u,4|oaH dt|°8H '■ T~4 I NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE 4. V_ 3NiDia3w do Aavaan wnoiivn 3NiDia3w do Aavaan wnoiivn MADAME YOUNG, M. D. A.: (J* MADAME, YOUNG'S GUIDE TO HEALTH; HEE EXPERIENCE AM) PRACTICE FOR NEARLY FORTY YEARS; A TRUE FAMILY HERBAL, WHEREIN IS DISPLAYED THE TRUE PROPERTIES AND MEDICAL VHITUES OF ALL THE ROOTS, HERBS, &c, INDIGENOUS TO THE UNITED STATES, AND THEffi COMBINA- TION IN ALL THE DISEASES THE HUMAN BODY IS HEIR TO; ALSO, AN EXPLANATION OF THE HUMAN BODY, ITS LIABILITY TO INJURIES THROUGH IGNORANCE OF ITS STRUCTURE. DEDICATED EXCLUSIYELY TO HEE SEX ILLUSTRATED WITH DESCRIPTIVE ENGRAVINGS. I'll be as happy as my fortune will permit, and make others so, if lean. ROCHESTER, N. Y.: PRESS OP A. STRONG & CO., DEMOCRAT AND AMERICAN OFFICE. 1858. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 185b BY AMELIA YOUB G, In the Clerk's Office of the Northern District of New York. WB STEREOTYPED BY OH AS. H. H'DONELL, ROCHESTER, N. V. y INDEX. Fage Piffe Abdomen, the 124 Blue Flag, 13 Abortion, 131 Boils, 56, 57, 68 After Pains, 106 Bones, broken 78 Ague, 23 Bone Ointment, 95 Angelica, 12 Bowels, complaints of the 20,90 Alder, Black (See Errata below.) 16 Do Inflammation of 47 Do Dwarf 24 Do Pains in the 22,41 Alterative, , 27 Do the 161 Anti-bilious PhyBic, 54, 57, 98 Do to regulate, 63 Do Pills, 49 Do weak 19,35 Do Female Pills, 59 Breast, Cancer in the 36 Appetite, loss of ] 2, 32,101,104 Do Pain in the 85 Do Regular, 17 Do Sore 23, 76, 82 Asparagus Roots, 89 Bronchites, 30 .Asthma, 21,30, 3S, 39, 55,83,105 Bruises, poultice for 23,68 Asthmatic Elixir, 79 Bryony, White, 25 Astringent, 31 Buckthorn, 32 Avens, 39 Burdock Root, 28 Back, pains in the 18, 28, 34 Burns or Scalds, 25, 33, 70, 77, 78 Do weak 87 Balmory, or Snakehead, 12 Cachexies, 31,32 Balsam of Honey, 96 Camomile, 33 Do Fir, 23 Cancer, 36,65 68, 75, 98, 99 Do of Life, 46 Canker, 22,30 Bathing, 140 Carbuncles, 109 Do Anodine Solution " 92 Carrot Seed, 23 Beer, 86 Carroway Seed, 23 Bo Indian, 60 Catamenia, 8%. Beggar Lice, (Nervine) 12 Catarrh, 26, 91 ' Beth, or Pappoose Root, 28 Catnip, 18 Bitters, Anti-scorbutic 55 Cathartic, 28, 29, 32 Bitter Root, 21,28 Celandine, 24 Bitter Sweet, 35 Chest, formation of 115 Bladder, derangement of 23, 31, 32 Do Pains in the 17,24 Do Stone in 77 Chick Weed, 34 Bleeding, to stop 69 Chilblains, 86 Blisters, Butternut for 41 Children, Diet of 177 Blood, cleansing the, 13, 20, 24, 26, 28, Cholera Morbus, 87 29, 34, 82, 86 Cholic, Billi-us, 23,24 Do Root, 95 Do Wind, 12,19,23, 39, 72, 80, 111 Do Spitting, 25, 36,105 Chronic Disorders, 27 Do to warm the 81,93 Chylification, 164 Do Vomiting of 48 Chymification, 163 Bloody Flux, 27, 53, 89 Clap, 37 ERRATA.—The two line paragraph near top of page 17, should follow the fourth paragraph on page 16,—" for children, in Roughs andcostivtjness, <8p.," should be followed by "the above is also rery good for children, &c." 390497 11. P*Sa Coffee, Medical, t 63 Cohosh Root, 27 Comfrey, 36 Colds, 34. 66 Composition, 42,61 Convulsions, 25 Consumption, 33, 78, 84,86 Consumptive Complaints, 62, 71 Do Females, 85 Do Persons, 19,25,38,97 Cordial, Neutralising, 90 Corns, 103 Costiveness, 39 Coueh, 11, 21, 22, 23, 24,25, 34, 44, 63 66, 104 Do Drops, Acid, 50 Do Mixture, 43, 72, 91 Do Powders, 51, 53 Do Syrup, 84 Cramps, 25 Cranesbill, 24 Crosswort, 20 Cucumber, Wild, 107 Dandelion, 20 Deafness, 62, 100 DebiUty or Languor, 12, 20, 22, 34, 39, 86,104 Decline of Life in Females, 28 Diabetes, 47,83 Diaphoretic, 21 Diaphragm, 121 Diarrhoea, 22, 36, 39 Diet, Childrens' 31 Digestion, 19, 55 Do Time of 184 Digestive Organs, 159 Diuretic, 26, 32, 88 Dragon's Claw, or Fever Root, 15 Dropsy, 14, 24, 26, 31, 32, 47, 49, 55, 61. 73, 95,108 Do Hydrogogue purge for 25 Do of the Brain, 54 Do of the Chest, 48 Dysenlery, 21, 27,28,36,37, 39, 42, 59,98 Dyspepsia, 12 Ear-ache, 24,68 Elecampane, 25 Elm, Slippery 25 Elixir Pro, 65,78 Emetic, 21,28 29, 42,109 Do Anti Drops, 52,93 Epilepsy, 40 Eruptions, Cutaneous 19 Essences, to make 58 Evacuation, 166 Evergreen, or Wintergreon, 13 Expectorant, 19 Extracts, ordinary, 220 Eye Water, 60,68 EyW, IsuflMBMnUon »l tfc* 1«, 24, 63 Fafs Eyes, Film on the ao7 Do Sore [32, 57,68 Do Weak 56 Eye Wash, 43 Febrifuge, 15,39 Feet, Cold 87 Female Difficulties, 14, 22, 28 Do Weakness, 87 Fevers, 11,17,19,20, 24, 32, 33,34, 93 Do Cathartic for 110 Indian Remedy for 111 Intermittent 39 Root, 15 Sores, 51 Typhoid 139 32, 40, 82, 86,106 19 Do Do Do Do Do Fits, Flatulence, Flooding, Fluid Secretions, Fluor Albus, Flux. Foetus, Development of Food, remarks on Foxglove, Fruit, to Preserve Fumatory, Gall, Ox Gall Cake, to loosen the Gestation, period of Gleet, Goitre, or Adam's Apple, Golden Rod, Do Seal, Gonorrhoea, Gooseberry, Gout, 27 16 37 37,77 181,184 37 58 20 64,95 21 9 19 93 31 32 19 84 33,51 18, 23, 24, 43, 95 31 123 Gravel, G uel, Gullet, the Hair, to promote the growth of the 98 H ead-ache, 17, 20,24,44, 79, 91 25 24 34 142 191 126 100 22 23 20, 89, 94 21 32 32 Head, Bald Do Cold in Hemlock, Herb Tea, Herbs, Plants, etc., Hips, Basket of the Hives in Children, Hops, Huckleberry, Humors, Hydrogogue, Hypochondria, Hysterics, Ice Plant, Indigestion, Indian Women, fcardlhoed of Infant*, 92 82 112 109 iii. Inflammation 25 33, 34, 51, 62 F»5» Oak, white, black and yellow 31 Injections, 42,105 Oats, 31 Ippecacuanha, 21 Ointment, Rheumatic 45 Itch, 25, 36, 102 Do Vegetable 50, 56,102 Do Universal 92 Jacob's Ladder, 18 Ointments, 222 Jaundice, 12, 23, 24, 32, 33, 36,102 Opodeldoc, 81 Joints, Swelling of 69 Opium, Opthalmia, 153 Do Weak, 77 13 Ovaries, affections of 28 Kidneys, 19, 21, 23, 31, 32,125 Do the 127 King's Evil, 24, 70, 86 Paeonie, Garden 40 Lavender, 88 Pain in the Side, 23 Laxative, 19 Pains, Bathing for 64, 98 Leek, Garden 18 Parsley, 32 Legs, pain in 81 Peach Leaves, (for Cough) 11 Lilly, Pond 33 Pectoral, 22,28 Lobelia, 21 Pennyroyal, 13 Lockjaw, 41 Perspiration, 18.19. 28 Lime Water, 63 Peruvian Bark, (See White Oak") ' ' 31 Liver, Derangements of 20 Physic, Family 52,70 Do Inflammation of 48 Phlegm, 21 Do to Strengthen, 93 Phlegmatic Temperament, 27,28 Do the 123, 161 Phthisic, 21,25, 41, 81 Lumbago, 110 Physiology, 115 Lungs, Soreness of 24,30 Pigeon Berry, 29 Piles, 24, 63, 79 Madder, 33 Pillwort, 24 Maiden Hair, 22 Pills, Antibillious 49, 52. 96 Malefern, 35 Do Family 108 Mandrake Powders, 49 Plaster, 46, 83, 85 Marks on Children, 81 Pleurisy, 31,103,105 Marsh Mallow, JiO Poisonous Bites, 66 Marsh Rose Moss, 19 Poplar Bark, 20 Jtallows, Masterwort, 43 Polypus. 58, 65 19 Poultice, 34,77 Mastication, 161 Poke Root, 29 Masturbation, 133 Powders, Mandrake 49,51 Mayweed, 27 Do Compound 81 Measures, 50 Do Soda 81 Medicamentum, Young's 90 Pregnancy, 107 Melancholy, 32 Prickly Ash, 12,34 Menses, Obstructed 36 Prolapsus Uteri, ✓ 99 Do Suppression of 13, 17, 47 Prejudice, 145 Menstrual Discharge, 19 Properties Explained, 223 Mercury to cleanse from the blood, 101 Purge, 16, 25, 33, 39 Milk, or Silk Weed, 26 Monthly Courses, 23, 21 Queen of the Meadow, 21 Mortification, 19,80 Moss, Ground 45 Raspberry, red 22 Mouth, the 160 Relax, 45,51 Mucous, Cold 17 Do in Children, 59 Mustard Seed, black and white Relaxation of the Solids, 84 Remittent Fever, 15 Narcotic, 22 Rheumatism, 12,13, 26, 27,33, 36,43, 4G, Nervine, 30,32 69, 76. 78. 80. 94 Nervous Fevers, 15,17 Do Chronic 94 Nerve Ointment, 42,91 Do Inflammatory 29 Nettles, 28,44 Do Outward application for 24 Nipples, Sore 62 Rheumatic Powders, 59 Nose, bleeding at the 49 Rheumatism, its causes, 149 ;v. Pago Rickets, {28, 78,110 I Roots and Herbs, how to collect and Preserve, 135 Rose, 13 Ruptures, 36, 97,100 Salts, Valatile 64 Salt Rheum, 46, 54, 75,82, Salve, 42, 59 68,96 Sassafras Bark, 26 Sarsaparilla Root, 27 Do Syrup, 88 Scald Head, 54, 62 Scitica, 52 Scoke Root, 30 Scrofula, 26, 27, 30 33,35 Scrofulous Sores, 96, 99, HI Senna, 38 Side, Stitch in 28 Single-celled Beny, 14 Sinews, Shrunk 23,25 Small Pox, 104 Snake Root, black 19 Do do Canada, 27 Snake Weed, 29 Soap Oil, 96 SodoriBc, 27,28 Sore Mouth, 22, 29 Do Eyes, 23 Sores, all kinds, 23, 24, 25, 33, 56, 92, 93 Sorrel Extract, 93 Southern Wood, or Old Man, 17 Spasmodic Affections, k 18 Spasms, 49 Spearmint, * \, 19 Spikenurd, 34 Sprains and Bruises, 47, 90,94 Strengthening, 31, 86 Stimulant, 17, 26, 27,28, 32 Stimulating Embrocation, 80 Stomach, Compbiints of 32 Do Sickness of 13, 68 Do Soreness of 21,39,41,49,82 Do Sour Do Tincture, Do The Do Weak FafB Syrup, Alterative, * 65 Do Cleansing and Strengthening, 60 Do Flax Seed TUnaiack, TASyrup, E Water, Stone Root, St. Anthony's Fire, Succory, 8ummer Savory, Sweat, Sweet Fern, Swellings, Synonyms, 50 63 160 85 32 93,109 19 12 24 28,35 23, 25, 30, 03,172,173, 87, 91 211 Teeth, Aching or Decaying Do Insensible to pain, Testicles, Rupture of Thoroughwort, (Fevers) Throat, Sore Tincture, Dewey's Tonic, Tooth-ache, Tooth Powder, Thistle, Canada Tumors, Turnip. Indian Typhus Fever 84 34 97 60 25 64 100 11,44 41,109 80 20, 32, 91 12,13, 24, 47, 64 91 44 35 28, 95, 97 15 Ulcers, 23,28, 30, 36, 63, 68, 73, 77, 92,99 Unicorn Root, 29 Urinary Organs, diseases of 18 Urine, Flow of Do Incontinency of Do Regulator of Do Retention of Uva Ursa Leaves, Venereal Disease, Vervane, Virgin's Bower, Viscera, Obstruction of Do Secretions of Vomit, Vomiting, Vermifuge, 19, 32, 37 4S 21,31 18, 25, 24,28 19 27 20 26 20 31 33 48 22, 26, 35 Wash, 31 Water Fennel, 30 Water Trefoil, 33 Waters, Double-distilled 222 Weakness, 35, 99,103 Whites, 36,37 Whooping Cough, 75,104 Wind, 23 Wine, Currant 88 Do Elder, 91 Wintergreen, 13 Witlows, 57 Womb, and Appendages, 126 Do Diseases of 129 Do Derangement of 35 Do Falling of 22, 28 Worms, 12,17, 32, 35, 41, 43,64, 74, 101 Wormwood, 32 PREFACE. Y Beloved Sex : I have taken upon myself a great task, at the age of sixty-two, through love for you and the rising genera- tion. The Scripture teaches,— Where much is given, much will be required; that is the case with me. Nature's gift was liberal, and this gift I bad ample means to cultivate. I left Boston, my native place, and kind parents, at the age of fifteen, for Montreal, there to acquire and master languages which my native home could not bestow. Here I devoted three years to French and Latin, as they were absolutely neces- sary for my advancement in Philosophy and Botany. I re- mained here some years, and frequently visited the Iroquois tribe, learning much of them in the bealing art. I began to keep a regular manuscript of all I could possibly learn from every tribe and nation, not allowing myself to be biased by prejudice. My beloved friends, daily do I read books that are styled Herbal, on the Virtues of Roots, Herbs, &c, and have not IV. PREFACE. only discovered in them an almost innumerable quantity of errors and defects, but also a multiplicity of directions for their uses which my own knowledge and practice proves in- effectual in the cure of the complaints to which these treatisers have directed their applications. I likewise give you a description of the human body, or, in a word, the Living Animal, easy and comprehensive, that it may be understood by every one who reads it. I have writ- ten it in a plain, easy and familiar style, adapted to all capaci- ties. It is the sincere wish of my heart, that it may prove a blessing to all. MADAME YOUNG, M. D. Plate 1. DEVELOPMENT OF THE F(ETUS. HEN conception first takes place, an ovum is detached, which is carried through the fallopian tubes or oviduct, to the uterus, and has been observed in that organ by Sir E. Home, eight days after impreg- nation. About the fourth week, it resem- bles a tadpole, the appendage or tail being probably the spinal mar- row ; a small point is perceived below the head which pulsates and indicates the region of the heart; below this the abdomen appears. Thus, the brain, spinal marrow and heart are first called into action, the other parts being brought forward aa required by nature. About the sixth week, two small, black spots proclaim the developement of the eyes; the mouth appearing about the same time; the upper and lower limbs soon become discern- able. The intestinal tube is perpendicular, running along the spine. At two months, all parts of the child are present; the eyes and eyebrows are visible; the limbs are developed; the fingers are closed on each other, though flimsy; the head now forms comparatively the third part of the body, in size. Its weight is about half an ounce, and length about three inches. G DEVELOPMENT OF THE FCSTUS. Between the ninth and tenth weeks, the mouth is plainly defined, the lips drawn closely together; the eyelids close the eyes; the opening of the ears begin to appear; the spinal tail shortens, and the fingers and toes assume their proper shape and position. Towards the third month, the face is distinct; the front part of the chest is covered in by the iternum; the intestines, hitherto contained in the umbilical cord, enter the abdomen ; the skin begins to be organized; the embryo is now from four to six inches in length, and weighs from one and a half to two ounces. At the fourth month, the upper and lower extremities are equal; the skin is downy; the bones and muscles are so far formed as to be under the control of, and are now moved by the foetus. It measures about seven or eight inches in length, and weighs between seven to eight ounces. About the fifth month, the auricles and vesicles of the heart are equal'; the toe and finger nails are marked; the skin is still red; the features become plainly developed. The length of the foetus is ten inches, and the weight about six- teen ounces. At the sixth month, the hair appears ; the brain becomes homogeneous; the nails may be plainly distinguished; the form of the child is now distinct. The length twelve inches, and the weight nearly two pounds. At the seventh month, the skin is of a rosy color, cellular substance becomes developed; the eyelids are covered; the bile is bitter; every part of the foetus is enlarged, and so far developed that if born at this time it will be able to breathe, cry and nurse, but very difficult to raise, or bring up, requir- ing, as it does, a great amount of care, and constant attention. Lacking animal heat, it must be imparted to it by being kept {'», Li>- * Plate Q. DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOETUS. *l wrapt in a soft, flannel blanket, and in the lap of the nurse, or lay close to its mother, as its own power of generating heat is very feeble, therefore that heat necessary to its existence must be supplied to it. It is very seldom they are strong enough, bodily or constitutionally, to endure washing or dressing. Natural, or animal heat, is far preferable to fire heat. The length of the body fourteen inches, and weight about three pounds. At the eighth month, all the parts are more developed; the infant measures sixteen inches, and weighs between four and five pounds. At the ninth month, the infant has acquired the perfect form of the human species; the two substances of the brain are quite distinct; the muscular system well developed, the bones are strong, the motions of the child quick and lively, the heart pulsates rapidly, and the circulation has become very active. The length of the body is generally twenty inches, and the weight seven or eight pounds; the crown of woman's bliss — the true effects of wedded love. Plate 3. PERIOD OF GESTATION. ' HE usual period of gestation, (car- irying the child in the womb,) as de- rived from extended observation by med- ical statisticians, is found to be forty weeks, or 280 days. Ladies generally count nine solar months, which is a little short of 280 days. The difficulty of de- termining from which particular act of co- habitation conception took place, and still more, the impossibility of knowing on what day the semen of the male impregnated the ovum of the female, (as this may not occur for some days after copulation,) renders certainty upon the length of gestation, to a day, quite out of the question in any case. But by close observation, and taking a great number of cases, it may be ascertained, to within a brief period, when conception has occurred, and from thence the average deduction of gestation may be drawn. But upon this point, as upon all others connected with the subject of gestation, it will be found that there is no fixed period for parturition to take place. It may occur before the expiration of 280 days; it may not happen till after that period. There have been undoubted instances where gestation has been prolonged to 10 PERIOD OF GESTVTION. 300 days. The law of France fixes 300 days as the period, after death, or absence of the husband, wherein the child shall be considered legithnate. In Scotland, the term is ten months. In one case in this country, a child born 811 days after the decease of the husband, was decided by the Court to be legitimate; but physiologists would be dubious upon the legitimacy of the infant in a case so prolongated as this. On the other hand, children are often born before the ex- piration of the 280 days. Seven and eight months' children, that live, are by no means uncommon; and there have been recorded cases of children born at even so short a period as twenty-four weeks after conception, which lived; the child itself, from the formation and ossification it presented, giving evidence that it had not been a longer period than that in the womb. A Church Court, in England, decided a child legiti- mate born twenty-seven weeks after marriage. In cases of this kind, the child itself is the best evidence; the appear- ance it presents showing, to the medical man, generally, very near its foetal age. There are so many instances recorded, and well attested cases, where children have been born at a much less time, after conception, than nine months, that no woman should be accused or suspected of wrong in giving birth to a child a little short of the usual period, after marriage. It is exceedingly unjust to do so. The mor- tification which many sensitive ladies, entirely innocent of evil, experience, and the mental anguish they endure from such thoughtless remarks as the ignorant, upon these points, are too prone to make, leads me to hope that men and women will hereafter better inform themselves upon this subject, and from a better knowledge be induced to abstain from unjust conversation and condemnation. 