest that in taking specimens, before the urethral specimen is taken, that the Skene1s gland be milked tc get any secretions from there, I would suggest also, that the cervix be milked with the blade of the speculum. With the penicillin treatment which is coming up, I think it has become even more' important than previously to examine these patiert s carefully for any evidence f syphilis, because if they have acquired syphilis at the same time that they acquired the gonorrhea, the penicillin is apt to suppress the signs of syphilis. Also after penicillin treatment the patient sho uld -be examined f r syphilis perhaps a month later or two months later, sufficiently len after the treatment t. detect the positive bleed test if it is there. Think you* COLONEL . -PSP.: I an going tc ask C ptain Hess, who is the District Nodical Officer of .-the 4th Naval District 1 embed in Philadelphia, if he won't say a few words# The Nival Districts an the Service Commands arc not cc-tcroiinus and part of c-ur Service Command is -also part cf the 4th Naval District, Captain Ross, C FT IN ROCS: This was entirely cwexpoctcd on my part, Colonel, but• •'I assure you that the 4th District is‘making every effort to report contact. In my observation of the ccntadt ’reporting system, the weakest point .in the whole system is the individual dfficer aboard ship or at a naval station who makes out the report. Naturally, these units have men who come up with venereal liser.se and through, perhaps, some misguided sense of honor frequently do "not like to name the girl if they knew the name. Secondly, they frequently do n t know' the name of the . irl except the nickname. In the third place, :ftentires they are somewhat befogged by alcohol and they may not know the street number of the girl1s apartment, But a great deal of it proceeds merely from a sense of shame and, as I say, a sort of misguided idea of being honorable — rot squealing* .If the -nodical Officer whose duty it is to make cut the report will sit down- and take a little time, ain't cf times he can tease or pry out of this particular man information that he would not have gotten otherwise * The approach to that is, of course, orfo of the individual, judgment of the medical Officer concerned * In pur District we have enlisted a specialist who used to be an investigator in the Philadelphia Venereal Disease. Program, a nan who has a great interest in the thing, and we have used him as a travelin, emissary to the various ships dockin in the Philadelphia Navy Yard-and other stations to instruct at least one of tho loading hospital cc-rpsmen on one of these ships in the method f getting- this information out of these men* .0 do find that a little preliminary talk by a First Class Petty Officer or Irr.y Sergeant in interviewing these men before they see the Medical Officer is very helpful, and in this conversation the Petty Officer will get a lot of things out of them that the commissioned officer would not get. Then lie sees the doctor and the report is , .ado out, he found* that worked out fairly well. Our weakest point in the 4th District is the individual medical Officer who makes out the report, C0L0I1-I m.RSI.-; Thank you very much, Captain* Along the lines that you have mentioned, I don't want to anticipate too much but iur Venereal Disease Control Officer, header Altshuler, I think, this afternoon is going to talk on a school for enlisted men's .aides, control aides, to be instructors along those sane lines, v;e now hear from Dr. l-Jw »rightnian, 'Director, Syphilis Control , Service Citv of *«hy the Community is interested in the Control nf Venereal Oise7' anc* "*»hat the Community Lay Expect in the Post-bar p,—-iou.* ’’ DR. 3RIG1TI AN; Colonel harsh, ladies and gentlemen: This dissertation is really a description of how’Buffalo, a city of over a half million population, is attempting to meet its venereal disease, problem. The venereal disease division of any health department, no matter how excellently organized and how efficiently functioning, cannot hope to accomplish its purpose if it acts as a 11 lone wolf I”. In its case finding program it requires the assistance of industrv and labor for the performance of large scale physical and serologic examinations, and of the police to supplement the work of its public . ealth nurses in tracking contacts of known cases. In both the case finding and case holding programs, it requires the aid of the medical profession, first in the interrogation of patients regarding contacts, and second in the rendering of adequate treati ent and the notification of the health officer when infectious patients become delinquent in therapy. In a city like Buffalo where of the cases of syphilis arc under the care of private physicians, 'a good relationship between the medical profession and tne health department is essential for a good wrogram, and a health officer who is persona non grata among the practicing physleans might better pass his chores along to a more pleasing and tactful personality. The courts must be invoked to deal with delinquents who defy the' persuasive measures of the health department. The police department must be depended upon to suppress all forms of prostitution and all other rocessess which facilitate promiscuity, such as disorderly drinking places, raid rooming houses and' hotels which lend themselves to L.moral purposes. The ; nob tion office‘and the welfare- agencies must bo mr.de to play their role in rehabilitation of sox delinquents. For its educational activities, the support 01 the schools, crunches, parent associations, youth organizations, pharmacies, ress and radio., as ’well as that of tavern owners and pool room .and bowling alley proprietors, must bo enlisted. Above all, the venereal disease control officer must rely upon private voluntary agencies to cooperate in all the above mentioned endeavors and to interpret to the public the purposes * behind the campaign. This arousing of con..unity interest is net easy. The venereal disease control officer looks with envy upon his brother in charge of general commurlcable diseases, In an outbreak of poliomyelitis, such as Buffalo dnd the other areas have recently been experiencing, the health office has difficult y in keeping up with the public in the latter1s urgent demand for action regardless of the known ,eflicacy of any given procedure. To syphilis and gonorrhea of which the epidemiology, therapy and prophylaxis arc ’ ell known, of which the incidence ever a ’wear's period by far outranks that cf the more popular infections, the public is more apt to turn a deaf ear. Last winter the health ccwmittee of an important civic organization requested a presentation of the actual figures for venereal disease in Buffalo. When told that Buffalo’s preplan, in wartime was that of all major | cities' and that 1943 fi ;uros for early syphilis had shown a r .se *of I 2S:> above the re-war years, the committee took the attitude that if the I rise was no greater than tha t of other cities and could easily be attribute! to the wartime upheavals, there was certainly-no. need for concern and no action was to be recommended* lot a community can be aroused by concerted action, * hen a committee was "appointed to arrange a Social hygiene Day program last winter, it was voted to rake the day mean'sometaing mere to the public than simply to hear a few "speeches and then to forget about the subject for the rest of the year Social hygiene Day was considered- to be a day of accounting whereby representatives of all the interested agencies referred to before'were to be called upon to discuss'their past contributions to the fight against V.D, and to present their plans of how they could do even more in t he future, mt each future -annual meeting, these sa.x agencies wall be expected to show how well their plans have been kept. Previously a social hygiene committee was appointed each year to prepare a Social hygiene Day, .and ’with the conclusion of that day’s -activities, the committee promptly died. This /year, at the, request of the Health Department, the Committee voted itself into permanent existence. It is headed by a lay chair an who is very prominent in the community, particularly in church groups, and its members come from various interested agencies. ..t present who University of Duff ale Schools of iedicine and Pharmacy, the. Junior and Senior Chambers of Comiacrc the Health Department, the Ledical Society, the Council of Social Igencics, and the Tuberculosis association are represented. Industry and labor care expected to join- in the•npar future. This committee moots at the request of the director of the Syphilis Control Service and:Servos as an unofficial advisor3r board to him, as a watch-dog to observe ’ hat cooperating outside agencies are doing,'and as a plannin; board for community demonstrations ’ throughout the year as well-, as for the February Social. Hygiene Day, There seems little doubt that the idea of holding; outside agencies to account has stimulated the activities of ahesc agencies, in the venereal disease problem: as well as to arouse the interest of the community as a whole. The educational program has been able to go a Ion, -way. The’ press has shown willingness to accept news releasesfrom the Syphilis Control Service fer the purpose of keeping the public informed. The Junior Chamber of Commerce has twice contributed its weekly radio time to V.D. educ tion. Requests for speakers for civic and mouth clubs have been so numerous that a speakers’ panel has been created tc meet tie demand. During march 1944 the local transit corporation granted free space,- and 400 large posters were placed■oh the outsides of buses -and trolley cars throughout the city. Posters have been placed in the washrooms.of all t types of public places. Through time courtesy of the local Tuberculosis Issociaticn a worker has been secured to carry the program into' pool rooms and bowling alleys, where films are shown, pamphlets distributed and questions answered. This worker also- supervises the placement of automatic fill- demonstration machines in-taverns and other public places. The effectiveness of an educational csmpai.gn is difficult to -evaluate* The reaction to the posters on the buses and trolleys was considerable and to both extremes, The Health Deoart.nont was told by many that the propaganda was the best thing the city had ever donealong health education lines. By others, it was told that the plastering of the city with the words "syphilis" and "gonorrhea" in huge red letters was disgraceful. On the.whole, the reaction was favorable, but onJua one person reported to the health Department for a blood test as a direct response to the posters* On the other hand, several individuals with genital lesions and urethral discharges have reported promptly to the Health Department or to the city clinics stating that they had seen the posters in the public -washrooms. How many patients were directed by these posters to r. veto physicians is, of course, impossible to sa, Buffalo's figures on early infectious syphilis for the first six' months of 1944 show a decrease of 20 cases compared to the last six months of 1943, but an increase cf 36 cases over the more corresponding first half of 1943. e have no reliable figures for gonorrhea because of the poor reporting cases, but b sed upon the cases reported by the armed services as having been contracted in Buffalo, the ratio of gonorrhea to early infection syphilis, is 15 to 1, Tee number of reports received from the hilitary end naval services referring to cases of voice real disease allegedly contracted in Buffalo. " has remained fairly constant . f late. During, the throe successive .six- month' periods between January 1943 and June 1944, the total numbers cf reports received wore 136, 142, and 142 respectively, of which extra- marital reports comprised 127, 105, and 93 respectively, I think our figures for what we have been doing with xrmy contact reports night be of interest, Is you know, Buffalo is the 1 rgest city in upstate Few York, In the year1s time bet-Teen July 1, 1943 and Juno 30, 1944, we received 236 reports naming 273 individuals, .o’11 group all early infectious venereal disease. Of these, 153, or roughly 60%, had sufficient data to warrant investigation; and of these 153, 117 were found. On percentage bas is, we found early infectious diseases, either ..onorrhea or syphilis, in a ratio cf 15 to 1 with 21% infectious V.D, per contacts named, 33% infectious of the total contacts given to us witn sufficient data, and 50/° infectious of tnc contacts which were found and examined. The trend toward infection of servicemen by am tears of "patrefutes" is continuing. During 1943, 32% of £.11 contacts reports na.-.. ed amateurs, 10% named street prostitutes, and 8% brothels, For tne first six months of 1944, 92% of such reports named amateurs, 5% street prostitutes, and only 3/o brothels, The police are attempting to deal with the amateurs as well as with the prostitutes and have b.-cn bringing in many ; iris who were noted to have entered taverns alone, nave themselves picked up oy service- men and accompany them to hotels and rooming houses, actually it nas not been the policy for the police to place c.larges against these on a first offense, but they are referred to the health Department for examination, and it is hoped that the whole experience will deter them from further pursuit of this type of adventure. One distressing feature is always noticablc during the summer months, and that is the abandonment of the rooming houses in favor of the city’s parks, Between Jure 1 and September 5, 19 reports from the armed services referred to out-of-door exposures compared to 23 exposures occurring in rented rooms. ho are trying to do a great deal and particularly to direct our effort* dost productively, but me can hardly say that wo are liekin; the venereal disease problem, he have oresorted cur approach and at the same time hope to gain something by learning the ideas of other communities. COLOkoL - .ASK: Thank you very much, Dr. Brighthan, The next speaker is hr. Thomas L. Connolly of the Social Protection Division, Federal Security '-gency, .- ho will speak on "The Community1 s Stake in Venereal Disease Prevention", LR. CLik OLLY: Colonel harsh, ladies and gentlemen: v-hen the: Light-Point Agreement was adopted in th fall of 1939 by the Army, Navy,, Federal Security -gency, State end Territorial health Officers and the American Social hygiene Associ*tion, it was understood that every available means would be taken to prevent the acquisition of syphilis, gonorrhea and . other venereal diseases by members of the armed forces and civilian war ■production- workers. Since that time, untiring efforts have been made to prevent and control the venereal diseases. --Ithoueh we may soiuetim.es be- come alar: ed by sudden increases in infection rates in particular communities, there is- solace in' the fact that the efforts of all of us have not been in vain, and without -the cooperation being extended by all parties to the agreement the rates would unquestionably be very much higher. The fact that organized prostitution has boon-re ’meed to a minimum in America is one of the great social contributions of Jorld Aar II» The venereal diseases know no race or creed. They strike all classes of society and yre acquired essentially under comparable circumstances. Little does it natter mho the victim' ia, he or she is still a menace and a liability to s'oeitty until treated, self-respect is restored and.the patlet is. assisted in apain assuming a normal place in- the .ranks of a civilian population. Health Departments, the armed forces, public and private voluntary ,agencies are not individually equipped to control trie venereal diseases. Only through the'carefully coordinated activities of all community forces nay wc hope to know* the full extent of our venereal disease, problems and how best to tackle then. Surely a -physician may treat v0.ncr.eaH7 infected pati nts endlessly if no attempts arc made to learn and locr.te the source of their infections. Like; iso, our police nay arrest promiscuous -persons repeatedly, if’attempts are not made to hoi them for examination, -treat- ment and indie-ted reformative care, it is only by sear chin, sources of contact and prevent in multiple contacts, thru we ..ay hope to drain the strong reserveir of venereal infection natch - exists in ma^iyJerrican comm-unl . hat is the community P.nd why place so much emphasis upon it in a discussion oi venereal disease control? You'and 1 and our families,aided to normal democratic living bp our churches, schools, elites, public and voluntary agencies, contribute to make up tie American Community, It is the bulwark of our .mierican way; it is usually autonomous, keenly conscious of its virtues and not always ashamed of its shortcomings, It is from the routine of military life to the m erican community that our servicemen go during their free time. It is the place where they hope to find friendship, stimulation and complete acceptance as decent men and women. The community is no cleaner than it wants to be. Because of constant changes in the social complexion of our communities due. to population shifts and wartime pressures, our citizens more and more feel the need for the planned social protection of their neighbors as Well, as the visiting military, h program resulting from the crystallized thinking'of all officials of the community, who best know their local needs, is the one direct and hopeful approach to the realistic problems of our day. No amount of sophisticated clap- trap communicated from afar will in the least influence our people. Getting down to their local level, however, and working with them on their problems which they and their influence may best resolve is the one effectual, progressive and dynamic approach to social change. The Division of Social Protection og the Federal Security i-.-ency, through its re. resentat-ives distributed about the United States and the Possessions, work with the individual communities in cooperation with the hrmy. Navy, U,S, Public health Service, State and local health officers, as well os the American Social Hygiene association, in planning for the. total elimination of pros- titution and for prevention of the venereal diseases. In this State, the Hew York State T. B, and Health association renders excellent cooperation through its chain of county Social Hygiene and Social 1 rotaction Committees, The old practice of arresting so-called immoral women, ordering them to leave town or imposing short arbitrary jail sentences has long since proven ineffectual, from, to.e nubile Health as well as the police standpoint, Such women ordinarily lose no time in quickly•establishing•themselves in adjoining comunities, much wiser and more furtive as a result of their experience. Ideally, when it is established that a person is sexually promiscuous, that person should be held for examination and necessary treatment, either under the Code of Criminal Procod .re or a section of the Public Health Law, whichever is applicable to the particular political jurisdiction. Before releasing a venereal disease patient from custody a plan should be formulated for that person’s welfare, ;-.e are agreed that promiscuity breeds disease. It is obviously not enough to provide treat- ment for a,promiscuous person when she b comes infected; it is equally necessary, whenever possible, to prevent her return to the ranks of the promiscuous if me wish to reduce sources. It has been the experience of the Division of Social Protection that social agencies in most hr erican communities are ready and willing to render some assistance to venereal patients in order to aid in their■total rehabilitation. Certainly comple- tion of the clinical processes may eliminate infection, out the patient ~ay still be socially maladjusted and in need of -some counsel or more xtensivo social services lest he or she shortly reappear at the V,D, clinics, Searching out the sources of infection appccars to present the most icult problem to the vricus interested agencies-• at this time. Only the most complete information is available may ready results be ob- ed in contact tracing. -grain, the'combined efforts of all forces of the coin.unity may best be used in this service. Certainly, when ”Iiary with the dark eyes’* is unknown to the local nurse, she nay be known to- the local policewoman, This will not cor.:.