05 FAMILY HERBAL. THOROUGHWORT Has been introduced extensively into practice throughout the United States, and appears to be superior to camomile as a sudorific tonic, and far preferable to bark, in the treatment of the local autumnal fevers of the country, pro$alent near the streams, lakes and marshes, often curing when other tonics failed. A warm decoction of boneset, till it vomits freely, is generally sufficient to break up almost any fever in its commencement; it cleanses the stomach, and excites the secretive organs; relaxes constriction, produces a free prespir- ation, and, of course, throws off the disease. For colds, it is a complete remedy, always observing to take a draught of the cold tea after the sweat is over, which will prevent an ad- ditional cold on exposure. Boneset may be managed to act as a tonic, a sudorific, a laxative, or an emetic. PEACH LEAVES AND TWIGS Are useful in a bad cough. Steeped down to a strong tea, with about half of the quantity of skunk-cabbage, add the same quantity of good molasses as there is of tea, and take half a wineglass three or four times a day. I have cured an obstinate cough with this medicine. 12 FAMILY HEKBAL. Peach pits, or meats, are very useful in bitters to assist the digestive organs, and prevent inflammation of the kidneys and bladder. The leaves and twigs have the same proper- ties as the njeats, and will answer when the meats cannot be obtained. A strong tea made of peach leaves, will stop excessive vomiting. BALMORRY, OR SNAKEHEAD. This herb is found in moist fields, frequently near small streams or rivulets, and has a very bitter taste. It is much used for bitters; for correcting the bile, it is a tonic and anti- bilious, much used in jaundice, dyspepsia, loss of appetite, general langour and debility; good for children troubled with worms. It is one of the ingredients in my spiced bitters. An even teaspoonful of the powder is a dose. ANGELICA Is found in all parts of the United States. Its medical properties are the same as the garden angelica of Europe. SUMMER SAVORY, An annual plant, growing without cultivation in the south of Europe; is cultivated in our gardens; principally used to season food. It is stimulant, and has a tendency to remove pain and wind. PRICKLY ASH. The bark and berries of the prickly ash are stimulant, tonic, and energetic. It has been highly esteemed as a remedy for chronic rheumatism, and is a celebrated remedy for the toothache; a very common ingredient in bitters ; it possesses somewhat the properties of guaiacum. By a long continuance FAMILY HERBAL. 13 in taking this bark, it is said to produce salivation. The dose to be taken is from ten grains to half a drachm, to be repeated three or four times a day. EVERGREEN, OR WINTERGREEN. An excellent remedy for cleansing the blood. The oil is good for the toothache, and is used to disguise many popular panaceas. ROSE. The flower is tonic and astringent. Dr. Beach prescribes the rose water in connection with the pith of young sassafras twigs, in ophthalmia, or inflammation of the eyes. PENNYROYAL. Found all over the United States, and in Canada. It is gently stimulant, produces universal perspiration when taken in large quantities, warm, and we consider it the best drink to accompany the lobelia emetic. In cases of sudden suppres- sion of the menses, a tumblerful of this drink, with an even teaspoonful of black pepper, powdered fine, sweetened and drank warm, after soaking the feet in weak ley, will rarely fail producing the desired effect. It is useful to qualify, or mix other medicines for sickness at the stomach, colds, Take a teaspoonful three times a day, half hour before eating; it must be taken dry, if possible. Begin with half teaspoon- ful and increase to whole one. Gravel.—Life root is good for the gravel. Dropsy.—Wild lettuce is good for dropsy, ten or twelve grains a day; use white cohosh as drink, also cuckles seed mixed with juniper berries. Gall, &c.—Low centuary, of all herbs, is one of the best for overflowing of the gall, and, in my opinion, is good in jaundice and all bilious complaints, and also in cleansing the blood from humors; it must be used plentifully and for some weeks. Bloodroot.—This is good for the rattles; mix with hon- ey and give a child five years old a teaspoonful. Bone Ointment.—Equal parts small kind mullen, red clo- ver tops, burdock burs, plantain, sweet alder bark, yarrow, black alder buds and tobacco; simmer down in hog's lard and fresh butter. This ointment is likewise good for all kinds of sores. 96 RECIPES. Sticking Salve.—Equal parts catnip tops, horsemint, sar- saparilla, striped (some call it soft) maple, spikenard, mouse wood, (this wood or tree grows bushy, and the wood is tender but the bark is tough; use the wood and bark,) comfrey, young mullen leaves, Solomon's seal, yellow dock, princes pine, worm- wood ; boil down thick, then add one pound and four ounces mutton tallow ; roll, and it is fit for use; all cuts and sores, with or without swellings, inflammations and wounds, this will cure, and no proud flesh will be created. Balsam of Honey.—Take as much balsam of tolu as will dissolve in alcohol. Oil Soap.—Take as much Castile soap as will dissolve in alcohol. Salve for Scrofulous Sores.—Take turpentine, and half a pound bayberry, and tallow ; dissolve and add sweet oil if necessary. The best Salve I ever found, in all cases of humors, is composed of raw linseed oil, beeswax, and mutton tallow, for sore lips, and chapped hands; if the sore is very bad, sprinkle pulverized bloodroot on it every morning, then apply salve; a sore need not be washed but once a day, but dress it three times a day, if bad. Ointment Pills.—Sweet fern, sweet apple-tree, rose leaves, cats foot, and cream; simmer on a slow fire. The best I ever found was composed of hog's dung and lamp oil, simmered; a little beeswax will be good to keep it firm. Hot Drops.—To one quart alcohol add one ounce hemlock oil, one ounce gum myrrh, two tablespoonsful cayenne; shake recipes. 97 well twice a day for at least a week. This is good for rheu- matism, pains in head and stomach. Take from ten drops to a teaspoonful, in sugar and water. Tar Syrup.—One gill tar, one pint wheat bran, half pound loaf sugar, and two quarts water. Dose, wine glass full three times per day, for cough and consumptive complaints. Rupture Plaster.—One part fresh buckthorn, bruised, and two parts fresh cranes bill; blend by bruising in a mor- tar ; spread on leather and apply; wear a truss or bandage ; this must be occasionally changed and worn three months. Indian Turnip.—Pulverize it fine, two ounces loaf sugar or sugar candy, half ounce flour sulphur; mix and let the pa- tient take a teaspoonful three times a day, dry, if possible, if not, in any vehicle the most palatable, molasses, &c. Use in all lingering, or beginning of pains of a consumptive nature, such as pain in the breast, weak appetite, and slow circulation of the blood; where there is any cough, whether loose or tight, add half ounce pulverized bloodroot. I can testify by experience that this is good, not only for the young, but par- ticularly for the aged, it is better than all the tinctures in the world, as it creates action and warms the blood. Either of the ingredients can be omitted, if disagreeable. For Consumptive Persons.—Two ounces aven root, half ounce wild turnip, one skunk cabbage ball, masterwort and ginseng, half ounce each, and one ounce sugar candy; mix one tablespoonful, and boil in one quart water; add one pint new milk; two teacupsful of this chocolate to be taken night and morning; bathe with cold or tepid water every morning, if the patient can bear it; walking is the best exercise. E 98 RECIPES. Cancers.—A cancer under the eye was cured by the pa- tient drinking one quart of tar Avater daily, and apply a plas- ter and mutton talloAV, melted together; this cured a cancer of tAventy years standing, in two months ; mix black pepper, burnt alum, and honey, equal parts, and use as an ointment; the last I Avould not recommend to be used but a feAV times— rather use bloodroot, daily. Dysentery, or Relax in Children.—Take equal parts good vinegar and hens' eggs, and beat them Avell together; mix in wheat flour, stiff as common dough ; bake this mode- rately, then pulverize; give one teaspoonful of the powder three times a day; mix with the above powder, hens' gizzards, pulverized. Bathing with Ox Gall.—In gout or pains, heat a sIioa-cI, mix a little vinegar and pour on; bathe the parts affected with the steam. In all pains, never use any local application, without taking some warming medicine internally, if but a little red pepper; it is not essential to give alcohol in any form ; a little carminative, such as pulverized mandrakes, or angelica seed, ought ahvays to be on hand. Anti-Bilious Powders.—One pound jalap, two pounds Alexandria senna, one pound peppermint; let these all be pulverized, then mix, after sifting fine ; for a grown person, a teaspoonful in a cup full of boiling water; then cool, sweeten it and drink; no harm if two teaspoonsful are taken. I would advise the patient to take three anti-bilious pills the nio-ht previous. This medicine can be taken at all times. To Promote the Growth of the Hair.—Mix equal parts olive oil, spirits rosemary, and bloodroot. RECIPES. 99 Weakness.—Acorns are good for weaknesses; make into coffee. Anti-Scrofulous Plaster.—One gill tar, two yolks eggs roasted inside, and one puff ball; simmer over a slow fire, spread on thin leather, and apply. Ulcer on the Leg.—Wash the ulcer twice a day, night and morning, with one pint of weak lime Avater, and apply a poultice over the sore, tAvice a day, made of blood root and beth root, finely pulverized and mixed with honey; in case the leg is SAvelled, apply a poultice of slippery elm bark, every night. Give a wine glass full of my cleansing syrup, morning, noon and at bed time, and drink, as a common beverage, the fol- lowing : take a handful each of cherry bark and princes pine, put them into two quarts boiling water, and let it steep well; then strain. Abstain from spirituous liquors and salt meats. Cancer.—Take the powder of dry yellow dock root, Avet Avith port wine and put it on the cancer, renewing it three times a day ; make your daily drink a decoction of one hand- ful of yellow dock root, bruised, and a handful of the bark or buds of black alder, boiled in four quarts of rain water to the consumption of two quarts. • Prolapsus Uteri.—Take one ounce each of white oak bark, beth root, crowfoot roots, and rose leaves; boil the whole in four quarts of Avater, down to two; strain the de- coction, to which add a pint of port wine, and two ounces of pOAvdered alum, while it is warm. The patient must first take a dose of castor oil, and, after its operation, must foment the part four or five times a day, with a flannel dipped in the 100 RECIPES. decoction as warm as it can be held in the hand. In order to prevent a relapse, the patient must Avet the parts twice a day with warm water, in which a spoonful of salt has been dissolved, and keep the bowels open by a dose of castor oil once a week, using salt Avater bath twice a week. Rupture of the Testicles.—Three years ago, a Canadian, who had been laboring under a large SAvelling of the testicles, and been given up as incurable, made application to me. The surgeons had held consultation over him, and agreed that he must be castrated, but he Avould not comply. Upon exami- nation, I found it to be a sarcocele, or fleshy tumor of the testicles, and therefore resolved to attempt the cure by discu- tients. I first cleansed and purified the blood from humors and mercury, and applied the folloAving cataplasm, or poultice, over the scrotum: take every -night two handsful of goose- grass, or cleavers, in two quarts of cider vinegar; foment the swelling with flannel wet in the vinegar, for the space of fif- teen minutes, then bind the leaves over the tumor. Anoint it frequently, every day, with the following ointment: take the scrapings of a powder horn, and the inner bark of rose willow, pound it fine, and wet it well with brandy; apply through the day. Hives in Children.—Dissolve twenty grains of bitter root in six teaspoonsful of warm water, and give the child, accord- ing to age—from six months to a year old, one to two tea- spoonsful of the infusion; if it does not operate in fifteen minutes, give the child a little warm camomile tea, in order to cleanse the stomach; after the operation, give it, according to age, a little poppies of syrup, in catnip tea. Give the child, until well, the following: take one ounce of dragon's RECIPES. 101 claw root, ten grains of bitter root, and a quarter of an ounce of mandrake root; pour on all these one quart of boiling water, and let them steep four hours; stir frequently, then strain; give from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful every four horn's, until avcII ; give always according to age. Syrup for Worms.—Take six ounces of fresh bark of black alder, eight ounces of dry buck-horn plantain, and three ounces of unicorn root; boil the ingredients in four quarts of water, down to two ; strain the decoction, to which add two quarts of molasses, and boil it away to the consistency of syr- up. Children from two to four years of age, may take from three to four teaspoonsful of the syrup, morning and evening, for three days before both the full and change of the moon, which will carry away the worms, and stop the fever. Adults may take a wine glass full, morning and evening, for three days respectively, before beth the full and change of the moon. To Create an Appetite.—Dissolve two tablespoonsful of bay salt in half pint of warm rain water, and add one ounce of rectified spirits of salts. Dose—a' teaspoonful, in a wine glass of cold Avater, before breakfast and dinner. This will excite the appetite, Avithout vomiting, and increase the urinary discharge. To Cleanse the Blood from Mercury.—Put four ounces of the poAvdered root of may apple into one gallon of me- theglin; dissolve four ounces of Epsom salts in a quart of the liquor, made Avarm, and mix all together; shake the vessel frequently, and let it stand for a Aveek. The patient may take a Avinc glass full of the above liquor, once or tAvice a day, ac- cording to its effects. 102 recipes. Take the leaves and roots of skunk cabbage, of each eight ounces, bruise in a mortar, and boil them in two pounds of hog's lard, for four hours; then press it through a hair seive or canvas, and mix in it one ounce of pulverized roll brimstone. The parts affected must be rubbed with this ointment, before. the fire, for ten minutes every night and morning, and cov- ered with flannel, using the Avarm bath tAvice a week, in the spring of the year. After all the pains are removed, the pa- tient may use tonic medicines, such as fine Columbia root, and ten grains of the rust of iron, three times a day. Use the salt Avater bath tAvice a week, in the months of June and Ju- ly, and have moderate exercise on horse-back, in order to brace the solids. Ointment.—Take pitch pine knots, and saAV them into dust; then boil the dust in water ; Avhen well boiled, skim off the turpentine, and strain the Avater; then put in equal parts of rue, saffron, sage and camomile; boil the strength out, strain the liquid, and put in fresh butter. Black Jaundice.—Take a handful of the leaves of arti- choke, bruise, put them in an earthcrn pot, and pour three pints of good ale on them ; set the pot near the fire, for two days; strain the liquor, to Avhich add a quart of Tcncrifo wine. The patient, if costive, must take a wine glass of this syrup every morning, for nine mornings, first taking a dose of anti-bilious pills. Seven Years' Itch.—Take four ounces each of white hcl lebore and yellow sharp pointed dock root, and two ounces of elecampane root; bruise them in a mortar, and boil them in four quarts of water, doAvn to two; strain the decoction, RECIPES. 103 and Avhile warm, dissolve one ounce of cura sal-amoniac in the wash ; wet the parts with a linen rag, dipped in the lotion, every night at bed time, and take a teaspoonful of cream of tartar and flour of sulphur, in molasses, twice a day for three days, by Avhich time the itch will be cured. This is a more cleanly method than using greasy ointments, and is an infallible and safe cure. Put on clean linen and sheets the fourth night, to prevent a relapse. Corns on Feet.—To keep the feet in proper condition, they should be frequently soaked and well Avashcd; at these times, the nails of the toes should be pared, and prevented from groAving into the flesh. Corns are the most troublesome evils connected with the feet; they are of two kinds, soft and hard. The soft corns are those which groAV between the toes; they may be easily removed by applying ivy leaf, steeped in vinegar; if the corn be very painful, change the ivy leaves every morning; the leaf may be steeped for one or two days before using. Pleurisy.