-: to light, howevery if the available information is filed, rather than circulated. To fail to exert every effort to locate a contact is tantamount to sabotage of the national health program. Lip service to teis principle is not enough. .In the coax unities where the cases are occurring, public officials, oho control the policies and the pursestrings must bo made aware of the necessity for providing an ample number of trained case finders who can, ith. minimum loss of time, locate and bring to ■ examination per sens named as sources. Time must be taken to build up an active public interest in venereal. disease prevention, a corresponding organised-concern, on the part of our public officials, in order to get concrete action of this type. ' _ . ' Recently, in a New York State community, there wc s' much of what one . might call ”mud slinging” by some citizens because of so-c- -.led "vice conditions” in the village* in official of the vill ge sui-monod repre- sentatives of the nearby nrmy and Navy installations, his ublic officials,1 including health, /police, school and welfare, as well as some of the local clergy arid the-Social Protection Representative, The chief objective, ;of the meet in-3 ..was- an analysis of two comimnity from, a health and welfare standpoint, ..fter each attendant at the meeting ;had given his version of the causes of the high V, Dp rate, a plan of action was agreed upon - • to control the situation, - representative of - the -'local tavern owners 'association who was resent- agreed the police chief that certain - establislu.Snts were encouraging tee patronage of unaccompanied teen-age girls and that the practice should be stopped• The tavern association agreed to censure the particular taver: owner first. If his cooperation was not guaranteed, they would refer the establishment to the police, who in turn whould take steps through, the State Liquor authority to have the place closed. The local judge promised to -"desist .from, ordering girls out of town, upon learning that'the local social service agency had facili- ties for counselling such girls in an endeavor to direct them into more wholesome and legitimate use of their time. The-local hcalth.commissioner promised to afford better cooperation to the military and the school principal explained -a program of extra-curricular activities designed to kc teen-age high school upils off tie streets atnight. The results of the meeting were not so much lip service since” - the V.D, figures .have since dropped by fifty per cent due to concerted community action. Ifum present indications the rate will drop further, chiefly because tie village has bee helped to proceed with its problem on the b..sis of an organized approach with concrete procedures, The Social Protection Committee is a continuing! process of coordination of all community forces aimed at improved living M conditions for their civilian neighbors, as Well as the visiting military® The leaders of one community in this State successfully closed the. houses of prostitution after a lpnt, and vigilant campaign .'to arouse public support'. So grateful were.the residents, particularly parents oil teen-age children, that they lamedlately asked for some assurance that® the houses remain closed, n meeting was then called among City officjBg- social agencies, .American Social tygxcnc .ne social ion --and the eocial^B Protection Division to doviso ways and naans of keeping the houses closed pomomently. Likewise, measures were considered to educate the community to the hazards of organized prostitution, so that those sores which had so long persisted might eventually be altered, Mhen prostitution becomes a local tradition (if not a lucrative local industry) it takes more than federal legislation to completely eliminate it. Only the combined efforts of ..rimy, Navy, federal and state agencies, local health bodies, educators, clergy, social workers, police and other community agencies may adequately remove this blight from the Rimerican scone. Syphilis, gonorrhea, and the other venereal diseases present a serious challenge to the Mao ri can community. Every branch of the law is in so io way concerned with their prevention and control. The promiscuous girl as well as her little sister, who may be a potential sox delinquent, need the benefits of the best of our spiritual, educational, health and law enforcement groups, ho can hardly plan for community welfare on the local, state or national level without considering the role of sexually promiscuous persons, the chief spreaders of syphilis, gonorrhea and other venereal diseases. To ignore these diseases as a potent factor in the decline of national health and well-being is indeed shortsighted. Since the Services have promised to release no venereally in- fected persons, it becones the obligation of the community to assist the returning serviceman and servicewoman to take their places in civilian life under those improved social conditions for which they have risked their lives. COLONEL MhJRSHs One of the problems which we face, and which was touched upoii I think by General Robertson this morning, is the fact that our colored troops have much higher rates of venereal disoo.se than the white troops. On the chart to your right, those black lines illustrate the monthly rates of venereal disease among the colored, and the red are the rates for the whites. I point that out now because the next speaker, mr. Edward Taylor, Social Protection Representative of the Federal Security agency, is going to speak on ’’The Negro Community’s Share in Venereal Disease Prevention". hr. Taylor. MR. TMYLOR: Colonel Marsh, ladies and gentlemen; t have tried to draw' based not on ay own imagination but based purely upon some of the experiences and some of the comments that have come to our attention during the period that we have been working with the several communities through New York, New Jersey,' Delaware and Penn- sylvania in this field of venereal disease control. The negro community is certainly a part of the total community. If all things on community levels wore equal, the statement of the previous speaker would be sufficient, and there would be no need for giving special attention to the '’Negro Community’s Share in Venereal Disease Preven- tion", But things, in the .majority of negro communities are not equal in terms of economic standards, nousing, health, educational and re* creational facilities; and also police protection, compared with other community divisions within a given city or township. These differences invariably reflect themselves through substandards in poor health, minimum academic school levels, and allttypes of Juvenile and adult delinquencies which, of course, include sox delinquencies, In order towbe consistent in our thinking, wo must recognise that attacks must be made.simultaneously by specialized groups on each of the elements that contribute to,poor living, he, of this conference, are concerned with the control of venereal diseases; so properly, my statement is restricted to one regarding corn ..unity program in that single field. The negro comu'.-unity's concern in a social prevention program should exceed that of other comrunities; first, because of the health hazards due I to the excessively high prevalence cf venereal disease within its popu- j lat-ion, and second, because of the adverse effects that this high prevalence! has in job placement opportunities, xct negroes as a group are-apathetic, I and in some instances even unconcerned reg .rding t.,e V,, D, problems• j To understand such apathy and unconcern, we much know something-of the I psychology in negro thinking along these lines. Negroes generally arc I apprehensive regarding statistical data pertaining to high prevalence I rates, oo many obstacles are placed in the oaths of negroes that they I have come to regard statei ents about t .e prevalence of tl.o diseases as I further attempts to discredit them. discussion .of the arguments that I re used by many negro leaders.to refute existing data would be worth- I less at this time, he should, however, think positively on methods lor I raking the most efficient use of reliable data such as has been provided ■ from the study of the prevalence of syphilis amona the first two million I selectees. This body of statistics is considered reliable because the I chances for poor reporting by private practitioners are removed, B There is an important job of V.D, control to be done in.negro communi-l ties, and to be accomplished it must be with negro leaders participating I in the plans for the job to be done. No program will be successful if 1 conceived, planned and operated from without rather than, by full participa-l fion from within the community* Now that unbiased prov lence rate I figures are available through Selective Service, responsible agencies, fedel state a. d local, wording in the field of venereal disease control, have a I basis f or initial program, planning v itro conn .unities * I The first steps in this planning must be interpretation of the I problems to community leaders and the development of a "Leadership Training Program'!, In our attempts to interpret the high prevalence rates of I syphilis among negroes, we find hit helps to include dr. Thomas barren's 9 explanation that appeared in an earlier- publication. In effect, Dr. I Parron says that the negro race has not been in contact with syphilis as I long as some other races, and as a conscguence its effect differs biologic* ly in them from that in the white group. He further indicates that the I charge of greater promiscuity among negroes as a reason for the increased I prevalence is not entirely true, and where there is promiscuity among blacli or write races it occurs in groups and coimunities of the under-privileged.I That simple statement generally puts all participants at ease and removes I fears of attempts to discredit. J The second step has to do with the expenditures of public and orivate I funds being:made available for venereal disease control, There must be I "a* constant vigilance to insure tne expenditure, of funds in.those- areas - M ■ where there is the greatest need, nil too often tne largest mo. best facilities are established in areas where tney are le;.st needed and/or where they arc least accessible to the •'oople in greatest need of the facillti&s. This means- that con-unit7 leaders, through their committees, ran®* constantly keep public, officials and executives of'private agencies constantI7 inforued of the problems and of tbus -rroas of greatest need, sc that there can constant!" be a shiftily of. Orson cl and re-allocation of funds to the areas rf greatest -need, Then, too, all responsible officials must bo made to regard venereal disease as a health prcblcn and t erefore treat it as1 such, rather than •emitting tbei; to rile a purely ucral issue of tup diseases and consc p.ently look upon at as a robleu to avoid. Tlx Social Protection Division is helpin... to fuse the activities of lawr enforcement, health de-art: nts and social serving a0oncies in an attempt to meet corr-unit7 needs and to eradicate tie diseases to the point where it is impossible to spread them, T1 ese efforts arc not fully meeting the vroblems, especially those 'resented in negro ecu unities, nil too often the standards established for negro communities are lower than those established for white co: 1 -unities, This is evidence & by the fact that frequently, for health reasons, negro communities arc laced Moff limits" to white troops, but in those same communities negro troops arc permitted to be frequenters, If a community offers a hazard for one group, it also offers hazards for other groups. The more appropriate solution would seem to be to see that the community is cleaned up and made safe for all. This brin ;,s us (form to the third and final step. That is tic ; art that military authorities can play in a cornu unity program, by virtue of sheer circu. .stance, military 'authorities can bo the hub around which venereal disease arc prams are 0 un -at tils 'particular m..e, Despite the continuous intensive V.D. education rogram.s beirn con uctddat Hilary establishments, the V.D. rates a- on J negro troops -at must caps continues high. It is significant th t in those Bigs where rates among white and negroes have been appreciably reduced, there has been constant participa- tion in nearby community V.D, activities by ml.-, venereal disease contr 1 officers and tie provost marshals« it a nearby camp where the curve dewnwar . has been sharp in V.D. rates among :ncgro troops, the education program has been based first on the demand f r good health -and physical fitness, and second on racial pride. This ”ih camp” educational -roxaia ns supplem.ented by regularly scheduled meetings of civilian law enforcement authorities, . calth and ’welfare authorities re "re sent in. state and local govern:..cuts, who, 1 ect at the camp to 0: -C- hangc ideas on low difficult problom.s are be mg or can bo .ot. In addition, there is a negro subcommittee in one nearby city, V.eluted by t ..- i...aycr, to help with the V.D, problem in one lec .1 Dgulation, Tne ci: V.D.G.O, is in constant contact v.ith tax committee, working on an over-all program., and in seme instances on iiiuividual cases. To be effective, those hinds of contacts and relationships must be continued., Once every so eaten is only a waste cf time. i-alit'r;r authorities can ..Iso bo v„r;- ..el.iifL bv . .havoc letter civili '.n iicin.q in nepro nehhbcrheeds. One of .the nest frequent coj..plaints v:q near fre-m neqro loaders is teat relating to inaioqvrte, and inefficient policing in no arc sections. Tie sac Oeos for .rate , ublic supervision of b-rs and grills and donee anils, ids, these :,ro civilian responsibilities in terns of c orations, but no erienco '. ns rover-that si to and local officials arc. jnnorallp annious to coo orate ritla nilitarv authority, for ocor.oi._ic anl health rensv. s, the nc_.ro cen unity as - lion's share in venereal disease revol t ion, but the noqrc’s share is inti a tel;' related to that eh tie ...nit ire unity-, i or liha. a tier cc. : nnic- le liso .as lanp as veneral diseases are Tevalci.t in one pr.nin, they are a constant tire at t. oil or ;jrou;s, OCLChhL . p c ill have hriei recess, s CCL. MARSH; The next topic is, "The Educational Activities of the American Social Hygiene Association, Especially with Regard to the Armed Porces." Mr* Blake Cabct, Director of the Division of Public Health Information of that association* Mr, Cabot. - • * MR< CABOT; When I was assigned to speak atthis conference of Army, Navy and civilian experts on venereal disease, I remembered a little story I read in Life Magazine recently, This was one of a series of interviews with a group of United States Hangers who had just returned home. One of them told the Life reporter the story of the colonel who told him to go forward and knock cut a machine gun nest, -Then he began to tremble the colonel said, "What are you nervous about?"J He said, "I'm not nervous, sir, I'm just shaking with patriotism I have been assigned to discuss the .educational activities of the American Social Hygiene Association, with particular reference to the armed forces, I would like to tell you briefly some of our educational work which is aimed at controlling or affecting the habits of the individual in such a way as to protect his own health, and those educational activities which have the purpose of obtaining effective community action* Cur educational work has been of direct assistance to the armed forces, and most of it has been of assistance also to the community, I think that all of the work we have been doing has been designed and has helped to strengthen the venereal control program of the armed forces. It is well known in the control of venereal diseases that the program is, so to speak, indivisible. The program of the mil- itary and the civilian program interact and affect each other. Since the war mobilization the A.S.K.A, has put aside some of the long-range aspects of its program and has devoted its major resources to backing up, .augmenting and helping to implement the war-time ven- ereal disease program aimed at protecting the members of the armed forces, as well as industrial workers, from prostitution and venereal diseases. We work under the eight—point agreement mentioned by the previous speaker, which■defined the activities of the Army, Navy, the U, S, Public Health Service, Social Projection Section, and cur own organization, our assignment being particularly in the field, getting community support and action, I will tell you briefly some of the things we have accomplished, some of the problems-we have had, and. some of the techniques we have used to solve these problems. Early in 1943, in order to meet the war situation more effect- ively, the association decided to set up field or regional offices. Field offices were set up in each of the Army service commands. These were placed in charge of men who had training: in community organiza- tion and public health education. Their job was to give all. possible help to the armed forces and to the communities'. They have operated on the basis, in the first ins-ance, of continuous holding of con- ferences with the venereal control officers in the naval and military establishments in their areas, and conferences with civil authorities, particularly public.health and law enforcement. As far. as the armed forces are concerned, in their conferences with ther venereal disease officers they have helped where- thorf help was asked for in the planning of educational campaigns and programs1' in the various camps and, in- stallations, These campaigns were- for the education of the general personnel and non-commissioned venereal disease officers. One of the things,,we. have’ been doing is to provide a great amount of educational material* Just a few figures: We have provided without charge to the Army and Navy about two million of one 'of our leaflets called, "So Long Boys’,'; over 400 prints of four films, over 65,000 posters, and many other leaflets, pamphlets and posters.in smaller quantities. This was of particular importance because during most of this period at least the men in the camps ,did not have funds for the purchase of educational material. Wo also send our Journal and News to venereal control officers, which has helped I believe as a sort of clearing house of information. Also these contacts and .. :. conferences with the venereal control officers have helped to maintain a continuity of experience in the educational field, particularly since of necessity these officers are changed frequently. The other main Job these men have is to servo as a liaison with the civilian authorities, particularly law enforcement and health, and also with civilian leaders in .the community, with the major purpose . of explaining to the leaders in the community the problems the Army and Navy meet in their control program, and therefore of getting the \ support and the action of the part of the community in such a way that fr-he program will be strengthened. j I would say that in general the community activities are stimulated by our field representatives having.been members of the headquarters staff designed to reduce the number of contacts by servicemen with infected women. The kinds of activities wo have stimulated in the various communities include law enforcement against prostitution, passage of laws where noedod, public understanding of the whole problem, in soipe instances mass blood testing, individual health education, expan/sion of medical and epidemiological facilities, and so oh, v ' ; ’ ■ ■■ " • As a matter of fact, it has boon our experience in most cases whoroj it has been cade clear to the community authorities and leaders that (they have a specific, definite and primary role'to play in assisting the Army,to keep down the number of venereal diseases, that we have gotten action on a bigger scale than ever before, ! Different.methods have been used in different communities, and some new techniques have been worked out or at least improved. As one example, in Chicago where 50$ or so of the Army contacts wore among the colored troops and were traceable to the South Side, our field representative in that area held conferences with both white and negro leaders in Chicago, and they are looking forward to setting up a nogro and white Social Hygiene Committee- that will attempt to meet this particular problem, : . . • Another approach that has "been used in many comuni ties , not only instigated by us hut hy other agencies in the field, has been the intensified campaign using all the mss nedia, with a limited time set for the campaign, and with specific, concrete,, limited objectives to be reached# In Dallas, for example, there was such a campaign which started with a conference between the Army, civilian authorities, business . leaders and social agencies to deal with the problem of the high number of infections traceable to Dallas, The meeting led to the decision to run a campaign. The money was raised, and the business people participated in the campaign, They used the radio and press and put on quite an advertising campaign, using posters, billboards, a tremendous distribution of leaflets, and so on, I donTt know the exact time period, but it was done intensely for the duration of the campaign. We participated in it, and our field representative was in on the planning. We provided material and advice as to the outline, of the proposed campaign,■ Campaigns of this type, as probably most of you know, have been held in Florida, where among other things they used an airplane to drop a quarter of a million leaflets over one of the Florida cities. They have been held in, New Orleans, Nashville, St, Louis, and many other cities. All of them had the aim of strengthening the program of the armed forces. Some of them were initiated by us, by our field representatives, and affiliated societies, and in all of them we participated in one way or another.' Most of them have borne good results which are measurable in terms of decreased rentes of infection in nearby Army or Navy areas and betr.er community programs, centre 1 of prostitution, suppression of prostitution, and so on4 I think this type of campaign will be usedjnore and more and will be an effective method for the future. One other method I think is of particular interest, which wo have used in an industrial city in Illinois near an Army area, At one time there had been 80 houses of prostitution, both colored and white. When the Army came in they were all closed down. But there wasn1t a sufficient understanding of the problem to keep them closed. By now there are about 50 in operation. The Army rate went up and down with the opening and closing of these houses. It seems impossible to get enough citizen support to close them once and for all. Our field representative suggested the formation of an Industrial Health Committee,. which would be formed by management and by labor, with participation by Various other people including the health agencies and so on. This idea met with favor. The leading firms in the town have joined together. Trade unions are participating. The Manufacturers Association is planning to put up the money. They will form an Industrial Health Committee and put on a program we hope sometime during the next year* The objective is to carry out a health educa- tion plan in the firm itself and in the town, We feel with the business community, plus labor, we will .get sufficient strength to do what we had been unable to do before, put sufficient weight of opin- ion behind the drivo to knock out the prostitution, This campaign was based on experience gained in a Brooklyn health project which is still in operation in which the A,S,H»A,’ had sore part in the operation* We found here in innumerable Instances> enormous interest on the part of labor and management in this venereal disease problem as well as in the general health problem. Wo have done a concerted promotional job among the trade unions particularly. At the present time nearly ono hundred trade union papers, with a publication of several millions, have run a series of articles, We are also getting out two manuals, one for *rade unionists and one for management, which will give a very concrete outline on how to set up a venereal control program, with emphasis, on education in industry, I would like to say just a few words on one or two of tho out- standing problems in the field of educational work aimed at tho individual. What jfmaro trying to get the individual to do is avoid exposure, protect himself dewing, and after exposure if he exposes himself, and if both of these fail, to obtain prompt medical care if he is infected. It is difficult to evaluate this kind, of educational movement. In community educational work we can see the work we have done. It is very hard to know what kind of leaflet or film or lecture is going to w/ork,. : : • I would like to road to you another story that appeared in a series' of interviews with the returning rangers, and what one of the boys said on being questioned by the reporter; He said, VFirst- Iowa's in a line company; then I ruined ay. feet. Both my arches dropped in Sicily. Then I was a driver, then a maintenance sergeant, I had lots of fun in Italy, Those girls at Lucrino and Naples, you could lovo yourself to death over there, , I damn-near got married; a nice- looking girl, weighed 110, nice broad hips the way I like then, sc v if she is walking along you could climb right up and sit on tho side if you wanted to, only of course you w ouldn* t want toI read that because it describes probably typically th'e power of tho urge, and in this particular instance in very well-defined terms, ’In this material where we ask them to avoid exposure, we are working up against a very powerful urge, • I think we have to loam, and we are learning slowly, to make our leaflets particularly specific, with clearly understandable object- ives, and in terms of the interests and psychology of the individual, I would like- to mention, as examples of this, the new Army leaflet which has been distributed here, which I think is.a beautiful -example of really trying to meet the problem. Another one is,- nThe Facts of Life’/'i produced by the Third Air Force, I also would like to mention the fact that in our own material now in production we arc trying to apply tfco cower techniques of advertising, of simplicity, of common sense, to our educational work. We are learning to solve a problem which has been posed this way by Dr* John Stokes: "An educational program must rest upon a scientifically examined and sound factual basis. It must be apparent that here the educational agency is suffering under a grave handicap. Fact and theory appear to be two different things. The prunes at the intellectual table of the schoolm’am, and the beer and garlic of the realist*s diet, must somehow be brought together," We are trying to got a'little more beer and garlic into our material* Finally, I would like to stress again that in my opinion our experiences have shown the effectiveness of the concentrated community- wide campaign, making use of all mass media; the enormous importance, now and for the future, of developing industrial programs which will enlist the support of the business community and of millions of trade unionists and of unorganized employees as well; the importance of learning to improve our materials and to use advertising techniques that have been proven to sell, and, as I say, to get more beer and garlic into them, Finally, cur program has been designed since mobilization bo help the armed forces. We have devoted all our resources to that, and we plan to continue to do so until the war is over, COL* MARSH; Another representative of the American Social Hygiene Association, ■ Mr, George Gould, will speak on,: "Law Enforcement and Community Organization Activities of the American Social Hygiene Association Affecting the Armed Forces," Mr. Gould, MR.