—Drink freely of soot tea, half a pint of hot tar Avater every hour, or a strong tea of nettles, and the leaves pounded and applied as a poultice, every day; at night, ap- ply the white of an egg, mixed with sulphur. Weakness.—Half pound spikenard root, half pound Solo- mon's seal, quarter pound tamarac bark, and quarter pound luno-wort; boil in one gallon rain water ten minutes, then let them steep six hours; strain, and add half pound loaf sugar and half pint best Holland gin. Take a wine glass full three times a day. 104 RECIPES. Loss of Appetite and Debility.—Take one pint of white pine bark, tamarac bark, and spikenard root, and one ounce spruce gum; boil all together in three quarts and a half rain Avater, fifteen minutes, then strain and add half pint molasses; boil six minutes, then let it cool. Drink half a teacup full morning and evening; if there is no heat, add half pint best brandy. Small Pox.—Make a Avarm tea of saffron and catnip, and give the patient; immerse the feet in Aveak ley, and Avash the body or surface three times a day. Give also the folloAving : take one ounce mandrake, ten grains bitter root, four grains blood root, ten grains sassafras bark, and half ounce Turkey rhubarb; put all into one quart boiling water, and let them steep four hours; stir frequently, then strain. Give a child one year old, a teaspoonful four or five times a day—to others, according to age and constitution. Bathe the head Avith tepid vinegar and Avater; if the throat is sore, gargle with sage and hyssop, sAveetened Avith honey; Avhen excessive restlessness prevents the rising and filling of the pox, give a teaspoonful of the syrup of poppies, in a little catnip tea, every five or six hours ; and if purple spots appear among the pox, give yeast imvardly, and apply strong poulti- ces to the feet. Cough or Whooping Cough.—Take one ounce each colt foot, St. John's wort, spikenard, elecampane root, and mullen leaves; let them boil half an hour slowly, then add half an ounce Indian physic, or American ipecacuanha, pulverized; stir often, and steep for four hours; then squeeze, strain, and add one pint of pure honey. Give as often as required, from recipes. 105 a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. It will loosen the phleo-m and heal the lungs, is very sudorific, and good for all coughs or colds. Injections.—Take weak thorouglnvort tea, one pint milk, half pint molasses, and half a Avine glass full oil—olive oil is generaly used, but hen's oil is equally as good; for a child, use less. This is excellent in fevers, inflammations, &c. Asthma.—Ether, tincture of castor, and opium, equal parts; mix all together, and take a teaspoonful when the symptoms appear, as often as required. Pleurisy.—Drink freely of wind root (otherwise called luno- root or pleurisy root), and make a syrup of the folloAV- ino-: take one ounce each wild cherry bark, white ash bark, poplar bark and red ozier bark, and half ounce each culver root, sassafras bark and mandrake root; put all in three quarts Avarm water, boil ten minutes, then steep three hours; strain, and bottle. Drink a Avine glass full mornings, and half a tea- cupful at bed time. Spitting Blood.—Take four ounces fresh comfrey root, the same quantity fresh burdock root, tAvo ounces red willow bark, one ounce parsley, and two ounces yarrow tops; boil these ingredients in four quarts water and one quart new milk, to the consumption of three quarts; strain it, and take one gill of this decoction, well sweetened with loaf sugar, three times a day. It is also beneficial in curing the fluor albus, or whites, in weakly females. The root of comfrey is good for all fluxes, and a bad smell in urine. Take four ounces comfrey, and E* 106 RECIPES. one ounce tormentil root, boil them in two quarts and a half water, ten minutes ; then strain, and add a gill of best brandy and half pound loaf sugar. A gill or a common teacup full may be taken by an adult, night and morning, or as often as necessary; a child may take a tablespoonful, as often as re- quired. Salt Rheum.—Take a large handful plain or white clover, red clover, and common plantain; put them in two quarts of urine and one quart of beef brine, for six hours—let them be only warm, not hot; then squeeze them Avell, strain and put up for use. Wash the parts affected night and day, with a clean linen rag; drink freely of fishes mouth, or Avhat is called balmony, and take, twice a Aveek, one teaspoonful of poAvdcred mandrake root, at bed time. EriLEPTic Fits, or Hysterical Affetions.—Take ladies' smock, dry the leaves, and keep them in a bottle; when want ed, take a teaspoonful of the leaves, and steep in a half teacup boiling water. Give, when required, as often as necessary. After Pains in Child Birth.—To relieve them, take a tablespoonful of Epsom salts, and put it in half a pint hot Avater; take half of it, and in the course of two hours take the remainder, if the patient is very costive, if not, take less; then take a teaspoonful of devil's bit (othenvise called blazing star root), in a little weak tanzy tea; if faint, put in it some gin or brandy. You can administer this dose every three hours, if required. It seldom fails of giving instant relief, and is an excellent gargle for a sore mouth, sore throat, or scrofula. RECIPES. 107 Pregnant Ladies.—Take one quart of butternuts, when green and so soft that you can run a needle into them, one ounce ginger root, and three pints molasses; boil them at least half an hour, sloAvly. Take one three times a Aveek, and drink frequently of slippery elm bark, steeped in water. If this is unpleasant, put in a few sumach berries, a little black birch bark, or a small quantity of tanzy, merely to give a flavor. , To Remove a Film on the Eye.—Take equal quantities fresh celendine and ground ivy juice, and set it on warm ash- es, in a tin vessel, for an hour; strain the sediment from the clear juice; take a gill of this, and put in half a teaspoonful of best loaf sugar; bottle it, and wet the spot several times a day. Another.—Take the gall of an eel, and drop a little in the eye three times a week ; then put in one drop of olive oil, to heal the eye. It has cured, when all other remedies had failed. Wild Cucumber.—This is a forest tree, similar to the pop- lar ; you will often find them from seventy to eighty feet high. There are other species of the cucumber Avhich are evergreen, but the leaves of this are deciduous, oval, acuminate, and pu- bescent beneath. It produces a fruit bearing some resem- blance, while green, to a small cucumber; in August, the fruit turns to a deep red color, and opens ; the seeds are red, and the size of a kernel of corn; they have a bitter taste, and are quite pungent. I have used them extensively, and consider them very val- uable in certain forms of diseases, especially where there is a phlegmatic temperament, or a general relaxed state of the 108 RECIPES. system. In dropsical affections, I have found the cucumber to be a superior remedy. The bark of the trunk and root, is also very valuable; it is somewhat similar to the poplar, yet it is more diuretic and stimulating; it is good in dyspepsia, or where we want a remedy to increase the tone of the stom- ach. I have known and cured many cases of anasarca, and yellow fever. Make a tincture of the seeds or bark, and take half a wine glass full mornings, before dinner, and at bed time. This will cure the chronic rheumatism. I can safely say it is a very valuable medicine in all families, as it possesses tonic, stimu- lant, and diuretic properties. For Dropsical Patients—a teaspoonful of the poAvdered bark or seeds, mixed with honey, and taken mornings and at bed time, will produce a cure. Drink plentifully of dwarf elder bark tea, as a common beverage. Family Pills.—Take four ounces black root, and half an ounce each cayenne and mandrake root, pulverized ; make an extract of these together by moderate warmth, straining du- ring the time of preparing, and bring the substance to the consistency of tar; then add equal parts of pulverized gum gamboge, and natural extract of lobelia—one tenth as much as there is of the above compound extract. Previous to ma- king into pills, work into the mass seven drops of oil of spear- mint ; then form your pills with magnesia, to the size of a pea. Take from one to four or five, night and morning. It would be well to take them nine days in succession, beginning with less, and increasing if necessary. They can be relied on, and are excellent to take in the spring and autumn. RECIPES. 109 St. Anthony's Fire, or Canker Sore Throat.—Take eight ounces of beech drops, put them into four quarts cold water, boil down to two quarts and sweeten with loaf sugar; after proper evacuations, patients subject to the rose or erysipelas, may take a teacup full of this, four times a day; apply clean linen rags, wet with the decoction not sweetened, over the inflamed parts, until perfectly well. Do not take the above when your courses are flowing, or when you expect them. The above is an excellent wash for children that are chafed, either in the neck or groins ; wash the parts affected as often as necessary, using a clean cloth ; the cleaner the cloth you wash any sore with, the sooner it will heal; never use the same cloth on any sore twice ; it ought to be instantly washed in clean water, before using the second time. Carbuncles.—Take equal parts beth root and blood root, powdered fine and mixed with honey; bind it over the car- buncle, and reneAV it every two hours. Make a purge of the following : take a handful each of thoroughwort, tanzy, and tamarack bark, one ounce culver root, half ounce mandrake, ten grains sassafras bark, and half ounce angelica seed; put all together in three quarts cold water; boil seven minutes, and keep hot nine hours. Take from half a wine glass full to a whole one, three times a day. Drink, as a common bev- erage, a strong tea of princes pine, or red ozier. Emetic.—Take a large handful leaves and bloAvs of thor- oughwort, (called by some boneset,) put them into one quart boiling water, and let them stand near the fire three hours ; then stir, and strain off. Give the patient one gill, as hot as it can be drank, and if it does not operate in half an hour, give another, or half the quantity; drink every morning, a 110 RECIPES. wine glass of the remainder cold, as it is a tonic in all cases of general debility. Deafness.—Take a beaver's tail, roast it, squeeze out the oil and apply on cotton. Or, roast a turnip in ashes, squeeze out the juice, and put four drops, twice a week, into the ear. Take cleansing syrup daily. Carthartic for Fevers.—Take half ounce American ipe- cacuanha, three ounces culver root, three ounces snake root, sliced and bruised, and one quart good old rum; keep them in a covered earthen vessel by the fire, for five days, and then strain the tincture for use. Dose—a tablespoonful twice a day. As a diaphoretic, in low stages of fever, and in confluent small pox, Avhen sores appear gangrene, and the poAvers of life seem sunk, take the following mixture : four drachms of bruised snake root, one pint boiling Avater, two drachms tinc- ture snake -root, four drachms syrup of ginger. Dose—tAvo tablespoonsful, to be taken every three hours, in the above complaint. Lumbago.—Take one pound of fresh brake root, or female fern, one ounce sumach root, cut fine, half ounce culver root, half ounce mandrake root, and half ounce angelica seed ; boil them in two quarts whiskey, until they become slimy ; then dip cloths in and bind on. Take a tablespoonful nights, in- wardly, and half a wine glass full mornings. Repeat the ap- plication on the spine, very frequently. Rickets in Children.—Take one ounce of brake root, or female fern, cut fine, and pour one quart of boiling water on RECIPES. Ill it; SAveeten it, and give the child a teacup full four times a day; if the child is too young to take this dose, give less, ac- cording to age. At the same time, use the decoction in rum, for bathing the spine and limbs of the child; it would be well to bathe the child in a spring, every morning in summer. Scrofulous Swellings.—Take the inner bark of bayberry bush, pound it soft, and apply it over the swellings and sores, nights and mornings. Drink a strong tea made of bayberry leaves—a teacup full four times a day. Wind, or Cholic.—Take one ounce of bayberry berries, bruise them well, and half ounce master-Avort seed, well pul- verized or bruised; infuse them in three pints of best cogniac brandy for a week, and shake the bottle frequently. Take a half wine glass full in the same quantity Avarm water, twice a day, on an empty stomach ; if necessary, take it three times a day. Indian Remedy for Fevers.—I find the Indians more incident to fevers, than any other disease, and they rarely fail to cure themselves, by sweating, and then plunging themselves into cold water, which, they say, is the only way not to catch cold. I once saw an instance of this kind. Being in search of a particular root, at the Lake of the Tavo Mountains, about thirty miles from Montreal, I called on an Indian chief, and found him ill of a fever; his head and limbs were apparently much affected with pain; his wife was preparing a bagnio, or bath, for him. The bagnio resembled a large oven, into which he crept by a door; on the side opposite the door was a hole, in which she put hot stones. She fastened the hole up as closely as possible, to prevent the least air entering therein. 112 recipes. While he was sweating in his bagnio, his Avife Avas preparing his road to the lake. This was in August, 1835—a very cold season; in less than half an hour, he was in so great a sweat that when he came out, he was as Avet as if he had come out of a river, and the steam from his body Avas so thick, that it Avas hard to discern his form or face, although I stood near him. In this condition, naked, a body cloth only excepted, he ran to the river, about thirty paces distant, ducked himself two or three times, and returned, passing through his bagnio, to mitigate the severe shock of the cold, to his OAvn house, perhaps twenty paces further, and, wrapping himself in his woolen mantle, lay down at full length near a long, but gentle fire in the middle of his wigAvam—turning himself several times, till dry; he then arose, and began getting dinner ready for us, seeming to be as easy and as well as either of us. The squaws wash their new-born babes in cold water, aa soon as they are delivered, often repeating the same healthy operation. I have recommended cold water to a number of Aveak females, during pregnancy, and they have borne up with a vigor scarcely less wonderful than that of the Indian Avoman. Hardihood of Indian Women.—The great power of endu- rance which the Indian Avoman of the forest, uncontaminated by the blighting influence which civilization often introduces among them, many have noticed. Every one has read the account of their remarkable health, during pregnancy and child-birth. Washington Irving, in his "Astoria," in giving an account of a journey, through the dreary deserts lying betAveen the Snake and Columbia Rivers, says : "And here we cannot but notice the Avonderful patience, perseverance, and hardihood of the Indian woman, as exem- plified in the conduct of the poor squaw of the interpreter. recipes. 113 She was now far advanced in pregnancy, and had two child- ren to take care of—one four, and the other two years of age. The latter, of course, she frequently had to carry on her back, in addition to the burdens usually imposed upon the squaw; yet she had borne all her hardships without a murmur, and throughout this weary and painful journey, had kept pace with the best pedestrians. Indeed, on various occasions, in the course of this enterprise, she displayed a force of charac- ter that won the respect and applause of the white man." PHYSIOLOGY. ^S $ To my Beloved Sex :— ^tpEEING so many of you daily im- tvposed upon by those Avho profess to be acquainted with prolapsus uteri, | or falling of the Avomb, and know- ing that two-thirds of the married ^ladies are very ignorent, as regards the structure of their OAvn bodies, and therefore the more easily im- p^V posed upon, I will endeavor to give ^t>vtA iV a full description and explanation of the living animal, which we call physiology. It is a beautiful study, and we read of King David's admiration, after vieAving the structure of his own body; he exclaims in rapture, " I am fearfully and wonderfully made !" I am sorry this impor- tant study is excluded from our schools. The reader may ask—what are the component parts of the living animal, the heart, brain, eyes, ears, muscles, bones, and the many other parts—how do they act, and what are their uses 2 FORMATION OF THE CHEST. The chest is formed by the back bone behind, the breast bone in front, and the ribs, which go from the back bone to the breast bone. Seven of the ribs are long, and five short; 116 PHYSIOLOGICAL REMARKS. the five lower are the short ribs, and they are united to the breast bone by an elastic cartilage ; by this construction, the chest is made flexible. Now that I have explained the formation of the lungs, Ave will look in and see Avhat it contains—the lungs and heart. The lungs are wedge-shaped—the small ends being up under the collar bone, Avhile the base, or larger part, is at the bottom, turned down heavily in the midriff. The lungs are attached to the Avind-pipe, and larger air vessels and blood vessels, these likewise being connected to the back bone Avith cartilages. The lungs float downward into the midriff, and against the ribs or the side of the chest, every time the air is drawn into the chest. They are divided into two parts, on each side of the chest, something like a sponge, full of cells; the most correct resemblance of these cells, or vacancies, would be, in my opinion, a thick branch of some shrub, very full of the minutest berries you can conceive of, and without leaves; you must imagine the shrub as hollow, through all its branches and twigs, until quite into the cells ; then cut the extremity of all the twigs, until you bring it to a wedge shape, and Aveave something like a spider web, to cover the cells, so that nothing but the air or blood can pass through, to be renewed. The heart is in front, between the two tubes of the lungs. It is likewise Avedge-shaped, the base, or larger end being up, Avhile the small end points downward, slanting into, the left chest; it occupies one-third more room in the left chest than in the right, measuring from the centre of the breast bone, under Avhich the heart is placed, towards the middle of the breast bone. PHYSIOLOGICAL REMARKS. 