- GOULD: For more than 30 years the American Social Hygiene Association, which, as ray able colleague Mr, Cabot said, is a national voluntary health organization, has been a working partner of official governmental agencies in the field of venereal disease control. All of us know the Eight—Point Agreement as well as the statement dealing with relationships of the four federal agencies, the U, S. Public Health Service, the Social Protection Section, the Army and Navy, and the American Social Hygiene Association, particularly in outlining their functions and services and how they can work together as a team to safeguard the health and welfare of the men in the armed services and the industrial war workers. Under this agreement the Association has done several things; One, made studies of prostitution and related conditions—those are confidential studies—-in communities hoar military and naval establish- ments, Two, we have studied, made analysis of, and drafted necessary legislation for the prevention of venereal disease and for the re- pression of prostitution. Three, we have assisted in the building up of social hygiene committees referred to by previous speakers as well as stimulating those committees and already existing committees in arousing the public for a better venereal disease program. During 1943 the Association assisted in , the improvement., of I venereal disease control and prostitution laws in more than 27 states. More than 11,000 reports in 1043 "based on 700 confidential surveys in 580 communities were distributed to federal, state and local health authorities who were able to use this information as a basis.in dealing with the problems affecting the members of the armed forces, industrial workers and the civilian population. When I was in law school, our professor made us road numerous cases to understand the principle of law. With your’ permission, I’d like to follow the sane procedure and present a number of cases, or should I say ”situations” which we dealt with in the several states comprising the several service commands. In a southern state in the Fourth Service Command, a state where there were numerous important military and naval establishments,, the Army officials were greatly distressed with the continuing rise of venereal', disease rates. This happened about a year and'a half ago. With their encouragement*—that is, the Army and Navy officials—an Association representative went into that state, made a study, inter- viewed military and naval officials, the civilian population, in- dividuals who were loaders in the population, law enforcement and health officials, and numerous other interested persons. The findings revealed one outstanding thing. The lav; enforcement officials in this particular state wished to do a good job but just couldn’t have the laws-*-*”tools”, if you pleaeo--for their operation for the control of venereal disease as well as for the prevention of prostitution. The findings wore 'placed with the Governor, who took a real interest and called together a conference of the various agencies interested. As a result of that conference, Laws were drawn up and presented to the legislature, I am glad to say during.that legislative session ‘ more than 20 laws dealing with prostitution and venereal disease control were enacted; and I believe they are doing a better job Irecauso they have the tools to work with. In the Seventh Service Command, as sometimes occurs, the relation- ship between the law enforcement officials and the health officials in a particular community wasn’t- too good, The Army had been pampering those boys, if you please,'and trying to got them to work together. Finally a non-official worker of tbo American Social Hygiene Association not with betb the law enforcement and the health officials, and it was just a little thing. The policeman did not want to pick' up any particular person wanted by the health department because he said he did not have authority to do so. We introduced a health warrant which gave security to the police officials, and all the health authorities do now is write out a health warrant and send it over to the police officials and the individual desired is usually apprehended, \ * r ... . In the Third Service Command, which, also is a•very, important naval district, there was a groat deal of trouble regarding the ap- prehension and the quarantine of infectious persons with-venereal disease. One of the American Association representatives entered the situation with the encouragement of the. Navy officials-, and stimulated the citizenry to create a Social Hygiene Committee, We "brought about the establishment of adequately well-equipped isolation hospitals, which, has helped the situation somewhat. In the Eighth Service Command, a community which has been known to recognize a segregated area of prostitution for a number of years was having difficulty and'was a' problem to the nearby Army officials, A non-official worker again was asked to come in and help. Inter- views, conferences, meetings were held, and with the support of the other four official agencies mentioned a moment ago, the city was able to give, up its segregated area of prostitution. In another community located in the Ninth Service Command^—and I think this is one. of the best observations made as to the' law en- forcement techniques suggested by the American Social Hygiene Association—an affiliate aroused the people during the election month to oust their mayor who was interested in maintaining ceditions which wore detrimental to the health and welfare of r-ho men in the * services, A new mayor was elected, When I visited that state, the president of the State Social Hygiene Committee told mo that he had discussed the situation afr.er the new mayor was in office, and here is what the: Venereal Disease Control Officer said to him when ho asked him whether there was'any improvement. He said before- the election 90% of thp infections—that is, the contact, sw-w or a made on a certain street in their particular community; after the election, when the officials wore given support', less than 20% of the infections came from that particular street, again justifying the work of the local affiliate of the American Social Hygiene Association, The Social Protection Section representative again in another community in the Ninth Service Command asked the service of an American Social Hygiene Association representative,"a trained lawyer, to go in and help him work out -a difficult, situation. It appeared that the law enforcement people "hesitated to quarantine or isolate in their city jail—.and rightly so—recalcitrant patients with venereal disease. The Association representative discussed,tho situation with the district attorney who said that there was no,.constitutional right for tho police- officers to do this particular service. Certain interviews were held. It was'determined that there was constitutional right to follow through in assisting the city hospital officials to do their job, but there was need for an isolation hospital or a.detention hospital; and the Association-was able to come in as a non—official agency discussing the legal problems with the 'lap enforcement officials, pointing out the need for their support in this particular program of venereal disease control, Finally and generally, the American Social Hygiene Association . serves as a clearing house of its tested experiences during the last 31 years in the field of venereal disease control. It exchanges, and wishes to continue exchanging its tested experiences with the connunities, with the states and the other agencies interested in this work* I nay conclude that the Association has been able to nake this contribution because of the encouragement of the Social Protection Section Arny and Navy, IT, S, Public Health' Service, other federal agencies, as well as other state and local law enforcement officials, and, of course, the public generally. Thank you, COL, M/LRSH: The next speaker, Police Commissioner Lewis J, Valentine needs no introduction, His topic is, ’’Common Problems in the Ap- prehension of Civilian Contacts as Reported on Forms COMMIS SIONER VALENTI ITS: Colonel Marsh, ladies and gentlemen* I was interested in what.Dr, Brightman said about the parks in Buffalo, and he congratulated the Pork Commissioner upon the beautiful shrubs, You may remember that when General Robertson spoke, he mentioned that Valentine said something about Central Park, Lot’s go back a couple of years,- We have a number of major parks in the City of New York— most cities have~-and they are a great problem to us because of their size and the uneven terrain and the thousands of places cf conceal- ment. I told General Robertson a couple of years ago that Central Pari was probably the largest place of assignation in the world. It still stands. Dr, Brightman-said that their records showed that large numbers of rooming houses, disorderly houses, houses of assignation, were abandoned during the good weather from spring to the fall. Central Park and a number of other parks here are a groat problem to us. It requires a lar 1:0 assignment of polio on and policewomen, but even then it is impossible to control the entire area. We are all concerned, of course, very much concerned, with the venereal disease problem, and it is a huge problem in a city the size of New York, \7o arc uery much concerned about the professional prostitute or the commercial prostitute, but that woman or girl is not the problem that the clandestine or the promiscuous girl/ is to us, the so-called teen-age or ’’Victory girl,'91. You’d bo amazed at our statistics showing the largo number of children.—.little girls—that- run away from homo.. We call them runaways*—wo don’t arrest them be- cause they are so young—-but they are loaded with TNT because a large percentage of them have been destroyed and are infected with those loathesome diseases. Relatively recently, we had a little girl only 13 years -of age murdered in a disorderly house, an old hotel in the lower part of Manhattan, She was killed by a serviceman. She had been reported missing in her home city in Pennsylvania, We take every precaution that we can think of to prevent their being destroyed, I moan by that that we .cover the bus terminals, we cover the railroad terminals, we cover the wain routes coming into the City of New York* but they got here, and each year there has been a larger number of them picked up and a larger number of them found to be suffering from V, D. I have a statement that was prepared for me that goes into this subject "briefly* I don't want to talk .very long because I think that we are running "behind our/time, "but it is interesting, particularly some of the statistics* ,* ’ • • • The problem of suppressing, prostitution while not a new problem with the Police Department,“’has become considerably more difficult due to the war. The vital necessity for protecting members of the prned forces from venereal infection was immediately recognised and the full responsibility of the police with regard to this social protection was fully realized* The need for rigid enforcement of all laws relating to 'Vice was impressed upon all commanding officers of this .Department, particularly where members of the armed forces were concerned. In order to suppler.:ont the squads of the Police Commissioner, the Chief Inspector and Borough and Division Commanders, the Division of National Defense was established on January 26, 1942, The primary purpose of this Division is to act as a liaison agency between the Police Department and officials of the Army, Navy, Coast Guard and Marine Corps, and the largest portion of its work has been in the suppression of-vice conditions affecting members of'the armed forces, Tines Square is a problem.. Go up there any week-end night, Saturday, Sunday, holidays, , The sidewalks are wholly inadequate to take care of the crowds. Anything is apt to happen up there. Thousands and thousands of members of the armed forces of all branches, are there. The great recreation center, the mecca for everybody that cones to New York, and incidentally the mecca for a large number of our commercial or professional prostitutes and for the little girls that we are so much concerned about. I7e have a patrol of policemen and policewomen up there day and night, men and women from the Juvenile Aid Bureau, to pick them up|. but1 unfortunately when we get there they are gone. Then we hold then and send for their parents, and if they are infected turn them over to the Health Department, and then hope, with a prayer that they will stay home; but they won;t. "How-are you going-‘to"keep them-down on the- farm once they've seen Gay Paree?" That's, what happens to the kids who come here, * ' Times ‘Square with, its many forms of recreation and attractions brings thousands - of members of the armed forces to this area daily. In many cases these members go to this area, for their- last fling before embarking for foreign soil. The bars of restraint are let down and the company of a prostitute or other-female of loose morals is sought,- Although some cases of- infection contracted by members of the armed forces undoubtedly are the result of this lost fling in Not/ York City, in many other cases the contact was made before ., -.arrival in this city. The reports submitted by the armed forces through pur.Health Commissioner indicate whenever the contact was made outside of"the city. To combat this evil in the Times Square: area, special patrol I has been established consisting of 12 policemen and 12- policewomen I from the Juvenile Aid Bureau, to work in civilian clothes from P.Mi to 6 A.M, daily, The duties of these members of the Department are to visit dance halls, cabarets, bars and grills, railroad and bus terminals, motion picture houses and other places where service • on are known to congregate or visit. During the year 1942, this unit apprehended 431 girl runaways, of whom 64 were found to have venereal diseases. During 1943, 587 girl runaways flora apprehended, of whom 71 were found to have venereal diseases. Prom January 1, 1944 to and including August 31, 1944, 568 girl runaways were apprehended, of whom 107 were found to have venereal diseases. This indicates a considerable increase in the number of runaway girls and also an increase in the percentage of those having venereal diseases. Runaway girls who are apprehended are not arrested. An effort i made to contact their parents and have them returned to their homes, If the girls are found to be suffering from a venefeal infection, the; are placed in the custody of the Hospital Department of the City of New York until cured and then returned home. The Police Department also cooperates with the armed forces •through the Health Department. HThenever a complaint is received by the Health Department from the armed forces regarding venereal infection, if a known prostitute is involved,’ the complaint is re- j ferred to the Police Department for action and report, In the event the subject is located hut there is insufficient evidence for an * arrest under Section 887 of the Code of Criminal. Procedure, the Healttj Department is immediately notified hy telephone and they in turn invoke Section 343 of the Public Health Law of the State of Now York, which gives the Health Department and health officers the authority I to sieze and detain for treatment any person suspected of having a I venereal disease* . In connection with all arrests of women in the City of New York, they are arraigned in the Women’s Court; and if they are charged with any form of vice of prostitution and we are unable to sustain the charge and the woman is acquitted or discharged, ponding the disposit- ion of the case she is and if she is found veneroally infected, she is forced in. We call it a ’’force in’*. She has been acquitted of the criminal charge, but she is forced in under the Public Health Law into one of our hospitals, particularly Bellevue, and detained there until released by the physicians. During 1942 and 1943, a serious problem was presented by a numerous large hotels located in the nidtown area of the city, which catered exclusively to prostitutes and servicemen. Arrests-have been made of owners of several of those hotels and the practice has been discontinued. In one instance, an action was brought under Article 17-A of the Public Health Law to padlock a premises whan the owner was found to be running a disorderly house. He and his son and his son-in—law were convicted of running houses of assignation and sentenced to jail* This action which was brought by the Police Department was aided by the District Attorney of Hew York County* I understand there was an action brought up-*state— I think in Troy—-under the sane provision of the Public Health Law, and we used it in this instance* Injunctions wore obtained against three owners and two controlling corporations but due to the fact that a prominent savings bank held a mortgage of $457,000 on the hotel, the Justice of the Supreme Court refused to issue a padlock decree for the reason that the depositors and stock- holders would be punished for acts of which they had no guilty knowledge. Completely true* The depositors and stockholders knew nothing about this filthy dump and unfortunately we couldn’t padlock the place for that reason* That is just one of the problems that we are up against, and, of course, as you know, property in the City of Hew York is-so valuable—a hotel is worth upwards of a million dollars— and under 17-A of the Public Health Law we obtained an injunction restraining them from moving a single bit of furniture until this action was terminated; and had we been successful, we’d have padlocked that joint and tied up everything that was in it, and the taxes and interest and overhead would roll on just the same. It’s too bad it wasn't’ owned by the bum that went to jail, •■'■•co to this ruling, the only premises which might be padlocked under this section of law would be a premises own e.d out- right, without a mortgage, by the person conducting the disorderly house. At the present time, there are 17 uniformed patrolmen—I mean by that that on each tour of duty, three tours a day, there are 1/ of these filthy hole's in the City of Hew York—all fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade hotels—that are catering to these teen-age girls and these commercial and professional prostitutes. 17 uniformed patrolmen are stationed in various hotels and rooming houses through- out the city with instructions to- compel all members of the armed forces to show identification cards and leave passes and all civilians to show their draft registration and classification cards. Harass and annoy, hake it as disagreeable as possible for those bums to operate houses of assignation in the City of Hew York, Since the establishment of the Division of national Defense, members of this command have made arrests in more than one hundred different hotels within the city on complaints received through the Health Department that members of the armed forces are being infected in these hotels-. How, we have some statistics here, and this is only '44, From January 1 to August 31, ’44, there were 2,896 arrests made for prostitution within the City of Hew York, How, get these figures. 2,896 arrests. 996 were found to be suffering from venereal disease. That’s more than one-third, ladles and gentlemen, ,34 plus per cent. 2,'8:9-6 arrests, 996 found to be suffering from venereal disease. I jmve the break- down here in every part of the city, every division and- every boroug or part of the. command. I'll leave them here. I won't 'discuss them but it's something to think about: 34 per cent o,f the women arrested in New York City found suffering f-rom venereal infections. Thank you. COL, MARSH: Thank you. Commissioner Valentine,. I’m going to take the liberty of altering the program slightly. Commissioner Valentine dwelt so much on the young teen-age girls, I think it would be highly appropriate to hear from Judge Jackson, Presiding Justice of the Domestic Relations Court of New York, who wiljl speak on "Juvenile Deliquency—A Problem and a ChallengeJudge Jackson. i JUDGE JACKSON: Colonel Marsh, ladies and gentlemen: I am one of the Associate Justices of the Domestic.Relations Court and have been on that bench for the past nearly ten years, but I am not the Presiding Justice* I have been asked to limit my remarks to ten minutes, and I shall* try to do so, I wish to say t am very happy to accept the invitation to avail myself of the opportunity of making whatever contribution I can toward the solution or lessening of the serious problem of sex delinquency, I believe this subject can, and as a matter of fact has been, over-publicized from the sensational standpoint. In such a gathering as this, however, under the official auspices ‘of the Army command, I believe real salutary results can come from such a con- ference, and I commend those in charge for their wisdom and interest in calling it. I wish to make it clear at the outset that I am fully aware that , there are many angles to this difficult problem, I am not unmindful \ of the important responsibility that the church, the homo, and the } * community has in this problem. I might at this time discuss various ■ phases of these responsibilities, for in addition to being a Justice ' of the Children’s Court of the City of New York, I am also Director ■ | of its Bureau for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, I Sat in on j the original conferences on the venereal disease problem in Harlem as a member of the Executive Committee of the Harlem Social Agencies, I could tell you some of our interests on that score. Je have an office in Harlem, a branch of my bureau, in which we deal directly with the children of Harlem, I might say parenthetically that in all the deliquency figure that wo have, I think it is rather interesting to note that there is a slight decline among the female delinquents • of Harlem as opposed to other kinds of dolinquctts, I think it might be interesting if I were to talk about those things, but I am not going to. I am going to discuss at this time under those particular auspices just one phase of this matter. I am 4 going to discuss it as the Judge of tho Children’s 'Court, who gets a lot of these teen-agers and juvenile delinquents*, I am going to dis- cuss tho problem along the linos of some of tho things that some of the' parents or even the girls would say if they were capable of saying it. For that reason I am going to confine-myself to one phase of’ it, tho responsibility of the serviceman and those in command ■o of thorn, I am also aware that what I have’■ to say applies to a com- paratively small proportion of our boys in service. There is much controversy as to how far tho impact of tho war may have contributed to the increase in delinquency and misconduct among minors. Frankly, we don't know precisely. It is a situation which is not susceptible of mathematical statistics. We cannot say with absolute certainty to what degree tho incidence of child and teen- age misbehavior is attributable to the war with its varied ramifications on the home-front, I believe it is fair to say, however, that in tho area of sox delinquency, from all available data as well as from common sense and our knowledge of human nature, wo have a serious problem, considerably aggravated during the war, particularly in tho field of teen-age females and men of the service. ‘Sometimes we are a little overwhelmed or perhaps distorted in our thinking on this subject, with the welter of euphemistic nomen- clature which is so common today—"social pathology,"y "adolescent exuberance"Victory girls",’ and so forth—but as a matter of plain fact, there is nothing glamorous or romantic about this situation. Sex misconduct is still on unadorned, personal, moral wrong, violative of the laws of God and man, and contravening the accepted standards of decent society down through the ages. This is true whatever the age of tho participants, and in the younger female age group, it is ■ known in the law by a very harsh appellation, namely, rape. Of all the sad scenes that I have witnissed in nearly ton years in the Children’s Court of the City of New York, perhaps the most pathetic is that of the young female sox offender who stands before the bench with her indicia of sophistication faded or washed away; a bewildered, frightened, ashamed, debased little girl. I can remember very well,,.a case in which a. girl had run away from a home in which she had been placed by tho court for sex delinquency. She was apprehended about six weeks later and brought before me. She was still a child but she looked old. There was about an inch of black at the roots of .her hair, and the rest was a tawdry yellow. Her eyes were encircled with creased puffinoss. Her mother was completely prostrated. The child admitted -having engaged during those six weeks in prostitution at a dollar apiece with some dozens if not hundreds of men. She explained away her conduct by saying after the first disillusioning experience she regarded herself as a bad girl and that nothing mattered. After this child was treated for syphilis and gonorrhea, she was placed by me in an institution whore I visited some two years later, and even then the soaring effects had not been completely overcome, and she needed many more months of adjustment in the institution. wSm It seems to me to bo a rather strange anomaly that frequently m these boys in’the service- become involved with young'.girls in a dis- ! taht city who, if they wore at home and their sister were seduced by I a male in or ©ut of unifbnn, it would become a matter of family honor! ■ to vindicate that wrong. The same code does'not soeja the apply to. sisters -ofj,other men. / I S' V But of course these points are not stressed and brought home to;'" / the men in the service. They are not prompted to contemplate the aftermath of a casual ,rlark on leave f, but that is. precisely the poirit I wish to make. This should be brought homo to the servicemen. Wo frequently hear the assertion that the Array has fiowar to win, and they ■have neither time nor interest in the personal conduct or morals of their troops. What a superficial fallacy I All of the tanks, guns, planes, ammunition and firearms, all of the great equipment and strat- egy of war are, in the last analysis, entirely and exclusively depend- ent on the men that operate them. Their effectiveness depends on their courage, their respect for authority, their self-discipline, their devotion to duty even at the cost of their lives; all of which is another way of saying that it depends on- their character, their moral fiber. I know that it is true as a matter of fact that.many instances of infection by servicemen are reported as a result of an experience with young girls. The fact is, however, that the servicemen did not know that the girl was promiscuous or diseased or he would have avoided her. His attitude was the same, perhaps, as if it were ho who-'was responsible for her becoming a bad girl. I make these observations, I assure you, not with the purpose of maligning or even emphasizing the culpability of the servicemen. On the contrary, although it is not an excuse■ for his misconduct, there is much lack of appreciation and there is much ignorance, or at least indifference, to the baneful consequence of his act, and heroin, in my opinion, lies the responsibility and obligation of his superiors. The method of presenting this subject to the servicemen not only excludes any emphasis on the moral aspects—the social aspects, the personal wrong of the individual,,tho harmful results to the female involved, with all its implications in her life and the life of her family, the whole question of the'reputation of the service, the pride of outfit, and all that that involves in terms of the morale of the soldier. On the contrary, although unintentionally,,the subject is presented:in a manner which not only excludes emphasis on these moral I .and social factors, it even indirectly condono-s the soldier's misconduct.! The subject is presented almost exclusively in terms of medical precaution, in terms of protection against venereal disease. I want w to mdke it very clear that of course this observation is in no wise ! applicable to .those noble, devoted ion of the Clergy; the Chaplains in'the various branches ofhthe armed service, who are constantly 1 working along thoso lines. But, as a practical matter, this subject is baldly presented, as a rule, directly to the .ion by their superior officers, and presented entirely on the level of safeguarding against disease. I have only reliable info relation which is not first hand, but I believe to" bo .true, that this is the fact in the present war. I know from personal experience in the last?war that this subject was presented in this way by officers of the command, I know, for instance, that the picture, “Fit to Fight was presented not under the auspices of the Chaplain, but as a routine regulation matter, and I recall even now that in that picture, which regains rather vividly in my mind after all these years, there was no reference to any of the moral cr social factors which I have touched upon in this talk. X bolieve, therefore, that a very real and effective contribution toward the control and prevention of venereal disease can be made by the Army command. I stress, as I did at the outset, that this is only one factor in this complex and many-sided problem, but I feel that when the subject Is presented to the troops by their officers—men to whom they have been trained to look up for direction, for leader- ship, for counsel, men who a they have been trained to obey and respect— that if these officers can vehemently and forcefully emphasize and develop the other angles which I have referred to besides the matter of precaution against venereal disease, a very real contribution'' can bo made, for I am confident that; all of the boys in the service have latently, at least, a sense of decency, of respect for womanhood, and of regard for the sisters and daughters of other men. The imorican people have a tremendous, almost awesome, admir- ation add re>spcct for the brilliant and courageous and effective strategy and direction of those in charge of our armed forces. It likewise has a tremendous pride in the gallant, heroic, magnificent accomplishments of our boys in the service. The imorican people, not only!the fathers and mothers, the sisters -and brothers, the friends and sweethearts, but every single American, has a deep, personal, tender affection for ’’G. I. Joe/,1 and for every boy in .every branch of our armed forces. Nothing should bo permitted in anyway to mar this admiration, this respect, this love and affection. COL, ivLNRSHj. The next topic concerns the application of the may met, '*The may "net. When and How'ft Should Be Used. ” Mr , .E. S. Conroy, Special ....gent in Charge, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice. Mr, Conroy. ' MR. CONROY: Shortly after the passage of the Selective Service and Training :fcct of 1940, Congress felt that they should take a hand in the' fight <3ii venereal disease, and at that time there was a conference a'rranged of representatives fromi the "jar and F \vy Departments, the Department of Justice, and the Federal Security Agency, called by the Rouse of Representatives, Committee on Military .affairs. On Juno 11, 1941, a short time later. Congress passed the'May let, authorizing the, Secretaries of War and Navy to call on the F.R.I. to act where necessary, to control prostitution in local areas surrounding mil- itary and naval establishments. The act further provided that where it was necessary to protect the "health and welfare" of men in the service, immediate action was authorized to prohibit the operation of houses of prostitution and, for that•matter,' the practicing of prostitution in any manner. For the first tame Congress had given the Federal Authorities jurisdiction over local vice conditions in an effort to’ cope with this major problem, prior to the passage of the may Act, the F.Bills jurisdiction over prostitution was limited to investigations under the fhite Slave Traffic .Art, which as you know prohibits the inter- state transportation of women for immoral purposes. With the passage of the Way lot. Congress provided for direct control over prostitution in ...rmy areas, even though there were no direct evidence of interstate transportation of women. As a result of the passage of the Hay act, the War Department has authorized any post commander who observes a rising venereal disease rate to request local authorities to clean up vice conditions in the camp area. If the local authorities fail to act, the post commander may report to the corps area commander who, in turn; requests the. Federal Security Administration to conduct a survey. If vice conditions are in reality found to exist, the facts are again made the basis of a report, and local authorities again Will bo requested to take action. If the matter is not given vigorous attention within a reasonable time, the .*my may invoke the, provisions of the Hay Act. Incidentally, there are only two areas in the entire United States where the Hay has been invoked, ' The first military post to come under the provisions of the act was Camp Forrest in the State of Tennessee. Governlent action became necessary when the venereal disease rate among military personnel began rising rapidly. On Hay 20*. 1942 the Hay was invoked; 'making prostitution a Federal offense in'27 Counties surrounding Camp Forrest, Immediately thereafter wo assigned a special squad of experienced men to that area to augment the agents already assigned to the He.mphis and Knoxville officer. The peculiar thing was, though, that at the time that’the Hay „.ct was invoked, the threat itself had a very salutary effect, that is', the threat of an- investigation, and as a consequence, a groat many of these vice haunts closed up in that particular area and, moved into counties outside of the 27 tha-t- had been designated. • A peculiar thing about the prostitution in that area was that we raided a great many houses of prostitution. ■ .ost of then! were just shacks out i’n the.woods. , • ThQ.ro word no sanitary conditions surrounding them at all, and a great majority of the prostitutes who were arrested down there had venereal disease. On July 31, 1942 the second order invoking the May 'Act placed local prostitution under the federal ban in 12 counties of North Carolina, surrounding Fort -Bragg. .1 particularly flourishing business in prostitution was operating at Raleigh, Fayetteville and Lumberton, North Carolina. The aroused citizens, the military Police and the local authorities all cooperated closely with us in securing the evidence and apprehending the’-persons responsible for these conditions. In this case it was found that- most of the prostitution was being practiced by streetwalkers, and the procedure followed at Camp Forrest was not- adaptable to conditions in iho vicinity of Fort Bragg-,'-- arrangements were made with local•law-enforcement authorities to' assist in apprehending all persons suspected■of engaging in prost- itution. They were questioned by * special- agents of the F. B. I., and where sufficient evidence-was available charges were filed under the May Act* Yfe bring up the question as to whether or not the ..ay Act has been successful in achieving its purpose of protecting servicemen from venereal disease/. The answer, I think, is apparent in the fact that the vast majority of women arrested in the two areas whore the May ..ct has-been invoked were found after a medical examination to be infected with one or more venereal diseases, .1* striking example of the wholesome effect of the law is the fact that at Camp Forrest the voncreal disease rate dropped from an incidence of 62 cas’es per thousand prior to the passage of the act to 36 cases per thousand soldiers after the area had been cleaned of prostitutes. The fact that prostitution and venereal disease are closely akin to each other j s more or less patent to most of us, I. know .that in the Bureau’s erifbrooment of the white Slave Traffic .ct, and in the investigation of more than 75,000 cases, a very high percentage of women arrested were discovered to be suffering from syphilis and gonorrhea. In an investigation of a uajor "white slave" ring operating from a Baltimore headquarters in 1937, lb% of those arrested wore- afflicted with one or more venereal diseases, Other cases which the Bureau has handled- show that this high rate of disease : among prostitutes is not an isolated instance. Since 1939 the disruption of the normal American way of life has .made the nation at war more vulnerable•to the practice of prostitution and its attendant evils. But, in spite of additional war-time responsibilities, wo do -fool that the enforcement of the May Act has been something that wo ,aro proud of that wc are able to hoIp the armed force's in keeping as -many men in the ranks ms possible. I thank you, e ' COL. LxRSH: In the -upper how of charts, the next to the last chart shows that among the several thousand patients represented, 5,000 reports or more, a .considerable percentage had been drinking moderately or were intoxicated at the time they were infected. The adjoining chart to the right shows that, with reference to the places of pro- curement, the largest factor is the tavern or restaurant. The next four speakers all are concerned either with the question of alcoholic beverages- or with the taverns as contributing factors to the venereal disease problem. The first is Mr. Alfred Driscoll, Commissioner of the ...Icoholic Beverage Control of Newark, Now Jersey, who will give us Resume of the ..ctivitios. of the New Jersey Alcoholic Beverage .Commission for the Past Six Months, with Recommendations for Future Cooperation.M‘* Mr, Driscoll, MR.. DRISCOLL: Ladies and gentlemen: I am- State Commissioner of the Alcoholic Beverage Control Department of the State of Now Jersey. iTith the possibility, if not the probability, of increased promiscuity in the aionths immediately ahead, it is quite apparent that the finest type of teamwork will be necessary if wo are to keep the venereal disease percentage rate from going even higher than it is at the present time, Yio know that a fairly high percentage of men and women when, they are found to be infected will report that they had boon, drinking, -and frequently they will say they had been drinking to excess, and even more, frequently they will report that they made contact in' a restaurant or tavern or hotel. To a very high percentage these statements will be fpund to bo more or less accurate. In a fairly substantial number of cases, howover, the reports are not accurate. It seems to be a common failing on the part of men and women to say that they were intoxicated when they are found to have a venereal disease and to thus excuse their mistake. During the past six, months the Department of Alcoholic*Beverage Control in Hew Jersey has been endeavoring to profit by the experience of the years during which this country has been at war. Immediately prior to the entry of the country into the war, the State of Now Jersey developed certain procedures which at best nave boon somewhat helpful. First, each area inspector of the Department of ...Icoholic Beverage Control and of the State Police was required to contact the com Handing officer of the various posts and stations.beriodically to ascertain in what way and under what circumstances the State of New Jersey could bo helpful to those commanding’officers. Those periodic contacts have, by and large,:helped us very materially to maintain •a fairly good record in New Jersey,. -However, it would soe.i to be import ■,nt that the commanding officer‘of the post or station, or .tho Provost marshal or the intelligence officer, as the case nay be, be kept .constantly informed by the venereal disease officer. Occasionally we find that there is the sane lag between the medical side of the or Alavy and tho commanding officer that there is in the civilian side between the Health ar*d -police . Depart vents . ; , * Secondly, it i.s pur judgment that the Departments of Alcoholic Beverage Control and'State Police .should participate with the irmy and Navy and representatives of other federal agencies in periodic conferences for the purpose of frankly discussing this whole problem. In other words, the Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control should bo represented on your Social Protection Committee at the state level, and .the local Excise:Board or enforcement agency or licensing agency should be a member of the Social Protection Committee at the ®ity or municipal level. Curiously enough, there appears to bo some diffidence among officials who do not quickly pick up the telephone and talk with the responsible officer or chairman of the committee who was last engaged in attacking this problem. It is suggested that there should be a .material reduction in the amount of “red tape'V and that the various agencies who are together forming the team that is going after the venereal disease problem should got to know each other, and should be if necessary in daily contact, not by letter but by telephone and by personal interview. In conclusion, I would like to say that.our experience in New Jorsoy definitely indicates that the Army and Navy and Coast Guard and Aarine Corps arc well aware of the civilian or social problem, TTe fool over thoro that wo have had excellent cooperation from all- branches of the- armed forces. Not only have they cooperated but they have lent us men and given to us material assistance without which we could not have done as 'well as we have done to date.* Likewise we would like at this time to thank the other federal agencies for the contributions they have made, not only to the welfare of the ion and women in uniform but also the welfare of our civilian population over there in New Jersey-,- COL..mvlRRSH: Next is Nr. R. K. Christenberry, President of the Broadway Association, who will speak on, ;fControl measures Rocommended to Hotel Owners to Eliminate the Hotel as a Place of Exposure*. , .iR. CHRISTENBERRY: I want to preface .ay paper with the comment that as protector of the reputation of Times Square, tho hotels referred to by Commissioner Valentine wore not in the Times Square area. They are not of sufficient importance nor reputation to be considered as hotels in any of tho recognized associations of hotels such as tho Auerican Hotel association or the Now York City Hotel Association* Possibly because I operate the Hotel istor on Times Square, the so-called "Crossroads, of the Aorld", with its constant stream of servicemen from every corner of the-globe, I feel very keenly the obligations of hotels everywhere in helping to combat tho venereal disease problem among; the members of our armed forces.' I am delighted to appear on'this program today and I sincerely hope that my short talk may contribute some- thing of real value. Basically stated, hotels can help to keep servicemen physically clean by keeping morally clean themselves. That’s the objective. The execution is more difficult. But from a more or less casual study of hotels all over the country, I have come to the conclusion that hotels,, both large and small, reflect the attitude of their management toward social problems. In -other words, a strict policy laid down at the top wi 1.1 have tho desired effect throughout the hotel’s staff. But if manage.aont adopts the attitude that things will take care of themselves, this "do-nothing” policy will be reflected in the entire personnel. I consider that wo have been quite successful at the Astor in keeping our house in order. But our success, in great measure, has been due to the splendid cooperation received, especially from Lt, Col. i.cNulty and Lt. Eakin. The capable and intelligent manner in which they handle this problem has made our task much simpler and pleasanter. In this connection, I might say that I have heard of instances in other cities where no such friendly spirit of cooperation was evident. Results there have been correspondingly poor. It is my belief that two of the more important phases in connec- tion with the problem of venereal disease control are excessive drink- ing and promiscuous "mixing'* between servicemen and unescorted women,- Ae don’t mince any words at the rntor in trying to out these two things. Neither civilians nor men in uniform are sold drinks if it is obvious that they have had enough under their belts. Bartenders simply inform them of tho hotel’s policy. But when a serviceman is told "No” it sometimes arouses misguided sympathy on tho part of a civilian standing alongside. It’s the attitude that ’’the boys arc fighting for us and we should let thorn have anything they want while they’re on furlough”. I should imagine that intelligent persons would realize our object, but unfortunately that isn’t so most of the time. • • ms for “mixing", our restaurant staff-and bartenders have very specific instructions on how to handle the out-and-out "pick-up" problem or the more difficult to recognize but equally dangerous instances in which either the 'soldier'or the woman involved start a casual conversation and end up as pals, "-To have on the tables in our bar and cocktail lounges a little tent card which contains the follow- ing message: "JJJ l.STOR POLICY ’ "Wo ask our male guests, both military and civilian, to refrain from- ’mixing’ with unescorted ladies at other tables. Compliance with this request will save embarras- iient to you, to us and to the ladies involved, "We also maintain a most rigid policy regarding the service of intoxicating beverages to minors and to persons under the influence of alcohol. Please cooperate with us in the’observance • of these rules." Of course, this card isn’t the complete answer, but it certainly makes our customers aware of our attitude and it probably nips many an embryo affair in the bud. Hero again wo very often run into difficulty because of the feeling among civilians that anything goes as far as the servicemen are’ concorned. Here’s a specific and interesting case that may amuse you. Some time ago, two ladies wore sitting at a table in our - Columbia Room at a point near whore the stairway comes .up from the lobby. Two sailors, coming up the stairway, smiled at tho ladies, the ladies smiled back, and pretty soon’were in animated conversation. The headwaitor confer .ring with tho rules of the hotel, walked over and asked the sailors not to intrude on our lady guests. With that the two sailors referred to thorns elves as being "t.roated like dogs", being far away from ho io and simply wanting to speak to the ladies, because of tho restrictions at sea, etc., and put 'up a very heartrending story about their loneliness and being cut off from civilian contact. This, of course, aroused tho sympathy of tho ladies and they criticized the policy of the hotel. Hot satisfied with their criticism to tho hoadwaiter, they must have brooded about what they thought to bo an unjust policy and wrote a letter to ,rs, Roosevelt in Washington, H short time lator I had a communication from irs. Roos.ovolt bringing this caso to my attention and infcrentially suggesting that I do something about it. I wrote and- explained the reasons for our •policy and very pointedly called her attention to tho evils of promiscuous mixing. It brought a "Thank you" note back from her. I cite this particular instance to show how hard it is to combat the civilian attitude that nothing is too good for our boys. Certainly they’re correct, but they should realize that this is bad—extremely so. As for prostitutes, we run them out just as fast as we spot them, and we're hiways on the alert. But here's a new twist we ran into a little 'while back. A soldier on furlough registered into the hotel with a woman as his wife, and then started pimping for her. Obviously, , this must have been his previous profession and he couldn't resist the .temptation to earn a little money for himself while) ho was away from camp. Needless to say, we enlisted the cooperation of the Military Police and quickly put an end to this situation. I know of a large chain of hotels in the South which goes to considerable expense to maintain orderly houses and prevent prostitution. It pays $1 to bellmen for reporting women for soliciting or being in a room where they are not registered, and |2 for reporting men who request information as to where they can got a woman. It is my recommendation that more attention be paid by military and police authorities to the small side street hotels which are either careless or purposely don't give a damn in order to create trade. I know specifically of sovarsi'Il instances in which service men, taken into custody, have given the names of respectable hotels in order to cover up the fact that the point of contact with a prostitute was actually in an unrespectable house. In one case, a boy mentioned that he had made contact in a certain room of a certain hotel, which upon checking proved to have been occupied by an elderly lady suffering from a cardiac condition for which she had been receiving daily treatment. Respectable large hotels are willing and anxious to extend every possible cooperation, but we ask only that our identity be kept anony- mous in order to prevent any subsequent kickbacks which might prove disagreeable, \s a .matter of fact, in one case in which we cooperated v/ith the Provost Marshal's1 office from its inception in this area, the case is labeled in your files '‘hotel «.stor Case''1, and a friend of aiine heard the Hotel Astor discussed disparagingly end with raised eyebrows in the Inspector General’s Department in Washington. This is indeed poor compensation for cooperation, I would like to mention another case which shows how cooperation between the hotel and Military Police cm bring about desired results. hotel in a certain Wisconsin city was pretty much plagued with having servicemen check in with so-called "wives*. The whole situation was aggravated by the fact that the city also had a university and was in the throes of a boom, so that .money was easy, and morals the same way. Finally, in desperation, tho management enlisted the aid of .military authorities at the noarby ,.