117 This important organ is little known, and I wish to explain its offices and revolutions, in a comprehensive manner, that all may understand it. We have three different kinds ol blood vessels ; the largest vein is called vena cava?; the smaller veins are called cap- illaries and arteries ; every time you prick yourself, you open a capillary vein. On the right side is the vena cava?, one part descending and the other ascending, but both meeting on the right side; this brings all the contaminated blood from all parts of the body; from thence it empties into the right ven- tricle, then to the right auricle, pushes on to the pulmonary artery, through the lungs, to be purified, returns with velocity to the left auricle, and then to the left ventricle. There are thousands and tens of thousands little arteries, that carry the blood to all parts of the body. I will quote a report from Dr. EdAvards. He had been speaking of the wonderful distribution of the blood, in the little arteries, when he added : "Along on the lines of these little tubes or canals, (the arteries,) through which the blood with all its treasures flows, God has provided a vast multitude of little organs, or waiters, Avhose office is each one to take out of the blood, as it comes along, that kind and quantity of nourishment which it needs, for its own support, and also for the support of that part of the body which is committed particularly to its care. And, although exceedingly minute and delicate, they are endoAved by their Creator with the wonderful power of doing this, and also of abstaining from, or of expelling and throwing back into the common mass, what is unsuitable, or what they do not want, to be carried to some other place where it may be 118 PHYSIOLOGICAL REMARKS. needed; or, if it is not needed anywhere, and is good for nothing, to be thrown out of the body as a nuisance. " Noav let us follow these little organs, as they fly upAvard, to carry support to the hair, to make it groAV. But, as they proceed upward, the ears will want serum—the eyes will Avant something for the eye-balls, and the organs about the eye will take that and Avork it up into the eyes, and cause them to groAV ; then proceed on to your joints, and along the bones, muscles and nerves; the joints want strength—it is a fluid called synovia, in physiology; then proceed to your finger nails." So you see the whole system is supported by the blood ; all these vessels or supports go to every organ in the body, and are called secretions; if these secretions are obstructed by disease, they cannot perform ther regular routine, or office, and the parts will gradually become infirm. The blood car- ries little atoms, or particles, to make all parts of the body groAV, and which, you may percei\'c, are necessary to replace the atoms which are worn off by friction, in our motion, as there is a constant waste in every part of the body, or sys- tem. Now let me return to the heart. It is not larger than a man's fist, and is strong and muscular. It is, as I said before, situated slanting, or obliquely ; both sides of the heart fill in the same instant, and then contract, shrink, and compresses, with as much force as a strong man could press it Avith his hand. Such is the admirable circulation of the blood, that this revolution goes regular, one hundred thousand times in twenty-four hours. How can we but admire the creation of such a beautiful machine! Then consider Iioav much resistance this poor PHYSIOLOGICAL REMARKS. 119 heart has to overcome, in sending blood to all parts of the body, and the many obstructions in its way, which causes it to stop its motion, or it will quiver and throb, according as it is repulsed by those obstructions. How many there are avIio say, " My heart is diseased—the physician says so." Noav, my friends, not in one case of ten is the heart diseased ; but it is obstructed in its revolutions, by not being able to send the blood through these little vessels, to all parts of the body; they are crooked, and the least impediment must necessarily cause agitation, or stop this great propeller. There is a strong partition between the right and left sides of the heart, so that the right auricle and right ventricle, Avith their blood, brought back from the veins, can have noth- ing to do with the blood in the left auricle and left ventricle; it is, indeed, as if there were two hearts, placed side by side, and pressed closely together. We knoAv not how the heart is kept in motion, nor can the wisest anatomist or physiologist in the world tell us ; we knoAv that the lungs have something to do in the case, and, when once set a-going, Ave can form some idea of what keeps it in motion—but, after all, the real causes of the continued movement of either the heart or lungs, has ever been a great mystery, and may possibly always remain so. Our bones, nerves, and muscles receive life and nourish- ment from the blood ; then hovy necessary it should be pure and clean. As the blood is made from our food, we should be careful as to the quality and quantity, eating only Avhat is conducive to health, which surely will promote happiness. Strong spices, hot bread, rich pies and cakes, salt pork and beef, are injurious eating at all hours of- the day, especially at bed time, and is contrary to the laAvs of nature. Some may 120 PHYSIOLOGICAL REMARKS. laugh, and say, "Why, I eat half a mince pie, and half a dozen pickles, every night, and yet I am avcII." You may tantalize your digestive organs for a while, but remember, your gratifying your unnatural appetite, will be repaid by years of pain and distress. Be rational beings; eat to live, and not live to eat. Mothers, as a general thing, feed their children too often; even if you nourish your child Avith the breast, it should be regular—not twenty times a day, and all night. This is very Avrong ; you bring your little ones up gluttons, and, as soon as they are weaned, they will be continually crying for some- thing to eat—never satisfied. Always be regular in eating your own meals, and giving the same to your children, if you wish them to be healthy ; as a general rule, give them food according to your OAvn judgment—not too much. I think many a poor child has been murdered, by an over fond mother giving it all it wanted, and not using that judgment which was required, because the child cried. O ! mothers, be firm, wise, and prudent, in raising those tender plants ; remember, if the digestive organs are too weak, the child will fall into fits. Let a child eat mashed potatoes; all vegetables are better, and give more nourishment, than cakes and pies; a little lean meat, is healthy for a child. In our food, we all want a change; but let all be Avell cooked, well baked, and plainly seasoned. Noav let me go back, and say a little in regard to the nerves and bones. The nerves derive their support from the blood, but not entirely, for the nerves may be weakened by othei causes ; still they depend on the blood, in a measure, for sup- port. For instance, a lady may fall and break her back bone, or spine ; now this is the seat of the nerves ; they all branch PHYSIOLOGICAL REMARk... 121 out from the spine, and, of course, all the nerves are affected; perhaps the pain Avould be most severe at the extremity of the nerves. Many able and eminent physicians have been baf- fled, in procuring ease to their patients, as there Avas no pain where the parts were injured, but at the extremity of the nerves. , The digestive organs depend entirely upon the nerves for support; therefore, never irritate the spine by blistering, as it injures every nerve. Everything that is applied to the spine—plasters, bathing, or drops, should be of a cooling nature, and at the same time strengthening, and never irritat- ing, as it only makes you worse ; I never saw any good effect derived from it. K you Avant to irritate, draw from the spine, by putting blisters on the thighs or legs, not to the spine or head; let your motive be, in all cases, to draw dowmvard. Hoav do the joints derive support from the blood ? It is the secretion we call in physiology, synovia. It serves the same purpose as the grease which men use for wheels, to pre- vent their making a noise ; so, Avhen this secretion is obstruc- ted, or the circulation irregular, the ligaments and muscles find no support, and consquently they become stiff and inac- tive ; call it rheumatism, if you like, or weak joints. Some- times the bones become crooked and deformed, which is often caused by mercury, or by scrofula, which creates heat, and absorbes all the nourishment from them. Sometimes the mus- cles become stiff; in all such cases, cleanse the blood, and rub in hemlock tincture; you will find, in this book, very good bathing drops. THE DIAPHRAGM. Now that I have explained the circulation of the blood, and showed you the contents of the chest, I will proceed to the F 122 PHTSIOLOGICAL REMARKS midriff. The contents of the chest arc separated from the abdomen, by a floating curtain, called the midriff, or diaphragm. The midriff is the floor of the lungs ; the right and left por- tions are loose, and float upward into the chest every time Ave breathe out the air in the the chest; on breathing, or drawing in the air, the midriff of a person in health, forms a floor to the lungs and heart, and it descends until it is draAvn tight, flat and stiff, across the body. The arrangement of the mid- riff is such, as always to form a strong support to the heart and lungs, as it floats below the lungs, every time Ave empty the air out from the chest. The midriff is united, or fastened to the back bone, breast bone, and the middle of the ribs; therefore, we say the right and left portions float upward into the chest. Hoav often is this part strained, and then called consumption! I alloAV there may be a cough, and tightness across the chest; but the real cause is, the lungs have lost their support, and conse- quently they wither and decay, unless you can strengthen the floor or support, that is, the ligaments; the symptoms arc, you are unable to draw a long breath; if you go up stairs, your breath becomes short. Hoav many of you have had relations or some female friend, whom you considered near dying of consumption, but fortu- nately became pregnant; and she, to your astonishment, en- joyed better health than for years previous. But hoAV could it be so ? Why, this is the cause : as soon as the foetus rose from the vagina, it supported the midriff, and pushed up the floor of the lungs, and the poor patient found instant relief; she could breathe freely, could Avalk easily, her cough ceased, and her sleep was calm. But alas ! as soon as parturition takes place, her symptoms all return, and, as no one under- stands her case, she must die, through ignorance. PHYSIOLOGICAL REMARKS. 123 Young men very often sprain their midriff, by lifting, or in Avrestling, and frequently die of consumption, Avhen, by a little care and judicious treatment, they might be saved. In the first place, your lungs hang on your wind-pipe, air vessels, and blood vessels; now, if so, they want a support, and the midriff is this support; but if it is gone, do not-be surprised if you decap a blood vessel, and thereby spit blood from that cause ; but be not frightened to death by this, as it will, in many cases, relieve you and be beneficial in the end THE GULLET. The gullet is the food pipe; it passes through the chest, from the back part of the mouth, along the back bone; its shape is tolerably regular, until it passes the contents of the chest; then it opens into a spacious apartment, called the stomach; it lies across the body, leaning to the left side ; it is more like a bag, than anything I can describe ; it is very close to the diaphragm, and one Avould suppose the diaphragm rested on it. The stomaeh of an adult, will hold from one to three pints. THE LIVER. This is the largest gland in the human body. It lies on the right side, under the right breast; the gall bladder is attached to the liver, and there is also a communication with the stomach ; the gall bladder is the size of your thumb, and is called secretion, or bile ; if we have too much, it overfloAvs, and causes jaundice, sick head-ache, gall, stones, and many other diseases, which cannot be cured, unless you commence bv cleansing jour blood. As the liver is a land it can be 124 THE ABDOMEN. diseased in various ways ; it can be ulcerated, and may con- tain grubs, or Avorms. THE ABDOMEN. This contains the intestines, and commences from the stom- ach ; that part the ancients used to call the second stomach, is noAV termed duodenum ; this turns doAvnward and back- Ava-rd, tOAvard the right side, there it turns again to the left, and I may say, zig-zags, until it joins the larger intestines ; both ends of the large intestines, are tied to the back bone, to keep them from floating; the loAver end passes through the basket of the hips, to the end of the back bone, to keep it in its right place ; this forms the back passage, and the end of the back bone is called the rectum. The boAvels move; and if so, how often you injure yourself by not obeying the calls of nature to evacuate them; you put it off to some more convenient time ; but nature will not be baffled with impu- nity—yon must suffer for your omission the next day, or day after; the head is afflicted, and you go to your closet, force and strain to accomplish Avhat you refused nature at the suit- able time ; as the intestines float, will you not cause debility and disease ? Yes, surely you will; then, of course, you have recourse to physic, and this makes you worse, as the intes- tines become coated. Now for the results ; as I said before, the large intestines pass through the basket of the hips ; they are straight along the bone, when in a healthy condition, but by this forcing and straining, they become draAvn down, in a wrinkled condition, and there is no action ; thence arises cos- tiveness, constipation, piles, ulcers, fistulas, and numerous other diseases, Avhich assail these parts, through neglecting the calls of nature. And here I Avould observe, in regard to your PHYSIOLOGICAL REMARKS. 125 children, be watchful; I have been told by girls from six to tAvelve years old, hoAv they have been so costive, ^hat they Avould have to force themselves to such a degree, that every object around them appeared black. 0 ! Avhat poor misera- ble beings will they be all their lives, through a mother's neg- lect. Never let a young child sit too long on a vessel or chair ; it Aveakens the intestines, and brings on general debil- ity. I have knoAvn many to die in fits, and to have the relaxation of the fundament, merely by sitting too long on a stool chair. THE KIDNEYS. Tho kidneys are not in the box of the hips, but above it, in the small of the back, on each side of the back bone. Their office is to separate the salt, earth, and surplus water, from the blood ; there is a chamber to each kidney, into which the water is first poured ; from each of these chambers, there is a pipe, or tube, that passes downward to the bladder ; this tube is called, in physiology, the ureter. The kidneys seem to be a sort of sieve, or filter, with this difference, however : while a sieve permits only the finest and best part to pass through it, the kidneys filter out the worse, or coarser parts ; these are carried to the bladder, Avhence they are conveyed immediately out of the system. In a natural and healthy state, the proper time when the bowels should be evacuated, is indicated by nature ; should the Avater be retained, and the voice of nature disobeyed, the effects are these : as in the bowels, it will lessen the action of the bladder and kidneys, and Avhat you retain, does more injury than you can possibly imagine ; your kidneys become coated by retention—thence come gravel, stone, stoppage of the urine, and various- other diseases of the kidneys and bladder 126 PHYSIOLOGICAL REMARKS. Never trifle with nature. What pain and suffering might be averted, if all would obey the first call of nature! By retention of the urine, a bad odor arises from the body; Avhat you retain in the bladder, is emitted from the pores in a meas- ure, and your perspiration is very offensive. Mothers ought to instruct their children in regard to this important call of nature. I have found, in my practice, a great number who habituated themselves to retain the water in the bladder all day, that is, from morning to bed time; and what miserable looking objects they were; their countenances were salloAv, and the skin dry and withered, although young in years. The kidney may be ulcerated, and contain grubs, as avcII as the liver, it being likewise a gland, but much smaller than the liver. You can injure the kidneys by food, as all water or liquids go immediately to the kidneys; sweet spices and all acids should be avoided, as they coat the kidneys, and cause the gravel; the ureter, or pipe which takes the Avater to the bladder, finally gets filled and obstructed, so the Avater cannot pass thence. BASKET OF THE HIPS. The bony walls of the hips are very strong and solid. The only part that is movable, is the loAver end of the back bone, in front; behind the cross bone is the bladder, next comes the womb, and behind this is the back passage. THE WOMB AND ITS APPENDAGES. The womb is pear-shaped—the large end being uppermost, and the small end, or mouth, doAvnward, and connected with the neck of the vagina. It hangs on four crotchets, or hooks, which are the upper ligaments to support it; it is also sup- PHYSIOLOGICAL REMARKS. 