*r..y cam and from that time on all passes issued to men who wore actually going to stop at the hotel with their legitimate wives, were so stamped. This saved the hotel con- siderable embarrassment and pretty much solved what was a moan situation. While the matter of "V-Girls” is a nasty one, they're relatively easy for us to spot and we can handle them pretty well. The police in the Times Square area have done everything possible to keep thorn out .of that neighborhood* and I understand that they pick up on an average of 20 or 30 a day. But the -'‘bobby socks'1 situation, can never bo solved by • attacking the hotels and theaters of the .midtowTi area. In xy opinion, this is a problem that has its or agin right in the home and will only bo alleviated by strengthening religious and family ties. That, plus a better realization by parents that they ..re mostly to bl 10 if their early teen-age daughters wander around the city at night trying to be nice to our gallant boys. In connection with !,V Girls ', I weald like to edition one acre' feet that is important, no frequently h .ve military Balls at the ustor, and we find tint ve h .ve l.ss trouble -vhen it is obvious that the hostesses in.vo be bn c irefully selected and the oh-.pe rones really tike their job seriously, ' Allowing 11V Girls" :.s hostesses will always cause trouble. Incidentally, curtailing the service of hard liquor .~t these ,ff .irs -will also • prevent .barr-i.ssiug situations. In ay travels around the country I h v. spoken - to enny hotelmon and I regrot to state that in s.nnr .l instance 1 discovered th:..t they did not h vo the s io cooperation fro a the ai lit ary police that we enjoy in Not; York. These hotels would a .ke reports cn certain sorvico- lon, but without the backing of tin. proper authorities they would bo reluctant to proceed bo cause of the . possible liability involved.-, I aentinned previously thr t it was sy feeling that the kind of a job my particul .r hotel a ,s doing, wa.s entirely due to the. policy laid down. by the a..nag . lent, I a.. confident that you men who deal with thes proble as c -n e ise your -work considerably by giving the operators of these hotels - prop r understanding of the import mco of their cooperation, md I urge you to do so in overy vay possible. Ihile the iVstor is only one of thousands of hotels confronted with similar situation's, I trust that cur experience nay be of sow concrete use to you. Tn.mk you. COL. m.-J&jh: Th.. next subject is, "How tin St ate Restaurant and Liquor Dealers association Police Its -.embers, end Future Plans to Insist the ,/V.r Depart, nnt in its Fight to Control Venereal Disease," by nr. Rudy narwode. President of tin St.'.te Restaurant and Liquor Dealers association, R, kaRlvEDE; Colonel i.-.-arsh, ladies .md gentlemen of the conferences I wish to express my gratitude for tin opportunity of presenting our * experience in cooper ;ting with the vci.eroal disc ..so program md relating to you how our issooi .tion controls the conduct of taverns, I h'.vo always regarded the vit .1 import men of this subject since I realize as well as you that a sick soldier or sailer is no assot to the service, and on the other hand, I firmly believe that no A orican who enters the servic e wishes to bo rendered- inc-.pubic of performing the duty .xpcct a- of him. Wo have always boon pi eased to1 h ivo tho privilege of doing our ut. ,iost to help tho war effort end I,, tight .nntion that ‘ even b.oforo -our entry*’into v/„r v;o have boon anxiously p-.hticlpating in patriotic drive or charitable on paigrm Our record shows that on' every occ ision' we h;lv.ays , been ■ successful in oversubscribing .ny given quot... set for us in the various drives and campaigns of every nature having for their object the rendering of v.lua.bl. id or service,, for which wo hnv, received a nu.ibcr of awards and citations, • ‘ You lay therefore readily underst and how tucl. .lore deeply vo norc concerned in the p.„rsonal welfare' of tin service .nn, and in this , con- .nocti'Qii I da pleased to say that through cur various county ...ssoci ations wo have boon enabled-to ship .approx! a:at-.ly 50 million cigarettes to provide s6 a person .1 co.afort for our boys ov./rseas. In tho development of our program to go heat tho spreading of social disease end to oliainate it Co .iplately as far -s ny contact, any be obtained in taverns, the officers of bur associ tion and* lyself have diligently worked haraoniously with all d lit ary oo i .andairs throughout th. State and have been 0.1 ert in -ny inti ntion of si .oleaess on ti e part' of the people engaged in our business. • ... lime on file iany- 1 ..udatpry letters from lr. ty nd F ivy co .n. mders in recognition of our successful efforts in this respoet, .t the recent confe rone a.of the association of Chiefs of folic.., tavern ke .p wrs a,r.r com i*end„d for their effective cooperation to s.las to dnors and tho congregation of undeeir .ble characters in licensed premises'. The owners a-.ia p aid tribute f or hwing enfcreed rigid supervision in thwir pre isos to prevent tin existence of any .uns-atisf .ctory conditions. In order that our work in dealing witn this problc.i .ight achieve tho most s-.tisf ..ctory result, a;c h avo Been happy to cooperate with the Conference of llcoholic Be/or .go Industries, the Bro .Ing Industry Found.vbion, the allied Liquor Industries, ..nd otJnr agencies interested in this serious n.ttor. In si.dl ar tiniior, our National ,.T .vom, . '.ssociatiom, of which aa arv — adjunct, engaged in the s aio .ctivities throughout the country gratifying results.. While it has boon our purpose to completely eliminate, any undesirable contacts with service xn in taverns, whether under our 'control or it iust bo ad .itted that the.difficult problc i of juvenile delinquency presents a rather serious situation. It his boon discovered tint where oritiois i h Js been leveled at s;o..io of our establishments* iiavestig ..tion proved that the cont acts in cost c isos wcro /ado o 1 sca/h.ro. One of our most trying sources of trouble* lias in the fact of tho growing difficulty encountered by ‘our p .opla in dealing with juveniles ai s re p ro sentin g their age. It iust la recognized that no reputable business a m with an invest:.ent at st ike, financially and through his labors to develop a business, would willingly jeopardize his -business by encouraging the juvenile trade which is alwav's troublesome and dangerous and wo are convinced that instead of the responsibility being attached to the proprietory or their employees, the blame should be placed where it properly belongs on juveniles overstating their age and presenting fraudulent identifications. Our constant warning to our people is, ’’When in doubt, don’t serve”. We have always been very happy to cooperate with the civil as well as the military authorities to the fullest extent and we would recommend that stronger measures bo adopted in dealing with these irresponsible young people who seem fully bent on creating trouble , and on that matter we confidently hope to engage a greater measure of cooperation from the civil authorities. The tavern has been made the ready target of unjust criticism for many abuses, mostly by individuals who are over-anxious to take any advantage to condemn us because they themselves refuse to believe that we are conducting a legal business by the great majority will of the American people. These fanatics enjoy their own ideas of liberty. We have, of course, to be tolerant such intolerable people, but when we find unfounded criticism coming from the direction of people *uhomwo regard as friends as well as, from the pages of a free press, the case becomes lamentable. From such unjustifiable attitude on the part of some pious gentlemen ’who unfortunately believe condem- nation to be more effective than helpful cooperation and more especially from sensation-minded writers who are expected to intelligently guide public opinion, we can only conclude that such gentlemen are not serving their callings honorably. Any right-thinking person will surely admit that people engaged ' in our business under the privilege of license and secured by bond must be possessed of a reputation that has been accorded to him by the public; otherwise, he could not long remain in business. Humanity being so constituted, we cannot reasonably expect to find perfection in any sphere of life; and if any instance of attempt to evade public responsi- bility by permitting or encouraging association of undesirable females with servicemen in licensed establishments should come to our attention, you may depend upon it that wa shall consider it our first duty to assist in his prompt elimination thorn the business because of our be- lief that regardless of whether ho be careless about his own business he is causing injury to a great industry of which he is unfortunately an unworthy part. Our plans for the constant expansion of our work to gain greater continued respect for our business are well advanced, and you may rest assured that you can depend on our fullest cooperation, COLORED MARSH: Wo will now hear from Mr. Engelbroth, the Director of the Army & Wavy Cooperation Program of the Brewing Industry Foundation, who will speak on, ’’Brewing Industry Assistance in Maintenance of Good Conditions in Retail Beer Outlets", MR« FNj -JLBRETH; Colonel Marshy ladies and gentlemen: As Director of Brewing Industry Foundation1s Army & Navy Cooperation Program, it was with a great deal of pleasure that I found I could accept Colonel Walsoti’s kind invitation to attend this conference and to say.a few words regarding the brewing voluntary effort in cooperation with military and naval authorities* with state and local lav; enforcement officials, with such federal agencies as the Social Protection Division of- the Federal Security Agency, and with such organizations as the American Social Hygiene Associa- tion, in -general disease control insofar as the problem is connected with the retail sale of beer. The title of the subject which was assigned to me for brief discussion with you here today was: "How the Brewing Industry Assists in the Venereal Disease Program", Having been associated with the Foundation now for five years, first as an organizer and supervisor of our industryrs self-regulation program for throe years and for the past two years as Director of the Foundation’s Array & Navy Cooperation Program, I was in a position to question the 'inolusiveness of the suggested title to my talk today. I felt that the title suggested an exclusive interest in the venereal disease control problem when, as a matter of fact, we are interested in any anti-social practices which may exist in connection with the retail sale of I our product. 1 Therefore, in a conference here on Governors Island recently, with Colonel Halson, it was mutually agreed that the subject and title of my discussion with you here today which would be more representative of the Foundation’s vital interest in any anti-social practices found to exist in connection with the retail sale of our product is: ’’Brewing Industry Assistance in Maintenance of Good Conditions in Retail Beer Outlets"* I know that some of you attending this conference today are aware of the scope and extent of the Foundation’s activities because it has been my pleasure and the pleasure of the staff members of both our Self-Regulation and Army & Navy Cooperation Programs to work closely with you from time to time in various sections of the country where problems directly connected with the war effort have engaged our mutual attention. However, I know that at conferences such as these there are bound to b; any number of attendees who, because of their recent association with work of the nature we are discussing today, may be quite unfamiliar with the activities of the Foundation. Therefore, I would like to give you a brief picture of my organization’s activities not only along VD control lines ( as this problem is connected with the retail sale of beer but along the whole line of our activity for the maintenance of good conditions generally in retail beer outlets. But before I do this I would like to point out as emphatically as I may that we of the Foundation are not "crusaders" in any sense of the word; that we are completely extra-legal in our activities; that wo under no cir- cumstances • seek to assume any of the law enforcement prerogatives of any duly constituted law enforcement official whose duties include the enforce- ment of the laws, rule's or regulations projected for the-control-of manu- facture i distribution and retail sale of beer or other harder alcoholic beverages* Wisely enough perha.ps, it is,-.a fact that federal and state laws controlling the manufacture, sale? and consumption of‘beer prohibit our in- dustry from having any director or indirect financial or other economic connection with the retail section of the industry. That, however, does not mean that a brewer can or must disassociate himself from responsibility for the conditions of the retail sale of his product in retail beer outlets the moment it leaves the loading platform of a brewery or of a distributor,- Thus, while wo of the brewing industry have no legal control over our product after it is delivered to the retailer, wc do recognize a social responsibility within the proper confines' of volun- tary cooperation with state and local law enforcement officials, with civic leaders, and with Army and Navy officials in the maintenance' of good condi- tions of retail sale or, failing that, the elimination in complete coopera- tion with all officials of any bad conditions which our constant efforts at education of the retailer to his s-ocial and civic responsibilities have failed to correct, . • • Lot me put it another way. Naturally, the reason we' arc chiefly concerned with conditions in retail outlets is that, the retail place of business in our industry is the so-called -’'’goldfish bowl” of the whole ■legal boor industry. The retail outlet is always in the public eye and it is from the open public mode of operation of a retail outlet that the general public gains its impressions of our industry, good or bad; and it -is our firm intention that wo shall do everything within our legal limi- tations and social consciousness to. see to it that those impressions shall be good as the result of good conditions of sale. This attitude is for the enhancement of the,public welfare but wo arc honest enough to admit it is also for the welfare and continued existence of our industry. The browing industry does not want to be disenfranchised in any section of the country for reason of any anti- social practices indulged in by a few retailers to the detriment of a whole, legal industry, including the law-abiding retailers who, after all, are in the great majority. Mhat are the bad conditions of retail sale, that wo as. an industry arc interested in correcting or eliminating as I have just stated? Generally speaking, those, conditions are the result of either tho willful or ignorantly innocent violation by .retail :rs of laws, rules and regulations governing the retail sale of boor. Specifically, those conditions may be the sale of beer to minors ■, a most glaring violation in our eyes; the sale to persons who have already over-indulged in other alcoholic beverages as well as boor; allowing the presence of persons of known ill repute to frequent retail boor ;outlets ■— this applies most specifically to women of questionable character who may use a beer outlet as a pick-up point of assignation as .well as hotels, penny aretdes, drug store counters or shooting galleries, bus depots, railroad stations, and so forth; general disorderliness or unsanitary conditions. Now* what is the Foundation and how does it cai*ry on its activities in the correction or elimination of the conditions I have mentioned? Vvhnt are its functions? The Foundation was organized nearly seven years ago to carry out a voluntary' program of self-regulation and', to; interpret .the beer industry to the public and interpret public opinion to the that it might bo guided by it to take whatever steps it could legally take in cooperation with law enforcement officials to keep, the .manufacture, distribution and retail sale of its product on a.high plane;„to keep retail beer establish- ments clean, and wholesome places of business and recreation so. as to deserve t’ho confidence and approval, of the public; to protect, the respectable,, law-abiding retailers who,are. in the great majority by socking either the conversion to law observance, or their elimination from the ranks of the industry of those few retailers, that,-permit conditions to exist in their places of business that are definitely, anti-social and who thus are unmindful of both their civic and social responsibilities* As far back us 1936, the brewers began to scrutinize other industrial fields for precedents to guide them in the conduct of their relations with the public. Farsighted brewers realized that, while theirs was no legal responsibility, they must assume amoral responsibility for preventing the injury wrought .to their business by the reckless acts of. a few, . The lawyers had found the. answer to their problem, in tho America# Bar Association with its subsidiary organizations in sbatc and county units. This organization sought to enhance the standing of the legal profession in its relations with the public by setting up and rigidly enforcing — voluntarily — ethical standards for the individual attorney and putting.the public on notice- as- to what they did. Doctors and,dentists are similarly organized. In the huge motion picture industry Will Hay’s Motion picture Producers and Distributors of America, Inc., is at tho helm, just as in baseball where Judge Landis’ authority is a guarantee that tho game will be played fairly and honestly. bo now are tho brewers organized for self-regulation through the activities of the Foundation, ■ - -, This Self-Regulation Program operate?,as follows: - In 15 states, Self-Regulation Committees have been formed by the Foundation, financed by it, and comprised of all the brewers and distributors interested in that market. At the head of this Committee, and directing-its work,• is a State .Direqtor, frequently a former attorney general or a former United States.attorney, always a native of .tho state, who commands the respect of his,fellow citizens. The State, Director is assisted by a Public Relations Director and a staff of field.representatives who are usually highly-trained former-law enforcement officials, - Each State. Committee, through the State Director and his staff, " maintains constant.cont ct with tho civil and military or naval author- ities in a cooperative effort to make certain that the conduct of. tho • retail-boor • establishments to tho, law and tho demand of . public decency and morals . ■ Frequent retailor mootings are held which arc addressed hy state and local lav/ enforcement officials, a representative of the Foundation, and military or naval authorities. The retailers are fully informed as to the cooperation they can give these officials in the proper operation of their establishments. Regular and constant inspections of the outlets are made. If a retailer is found to be violating the lav/ ho is warned by the State Director. Very often, a warning is all that is necessary. In some instances, a warning does not do the job. Wc believe in preventive medicine, but if this doesn’t work v/c have no hesitancy in resorting to surgery. If the warning has not corrected a bad situation in an outlet wo -- rather, the State Director, cites the operator to the proper licensing authorities for suspension or revocation of his license. Cooperation of state liquor board administrators in our self-regulation states in. this respect has been highly gratifying. In some states, where we have attorney gen■■ rial’s opinions to the effect that the procedure is not in restraint of trade, v/e resort to a beer shut-off weapon, the shutting off of bc,.r supplies by brewers and wholesalers to the offending retailer. Believe me, these steps have had a ’ salutary effect on other retailors who learn of them and who may be operating just over the thin line between lav/ observance and violation. Now wc- come to another activity of the Foundation which since the war began has become major. I refer to the activities of the Army & Navy Cooperation Program. As soon as the Selective Service Act b .came effective and our young men and women began to be assembled in military and naval establishments throughout the country, v/c started our Army & Navy Cooperation Program. This Program was designed for cooperation with military and naval authorities for the maintenance of good conditions in outlets in military areas which were frequented by members of the armed forces. It was designed for the specific purpose of protecting the physical, moral and morale welfare of our young soldiers, sailors, marines, WAVEs and l/VACs who might frequent beer outlets in search of recreation and relaxation during off-duty hours. Problems of bad conditions of sale may be solved by a meeting of retailors called by state liquor control authorities v/ith our cooperation to bo addressed by state and local law enforcement officials. Army and Navy officcrs,’ and a Foundation representative. Again, solution of the problem may be a quiet and informa. 