127 ported by muscles, and from the crown of your head to the ends of your fingers and toes, there are small fibres connected with it. I would say to all, be careful not to stretch or reach the arm higher than its natural limits; a child from seven years old and upwards, to fifteen, may injure these supporters by jumping, and swinging at the length of their arms ; so the squaws of the Iroquois tribe assure me, and.I have seen a large number of the most distressing cases of this kind. THE OVARIES. The ovaries are on each side of the womb, and are a great support to it; ovaries signify egg vessels, and egg, in physi- ology, means ovum. The egg is the beginning of our specie, or animal life; thence the germ, or seed. The ovaries are two balls, the size of a small egg, connected with the womb by a pipe, or tube, called the fallopian tube; this tube, or passage, carries the ovum to the Avomb. AVhen menstruation takes place, the ripening and expulsion of the egg is affected by a real inflammation, similar to what may be seen Avhen you run a nail, or piece of wood, into your flesh, Avhen there will arise an inflammation which will cause it to fester, and then it is easily removed from the flesh ; it is • this periodical irritation, which causes a sympathetic inflammation; at the beginning of the month, the inflammation is slight, but about the time the egg is expelled from the vesicles, the inflamma- tion reaches its height; in order to give relief, the vessels pour out an abundance of blood, and frequently mucous, according to the healthy condition of the ovaries. The ova- ries are placed very low in the groins, advancing into the pelvis. In case of malformation, the menses never appear, and impregnation is impossible; but I have known females 128 PHYSIOLOGICAL REMARKS. to become mothers at the -age of fifteen, and they never saw their menses; no doubt, if they had not married, it Avould have come about in its OAvn time. But here I Avould remark, it is frequently colorless in weak, scrofulous constitutions, and often these obstructions are in the fallopian tube, and falling of the Avomb is the principal cause. The periodical discharge of the blood, I may say, is often from the uterus, through the vagina, and sometimes from the vagina alone. Menstruation commences between the ages of fourteen and eighteen; I have, hoAvevcr, in my practice, found several cases Avhere they appeared at the age of ten years; but this is not a general rule, and such cases rarely occur. Usually, the earlier the menses appear, the sooner they disappear ; but, as a general rule, the menses ought not to depart until at the age of forty- eight or fifty, and I have known them to continue to fifty-five, and those females were perfectly well. As I said before, the mouth of the womb is connected Avith the vagina, Avhich signifies a tube, or passage. The vagina is a very thick wall, capable of dilating and contracting, to a very great extent; its length is from four, to five, six, and seven inches, and some anatomists have testified that it is, in some rare cases, even eight inches long ; it is not strait-*its curve is in front, next to the bladder, Avhile the convex part is next to the rectum, or larger bowels. I explain this, as many are led into error, imagining the Avomb Avithin an inch of the entrance. Noav, my friends, I have given you a plain description of your internal organs, and I hope you will overlook its defi- ciencies ; I have given my descriptions as delicately as possible. DISEASE OF THE WOMB. I will endeavor to explain to you the diseases of the womb and ovaries. In the first place, you can injure the Avomb by PHYSIOLOGICAL REMARKS. 129 miscarriages; but previous to this, perhaps the ligaments of the womb Avere Aveak, and the cause of the miscarriage might be attributed to that. No female should stand on the ends of her toes and reach, as it injures the Avomb ; all tight lacing is injurious; by costiveness, you impair the womb; lift- ing, beyond your strength, should be avoided. Child-bearing, or violent labor in child-birth, retention of the after-birth— all combine to weaken every muscle and ligament of the womb, and bring on prolapsus uteri, or falling of the Avomb. I have known the Avomb to be caloused, in several cases ; and as to its failing, as we say, it may be felt more on the rectum and ovaries, and there will, in these cases, be more pain in the sciatica joints, or hip bone, and it may press more on the loAver part of the bowels; this is generally brought on by costiveness; long Avaists have done their work, as Avell as heavy petticoats ; all these combine to press down the boAvels and ligaments of the Avomb; all fall, or bear heavily on the ureter and fallopian tube, and bring on many distressing dis- eases, as leucorrhoea, or Avhites. I will here explain the cause of this running, as many are perfectly ignorant of it; in most cases, it is the Aveeping of the ovaries; when it is purely Avhite, we call it Aveakness—as a sore or Aveak eye weeps, so do the ovaries ; and when it changes color, green or yellow, and has a disagreeable smell, no doubt they are.diseased—either ulcers in the ovaries, or womb, and the distillation is so acrid, that it causes itching and smarting in the vagina, and the lips of it are SAvelled. There have been, of late, several cases in my practice, in Avhich the female has communicated the same dis- ease to her husband—similar to the clap. But remember, I have known such cases among the most virtuous, and where there Avas not the least taint of any venereal disease in the system ; I do not say but that their blood might be contami- V* 130 PHYSIOLOGICAL REMARKS. nated Avith humors ; I seldom meet with a person, but has more or less humors to combat with. And hoAv many have been injured by mercury, which poisons the blood. Girls may be troubled with the whites, at from three months to fourteen years of age. The womb can be ulcerated as well as the ovaries, and thence comes dropsy, cancers, and various other diseases; and by this pressing down, in fact, two-thirds die of consumption, because all the parts are pulled down, from the midriff, to the liver, intestines, kidneys, womb, and ova- ries—there is no action—all is in a debilitated state. Now Avhat can be done ? In the first place, put waists on your petticoats; then obtain a cleansing syrup—you Avill find a recipe for one in the foregoing pages ; then take a piece of leather, that will cover from the breasts to the pelvis, a quar- ter of a. yard wide above, but narrower at the bottom, making a hole in it for the navel; spread it with strengthening plas- ter, a recipe for Avhich will be found in this book; drink the following as a constant beverage: take five roots of sAvcet fern, a tablespoonful of dry tanzy, and boil in two quarts of water; then strain, and drink a tumbler half full tAvice during the day. When the top of the Avomb falls forward, it infringes on the back part, and top of the bladder, and every few minutes you have a desire to -evacuate the water; there is a sinking feeling at the stomach, and pain, or distress, in the bladder. Sometimes the womb will protrude in, and on the pelvis, and below, into the front passage; if there is no one near that understands my mode of treatment in this case, do it your- self; I learned it from a squaw, and have replaced ten thou- sand or more. In the first place, wash it well with cold wa- ter, and hold wet cloths to it; then lay on your back, an^ ™\'_ PHYSIOLOGICAL REMARKS. 131 it up carefully with your hand, holding or drawing in your breath ; then apply a womb plaster. Never alloAV a male or female practitioner to plug your womb; it only destroys it, and causes ulcers, cancers, and a multitude of other diseases, in the womb. ABORTION. It seems to me, every female of common sense—letting alone Christianity, would shudder at the expression of this word, if they really knew its definition, or could realize the extent of the crime. The Boston Scalpel defines the word " abortionism," to be " the knowledge and practice of expelling from the womb the ovum, or foetus, ere it is matured." In this enlightened century, when the gospel is read and preached in every tongue, can it be possible that we find women so barbarous, as to destroy the immortal life which God has given. You may deprive the precious, unborn babe from coming into this beautiful world, but its spirit will return to God, who gave it, and arise in judgment against you. Many females at the present day, exclaim, (and it is a fashionable saying,) " I could have children, if I choosed, but I will not be annoyed with them, and my husband dislikes them." How unlike the blessed Savior! He took children in his arms, and blessed them. What Avere your intentions, in taking upon you the duties of a Avife ? Surely, some motive must have prompted your ambition, or you did not take a realizing sense of its duties, as it was expressly commanded by God himself. After He had created Eve, He joined Adam and Eve together, and said, "Go forth and multiply!" He did not say, "gratify your carnal passions, and destroy the effects;" but He said, "replenish the earth." The fruits of the Avomb 132 PHYSIOLOGICAL REMARKS. are God's reward, and He has choosen Avoman to bring forth at His command. No time in the life of Avoman, can she feel to lift up her heart and voice, to praise God, Avith more fervor for his pro- tecting care, and rejoice in His mercy, than after a safe deliv- ery of a living babe. She forgets all her suffering, when she clasps the little innocent to her breast. In ancient times, miscarriage was thought to be a curse on the female, as it endangers her life, by bringing on hemorrhage, from the adhe- sion of the placenta. There is a difference between miscar- riage and abortion : an exclusion of the foetus six, and some- times seven weeks after the cessation of the menses, is termed miscarriage ; between that and six months, an abortion ; and between that and nine months, premature labor. Sometimes the fault lies in some deficiency on the part of the ovum. Abortion may be caused by the inability of the uterus to distend itself, beyond a certain limit; and this may be impu- ted to dress, nine cases out of ten. Woman Avas designed by God, as I have said before, to bring forth ; she is, by nature, a producer of her race, inten- ded, by God, to feed and nourish, Avith her OAvn blood, the foetus, and bring it into the Avorld, an image of God himself, and of man. Abortion is unnatural; and many lose their lives, directly after it, and feAV gain their strength, as it Avas previous to it. And all those preventatives, which are in fashion at the pres- ent day, to baffle the will of God, are an abomination in His all-seeing eye, and He will repay ten fold. Kind and beloved woman ! preserve thy purity, virtue, and chastity, and thy days will be many and pleasant upon the earth; and finally, thou shalt become a chosen angel in Heaven, to sing the praises of God and the Lamb ! PHYSIOLOGICAL REMARKS. 133 MASTURBATION. Masturbation, or self-pollution, has brought many to an untimely_grave. It is held to with tenacity, because of the evenescent, fleeting, and animal pleasure derived therefrom. Mothers, hoAV many of your children could you save, by timely care, while in their infant state ! Teach them chastity ; not to expose their bodies; not to allow the least exposure to sis- ters, and never to brothers—it contaminates the mind; never allow boys and girls to sleep together. Children never forget what they hear, as many suppose. How often do we find mothers, Avho have no respect for their children, frequently using the most obscene language in their presence, and sow- ing the seeds of impurity. St. Paul says, " Being evil your- selves, give good gifts to them that ask." Your children depend on every word, look, and action ; you can form them as you will—to virtue, or vice. You can rule the nation ! Never allow your children to sleep with strangers; how- ever young, they may learn more of impurity in ten minutes, than you could teach them virtue in years. The reason why I speak to you of the necessity of having a Avatchful eye on your offspring, is that so many young men and women, Avhom I have been called to visit, in consumption, and some in a deranged state, have confessed to me, that they had contracted an intimacy Avith a play-mate, Avho had taught them the act of self-pollution, and, to their sorrow, had practiced the same for years, till they had no control of themselves ; this brought involuntary emissions, and thence come leucorrhcea, falling of the womb, and frequently insanity ; the greatest number, as a general rule, end in consumption. Doctors are too delicate to mention the cause of this disease, and treat the case, directly 134 PHYSIOLOGICAL REMARKS. opposite to Avhat it should be, as all the internal organs are debilitated. I will relate a very distressing case, which I hope will be a Avarning to mothers and daughters : A daughter of one of the first families of Springfield, Mas- sachusetts, a few years ago, was pronounced by all the physi- cians of that city, to be in a consumption. I Avas called on, by a friend of the family, and requested to visit the young lady, at her special request, immediately. I lost no time, but went instantly, and what a pitiful object I beheld ! A living skeleton—a fearful picture of self-pollution ! I desired all to quit the apartment, and this poor child confessed her weak- ness ; she was willing to die, she said, if she could atone for the trouble and expense she had brought on her parents. Noav what was to be done. I well knew her debility Avas too great to depend on tonics, and to save her, I must gain her confidence and love. I left her, and returned soon after, got her permission to divulge the secret to her mother, and lost no time, in order to save her from death. She must have her genital organ cut out; the operation should take place instantly, as involuntary emissions Avould soon carry her off, her debility was so great. But thanks be to God, she is still living, in the far west; but never can she enjoy the blessings of married life. ROOTS AND HERBS. HOW TO COLLECT AND PRESERVE THEM OLLECT such as are sound and perfect, and separate from them such as are injured or decayed. Those precautions must be taken which are best fitted for preserving them, and they should, as a general rule, be defended from the effects of mois- ture, too great heat, or cold, and confined air. Vegetable matters should be collected in the countries where they are indigenous, and those which grow wild in dry soil and high situations, fully exposed to the air and sun, are, in general, to be preferred to those which are cultivated, or Avhich groAV in moist, low, shady, or confined places. Roots which are annual, should be collected before they shoot out their stalks, or flowers; biennial roots, in the har- vest of the first, or spring of the second year; perennial roots, either in spring, before the sap begins to mount, or in harvest, after it has returned. Those which are worm eaten, except 136 ROOTS AND HERBS. some resinous roots, or Avhich are decayed, are to be rejected; the others are immediately to be cleaned, Avith a brush and cold Avater, letting them lie in it as short a time as possible ; the fibres and little roots, when not essential, are to be cut aAvay. Roots which consist principally of fibres, and have but a small top, may be immediately dried, if they are juicy, and not aromatic; this may be done by heat, not 100 degrees of Fahrenheit; but, if aromatic, by simply exposing and turn- ing them frequently in a current of dry air ; if they are thick and strong, they should be split or cut into slices, and strung upon thread; if covered with a rough bark, they may be peeled fresh, then dried. Such, as lose their virtues by drying, or are directed to be preserved in a fresh state, arc to be kept buried in dry sand. No very general rule can be given for the collection of herbs and leaves—some of them acquiring activity by age, and oth- ers, as the mucilaginous leaves, from the same cause, losing the properties for which they are effcient. Aromatics are to be gathered after the floAver buds are formed; annuals, not aromatic, when they are about to floAver, or Avhen in floAver; biennials, before they shoot, and perrenials, before they flower, especially if their fibres become Avoody ; they are to be gath- ered in dry weather, after the dew is off them, or in the eve- ning, before it falls, and are to be freed from decayed, with- ered, or foreign leaves; they are usually tied in bundles, and hung up in a shady, warm, and airy place, or spread upon the floor, and frequently turned; if very juicy, they are laid upon a sieve, and dried by a gentle degree of artificial warmth, by the stove. Sprouts are collected before the buds open, and stalks are gathered in autumn. ROOTS AND HERBS. 