1 meeting of authorities and local industry heads called by the Foundation. Lore extreme problems that cannot be solved in this manner require thorough investigation by a Foundation field representative who pla cos the findings before the lav/ enforcement officials who ro asked to tako the more drastic action of license suspension or revocation. This Army & Navy Cooperation Program is now in operation not only in our 15 so-called self-regulation states'but practically all other states by a staff of field representatives working in all parts of the country under my direction, especially in those states where there are large troop concentrations. In the groat majority of capos, our entrance into any local situation is upon direct request of Army and Navy officials, local industry groups, or state and local law enforcement officials. So • successful phas this work boon that the Secretaries cf d and it lias proved very beneficial.- Current lists of prophylactic stations, broken down by state. Contact reports on Form 140, which are reported as com- pleted under "Remarks” on the monthly venereal disease re ort,.-„ .1. think this is worthy of mention because our.headquarters in this way can check ‘ up on the number of form 140’s submitted by subordinate units. Paragraph 2 of this letter states, "An appropriate netati n 'will bee Ado under ’Remarks” on the monthly report on venereal disease to show th t report of contact on venereal disease form 140: was initiated for the now c,.ses reported”. . Ampthar.directive is on the use of sulfathiazole prophylaxis by mouth, combined with central chock-in and check-out system, ..Iso, list of regula- tions pertaining to venereal disease control for use as a ready reference. And, letters containing extracts of conferences, stressing recent developments and trends, ro-emphasizing certain tried and proved methods, and so forth, „The statistical Health Summary is published weekly by Eastern “Defense Command Headquarters, and is a comcand' report which deserves especial mention because it is one of our best methods of disseminating information, calling.attention to War Department regulations, giving a . instructions, pointing out deficiencies, and so forth. By way of the summary, letters, indorsements■and telephone conver- sations, t-'orough emphasis and re-emphasis have been placed upon such routine and fundamental subjects as "Cp.-mand responsibility of venereal disease""Education by-means of lectures, films, fe nestrations, pamphlets mad posters", unannounced physical examinations, the use of individual mechanical and che'r.lcal prophylaxis • and method of procurement of kits, suggestions as to use of "off limits1’f andpunishment for failure to report, Genoreal remarks: In addition to ,11 of the methods for venereal disease control mentioned today and those methods not mentioned, the end result cannot be attained unless line officers as well as medical officers are willing and anxious to spend time and effort, educating the . men and selling them on the use of individual prophylaxis_ and so forth. Too often and’ I believe in the majority of cases, medical officers think of venereal disease education twice a year, and when the required lecture has been given to as i.-any men as can be herded together, the officer gives a sigh of relief. Venereal disease rates are directly proportionate, to the pride, discipline and morale in an organization’,, and this is level wel only by constant, projected and painstaking effort. i Although venereal disease is a command responsibility, it is the responsibility of the medical officer to advise the com.ander of adverse conditions and recommend corrective measures. Tads factor has been emp' asized within the Eastern Defense Comnnd. In addition*, we have attempted to have our medical officers develop a closer relationship with local health authorities. I consider the question of venereal disease control similar to that of an old dam with a few recurring leaks in it, which if not plugged would enlarge and cause the structure to eventually break, where if constant and diligent care is given, and the holes plugged as they occur, the dare cannot only be maintained in good condition but may be improved, COLO;'.EL d.ASh: One of the things that wo have to contend with in the Second Service Command is the ublished high .rate of venereal diseases which on paper gives us a black eye. You heard Goncreal Terry say this morning that as far as the troops actually comprising the Second Service. Comandwere concerned, the rate was low. One of the biggest contributing factors to the high rate of the geographical area of the Second Service Command is the New York Port of Embarkation, There -gain, I don’t think, the New York Port of Embarkation is responsible for its high rate, and ■ Major Schwartz, the Venereal Disease Control Officer of the Port, will explain to you; where ’the high rate is coming from. MAJOR SCH.l.RTZ: Colonel Marsh, ladies and gentlemen; I ax: going to limit my talk to a Hscussion of the Venereal Disease Control Program, for troops passing through the Nov York Port of Embarkation to overseas theaters. These are the troops that Colonel Marsh, I think, referred to primarily, and I think the statistics that I will -give you will remove the black eye from the Second Service Command. The program in effect for our station complement or permanently-assigned troops is similar to programs in operation at other army installations. As you know, a port of embarkation is responsible for overseas troops from the time they arrive at a staging area until the time they are debarked at an overseas theater of operations. Venereal disease control for these troops has three main objectives. One is to decrease the number of troops wjthdrawn from: shipment because of a venereal disease. The second is to reduce to a minimum the number of troops arriving at an overseas port with acute symptoms of a venereal disease. The third is to reduce the number of cases of venereal disease acquired while at the staging area, ■ ‘ • I ' .. . Now, at the staging areas, troops are medically processed before embarking on transports, to the short stay at the staging area, cases of venereal disease must be detected promptly. For this reason, we inspect all troops twice, on arrival and on departure, actually, Army Regulations require only one inspection within 48 hours of embarkation, Me have found, however, that an inspection Mm.edlately upon arrival at the staging area permits us to detect communicable disease, obvious physical defects and venereal disease that would otherwise not be found until the inspection prior to embarkation. The number of cases detected at the staging areas amounts to 1,5 per 1000 white troops and 22 per 1000 colored troops. Now, these figures, of course, are net comparable to the ordinary rates because ordinary rates have a time basis, but since these troops move in and move out so quickly — a whole division may stay just a few days — I thought it would bo bettor to resent these as just overall figures on a basis of per 1000 troops passing through the port. These figures, again, aiql,5 per 1000 cases found among white troops at the staging area and 22 per 1000 colored troops. Those rates include both new and old cases of venereal disease — which, again, is ■ little different from the ordinary rate, but to evaluate the complete problem at the staging area we must include old cases because they usually present a greater problem than the now cases. These are high rates and reflect the fact that overseas troops receive furloughs just before moving to"the port. Some men contract a venereal disease as a "last fling" and sope are careless because of the mistaken impression that vcncreals ar~ net s nt overseas. All cases of venereal disease are hospitalized for treatment .and are not treated on a duty status. Cases of gonorrhea are treated initially with penicillin. This procedure' was authorized by the Surgeon Genereal because of the urgent need for delivering troops overseas in condition for duty as expeditiously as possible. ■ Venereals arc. selected for shipment by ttm staging-areas in accordance with specific instructions fri the bar Department. he ship all vencreals except for the following: he do net ship chancroid or undiagnosed penile ulcers, he- do not ship primary and secondary syphilis unless -two in jeetions of can arsenical have been administered, be do not slip, gonorrhea with coroplic tions. And we do not ship granuloma inguinale and •IjTnphogranuloirid venereum. In gone re nl, this means that we .send all vo no reals who with proper treatment may be expected to’ bo asymptomatic by the time they arrive at cn oversdas port. You nay bo interested to know that the number of cases embarked amounts to 1,3 per iQOO white troops and 17.5 ’xr 1000 colored troops. The number of men withdrawn from shipment,bee.axise of venereal disease is .08 per 1000 white troops and 3*5 per 1000 colored troops, host of these withdrawals arc subsequently reassigned and dlipped with other units. All active vencreals selected for•shipment -Tu hospitalized on the transport at the tine of embarkation. Kc have an .arrangement whereby the names of voncroals are checked on the loading rosters and these men are pulled out at t ic gangplank and sent to the ship's hospital. If there is not sufficient space in the hospital to accommodate the- vencreals, a. section of the ship is selected and designated as part of the hospital area for the duration of the voyage. This•plan of locating all voncroals in.one area on the ship facilitates treatment and observation of these cases. On the transport, cases sent on for observation are checked daily. All now cases detected on route are hospitalized. Cases of gonorrhea are immediately treated with penicillin. ••Cases not. responding within four days are retreated with a second schedule nf penicillin. Cases developing penile lesions cannot be treated unless a dark-field examination is positive. On ships that do not have microscopes, men with penile ulcers must be held untreated and delivered to the Surgeon at the port of debarkation, The number of cases detected at sea amounts to 1 per 1000 white, troops and 11.5 per 1000 colored troops, These.- figures include both diagnosed and undiagnosed cases. You can sec there immediately the problem, th.-1 conies up. when we send a shipment that has largely colored troops. Sometimes a ship will go out with as many as two or throe thousand colored troops, which .moans that the treatment of voncroals .on route is the biggest job on the ship. On the transport, it is often a difficult roblom to treat all men with syphilis registers. About 4 per 1G00 white troops and 83 per 1000 colored troops have s-pphilis registers. It is .customary for the Transport Surgeon to notify the unit officers of the tii e and place of syphilis treatments, In turn the unit officers send their ..on with syphilis and their resistors to the Transport Surgeon, at ties a considerable amount of checking must be done-to be fcort?in that .11 men i ith syphilis receive treat cnt. On arrival at the port of debarkation, the Transport, Surgeon refers for hospitalization all cases who*are symptomatic at the- tii:.o of debarka- tion, All others arc sent to duty v:ith their unit's. The number of men requiring hospitalizai&on for venereal disease at ports of debarkation amounts to ,‘25 per 1000 white troops and 4 per 1000 colored troops. Only 2% of the venereals embarked from the New York Port of Embarkation are debarked as venercals at overseas ports. On returning to the York Port of Embarkation after a voyage/ • each Transport Surgeon brings back venereal disease contact reports of cases that developed on his outbound voyage. These reports are then forwarded to the health departments for investigation. While the troops are at the staging areas, efforts are made to reduce the number of their contacts so that fewer cases develop on route. Passes are.short and infrequent, and prophylaxis is stressed. Oral prophylaxis with sulfathiazclo is used for £.11 units with high venereal disease rates. Comparatively new as a venereal disease problem for the Port is the management of rotation troops returning from overseas. Tim,so troops stay in our staging areas for 24-36 hours and are then shipped tc reception stations in the interior where they, are to receive 21-day furloughs. In the interest of public health, it is important that cases of venereal disease among these troops should 'have adequate follow-up observations before being given furloughs, we have instituted a procedure for relaying informa- tion about, venereal disease in these units from the Transport Surgeons to the staging ar,as and from, time staging areas to the respective reception stations. As a result of tills t-ye of notification, the necessary follow- up observations may be commietod before" a man who has been under treatment for a venereal disease is emat ted to go on furlough. From: the ..rmy point of view, a vcnerc 1 disease control program, should result in a decrease in non-effectiveness because of venereal disease, ho feel that our work at the Port has been of assistance in attaining this objective, COLONEL iRSI.: "The Venereal Disease Control Program. in the air Corps" will be discussed by Captain Yohe, Venereal Disease Control Officer of the ..rmy Air Base, i-itcm.cl Field, CdPTAIF YOI.E: Colonel harsh, ladies and gentlemen: I am the Venereal Disease Control Officor at Litchel Field and this discussion of mine doesn't come from the Surgeon or the First Air Force, but from: the directives I'll make an outline’that I think is fairly representative of what the Air Force is trying to do . ith the control of venereal disease. The venereal disease program -of-the Air Corps can be divided into three parts for Purposes of -discussion: • first, education; second, coopera- tion; and third, administration.- Under all these phases the venereal disease problem is approached with a non-punltivo attitude. The education?.! program is so constructed that it will -include all personnel, both officers and enlisted non. That part is important in the dir Force because I believe we have a larger percentage of officers than any other branch of the Amy or the military forces. This instruction includes the subjects of human anatomy, mostly of a genital nature; epidemiology of the venereal diseases; the methods of transmission .of those diseases, symptoms and the course of those diseases as outlined to all personnel; and a gonereal idea and a statement of the effectiveness of treatment is also given in the lectures. Emphasis is placed upon prophylaxis, which includes, first, continence; second, the locations and reasons for pro-stations at local stations and in adjacent service commands — there are printed directories of those stations in the larger populated cities that are put out, in my instance, by the Second Service Command; also, the reasons for and the proper use of the pro-kits, me lay particular stress on that because of our venereal rate which we know is highest with the men who liav> been on three-day passes or furloughs. All methods of instruction arc utilized, such as lectures; films obtained from the Second Service Command, from Public ‘Health, from any source possible if they are new .acceptable films an*, 1‘iL.,-strips.. Charts and blackboards are used; models; and slides cf venereal disease lesions arc used by the medical Officer, in which the nodical Officer always explains these lesions to the personnel; the distribution of pamphlets and posters; and venereal disease sub-control aides who have had special training in V,D. control. This is a particularly valuable aid, and, in our instance, especially with the colored personnel. f ' be have had the best success with men who have been well-liked and it is not a makeshift affair '...Tien they are appointed as aides, They must be intelligent non. An appropriate 'place is selected for instruction ’so that tnere -won’t be a lot of distraction. It is desired tint the lecturer himself have a genuine interest in bis subject. This educational program is a constant and sustained effort, making use 'of it at every opportunity. The program also emphasizes the cooperation of both 'the military and the non-: Hit ary. The military as-ect includes the cooperation cf the commanding officers of both station arm individual units; cooperation of the provost marshal and the chaplain, and also the surgeons.cf the separate units. The S; ecial Service Officer should cooperate in hoi :>ing to provide essential instructional facilities; also a recreational program for the- personnel when off duty. Cooperation also includes thm. proper reporting of contacts in the new V.J. cases and the folic of these cases and the reporting of all suspectM V.D, cases. If you have all the cases that arc suspected- and the men know they are going to be reported, they '..mill pay more attention to their prophylaxis and avoid Venereal disease, monthly meetings of the V.D, Control Board, This is the mothod by which we got in direct contact with the commanding officers of mil units and the chaplain, and the reporting -f call aispected V.D. cases« If you have all the cases that are suspected and the i.,.en know they are going to be reported, they will pay more attention to their prophylaxis and avoid venereal diseases * ninthly meetings of the V.D. C ntr 1 Board4 This is the method by which we get in ’.irect contact with the • commanding officers f all units and the chaplain, provest marshal and. other interested • fficors. The ff limits11 re strict! :n needs the cooperation : f the military if.it is needed. Interchange of venereal ’.isease control ideas am- nr Air F rce. stations, bo have our own conferences, peri die conferences in the Air Force, where we hold meetings, and not one d'gy like we have here but one week of it. . e rot saturated during that meeting- but we do get helpful iieas from everyone in the treatment and in the 0 .ntr61 of venereal disease. The cooperation of the non-military aspect is btained t a great extent thr ugh the public health auth rities who are personally c ntacted in each individual local district. Prompt informative contact reporting is cf paramount importance. Representation of Public’ Health, Alchclie Beverage Control B ari and the D.A, .ffice at Venereal Disease 0 ■ntr ;>1 Board Confer- ences, Representatives of these non-military organizations are invited in, and they do cooperate and send a representative to our Venereal Disease C• ntrcl Board conference and. the problems’ are discussed with them; and they help us with what they want us to 3 revi le as t inf rmation about difficult problems of taverns and so forth and any concrete informati.n if our venereal disease report shows procurement has been in one particular place or one particular section more than it should be; and that place is visited by the provost marshal and the Venereal Disease C>ntrol Officer, as a rule, be also have conferences with civilian organizations to increase public interest in venereal -disease control. Now, the a Iministrati n aspect f the venereal disease control re- grain is manifested by intelligent and prompt f ■ How-up of all V.D, cases; the isolation and restriction of infective cases; a smoothly working V.D, Department• If the V.D, Department and clinic ars working smoothly and cases are followed up thoroughly and in every case there is more interest in the post, your station becomes more V.D, conscious, -The regular unannounced physical inspection f personnel is an aid in keeping the V.D, question bef to the personnel, be endeavor to individualize each V.D, control program tcv suit the situati :n for that station and community. That takes in instances where we have staging areas, like litchel Field, hen come in and gp away quickly. Those men all get a lecture immediately on arrival and are warned about our heavy V.D, rate in the civilian population surrounding latched Field, and we have had pretty good results,_ There is the other problem of other men returning from overseas that touch at .Atlantic City and are sent on 21-day furloughs. These men have to be warned ,.f the high prevalence of venereal disease in our civilian population in order tc. keep it clown. That is where the largest rate in the Air F rce is increasing; the rate is increasing- more rapidly in that class f individuals than the others. Thank you. COLONEL L.e.RSH: The next Speaker is the Venereal Disease Centre! Officer of the Second Service Ccnjrand> who will speak on, ’’Plans for Routine, Periodic Conferences Venereal Disease Control Officers, Representing Ground Forces, Service F roes, Air Eastern Defense Command, Ports of'.Embarkation an I Navy”, major Altshuler* . I dJCR ...LTSHULFit: Colonel marsh, ladies and gentlemens The problems .of venereal disease control,are so broad and complicated, interlockin’ and far-reaching, that t discuss these p? >blems in the tide allotted wnl; be impossible, 1 woul 1 like, however, tc discuss some innovations that we are trying out in this service command with apparent success. Vending machines; vending machines f r individual ■ r phylactic materials. Several f our installations are new equipp'd with vending machines. for prophylactic materials. These are male available in day r.oms, post . exchanges and places f assembly on • the post, It is our plan to have then installed off the post in waiting rooms, men’s rooms, certain clubs where enlisted men frequently-assemble,. The yen:ling machine is designed to held four -different typo packets. There should be no problem for the vending of the mechanical prophylactic materials. The individual chemical prophylac- tic packet or Pro-Kit presented a pr Mem for a short time, but the vending machine people have some sort • f pastebrarI container s that the vending machine can be use'1, I think the c st of these pastob ar 1 containers is two for a penny. You probably noticed the vending machine in the lobby when M . you came in, Nw, wo are n.:t in the business of von ling machines; we are net trying to recommend that particular vending machine; but that is the wily one we know is available at the ' resent time, Under the provisions of Paragraph 10I, AR 210-65 these may be purchased through the Army Exchange . Officer on your post on your recommendati. n, Now, we have been in touch with the .Army Exchange people at 52 Broadway, and they said that the purchases coul! bo marie on the rec irmenRation of the /.my Exchange Officer, * The thin,.