137 Barks and Avoods are collected when the most active part of the vegetable are concentrated in them, which occurs in spring and in autumn ; spring is preferred for resinous barks, and autumn for others, which are not resinous, but rather gummy. Barks should be taken from young trees. Among the resinous woods, the heaviest, which sink in water, are selected ; the alburnum is to be rejected. Flowers are collected in dry weather, before noon, but after the dew is off, either when they are just about to open, or immediately after they have opened ; of some, the petals only are preserved, and the colorless claAvs are even cut aAvay ; of others, whose calyx is odorous, the whole floAver is kept. Flowers Avhich are too small to be pulled singly, are dried with part of the stalk, and are called heads, or tops. Flowers and herbs are to be dried by the gentle heat of a stove, or common fire, in such quantities at a time, that the process may be finished as quickly as possible—for by this means their powers are best preserved, the test of Avhich is the per- fect preservation of their natural color ; when they lose their color and smell, they are unfit for use. Seeds and fruits, unless when otherwise directed, are to be gathered when ripe, but before they fall spontaneously. Some pulpy fruits are freed from their core, and seeds are strung on thread, and dried artificially; they are, in general, best pre- served in their natural coverings, although some, as the cola- cynth, are peeled, and others, as the tamarind, preserved fresh. Many of these are apt to spoil, or become rancid; and as they are then no longer fit for medical use, no very large quantity of them should be collected at a time. The proper drying of vegetable substances, is of the great- est importance. It is often directed to be done in the shade, 138 ROOTS AND HERBS. and slowly, that the volatile and active particles /may not be dissipated by too great heat. But this is an error ; for they ahvays lose infinitely more by sIoav than by quick drying. When, on account of the color, they cannot be exposed to the sun, and the warmth of the atmosphere is insufficient, they should be dried by an artificial Avarmth, less than 100 degrees of Fahrenheit, and well exposed to a current of air. When perfectly dry and friable, they have little smell, but after being kept some time, they attract moisture from the air, and regain their proper odor. The boxes and draAvers in Avhich vegetable matters are kept, should not impart to them any smell or taste ; and more certainly to avoid this, they should be lined Avith paper. Such as are volatile, of a delicate texture, or subject to suffer from insects, must be kept in Avell-covered glasses. Fruits and oily seeds, Avhich are apt to become rancid, must be kept in a cool and dry, and by no means in a warm or moist place. Oily seeds, odorous plants, and those containing volatile principles, should be collected fresh every year ; others, Avhose properties are more permanent and not subject to decay, will keep for several years. Vegetables collected in a moist and rainy sea- son are, in general, more watery, and apt to spoil; in a dry season, they contain more oily and resinous particles, and keep much better. MISCELLANY. TYPHOID FEVER. _|v ^^^^^®^HIS disease, which has prevailed ^T" "^sL Kj /^y extensively at the Avest, is treated under a variety of names—such as nervous, putrid, gastrionic, brain fever, &c.; while the people of this vicinity, designate it by the name of sIoav fever, Avhich, in my opinion, is about as descriptive of the disease as any above mentioned. It is most prevalent during the winter and spring. Patients are vari- ously affected during the first stages of the disease. Some are taken Avith a chill, while others are not conscious of any such sensations, but merely complain of loss of strength and appetite ; others complain of pain in their head and back. I have seen some take to their beds, and declare that nothing Avas the matter with them, and would insist on the correctness of their absurd opinions for several days. The pulse soon becomes small and frequent, the skin hot and dry, while insuf- ferable thirst continually torments the sufferer. Patients frc- 140 BATHING. guently manifest a strong propensity to sing, Avhile laboring under it, yet they seldom complain of pain, though delirium be constantly present, and the boAvels morbidly sensitive to firm pressure. I have seen patients die Avithout complaining of pain, and yet, on making post mortem examination, satis- factory evidence was furnished that inflammation of the brain, the lungs, and the mucuous membrane of the boAvels, Avere present. These inflammations, therefore, constitute some of the complications of this disease, Avhile a lack of sensibility, points to an obtunded condition of the nervous system. Ordi- narily, for four or five days, the disease does not assume an aggravated appearance, during Avhich time the fever has a ^emitting form; but shortly after this, if the patient is not relieved, the fever becomes continued; and noAV begin to rise gradually all the Avorst symptoms of typhoid fever; the tongue, Avhich at first Avas Avhite, or of a yelloAvish broAvn color, noAV becomes black, dry in the centre, and cracked; the patient soon falls into a deep coma, and delirium is almost constantly present. Twitching of the muscles of the face, subsultus- tendinum, and floccillation, are symptoms which generally attend this disease. BATHING. Somebody has said, that God gives shower baths to every thing that will stay out doors. A very significant hint, this, to human bipeds ; it seems very strange that avc are such dull scholars, in this Avorld. We see the fevered earth parch, and burn, and fail of its fruits, till the refreshing rain comes doAvn and cures it; and Ave never once think, when our blood boils, our flesh burns, and our skin parches with fever, that the same blessed medicine that is poured out on the earth, will BATHING. 141 heal us; or, if men get a little theoretical faith of this kind, they lose it as soon as they become sick. Early superstition, of all kinds, generally come upon men Avith peculiar force, when they are Aveakened and confused by illness. . There is no more invigorating process for preserving health, after the inhaling of pure air, than the daily use of the cold bath. The bath is not useful alone because it removes impu- rities from the skin; but the fresh, sparkling Avater, has an absolute life in it, which we receive. And this is the reason why the bath is so much more useful, when the Avater is just drawn from the fountain, than when it is suffered to stand, and lose its living, or electrical properties. The best time to take a bath is in the morning, when we rise. No one should take a cold bath, as if he were lazily doing an unpleasant duty; and no one can do it long. Begin- ners with the bath, should observe the following directions : Bathe the head and face first; bathe the rest of the body thoroughly and quickly; then use much friction—first with a towel, and then with the hand, or a soft brush; this should be continued until the subject is in a glow. Some people think there are so many difficulties in the way of bathing, that they cannot overcome them, and they believe they must, perforce, be like the dirty representative to an east- ern legislature, who boasted that he had not bathed for fifteen years! Let us look at these difficulties, and we shall find that " where there is a will there is a way." Anybody, that is anybody, can surely get a bowl of Avater, and a sponge, or towel; with these, he can take a thorough washing, and, if he has any energy, he can rub the body in a glow with a brush, a hand towel, or the hand. 142 HERB TEA. There is no preventive of colds equal to this simple process, repeated every morning. It makes a man feel clean, bright, and respectable. The use of Avarm baths, except in particular cases of illness, is mischievous; they Aveaken the skin, and expose the person Avho takes them, to attacks of colds and influenza. Still, the occasional use of warm baths for cleaning the skin, is better than to alloAv the skin to be dirty. Shower baths are useful in cases where there is high health, or gene- ral inflammation ; Avhere there is full reactive poAver they arc safe, and not otherwise; where they induce a chill, they are very hurtful. The indiscriminate recommendation of the shower bath, is ahvays an evidence of Arery partial knowledge. The sponge bath is probably more universally beneficial, and is safer than any other bath. HERB TEA. Mr. N. had been married but a few Aveeks, and his bride was a lovely and accomplished lady. Her health was perfect; she had never known, by personal experience, Avhat sickness is, and they were looking forward to the future Avith the most sanguine expectations of happiness. But disappointment is written upon all earthly hopes, and Mr. N. was not to be an exception from the general rule. His wife Avas suddenly taken Avith cholera. The family physician was called in, and did Avhat he could to arrest the disease. But she continued to grow worse, and a council of doctors was called, to consult measures for her relief. Mrs. N. had requested that a friend of hers, Avho had long been employed in nursing and doctoring those avIio had con- fidence in her—a lady of great talent and education in the art of curing with roots and herbs—to call in and see her. HERB TEA. 14 As this lady approached the house, and saw the carriages of the physicians, she became alarmed for the safety of her friend; but Avhen she entered the house, the silence and sadness that reigned in that once happy mansion, sent a chill to her heart. Soon the doctors came out, one by one, and silently left the house. Mr. N. did not inquire their opinion of the condition of his wife—he could read it in their looks. After all had gone but the attending physician, Mr. N. and the nurse, Mrs. T., entered the room, where the patient lay, apparently in the last stage of the disease. The doctor rose from his seat be- side the bed; as Mr. N. advanced and inquired, " Is there no hope ?" he could hardly command his voice to tell that afflic- ted man, that his wife must die ; and his gushing tears spoke his sympathy with the sufferer. Mrs. T. looked for a moment upon the unconscious form of her friend, then, turning to the doctor, said, " Tell me, my dear sir, can you do nothing more for this woman ?" He shook his head, and then turned aAvay. " Then you are willing," she continued, " I should do Avhat I can to make her more comfortable while she lives"" " Certainly," said Mr. N. " Certainly," repeated the doctor. " If you can do anything for her comfort, do it, for she cannot stay with us long." As he said this, he left the house, and Mrs. T. applied her- self to her task. She directed the friends to get some hot water, bricks, &c, while she sent a boy for some herbs; she wrote a note, and requested him to carry it to the man Avith whom she had been living. He soon returned with the arti- cles. What she gaATe the patient to drink, we do not knoAv ; but we soon saw its effects. The cold sweat Avas Aviped from •144 HERB TEA. her limbs—bottles of hot Avater Avcrc placed around her—a plaster Avas applied to her stomach, and, in a short time, she sank into a SAveet sleep, which continued an hour or tAvo, Avhen she awoke, and began to vomit. The friends Avere hoav much alarmed, and thought she must certainly die. But the joyful expression of Mrs. T.'s countenance, told them that she, at least, had no fears of a fatal result. Through the day and night, the nurse continued her exer- tions for her friend; and the next morning, Avhen the kind and sympathizing doctor came in to look at the corpse, he Avas very much surprised to find hie patient sitting up in bed, eating a boAvl of porridge ! Turning to the nurse, he asked, " What did you give this woman ?" "Herb tea, sir!" she answered, in a tone of voice Avhich forbade further questioning. Mrs. N. still lives, and, Avhen her children are sick, she gives them herb tea ! PREJUDICE. S far as I can ascertain, the present season (1857-8,) has been a remark- able healthy one, in this portion of the west. But scientifically, every few days, some poor sufferer is con signed to the grave—but not until nature has disputed, most resolutely, every inch of ground, and at last has been compelled to yield to King Calomel! It is only a few days since, a child of ten or twelve years old was laid away, with a part of the lower portion of its face already fallen off, and appearances indicating that a large part of the rest would soon have followed, had not death terminated its sufferings in mer- cy, and spared its friends the anguish of beholding the further devastations of this most potent " remedy." In such instan- ces, the outraged feelings of surviving friends, are usually quieted with the assurance that " it is the Lord's will;" and jo these works of iniquity are saddled upon the Supreme Arbi- ter of events, and He is made the scape-goat of one of the most wicked systems that ever cursed the world. I am sometimes perfectly confounded by the blind big- otry which posseses the minds of those men, whose business it is to administer to the wants of suffering humanitv. It G 146 PREJUDICE. does seem as though they thought more of conforming to the opinions of certain authors, and following the prescribed rules of a Medical Association, than they do of the lives of their patients. In their opposition, especially to reform in medical practice, some of them hesitate not to endanger the life of a felloAV-being, if, by so doing, they can bring obloquy upon that system to which they are opposed. These are hard sayings; but I am compelled to believe them, for it is but a short time since one of the poison-dealers tried to persuade a patient of mine to eat unripe peaches, only two days after he had reported him as in a very danger- ous situation, with bilious fever. This same man, was pre- scribing for a slight ailment in a stout individual, who was still able to be about town and attend to his business. This person ate some of the same kind of fruit, and thought that it injured him. He told his physician what he had done, who broke out with an oath, and told him he Avondered it had not killed him. This shows the estimation in which he held the fruit, which he had told my patient would do him good. Comments, upon such an act, are unnecessary, or upon a pro- fession which feels itself obliged to treat with contempt, every thing not paying homage to its mandates—no matter how much it may promise to add to the welfare of mankind, if it cannot trace its origin within the walls of a legalized inclo- sure. Of all men, the physician should be a liberal-minded man —ever anxious to learn all that will enable him to be of ben- efit to his suffering fellow-creatures. He should never con- clude that he has nothing more to know, or that he can find all knowledge in any one system, or theory, of practice ; he should ever be ready to learn, from every body. He who PREJUDICE. 147 expects to find out all that can be known, in one train of rea- soning, or round of study, is like a man traveling upon a circle, who thinks, because he can travel all his life-time upon that circle, he can consequently visit every place that the length of his life will permit him to visit. After a while, some one—who has learned that, in order to extend his knowl- edge, he must strike out a path diverging from that one, so long traveled—starts out accordingly in a new direction, and finds an extent of knowledge and research, of which he never before dreamed. Our traveler, who thinks that the old path will lead him to all that he can ever knoAv, comes around to the new road. He stops, and asks, " Who made this new track ? Was it the man Avho marked out the one that I am in ?" " No !" says one; " the path which you are in, tells the same old story ; this new path is a better way. Discoveries have been made in it, far more valuable than in the one in which you are, and they have been made by one who does not believe that your old way is perfect." Now see self-confidence, bigotry, and ignorance, encircling the lips of scorn. " Fools !" says he, and he goes, muttering vengeance on the " poor deluded fanatics !" But this state of things cannot always remain. The light of truth is shining, and is destined to dispel the clouds of mystery, which have so long covered the pathway to the grave, of millions of our felloAV-men. Men of intellect, sci- ence, and humanity, are engaged in' this good cause, and, so sure as " truth is mighty," it must prevail. In order, how- ever, to the accomplishment of this desired event, physicians must be men of principle, and adhere firmly to that Avhich they knoAv to be right. In the practice of some, there is too 148 PREJUDICE. much disposition to accommodate the taste and prejudice of the patient, even at his expense. I was talking with a phy- sician not long since, who advocated the practice of making medicine to suit the taste of the patient. Instead of accom- modating his desire too much, in a matter about which he cannot be a judge, the physician should take that course which will be most likely to cure him speedily, though the remedy be not quite so palatable; there should be no tam- pering with his whims, to the prolonging of his disease. This^ principle cannot be too deeply impressed upon the mind of every one, while he is receiving his medical educa- tion ; for the triumph of our cause, and the rescuing of suf- fering humanity from the iron grasp of medical tyranny, depend upon the integrity of our practitioners, and their strict adherence to the true principles of practice. In the name of Humanity, let us not fall into the same vortex of quackery, which