-:, I think, t.. remember and t o be warned, about is the chang- ing .of those prophylactic materials. They .should be changed at frequent intervals so that items which ray have deteriorated through age may net be sold, be have also the individual prophylactic items. These are made . available at our larger prophylactic stations which are located at Pennsyl- vania Station, Grand Central Station and Harlem H. spital. The Pro-Kit, that is the individual chemical prophylactic packet, is recommended for this type of distribution. However, b th types are made available, but we understand, that soon the S.G.O, will not make the mechanical type .available, an the chemical type will be the one that will be used for issue* A Now, some of you may be curb us to know how they are issued* They are H Issued by the kedical Supply Officer under the provisions .,-f Para ;raph " 23 I (2 ) (b) 3, AD Circular No, 125, dated 30 march 1944. It states that if a .unit ! es not have a unit fund.,- these pr ..phylactic items may be obtain- able by just stating that there is no unit fund. In the preparation of our nextofficial list of prophylactic stations, we will include the names of these stations in which prophylactic items will be available to the enlisted men upon request, I would like to say a few words about the Pro-Kit or individual prophylactic packet. You probably all know about it. This packet consists of 15% sulfathiazole and 30% calomel. It was developed and used in Liberia with great success. The marpin of error was less than 1%. We feel that it is the nearest, item we have to a perfect individual venereal disease prophylac- tic, It has these advantages: It is a single tube affair, is readily available, painless, not complicated, riot messy, and can be carried by the individual so that it can be used immediately after exposure. A wash cloth saturated with scar is inclosed in the packet with' an instruction sheet written in very simple language. By an intensive educational program and the making of the Pro-Kit available, we believe the use of the prophylactic station may to some extent be eliminated. The cost at the present for a prophylactic treatment at our prophylactic stations is far in excess of the • cost of a packet. In fact, we have kept figures on the cost of one prophylac- tic treatment in our prophylactic stations, and wo find it runs to llB to $20 for one treatment, and I think the packet runs to four or five cents a packet, * We have started a venereal disease control aides school. Now, we don’t call it school; it is called conferences, a series of conferences. Paragraph 22, AR 40-210, dated l6‘September 194.2, places the responsibility for venereal disease control on unit commanders. The Surpeon, under the provisions of this regulation, initiates and supervises, and the commanding officers put into effect measures designed to • revent the occurrence of venereal disease. The specific objectives of these measures are the reduc- tion of venereal exposure, routine use of prophylactic methods during and following possible exposure to venereal infection, and the education of personnel under military control, with reference to the ■ revention of venereal disease, and early segregation and prompt treatment .of venereal disease. To assist the unit commander in the discharge of.his responsi- bilities, we are holding several conferences for enlisted men and non-com- missioned officers to indoctrinate them as venereal disease control aides. These conferences are being held at the Regional Hospital, Fort Monmouth, New Jersey. We believe that actual venereal infections would reach a low level if every soldier really knew and understood all the facts relative to the spread of these diseases, the damage which sometimes results to vital organs, and the complications which may occur even under ideal therapy, as well as the necessity for adequate prophylaxis should exposure to poten- tial infection occur. This premise necessitates an educational proprap. comparable in sco"-e and let ail to other instructions given to soldiers rela- tive to proper use of protection from gas attack by gas masks or the use of rifles and machine guns in attacking an enemy-held position. Each confer- ence period covers five days an.I is limited to twenty-five members. Sub- sequent conferences are held every other week. We recommended that the commanding officer of each company • cr similar unit select the men with the followin'- qualifications: We would like to have men who preferably are not qualified for overseas duty, have qualities of leadership, arc well liked by associates,eviace interest in the work an! have a good educational background. The course of instruction is c uiductod on the -enlisted man's level by' c mpetent medical officers• The courses place emphasis n the foil., wing: cause, prophylaxis' and treatment of the veneral disease; effects of venereal disease on future health; complications and ramifications of the venereal lisease; dangers inherent in neglect, self-treatment, or improper treatment; venereal prophylaxis, mechanical, chemical, and the operation of a venereal prophylatic station; proparati n of ID LD Form 140, (Report of a contact of.venereal disease.), Venereal disease contr 1'aides -on completi n of this course of instruc- tion receive a certificate of g residency• They sh.uld be able t > return to their company and assist the unit venereal lisease control officer in the educati- rial program. Ho can, by talking to small groups or by personal contact, speak to the enlisted men, and tell then the plain facts at ut the venereal diseases. The venereal lisease contr.1 officer will also find that these venereal lisease aides m y be of some assistance in obtaining information for the Perm #140, Experience has taught that enlisted men are sometimes reluctant t give information t an officer, but will give .the information to trained enlisted men who have the confidence f other enlisted men, with the proper ap_ reach. In conclusion, X would like to mention the subject of my talk. I started to prepare this talk with reference to a joint Diceting of all of us, all the V.D. Control Officers representing the vari us. units, X thought it would be nice tj get together and listen to our problems an I see if we can’t help each other out, but X guess the War. Department anticipated some f ur thoughts; as Section VI, l.D Circular #36?, dated 9 September 1944, entitled "Joint Army and Navy Disciplinary C-nt.ro 1 B ar l", has been issued by the bar Department an", deals with this subject, bo have n.t received a copy of this ■ circular as yet. The Security and Intelligence Division have been good enough to make an extract cf a copy that they hare received, available'to us, ■I would like to' read the provisions of that section: "In order to provide a vehicle to assist the responsible -urmy and Navy commanders. in effecting closer coordinaten of their respective law-enforcement agencies in the reduction and suppression of conditions inimical to the morals and welfare of service personnel, the tar and Navy Departments have agreed tg the adoption of a formal agreement to effect formation of joint Army-Navy disciplinary control boards, . Such boards arc to be'provided ‘for each large community or center, of population within the c ntinental limits f the United-States where service personnel congregate. These boar .s are t ' aid the i.rmy and Navy in discharging their responsibilities under the Sight-Point Agreement, The j boar .Is will also serve as boards : f hearing available to the .venereal public," New that is as much as we know about it. The boar.Is have n.t been formulated, be don’t know what their functions will be, but we understand the biggest function is the off-limits feature. One group places an establish- ment off-limits — an thor gr-u* moves into the same location and does not recognize this 11 off li lt" order, This leaves 4the civilian wondering what it is all about since the ..my and Navy are both military as far as the civilian is concerned. Thank you, COLON; OL Addon: ky talk this afternoon concerns itself with the preparation • of the hi) ID Form 140 (Report of a Contact f Venereal Disease) and an analysis of 5*933 reports of contacts causing venereal infection in soldiers covering the period January 1 to June 30, 1944* inclusive, v The initial attempt to obtain a history should be made by the medical officer and not by the Provost Marshal, since these rev orts are epidemiolo- gical reports and not police reports, 4s physicians, wc are interested in finding the source of infection so that the infected individual may be prevented from infecting others and may be placed, under treatment. In event of failure to obtain a history, repeated efforts should be made to obtain the history. Venereal Disease control aides have been utilized and have beer successful in instances where officers have failed. Venereal Disease Control Aides have been trained to be tactful in obtaining histories. Prior to taking of the history, the patient should be oriented as to the confidential nature of the report, disposition of report and tho ultimate results of the history, C ntact histories should be taken in private and not in open wards and effices where other personnel are present. Patients should be sr ecifically told that contacts named will not be arrested or prosecuted, except prostitutes. This idea is quite --revalent among patients, Distribution of ID kD F m 140, a, Original will be sent to local or state health officers of competent jurisdiction. In this connection, the City of eilminptpn, Delaware, has requested that these contact reports be sent directly to then, b, many local health officers are only part time and may n t be competent, Therefore, if local health officer is unknown, send report to State Health officers and not to local. Our reason for this is best ex- plained in our experiences at one of our nearby pests, I. history.was mailed to the local health officer in a very snail community. This resulted in a town meeting with open discussion of the contact and a ruling that she be run out of town. Yet, this c ntact was the wife of a.soldier, 4 history with remarks that the soldier could identify the contactfs place cf employment was mailed to a local health officer. Arrangements were made to have the soldier report to the health officer and point cut to him the contact. The health officer then proceededtt take the soldier to police headquarters where soldier was asked to sign arrest warrant and refused. These examples are extreme, but serve to show the need for proper distriubtion cf Forms 140, many medical officers, when they are unable to obtain the name of the contact, exert very little elf .'it-in dbbaining the remain'lor of the hist- ry* If name is unobtainable, a comr-lcte description should be obtained., since the same contact named in an thor re;art may be identified, Occasionally, i lentification is made from -the lescriptivc features and ;; lace f encr unter or employment* ■ , Name and address of places of enc-;unter r procurement are articula rly imr ortant since many histories living the name and address;, 'irect attention to the place and contacts may be identified from the descriptive features * The preceding also applies to place of exposure , Histories should not be limited to one contact. If a patient names more than one contact, the names should all be submitted on a separate f- rm and all histories be as complete as possible. There is a tendency on the part of scine medical officers to obtain one history and quit. Remarks should be used f r pertinent facts only, not Id r Mn further information available"; should include inf- mation such as MContact being investigate 1 by private N.D."; ‘bolrlior can identify place cf encounter, or home of contact"; "soldier will got in touch v/ith c. ntact"; "further informali- will be forwarded in second report", be have made an analysis of 5*933 reports f contacts causing venereal Iseasc in soldiers cowering the period January 1 t<; June 30, 1944 inclusive. The charts you see on the -wall are based on this analysis and the data are very interestin’ . It will be note! that 18 communities pro contributing 78% of the venereal infections in this Service Ccmman On the basis, of these data, we fin! there are four outstan :in.;p problems ether than the problem of prostitution in the solution of which y-.u, as civilians, can definitely help by means of your personnel an’ your interest. They;arc as follows: 1, Infections in colored troops 2, Pick-up or victory ’iris 3, Rooming he uses -or ho tels 4, Taverns, -restaurants, bars Chart 1 shows the Second Service Command ‘Venereal Disease rate _er ■.thousand per annum. The solid black Lars shew the rate for colored troops, the rod bars shew the, rate f- r white troops, It can be readily seen that the rate for colored troops is out of all proportion as compared t6 white .. j i troops. Chart 2 entitle 1 "Type f Contact", shows that 54k of the sources f venereal infections are the so-called "pick-up" or "victory girl", I understand that a new name has been given this grow, by this office, and that is "patriotutes", This, I believe, is- our nm-st serious problem!* I can offer nothin.* tangible for the solution of this r diem, ; y thoughts on this matter, however, are several* he must ask ourselves; "Is it a problem of juvenile delinquency?"' "Has the school failed *— or the church?" "How about, the parents?" "Are the parents taking the proper interest in the welfare of their daughters?" "How many m thers know whef'e. their daughters are when away from home?" " Chart 3 entitled "Place of Exposure" , Forty, five per cent are exposed at home or rooming houses, twenty six per sent in'hotels and ten per cent in the auto and trailers. The biggest problem here, is the rooming house. Chart 7 entitled "Place of Procurement or Encounter", "he find twenty nine per cent of sources of infection,are packed up in taverns, restaurants and bars, and twenty per cent in the street, which brings up problem No 4* "Ahat to do about control of taverns, restaurants and bars?" he have heard discussions on all these problems during, this morning's session, I hope you have all benefited by these discussions,, and we look for greater cooperation of all organizations interested in our problems. (thereupon a recess was taken from 1340 to 1550 EAT,■following which the bar Department training film "Pick Up" was exhibited.) 1 COLO''EL I-■AiloHi ' Di*» O'* F, -Mahoney, Director* 6f the = Venereal Disease Re- ’ search Laboratory, United "States Marine Hospital) -Staten Island, is going to tell us about "The Latest Results of Penicillin in the Treatment of Venereal Diseases". I think Dr. Mahoney was the original investigator on this work and has probably done more than anyone else. Dr. Mahoney, •DR, ."A.VMIT’M I surely would feel terribly remiss if I failed to compli- ment the previous speakers on this program. I do not know when. I have enjoyed a rapid-fire program as much as I have this one today. ..Up to this point I am sure that it has all been about as good a pro ram as could « be assembled. Personal contact •• ith the men who are actually eng a ed in the human side of a social moblem is always of distinct interest to us who spend our lives in the laboratory, where we are more or less of a clubby group, e* need the stimulation which comes from rubbing el sows with you more ac- tive individuals, and it is really good for us to get out As John .Stokes used to say "to comb the lice out of oar beards" and come out ' and see what’s going on. Throughout the day it seemed to me that a rather gloomy note has been inserted in all this discussion. I do not wish in any way to detract from that, I do not wish to leave the impression with you that wo think this job is done. I do, however, s e no good reason why anyone engaged . in this particular field of effort should feel in any way blue over the r ;suits which haVi3 been attained. At a recent discussion with a member of the staff of the Surgeon G- moral of the Army, I was rath m thunderstruck to find that the overall venereal disease rate in the United States Army in America was placed at 27 p.m thousand per year. If we allow 5 of that for syphilis and 2 for the minor vmereal dis.ases, thcr ■> is a gonorrhea rate of something in the neighborhood of 20 p er thousand per year. He further stated that the loss of off ..chive time in -the Army fron gonorrhea amounted to between 4 And 5 hours p.m enlist id man per year. To me, those were most astounding figures, and if they am true and if they ho 14 f®r the duration, then I feel definitely sure that you mm who have been eng aged in this work have very little to regr et, and /ou can feel proud that the work has progr .ss .d to that point. I f eel that almost any metropolitan univ rsity would present a rate of almost those dimensions. The gonorrhea rate, which forms th ; bulk of the venereal diseases, standing at 20, must r .pres mt in my mind the impact of the sulfonamide drugs upon the problem. In evaluating a drug or a th mapy we use two methods; Naturally ono . is the individual pati mt and individual physician, and the -ffect of the th mapy upon th patient, whether it cures him or not. The other is the epl ■hn. Uoei a I approach, in which w ar int m st ed primarily in the effectiveness which a therapy pessaesos t„ mathematically curtail the opportunity for the transmission of- that disease * Any therapy -which in an infectious disease" will curtail ically the opportunity- fur the spread of that illsoase rust eventually bring 'about a geometric - .de- cline in the incidence of the disease. I think that is sound epidbnd- elegy, and it Works' out in practically every disease with which we-'have to deal. Oh that basis cur sulfonomide drugs, sulfathiazold 'especially, must have 'somewhere exerted, an enormous effect upon the overall incidence among "the American population, education and prophylaxis and all the rest must have exerted some influence, but wo must assume -largely that the sulfcnanidc drug's contributed the greater share of the • good. Before, the sulfonamide group could have been really evaluated, wc were all astounded of course at the coming of a really wonderful remedy, penicillin, and in working out its’usefulness in gonorrhea wo were ri: warily interested in the dose-tine relationship which would areduce an effective "cufo ratcV, That term I use with a good deal of liberty, Itvari/s greatly with different workers under different circumstances. The hospitalize-, group will naturally turn out with a better "cure rate" than an "-out-patient ‘group, "Cure rate" is a .rather vague ten-, which wo use in a rather vague way. To know 'the dose-time relationship which would produce an effective "cure rate" with penicillin was at the cutset, and still is, the most important problem which we have to solve. Our original work with gonorrhea entailed the use’of about 120,000 units df the drug administered ever a 15-hour period, with-that routine in hospitalized patients the’ results obtained were entirely satisfactory. I think we had one resistant patient, and \ e did net have to give up on that one, • uo eventual! cured him \ ith penicillin without having to resort to other drugs, "There then took place a series of studies in which endeavored to get astride of the optimal desi-tlme relationship for. an cut-patient service, as it must be an out-patient service if the therany is to attain its maximum use-iulncs-s, ho rust have a thcrapy which v;e can place in the hands of the average doctor. In the control of gonorrhea a therapy of that kind was badly needed, he have been able in recent months to work the dose-time relationship down to two loses of 100,000 units given four hours apart, or ■ two doses of 100,000 units given eight hours apart. Each is capable of attaining a very acceptable -cure rate, in the neighborhood cf 90$, If wc go back to the use of.our criteria of curtailing the mathematical opportun- ity for the disease to spread, it is sufficient for the nubile health forces cf the country to use. Here we have a therapy which can be placed in the hands of the average physician. All that is required is the .visual acuity and manual dexterity to locate a gluteal muscle .and strikJ. it with the serum, wo have an instru ont‘given'to us which will'.be more than helpful in tL 3 cer.il. at in : of gonorrhea. It is always silly to say tint wo have seen the last of any disease, or to say that we have seen tVm last of any biological species in nature. These strains will undoubtedly gc on, but as wc lock ever the situation in a very calm arid unbiased way, wo cannot help but feel that an instrument on the side of the defense that is of the magnitude of penicillin in the treatment of gonorrhea will undoubtedly exert a narked influence on the future trend of this disease in any population group, and I fully believe when this war is over and when sixty or eighty per cent of the individuals now in. the services again assume ‘a normal manner of life, that the influence ' of penicillin upon the incidence of gonorrhea will be narked, I really feel that eventually this disease is going to recede especially fron the position it has occupied in the .public health probleia in the past. It seems almost inevitable that an effective instrument of -this kind can void the incidence, which has already * been reduced to the point displayed by the rate the Army lias today. Gonorrhea is a wonderful disease and it has many friends, but if I hay borrow an expression from the vernacular of the proletariat, syphilis is a disease which is no "pushover", when wo discuss the advancement in the treatment of syphilis we must do it with our hat in: our hand, here is a disease caused by an organism which is facultative. It has fooled us before and will probably do it again. This disease requires the best we have. Hero is a disease prone to recur, prone to recode and hide, and prone to relapse. We must have a drug which is effective, and one asministore " on the broadest possible basis wo can get it* As to the original work of penicillin in syphilis, it may be of interest to you for me to review the original four cases, Wo recently saw case No, 1, which has now boon observed for seventeen months, Ke received 1,200,000 units, and he is symptom-free and sere-negative today and has not received ether treatment. Two. others are in the sane situa- tion. No. 4 presented quite a problem. He came to us originally with a penile chancre, which healed rapidly, became sere—negative, and remained so for seven months, He returned with a lip chancre and now•serological symptoms. He was re-treated and his serology reverted to negative. On inquiry as to his sox habits recently in order to psosibfy guard against a third incidence, I asked him how busy he was with all the girls in the neighborhood, he said, "Hell, Doctor, I just have four now,p and if wo euro this he will probably be back with another one anyway. He have under observation now practically one hundred patients with early syphilis, treated in the uniform manner with 1,250,000 emits of penicillin. In oven discussing them wo must sdi.lt that with a disease like syphilis this observation period of up tc eighteen months is not .sufficient. As we break it down, however, we find we have a-group of chancre patients whom wo have observed now between six and fourteen months, I am sure you will par Ion Lie if I cite these figures from memory, I do not havo a manu- script. He can verify them if anyone is interested. Of 48 penile lesions, dark-field positive and sorc-pcsitivo, 45 have remained dineally negative and sere-negative. One of those remaining was the patient who::. I just mention- ed and whom wo considered as a relapse, or a treatment failure, although practically beyond doubt he was reinfected. There were two other relapses, one clinically and one serologically. If we were .to ’raw r. conclusion today respecting the iipact which tjyls therapy will have upon the public health of the nation, re would say that a new instruibnt must be erected to adjxirdster penicillin to as many cases of early syphilis in the chancre state as wo can possibly find, and this would necessitate the scrapping of our old venereal disease technique and our venereal disease set-up as we know it today, and would require a new administrative instrument to bring about the best use of this drug, assn ing of course that this tyre of analysis holds for the rest of the observation,, hs we novo to a group of 40 pc tier its with secondary syphilis, treated in the sane manner, wo find only about half of there iiave proceed- ed to a point of nop tive serology and clinical absence of syip tons. I should leave out the clinical absence of syr.ptons, because all of the symptoms recede rapidly. We are guided largdy by the serology, Soj .c patients revert to negative rather rapidly and stay that way, Some revert nore slowly. Scan refuse to novo. This brings to the fore once acre the fact we have oil known in the treat:.ont of syphilis, that some respond and some don’t. Just why those that don’t respond don’t respond, wc do not know. If wc could effect cone way of gauging whether or not a patient was going to respond to a given cho...o-therapoutic agent,we would have taken an enormous stop in advance. One of the clinical failures was of extreme, interest to all of us. He was a youngster we caught in the sere-negative stage of primary syphilis. The primary lesion re ceded and the serology remained negative. He came back in ninety days with a recurring chancre at the se e site, a I is. I 1 iO 1‘valS still sore—negative• I have never soon tlr.t before and canft explain it. The second lesion was dark-field positive, K v;ill have a certain percent- age of relapses which we. must watch for. I am going back to the old ...ethod of interpreting therapy into tones of public health: • If a therapy of this kir.i could be a; plied to 80$ of the chancres which occur in a give.a population group, I think wo would undoubtedly over the course of time be rewarded by a pronounced decline in the incidence of syphilis, I would net be at all surprised tc sec just th; t happen, in the event wc can accumul.,tc enough inf on at ion on the whole subject to warrant recommending that the drug be used in that fashion. As to you who arc utilizing this drug, in practical way you are interested in penicillin, but to us the wave has passed. Vo have more than enjoyed associated with the development of the .’rug• Nov/ wc find it has opened, up in a research capacity an entirely new universe. Hero- is an approach tc curative medicine which has not boon canvassed. Here is somo- • thing which is 500$ now, something that in every step you take turns over a now loaf. Our group is having an enormously interesting time in searching for a new anti-biotic of tin, type of Penicillin. I say ”of the typo”; I should- not say that literally because penicillin is a product of mm; old. The mold population has been pretty well canvassed, but there arc other fellows. .■>e are canvassing the sewage bacteria group, and wo are canvassing the sea water group, and others I know are doing work with soil bacteria. Some place in the universe are anti-biotic substances which will exert the same effect on other diseases that penicillin does on gonorrhea and syphilis. If we are fortunate in finding some of these, I am sure that the Impact upon other forms of public health work will probably be for us as dramatic as the impact of pencillin on gonorrhea and syphilis. Thank you, COLOMEL RARSH: he next hear from Dr. Pelcuze, Special Consultant of the U,S, Public Health Service, whose topic is, "Gonorrhea", PR. PELOUZE: Colonel harsh end la’ies and gentlemen; I really yet Lcn,*t know what .to talk about, I have listened to pur papers tolay with a great, deal of interest, and I have been particularly thrilled with what Dr, hahoney said. If you look over the current number of the Journal of American Medicine you will find 'me labeled, "The Prophet of Gloom", Now, I gC the label of "The Prophet of Gloom" just because I don’t- take certain timings hook, line and sinker but tried to see through, and that was mostly with the various things that have come out previous to appearance of penicillin. Now, nobody could doubt, who has been around Army camps, naval hospitals and has read his journals, nobody could doubt the enormous importance, the enormous value, of penicillin in gonorrhea; and they begin .to feel that it is just as valuable, perhaps more so, in syphilis, but that will take time to fined out’, Re don’t have to wait for the answer in gonorrhea. So that while you have this treatment in your hands, you are still worried about the disease. Now, it’s been my privilge not only to be in a number of Andy hospitals — quite a few'of them in the last few weeks — and I find a great deal of worry and, well, a great many problems tlpat they have, I went over one service command in a number of hospitals from the standpoint of, "bhat are your problems?", and they still think they have problems, but if you step out into the civilian population where your soldiers an’ sailors got their infections, you will fin1 somethin;; that doesn’t — well, it doesn’t promise much at the present time. There is a beginning feeling among some that one should treat on suspicion and certainly if you have a suspicion* with the drugs that we now have in our hands, you would be missing a very fine public health opportunity in not treating on suspicion. Now, that is all right out in the civilian population when somebody arouses suspicion, but I assure you, having finished last week covering my C5 states from one end to the other (and I met doctors, men in the Army, Navy, and I particularly met thousands of public health nurses and investigators),— in other words, the nurses and investigators would be together — I have been in quite a few laboratories, not only in the state laboratories but in many others, — an5 1.don't find the situation out there very good. There is no idea that we hove reached a - millenium out there. They know in the civilian population that they haven’t got‘ penicillin for the average case, of gonorrhea. They are not worried, most of them; they never did worry about gonorrhea, I doubt if there are any states in the Union that •.oul.i’lock with pride upon their present or past gonorrhea control program. They are very glad to search out the contacts that you ailitary i..en name to the:.,, but beyond that there is practically no searching out of contacts. The lectors throughout the country, except for the possible exception of Nov; Jersey and one cr twe- et her places, just don’t report cases of gonorrhea; and if they lid rh-'crt, they probably wouldn’t give; you any contact information; and ther. is a tremendous backlog’ of infections -and nobody — I say ’’nobody’’ — ther. is’ not so much being done about it. When y u get in state Irdx rat-ri. s, wo 11 I think it’s been pretty well proved, for instance, that diagnosis is need- ful, 'particularly if you have no definite reason to believe but arc: still following your trend of suspicion if you have it, that re should Lake- a diagnosis, he should go looking for gonorrhea. Now, I knew that there arc imm nse syphilis clinics in this country. I recall being at a lay meeting in one of our states where the health officer said to me — this was a lay meeting, and he just opened himself up beauti- . fully. He said, "Now, I am Health Officer, eh t would you suggest I do?” I happened to know that in the wholu year he had report . I- 18 cases of gonorrhea, though he had had hundreds of case’s of syphilis, hell, I hedged a little bit because I didn’t want to answer this lay group, and f ini ally I said, "Gan you take it?" he s.il, "Yes", "well.", I said, "n:y idea would be that you just increase th t nw.ber by looking over your syphilis patients, You probably would find that many cases of gonorrhea every day you tried, or neat it.". Now, when-you get in the laboratories, what do you find? There are some laboratories in this country that are trying to do a very fin© job, and are, with the material.that they are getting. There also are a lot ;of physicians sending into laboratories material that no laboratory really could examine. That is particularly so in so-called cervical smears, and they arc of importance, The cultures, while under ideal conditions they are fine, at least 90$ and -probably nearer 99% of tde co.- .unities in this country just -haven't got cultures available, They have to do the best they can with the things thuy can use, I stool in a state laboratory a little while ago and fror. the other side of tlx. roei.. was able to pick cut the .slides that no bacteriologist ought to cv.,;r have to hazard an opinion on. They were so thick, I net the state bacteriologist or La ber-~tcrists of a nur.bur of statue and asked this statement, "that , er cent cf cervical smears that come into your labor Lory are of a type on which, you can’t give an opinion"; and the gcncroal answer, I think — I’m sure it’s an exaggeration, but the gonoreal answer was about 70%, The laboratory in one state said teat 75% of the so- called cervical shears were net from the convex at all; they were vaginal or vulvarous, Loll, that is an exaggeration, but I have soon in the labora- tories enough of the material that they gut to knew that the big backlog of infections which rakes.gonorrhea such a serious thing”in’ the military services, is just not being touched, I say "rat being touched". It isn’t being followed through, Nov/, I know the hesitancy of .th-. -services about interfering or having • nything to say to physicians on tlx. outside, but I think that the liaison officer, or whoever’s duty it is, would do great job if he just found out what was happening in the communities, the laboratory side of the communi- ties from which most of his infections come, and see if in a kindly way, without trying to be officious, he could do a great deal towards strai hten- inr out things that are not going to :;ive us the full measure of success we have the right to expect. It loesn’t make any difference in the world how good a treatment we have, it loesnft do any good to the _ atient whose disease isn’t discovered and who doesn’t get the treatment, * Now, another thing, I have been critized to death by nurses and investigators on the outside and they have one articular gripe against the services which, well, because they don’t understand. Their particular gripe is the contact report which — well, the contact occurred two to three months, maybe, before they get the reports, and they said, ’’'..’hat’s the use of trying to do anything with that?” Of course, that sin: ly means that the soldier has fooled the doctor in the camp; he had his symptoms before and he didn’t report in; and when you find him, quite a time has elapsed, When you explain that to them, why, then they see through it. Now, they are the individuals who are searching out the contacts, and that means a great deal to you, and anything we or you can do to encourage them and get.over this depression that you find generally among them is all to the good for a disease control standpoint. I don’t think that we have to be at all pessimistic today about what we can do about gonorrhea‘ when we know the patient has gonorrhea. If we don’t think of the big backlog of infections in everybody’s community and - try to do something about it, we can’t clear it all up; but.if we in any way can relieve the. let Tee of suspicion on the outside and get across to the medial professxon, the health officers, that gonorrhea has to be searched for, we will have gone, a long way. That is ■ articularly true in the female. The male may come and tell you he has it,, but there is-a great deal of hidden gonorrhea in the female; and they con’t ret over the idea that gonorrhea exists in women who don’t have any stigma to suggest it so that if they see nothing suggestive of gonorrhea they lose heart right away. Now, I realize that that isn’t altogether what one might say in the Army, but I have been around a great deal. I still find they have problems, I find that the shift of gonorrhea over to either tine medical or the dermatolo- gical side has made a lot of lectors feel woefully inefficient, and I find they are still hungry for knowledge about gonorrhea itself, I don’t knew of anything else I shoull cover, and, as a matter of fact, maybe that isn’t altogether ap; liea: le to your problem, but that is a big problem on the outside; and anythin • that is a*tig problem on the outside is of interest on the inside. Thank you very much, COLONEL Thank you very much. Our program called for us to adjourn at this hour. Are there any questions? I think we can possibly devote a Very few minutes if there are any questions. You have been very patient in staying here all day. Has anybody anything he wishes to say? ii.JOR ZUKAUCK...G: Judge Jackson made a statement to the effect that we -\±,\ • not take up the teaching of the officers and the men relative to these youngsters or to juvenile delinquents* I must point out that we lo take that up and further we also quote them the Article of War pertaining, to rape, and they are well-warned about that fact, COLONEL MARSH: Is there anything anyone else has to say? Captain Ross? C FILIN ROSS: Colonel Marsh, I just want to thank you for the wonderful instructive program that you have had here today. There is much, of course, that could be said, but I think we can all mull over what we have heard today and it will be of great advantage to aid. of us, COLONEL MARSH: A cony of the minutes will be sent to each person that registered. For General Terry, for Colonel Walson, I want to thank you all for staying here and being so patient and for participating in this conference, (Whereupon at 1705 EWT the conference was closed) 13 September 1944, HUES TIOEKAIRS 1. Do all contact reports clear through the State health Department? 2. arc they sent promptly? 3. Is action taken on contact reports promptly? i 4. Are contact reports sent elsewhere? 5. "hat is the status of reports as to wife being the contact? S. Has tho number boon reduced? 7. If not, where is the rate high and did the questioner explain that his wife would be interviewed? 8, hen soldier’s memory is poor about location where disease was con- tracted, what steps are taken? S. Are steps taken to prosecute third parties? How many since January? 10. How many taverns, road houses,or places of prostitution have been closed since our last meeting? 11. How many complaints were made to Federal or State liquor authorities? 12. How many that are licensed were sent a letter of warning by liquor authorities? xo, how many licenses suspended wancell'vdi' ...a...... Revoked?............ Forfeit bond? Refusal to renew license ? 14, Do state liquor authorities receive reports from post where there is no medical officer? ...................... If so, please state whore 15. In how many instances re*,.since our last mooting, have local, town, city, state. Federal Security Agency, State ABC Liquor Authority, hrow- ing Industry, met to control some local situation? 16. as a result of contact reports, whet per cent.of girls are located and what action was taken? 17. Has State of Fev York passed any legislation to prevent examination for ve:n,r..-al disease of suspected women? 13. How many women brought to trial? 19. How many instances where soldier 'was used us a witness? 20. -ore there any instances of difficulty in obtaining soldier as witness? 21. .ere there any instances of difficulty in obtaining soldier as witness? ....If so, give details..., 22. Can you suggest any improvement in contact questionnaire-? 23. Has there been any change in hr. Rosenthal’s figures as to the ago group of girls infected? 24. How many city beds availabl for the treatment of ven -real cases? 25. How many occupied? 2S. Is it considered advisabl ■ to include two hours on venereal disease prevention ip. the training oours•; for nurses’ aids? ' ' 271 • hat result# obtained from the restricted information obtained by tho A.S.H.-i. reports? 23. .ore proper, steps taken to reduce venereal disease rate at places indicated? , 29. Has anything happened beyond your control affecting the venereal disease rate at your station or district? 30. ' hat steps have you taken to 1c r colored r .to? 31. Have vending machin.s boon installed? 32. Has the technique of using a condom boon demonstrated? 33. Are the lectures, talks, movies, etc., pertaining to the venereal disease control as prescribed by regulations being enforced? 34. Is emphasis placed on good morals and continence? 35. Are appropriate recreational facilities available? If not, what action taken to correct deficiency? 33. ii.ro churches, local organizations, hotels, clubs, schools, teachers, parent associations, and other influential bodies in civic communities properly contacted for support? ‘vhat accomplishments have been made? 37. Do the courts, ABC board, welfare agencies. Army, ilavy. Federal, State, and local health officers get together on problems? 38. Has the unit commander been impressed with his responsibility in ac- cordance with -*rmy regulations? 39o Are frequent meetings on venereal disease control held in local com- munities? li'fDEDC 0.7 DIR7CTIV7S PERTAINING TO THS DISHASJ3S Subject Reference AT nOV err p t> ~n ro /. n 170 Ui.ji \j 1. . >• jiUJ-'J.-tiO Control in Military Personnel TV, D, Ltr, AG 353,8, 16 Dec, 1940 CLASSIFICATION. OF VMERUAL DISEASE Definition A.R. 40-210, 15 Sept. 1942 (par. 21) COMTAJD RUSPO TSIBILITY broad Outline of Policy General Preventive Measures Morale Special Preventive Measures To insure regular treatment. To provide prophylaxis Transmittal of records XD. Cir. 249, 5 Dec. 1941 A.R. 40-210, 15 Sept. 1943 (par. 1 & 22) M.R, 1-10, 5 Mar. 1943 AX. 40-210, 15 Sept. 1943 (par. 23) A.R.’ 40-210, 15 Sent. 1943 (par. 23f) XX. 4-0-2TO, C 3, 1 i'av 1943 XSTtCtfOT, C 7, 24 .. ov, 1943 GOAT Iht IGF bar Department Policy If,D. Sir. 249, 5 Dec. 1941 (par. 2) COOPURATIOU ■ IT: CIVILIAN? t? SALT!! DTP ART? Brewing -Foundation ’:.ight-point agreement Preventive measures Resume of cooperative functions TUTS AVID CTUER AGE'DIES XD, AGO Memo, *'’850-35-43, IB July 1943 XD. Ltr,, AG 334’. 8 US PUS, 19 Sept. 1940 A.R. 40-210, 15' Sept 1943 (par. 22 A 23) SGO dir. Ltr. .91, 1 Jan 194,3 (par. 29) COOPERATIO4 XT ' UUITTD STATES PUBLIC IF iight-Point agreement In maintaining Lav; -Aif or cement In repression of prostitution ALTH SWIGS XD. Ltr, AG 334.3 USERS - 19 Sent 1940 ?XD. Ltr. AG-723, 1, 2 Aug 1941 SGO ltr. l'S Jan 1941 DIVISION OF SOCIAL PROTECTION Statement of Functions X.D. Ltr. AG 353.3, 2 Oct 1941 Sueject Reference ADUCAHOU All personnel-all stages trrr A.D. Training Cir. 32., 1 - -pril IS44 C orfipiand R o 3 p on s i b i 1 i ty A. R,. 40-210, 15 Sept 1942 (par 23d) Como and Responsibi lity ’ AD. Cir. 249, 5 Dec 1941 (par 3) Notation on Service Record A.R. 345-125, Co, 27 Jul 1939 (par 19) Officers, in Troop Schools "A D. Ltr, AD 726,1, 19 Jan 1942 Roster Distribution 'A B. Cir. 264, C 5, 22 May 1944 Venereal Disease Posters -AjX Ltr.' AG 353, 8, 31 May 1943 LIUR OF DUTY STATUS Basic criteria A.R. 345-415, 23 Mov 1933, (par 1e(1)) Discussion of Venereal Disease - ■ nab. Cir. 205, 24 May 1944 (par le(2)) Effect of duration of infection A.R. 346-415, 23 :ov 1943, (par If) Separation from the service A *Q • *v • oi5-3SO, 25 May 44 ( par 10) OFF LIMITS Apressive use of . . .mad. Ltr. AD.250.1, 31 Jul 1 1943 3 ervi ce C ornmand fun cti on ■ • ■A D. Cir. 77, 17 Mar 1943, Sec II Use of authority , ... * Aar Department Policy • ... • • 1 v, • ‘AD. 40-210, 15 Sept 1942 t5ir. 249, 5 Doc 1941, (par 23a) Sec, II PFUALTIFS AND DISC I PL I VARY .-.CTIOU. .. • Court Martial A.R. 40-210, C 2, 16 Mar 1943 (par 23e(l)) Interpretation of ACT of May 1926 A.R. 345-415, 23 hov 1933 (oar 2) Loss of pay A.R, 35-1440, 15 Mov 1933 Loss of pay 40-210, 15 Sept 1942 (par 23g) Loss of time , . ■nrti cl os o f ‘ hr ,-107 PHYSICAL I A?ACTIOYS - ... , A: Basic ropulation n.R. 615-250, 24 Jul 1942 For venereal disease Of Food handlers Aomen *vrny Corps A.R. A ,jR. cT ' & » ’J o 40-210, 15 3apt 1943 40-205, 51 Dec 1942 ( 0, Cir Ltr 135, 27 Jul (par 23e(2)) ear 130(1)) ”l943 , ?H YSI CAL S TANDARDS For commission A.R. 40-105, 14 Oct 1942, S: Cl, 12 Jul 1943 For flying For mobilization Miscellaneous • ... A.R. m:.r.' 4-0-110, 3 Doc 1942 1-9, 19 Auril 1 Mi. '40-100, 16 Nov 1942, h Co,12 Jul 1943 parachute Troops Specialized Training Propram Syphilis in qualified flyinj pars. m*R. ' AD. ”,D. 40-100, C 6, 12 Oct 1943 Ltr,, AG- 220,3 (10 -ur- 1913) Cir, 257, 13 Oct Sec, III Subject Reference PRdfAFRI’TAL LAMS - . . ... . ' ■ applying to 1 ••liltary. Personnel- : FI >* Ltr, AG 726.1, 3Q Sept 1941 PROPHYLAXIS Comr■ and ilesponsibility Comprehensive provisions ■, 7 .D. iiVk. Cir. 249, 5 Dec 1941 (par 5) 40-210, C 3, 1 .Fay 1943 (oar 23b(2)) Individual units . Oral - sulfonamide S_.G. S . G. 0. Cir. Ltr. 80, 31 Jul 1942 0. Cir. Ltr. 146, 12 Aug 1943 Prophylactic Materials. : A.R. ' To. 43-210, 15 Sept 1942, (par 23b(2) Cir, 125, 30 March 1944 R •PRLDoIOlI OF PROSTITUTION In extra-contonment areas M.D. Ltr. AG 250.1, 31 Jul 1943 Hav net - procedure to invoke • • D. Cir. 12, 'f’jan 1943, Sec. VIII Statement of the May net .D. Bulletin -,-23, 3 i*ug 1941, Sec, I Furnishing of hitne'sses ■_ • Hq 2SC-C.L. (5PGSM- ' 726,1} 16 Feb 1944 REPORTS u. :)) R'.-CORDS . Discontinuance of Reports S.G. 0, Cir. Ltr. 76, 27 July 1942 86ab - . n.R. 40-1030, 10 Dec 1943, Sec. VI Monthly V.D, Statisti.oal, Report kC vT % 6. Cir. Ltr. 86, 9 nor.1943 »D. Cir. 270, 1 July 19i-4. Sec. IV Computation of Rates Computation of Ratos Register of Sick and ' -bunded Special Diagnoses T? T, f.mT Xx # fi % 8-40, '15 nug 1.940 (Chapter 15’) 8-55, 5 March 1941 (Chanter 6) 40-1025, 12 Oct 1940 (par 17d) Register Card it 40-1025, 12 Oct 1940 (oar 3) Personnel to be' registered A.R. 40-1025-, 12 Oct 1940 (par 4) Sanitary Report .... - 1 • 40-275, 15 Mov 1932 V'D Supple-lent n, R« 40-210, C 4, 2 Jul 1943 (par 24b) Servic 0 Re cord n.R. 345-125, 1 Feb 1932 (par 17, 19, 29) Standard ferns for Diagnosis 40-1025, 12 Oct 1940 (par 17d) Syphilis depistcr (M.D, Form -(f78) How Used Individual treatment record (73a) Repaired by S.G.O. Cir. Ltr. ,-74, 25 Jul 42 (par 4b) Revision o’f'Sec, Mil, A.R, 40-210 to be published. A.R, 40-210, C 7, 24 Mov 1943 Transmittal of A.R. 40-210, C 7, 24 Mov 1943 EFFORTS T CIVILLY" RFRLT ‘ AG’ h’CIRS Contact Forms Procedure for reporting S.G, 0. Ltr. 726.1-1, 14 Feb 1942 Responsibility to report A.R. '40-210, 15 Sept 1942 (par 25c) Morbidity Cards A.R. 40-1380, 10 Dec 1943, Sec. VI Subject Reference S3R0L0GY Control of STS** S.GiOi Cir. Ltr* y37, 23 April 1943 False positive STS S, GiCA Cir. Ltr. :„-93, 30 April 1943 Standards for STS SAC-.Oi Cir. Ltr. ..10, 13 Feb 1941 Standards for STS .sIgTo* Cir, Ltr. y39, 30 April 1942 THu'TSFER OF SOLDI ISRS n.. ; ' ' Change of station • FDD* Ltr. AG 220.31, 29 Day 1912 Clearing of field, fp'rce units • ■ i .D. Ltr. AG 220.31, 26 Hay 1912 From combat units. , • Overseas - enlisted men - officers’ T 615- Xd. c 64-45 ir. Ib'-b'Xpn Anri 1 19A4- •• -n-j. Sir. 64. 2G April 1944 Rr /sica1 Ins pect i on s a. A. 615-250, 24 July 1942 •riiriFRi disuses • . -authority for duty states *, »D» x* GO Memo VOID 2-43, 19 ‘Jan 1943 treatment Diagnosis and treatment . S.G.O. Cir, Ltr. y74s 23 .Toly, 1772 comprehensive Gonorrhea Diagnosis and treatment S.G.O. Cir. Ltr, ,,129, 22 July 1943 Duty status treatment S.G.O. Cir. Ltr. 2, X Fob 1943 ■ Fever Therapy ■ ... - S, G, O', Cir. Ltr, y-36, 13 ' Aug 1942 - ulfa-resi-stant ■ S.G.O. Cir. Ltr. 7,<57, 12 . a 1943 In hospital organization S.G.O. Cir. Ltr, 193, 1 Dec 1943 Inductees - management' of ' D AGO Memo T "40-1-43, 15 Jan 191-3 Treatment of p D % AJ % X' » Ltr, (3PMCF) 15 Jan 1943 Penicillin 3.G.O. Cir, Ltr. „'l2'5, IS July 191-3 Segregation and Treatment A TO ' A ± ± «- % S' 0-210, 15 Sept 1942 (par 23f) Spinal Puncture " ,D. Cir. v-205, 10 Sept 1943 (Sec. II) Syphilis ■ Treatment by unit m,o, S«G, 0. Gir. Ltr. p-dOS, 11 Sept 1942 Treatment in v.d, facilities n n 7\ O %\J %\J % Ltr. (SPMCFT 29 March 1943 VAAARAAL DISAASF CONTROL OFF! GRIS Relationships to Service Com. AD. Cir. -53, 1? Feb 1945 (Sec. V) Duties and Res pons ibi1ities .D. L itr. AG 320.2, 6 Fob 1912 01 Ah ’ S A 11 CORPS ducation Sex Ayrione Course AD. Pamphlet p35-l, 23 ay 1943 Unit Training Program T1 D - • -i. % J. « 35-1, 21 j.*ug 1943 Physical Insp octions O % DT % 0 % Cir. Ltr. ■ ioC, 27 July 1943 Physical Standards Recruits A.R. 4 0-100, C 6, 27 Sept 1943 (par 17; Regulations -applicable; to . *. . Female Personnel 1 AD, Cir. 172-2 hay 1944 (Sec. IT) **Serological Tests for Syphilis