characterizes the practice against which we war! RHEUMATISM—ITS CAUSES. PECULIAR acid, in rheumatic com- k i plaints, is now generally admitted to secrete, or accumulate, in the system; and, though this acid is found to pervade the entire body, yet this form of disease I has been thought to be rather a local com- plaint—that the joints, or parts affected, are particularly in fault, and the remedies used are to be of a local, and external char- acter ; or, if general, are particularly to act on the seat of the pain. The more we study the human frame, and become familiar with the organism of the human body, the more convinced we are that, whenever one organ or function of the system is deranged, all others feel its effects. In rheumatism, therefore, we have always discovered that the stomach and liver are diseased; these notions we have had very well substantiated by many. The internal irritation, renders the nutritive energy of certain parts at the periphery, (namely, the fibrous sheaths and covering of the muscles,) feeble, and their power of resist- ing external causes of disease, deficient. When cold and damp, therefore, are applied to the skin, the blood is driven thence toward the parts most ready, from their want of organic 150 RHEUMATISM--ITS CAUSES energy, to retain it, and least able to resist its Aoav. Those parts are the tissues which have been most violently employed —the tissues connected with the organs of voluntary motion, and the fibrous tissues of the muscles and joints. In some persons, these tissues are congenitally weak, the hereditary predisposition exists, and there is morbid sympathy always existing between them and the centre of nutrition. The laboring man who keeps his stomach and liver in a constant state of irritation, with spirituous drinks—who uses his vol untary muscles hard and long every day, and is exposed to all kinds of weather, is the most eligible, and the most fre- quent victim of rheumatism ; for in him the condition of the stomach, the limbs, and the exciting cause, meet in all their strength. Hence, in places where perry and cider abound, the peasantry are especially subject to rheumatism. Why the rheumatism seizes one joint or set of muscles, more than another, we know not, positively; but we do know, that more or less digestive derangements are present at the time. I never saw a rheumatic attack, in which such derange- ments were not present, previously to its commencement. How often does it happen that a patient, racked with pain is instantly relieved by a copious vomiting of bile, or by a common diarrhoea. We come to the conclusion, then, that rheumatism is not a mere inflammatory-pain of tho sheaths of the muscles, but nas its origin in some digestive irritation—exhibited by a cer- tain kind and amount of fibrous inflammation, and this may be caused by the circulation of this acid blood, in its passage through the minute cappillaries of the joints and tendons, since nothing but the white and thin blood can pass through the circulation of the tendons and ligaments. Perhaps this * RHEUMATISM--ITS CAUSES. 151 blood may be almost entirely of an acid character; it has no red particles, and may lack those qualities which render it subservient to nutrition and assimilation. If this view of the subject is correct, we readily perceive how the bleeding, cupping, leeching, and blistering processes, tend directly to weaken the energy of the organs, and render them more liable to distension and congestion. A peculiar odor also arises from the patient, Avhich I have thought quite symptomatic of the disease, while the evacuations are thin, dark, watery, and extremely offensive. The eruption on the skin I have observed, but am not able to say whether or not it is present in all cases ; I have never been able to see it in negroes, neither do I know whether it is perceptible at all in such subjects, but I am inclined to the opinion that it is not. The eruption, as I have observed, is various in appear- ance. It consists of small, rosy blotches, of a roundish, or lenticular shape, scarcely, if at all, raised above the general surface of the skin on which they appear. I have observed another eruption in this disease, called " petechia?." This eruption is most perceptible on the chest, and interior part of the arms. There is still another eruption which I have frequently observed, but it is not peculiar to this disease; I have also often observed it in other forms of dis- ease. It makes its appearance about the neck, and the erup- tion varies in size, from a mere point to that of half a pea, and is filled with a transparent fluid ; it looks not unlike large and small drops of dew, scattered about over the neck; this erup- tion I have often observed on negroes. Shortly after the termination of the disease, and sometimes even before its termination, the skin commences desquamating. This desquamation is particularly apt to take place on the 152 RHEUMATISM--ITS CAUSES inner surface of the hands, and bottoms of the feet; the hair also frequently falls off, and even the nails are sometimes shed. Patients recovering from this disease, frequently have a numb- ness of the arms or legs, which sometimes amounts to a com- plete paralysis. Abscesses often form about the thigh, leg, or some other part, which burrow in the inter-muscular substance, and are very hard to cure. THE INFLUENCE OF OPIUM. RS. N. was the Avife of a clergy- man of high standing in the denom- ination to which he belonged. She Avas a worthy woman, and, as things are vieAved by finite eyes, deserved a better fate than it was her fortune to meet. Some years previous to my acquaintance Avith her, she had a severe illness, and opium was freely prescribed, notwithstanding the opposition of her husband to its use. Being naturally of a nervous temperament, he feared that she would find it hard to relinquish a powerful stimulant, if she once became accus- tomed to its use. On her recovery, his fears were fully real- ized ; for some time, she continued to take her daily dose; but at length her husband felt that the habit must be broken up, or her usefulness Avould be entirely destroyed. It Avould never do have the parson's wife an opium-taker, and he told her that she must give it up, for he should not get her any more. • As soon as she had used up what she had on hand, she was seized with vomiting and diarrhoea, which continued for one dav when she began to grow cold. Through the following G* 154 THE INFLUENCE OF OPIUM. night, the chills continued to increase, and toward morning she was taken with fainting. She could not retain a particle of food, or anything else, except brandy and Avater, on her stomach. By daylight, her strength was nearly exhausted, and she looked more like a corpse' than a living person. It Avas a serious question with her husband, whether he should not send and get her some opium ; but, as he was obliged to leave home on business, he resolved to wait until his return, and see if she would not get along without it. As soon as he was gone, she took a full dose of brandy, and then started to go to the doctor's house, which aa»s but a short distance. She knew the doctor's wife would supply her Avith what she wanted ; but she did not dare to send one of her children, for she knew that they partook too much of their father's spirit. She succeeded m reaching the door, and then fainted. The doctor's wife, being aAvare of the real state of things, soon found means to relieve her, and she returned home, comparatively comfortable. When her husband returned home, he was rejoiced to find her so much better, and he remarked that, as she had hoav began to amend Avithout opium, he hoped she would not be compelled to use it again. This was a damper to her spirits, for which she was not quite prepared, as she had not thought of the results of her deception. But she was unwilling to mar her husband's happiness by telling him the truth; so she permitted him to believe that she Avas, in reality, dispensing with the accustomed stimulus. Months passed away, and she continued the secret indul- gence. At length, the doctor and his wife suddenly left home, and she was again in great trouble. No opium could she get, without the assistance of her husband; and to acquaint him THE INFLUENCE OF OPIUM. 155 with her real condition, Avas not to be thought of. For two days she Avas very sick, and her husband thought she would die. A physician was called, but was desired not to give opium, lest she should again be brought under its iufluence. His prescription did her no good, and, finding she must die as she Avas, she requested to have a friend sent for, to whom she revealed her secret. This Avoman was one of the feAV Avho have the moral cour- age to do right. Fearless of consequences, she went imme- diately to Mr. N, and told him of the apparent danger of one so dear, and finally procured Avhat Avas Avanted, for that time; but no entreaties could induce him to purchase a quantity, to keep in the house. What should she do now ? Her .eldest son was just married, and his wife was a kind, affectionate daughter, and a good nurse; she understood the cause of her mother's suffering, but could not comprehend why the remedy was so cruelly Avithheld. She resolved to provide it herself, little suspecting what terrible results would follow such kind- ness. Mrs. N. had given up in despair, and resigned herself to what seemed inevitable death, when her son's wife came in with a large bottle of laudanum in her hand, and presented it to her. She received it Avith that joy which can never be expressed by words, or in any degree comprehended, by one who has not passed through the horrible suffering which opium prepares for its victims. Again she was able to fill her place as a pastor's wife, and for many years she continued her course of deception, on which she had almost unconsciously entered. But it could not always last; her health declined—her mind became more and more feeble, until it seemed as though her intellectual 156 THE INFLUENCE OF OPIUM. faculties were almost destroyed. As the disease increased, she increased her use of opium, until she found herself in the iron grasp of consumption! Still, she thought opium would eventually relieve her, if she only took enough. With this idea, she one day swallowed a powerful dose. Worn out nature could no longer contend Avith so potent an enemy, and was on the point of giving up the contest. She became alarmed; a physician was called—the cause of the trouble and all the long train of deception brought to light. Much blame was cast upon the kind-hearted daughter-in-law, and much did she regret the deplorable results of her mistaken kindness. The old doctor, who had been her friend and medical advi- ser for years, was now dead, and his place was filled by his son, who had little sympathy with such as voluntarily give themselves up to what he considered a sinful indulgence. He thought that, by breaking up this pernicious habit, he could again restore her to comfortable health. Her husband and daughter feared that she had not strength to survive the loss of her accustomed stimulus; but the doctor assured them that there was no danger—that the change in her habits should be gradual, and that, when once out from under its influence, she would not feel the need of opium. He accordingly commenced the Herculean task, which the inspired writer truly compares to changing the Ethiopian's skin, or the leopard's spots. He gave her a weak solution of morphine, with other medicines ; but it was only a trifle, com- pared with the large doses which she had formerly taken. He had prescribed for her about ten days, when I called to see her. No language can describe the unutterable anguish depic- ted in her countenance! She was reduced to a mere skeleton THE INFLUENCE OF OPIUM. 157 —too weak to roll from side to side, but every motion indi- cating such extreme nervous restlessness, as would have caused her to do so, if she had strength sufficient. She had formerly made me her confidant, and now she felt that I should understand her real situation, and feel the deep sympathy for her suffering which she craved. As I stood by her bed, she took my hand in her own, so cold, emaciated, and corpse-like, that it sent an involuntary shudder through my frame, and said, in a Avhisper, " I am dying, for the Avant of a little opium!" Seeing me start, as though I would speak, she said, " No! no! don't tell them! They don't know how I suf- fer for the Avant of it; but you do, and you know how to pity me. O ! I Avould give the whole Avorld, if- it were mine, for one little dose—yes, one little dose would be bliss to me !" Yc who have hearts to feel for human avo, think, if you can, what Avere my feelings, as I stood beside that bed, witnessing such misery and hearing such language—well knowing, that I could do nothing for her relief, nor say anything to influence others to give her what she so much needed; and Avhat, if she had done Avrong in taking so long—who will dare to say, that it was right to withhold it from her, in that fearful emer- gency ! But it was Avithheld—and in a few days she died! Would that I could present the picture of this woman's sufferings, to all those invalids in our land, who are beginning to tamper Avith this deadly drug, which at last "biteth like a serpent and stingeth like an adder 1" Methinks they would hasten to deliver themselves, as a roe from the hand of the hunter, and as a bird from the hand of the fowler / THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. HERE is no part of the human sys- tem which has such a controlling influence over the whole body, as respects health or disease, as the diges- tive organs. Any derangement in these, especially the stomach, calls up a sympa- thy of action from the whole animal econ- omy. Nearly all the morbid actions found in the general system, are produced from causes, first operative on the stomach. Hence, keeping the digestive system in a healthy state, secures, as a general rule, a healthy action in every other part of the phys- ical organization. Therefore, to know something of the anatomy and physiology of the digestive organs, together with the laws of digestion, seems indespensable for every individual who would know how to take care of his health. By the term "digestive organs," is intended the mouth, stomach, liver, and bowels, including the whole length of this canal is a lining membrane, called the mucous mem- 160 THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. brane, which continues from the lips to the opposite extrem- ity ; this membrane is filled through its whole extent with minute blood vessels, and in some parts, abundantly supplied Avith fine filaments of nerves. This membrane has important functions to perform in the process of digestion ; it is a mem- brane of much delicacy of structures. Its healthy action is easily deranged, and when impaired in one part, becomes, by sympathy, deranged in every part. THE MOUTH The mouth, with its teeth and glands, commences the digestive process; the teeth are to masticate the food; the salivary glands give important aid to digestion. There are three pairs of glands, which pour the fluid they secrete, into the mouth ; this fluid is called saliva; the efforts of chewing food excites these glands, and promotes the secretion of saliva, Avhich is essential to the healthy digestive process. THE STOMACH. The stomach is the most important organ of digestion. It has three coats ; that which 1ms most to do with digestion is the mucous coat, which lines it; this coat is supposed to fur- nish, by its glands, what is called gastric juice, which is the principal agent of digestion. The stomach is abundantly supplied with nerves, and holds a very powerful sway over the whole nervous system—so that, when the stomach is under the "influence of disease,-either acute or chronic, the whole system is immediately in a state of suffering. To secure, then, a healthy organization, the stomach must be kept hi health. THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 161 THE LIVER. This organ is also essential to digestion; it furnishes the bile; it is the largest gland in the body, and its office seems to be to gather from and carry out of the system substances which, if retained, might prove hurtful. When the liver is inactive, we have what is called the jaundice; the liver failing to take up from the system that substance which forms the bile. When this is the case, a yellow substance is found dif- fused throughout the whole body, and it exhibits a yellow tinge. The bile, when properly secreted and discharged, meets the contents of the stomach as discharged into that part of the bowels nearest the stomach, and is there supposed to assist in the process of separating the nutritious part of the contents from the refuse, which is to pass off by the bowels; but its more important office is, doubtless, to rid the passage of the refuse, or the fasces, by evacuation. The bile seems to be nature's appropriate stimulus to the bowels, without which costiveness, and other irregularities, are likely to ensue. THE BOWELS. The bowels contain the absorbent vessels, which take up the nutritious part of the food and carry it into the circulation of the blood, for the support of the system; they also convey the refuse part of the food out of the body. MASTICATION. Mastication, or chewing, is the first step in the process of digestion. When food is taken, it should be thoroughly mas- ticated, before it is suffered to pass into the stomach, or it is unprepared for the action of the gastric juice. Besides this, the action of chewing causes the food to be mixed with the 162 THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. saliva, which is an important item in the preparation of it for the action of the stomach and its juice. The food should be taken with sufficient moderation, to give time for the process of mastication, and the discharge of saliva from the glands of the mouth. Eating fast, or even talking while chewing, besides its incongruity with politeness and good breeding, is directly at war with thorough mastication. Many persons seem to think, that hurrying their meals to save time is economy; their business drives them, and they drive their time of meals into the smallest possible compass. This is miserable economy ; for, when they hurry down their food, half chewed and half moistened with saliva, it deranges the process of digestion throughout, and, as a consequence, the food not only sits bad on the stomach, and in time causes dyspepsia, but fails to accomplish the sole object of taking it —the nourishment of the body. In order to derive nourish- ment from food, it must be well digested ; hence it must be well masticated. When, therefore, we hurry our eatkig, we hasten our steps on the wrong road ; time curtailed in eating, is worse than hiring money at three per cent, a month. If Ave cannot spare time to eat, we had better not eat at all; this idea cannot be too deeply impressed upon the minds of all. Thousands, by this kind of careless and reckless eating, have. found themselves the victims of dyspepsia, and all its attend- ant train of evils; the digestive organs may bear the abuse awhile, without giving many signs of trouble, but the penalty of that broken law must sooner or later come; and it may come in the form of a broken constitution. THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 163 CHYMIFICATION. Chymification, or the transformation of food into chyme, is the most important step in the process of digestion. The food, after mastication, passes into the stomach; here it is formed into a homogenous mass, partly fluid and partly solid, Avhich is called chyme. What is the exact philosophy of this process, has been a matter of some discussion, into which it is not necessary noAV to enter; nor is it yet satisfactorily set- tled, so as to admit of any definite instructions being given. The theory Avhich is now generally received, respecting the manner in which the stomach acts upon food, is, that the gastric juice possesses a solvent poAver, by Avhich the food becomes reduced to a uniform mass ; the solvent poAver of the gastric juice is very great in a healthy, vigorous stomach, but varies in strength according to the energy of that organ. The solvent poAver of the gastric juice is evidently controlled by the vital principle of life ; while the gastric juice of a healthy stomach acts vigorously upon the hardest kinds of food; yet sometimes, when it comes in contact with anything possessed of the principles of life, its power is stayed—Avorms, Avhile living, are not affected by it, but when destroyed, are often digested. The gastric juice also possesses the property of coagulating liquid albuminous substances ; the stomach of the calf i3 used for this purpose, by the dairy-woman, in making cheese ; and when the infant throws up its milk, because the stomach is too full, that milk will be more or less curdled— and instead of considering this curdling an indication of dis- ease, it should be accounted a symptom of a good, healthy stomach. The time ordinarily occupied in the process of chymifica- tion, when the food has been properly masticated, has been 164 THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. found to be four or five hours; the three first hours of the period, is occupied in the process of intermixing the food, after it enters the stomach, with the gastric juice. After this is accomplished, an alternation of contraction and expansion of the stomach, or a kind of churning motion takes place, and continues until the whole mass is converted into chyme, and conveyed to the first intestines, or duodenum, to undergo another change. CHYLIFACTION. Chylifaction, or the formation of chyle, is the next great, step in the process of digestion. This takes place in the duodenum; the chyme from the stomach is let into the intes- tines little by little; a valve at the lower opening, or outlet of the stomach prevents it from passing any faster than it can be disposed of, in the formation of chyle. This fluid is a thin, milky liquid, extracted from the chyme, and then taken up by absorbent vessels, called lacteals; the chyme passes slowly through the duodenum, and, in doing so, becomes mixed with another fluid furnished from the pancreas, or sweetbread, and the bile from the liver; passing sloAvly through this large intestine, ample time is given for the lacteal to take up all that is valuable, to be carried into the circulation, for the nourishment and support of the system. This chyle, taken up by the lacteals, is directly converted into blood, and, in many of its characteristics, it very closely resembles blood. The process by which this conversion is carried on, is called absorption; that class of absorbent vessels called lacteals, are not only found in the first intestine, or duodenum, but are distributed along the small intestines, for the purpose, as before stated, of conducting the chyle in its appropriate course, for the formation of blood. THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS, 165 EVACUATION. Evacuation, or the discharge of the refuse part of the food, through the bowels, is another and the last step in the process ^ of digestion. This part of the subject has a very important bearing on the condition of the health; it is impossible for any one to possess good health, while this office of the bow- els is imperfectly performed. If the bowels are relaxed and irritable, the food is borne along too soon and too rapidly; this causes the process of chylification to be imperfect—the chyle is imperfectly formed, and the lacteals have not sufficient time to absorb it from the mass; this prevents the food from nourishing the system. Hence, those who suffer from chronic diarrhoea may eat largely, and yet grow weaker and weaker; their food does not nourish them ; the nutritious part passes off through the bowels, instead of being taken into the blood. If the bowels, on the other hand, are constipated, the conse- quences are no less unhappy. No one can possibly be well with costive bowels ; the free and easy action of the bowels is as truly essential to health, as the free circulation of the blood. When the bowels are sluggish, the process of absorp- tion of the chyle is retarded; "and what is absorbed, is less pure and healthy, so the quality of the blood is impaired. Besides the evils already mentioned, a costive state of the bowels often causes a pressure of blood on the brain, and also derangement of the nervous system, excitability of the nerves, nervous head-ache, depression of spirits, and a long catalogue of sufferings, too numerous for details. Habitual costiveness impairs the tone of the stomach, and prevents its healthy action * piles, also, with various degrees of severity, are often caused directly or indirectly, by constipated bowels. 166 THE DIGESTiyE ORGANS. The causes of constipation are various, and to point them out in detail would be, perhaps, a fruitless task. But there is one cause, and a very common one, which claims attention here ; it is the habit of inattention to, and neglect of, the nat- ural promptings of the boAvels to evacuate themselves. Thou sands on thousands, especially females, by a habit of checking the natural inclination of the boAvels to throAV off their con- tents, have brought upon themselves habitual costiveness, which, in time, has cost them immense suffering and Avretch- edness. No one should ever hold his boAvels in check, if it be possible to avoid it; it can readily be perceived, that doing this would tend to diminish the natural effort of the bowels, and to collect their contents into a solid mass ; then, the exer- tion required to empty the bowels, or the physic taken to aid or make effectual that exertion, tends also to increase the dif- ficulty. A habit of costiveness should always be removed, if possi- ble ; and the best way of doing this, is by a course of disci- pline. Those articles of food should be selected, which have an influence to keep the bowels open. Bread, made of flour, has a tendency to constipate them ; but brown bread, and bread made of wheat meal, have a-tendency to open them—also molasses, taken with food, has an additional tendency ; fruits and greens, if the stomach can bear them, are adapted to relieve costiveness. The influence of the mind should also be brought to bear upon this dfficulty; the operation of the mind on the physical system is very great, especially in chronic complaints. A person with costive bowels, should have a mental deter- mination to have a natural evacuation of the bowels, at some regular hour in the morning—just after breakfast should be THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 167 preferred. By a mental calculation, by bearing the subject in mind, by thinking and desiring, by intending to have the bowels move about that hour, very much may be done by way of facilitating such a result. But if, instead of attending to a favorable diet, and of thinking on the subject at the proper time, we treat the difficulty with medicines alone, Ave do harm rather than good : for the more alteratives we take> the more we increase the trouble ; the physic only overcomes the constipation for the time, and afterward leaves the boAvels in a more torpid state. Still, rather than endure the conse- quences of costiveness, it is better to take alteratives, in con- junction with other means, until the dfficulty can be removed. When alteratives are used in conjunction with discipline, they should be of the mildest kind. No proper pains should be spared, in overcoming this derangement of nature, till a habit- ual movement of the bowels once in twenty-four hours, is .ecured.—Coles, on Health.' / TO MOTHERS, IN REGARD TO INFANTS. S a general rule, mothers have not that care of infants which nature requires. In the first place, as soon as the little stranger makes its ap- pearance, every precaution should be taken ; it should be wrapped in warm clothes, with particular care not to have it laid in a cold place. Then a basin of warm water and good Castile soap should be ready, and great care should be taken as to the tightness of its bands. The infant, you must remember, comes from a warm berth, and particular pains should be taken to keep it warm, espe- cially when asleep. I verily believe, that two-thirds of the children that die Defore attaining the age of two years, die through ignorance of mothers and nurses. In the first place, as soon as it comes into the world, it is laid under the bed or table, with little or no care as to its exposure to the cold; next a little rag is used, 170 TO MOTHERS. with some fine scented soap, ana it is dressed in a cold, gaudy apparel—its comfort not considered—only the sIioav of fine clothes. You have not the least idea Iioav much this little creature suffers, "and you are laying up trouble for .yourself; I believe a child that has no pain, never cries. What is the next thing that is done ? " Why, I must give it purgatives ; the child must have a dose ; Ave must deprive the poor thing of its senses, in order that it may rest;" then they dose it with narcotics, and if, by chance, it lives to be a month old, they take off its belly-band. Then comes feeding; a boAvl of strong bread and milk is prepared—and though the nurse or mother has sufficient breast milk for it, they imagine the child craves food, and the poor little creature is, as I may say, crammed to death. Why does the child cry ? Perhaps, my dear friend, the cause is your own fault—over dosing in the first place; be cautious, as soon as the little one makes its entrance into this world. Do as I directed before, then take a piece of fresh butter the size of a bird's egg, mix it up with loaf sugar, put a little piece at a time into the neAV-born infant's mouth, and it will suck it doAvn; this will cleanse its mouth and alimen- tary canal, and open all obstructions in the intestines. Let the child have the breast as soon as possible ; the first milk will purge the infant sufficiently, without haA-ing recourse to cathartics; by giving purgatives to an infant, it does more harm than good. A child ought to be put at the breast as soon as possible—it is a great error to keep the child from it for several hours ; and suppose the mother to be weak, it will not injure her health in the least, as it is natural; but it is unnatural to give the child strong bread and milk—give it a little catnip tea, if it is absolutely necessary TO MOTHERS. 17 J I have seen a mother, who imagined her child was hungry, and she would have a cup of bread and milk on the stove all day, and every few minutes she would give the child a tea- spoonful ; if the little creature pushed it out with its tongue, she would push it back with her finger. This is cruel; avc may call this mother over fond. A child should never have any kind of food until six, or even nine months old, if the mother has milk of her own; I never gave mine any until they were to be weaned—in fact, I never allowed my eldest son to have a mouthful of any food, except the breast, until he was one year old; that day I commenced weaning him, and gave him no drink through the night, except cold water; I never gave my other children any drink but cold Avater, after they were weaned. Feeding children at night is a foolish habit. Let them wear their belly-band at least until you put short clothes on them ; then have a waist to their petticoats, with shoulder straps, buttoned behind the waist, made from their arms to the hips; this supports the bowels ; keep the same on your girls for years; it would, if practicable, be well for them to Avear it all their lives, and we would not then see so many young females afflicted with tumors and cancers in the ovaries, nor the falling of the womb. I think babes' dresses ought not to be too long, as it draws too heavily; the weak form cannot support it as easily as you imagine. Let me beg of you to study their comfort and health. I love to see a child well dressed, as well as any one—but I see too many that suffer from the law of fashion rather than comfort, that I pity them. Keep the feet warm with socks, and the head cool, but not to extremes. Great care should be taken in regard to bathing children ; always bathe them regularly everv morning—but let the water 172 TO MOTHERS. be warm ; cold water will do more harm than good. In the heat of summer let it be tepid—it will strengthen a child; but when cold water seizes the little creature, it generally produces too much fear to be beneficial. When you intend to wean your infant, it would be well to choose the shortest days, as the child Avill sleep more. A good substitute for mother's milk is arroAV-root, boiled in half milk and Avater. Avoid strong food; the least sugar you give the better. If medicine is required, use Turkey rhubarb ;• always buy the root, and prepare it yourself—do not get it pulverized ; cut it, and steep it as much as necessary ; add a few caraway seeds to it, when you steep it. This medicine will not injure the child, in case you give too much, as Avould any other cathartic, but it is strengthening to the boAvels. If the child has a sore mouth, get some pulverized wild turnip and cranes-bill bark; take tAvo teaspoonsful of loaf sugar, and as much of the barks as you can hold on a ten cent piece; mix well, and put a little, two or three times a day, into its mouth; give a little saffron tea and a little rhu- barb. If the child is chafed in the neck, or elsewhere, take pul- verized cranes-bill bark, and put it into a muslin bag; when you wash the child, dust this in all the parts affected; do it as often as you think necessary. If it has sores, wash with Castile soap, and get some pul- verized blood-root, and mix it with two-thirds water and one- third cider, and wash it; this alone will cure all sores. A good medicine for children, in the spring, is composed of the following: take half an ounce of the best sulphur, quarter of an ounce each of cream tartar, pulverized yelloAV dock root, Lanzy, elecampane root, pulverized rhubarb root, one ounce TO MOTHERS. 173 black alder bark, a teaspoonful of mandrake root, and a table- spoonful caraway seed; mix these with molasses, and let them stand twenty-four hours, stirring it two or three times during the day. Give according to age—a child two months old, a piece the size of a bean ; a child three years old, half a tea- spoonful in the morning, before dinner, and at bed-time; you can begin with small doses, and increase as you think best. The best way to cleanse the blood of an infant, when at the breast, is for the mother to take the proper medicines and purify her own blood; it will do the child more good, and renew the milk. If your child is full of humors, you may be sure they will increase ; but do not wean it on that account, —purify your blood by taking the cleansing syrups mentioned in this book; and, in case you do not understand hoAV to mix them, send to me for them, mentioning the age of the child, and how the humor makes its appearance. The seven years' itch is very prevalent at the present day, among all classes of society, from the highest to the lowest; it is fashionably termed salt rheum, or a species of it. Child- ren are more or less troubled with the preaff, a species of ring- worm ; use no ointments, externally, until the inside is well guarded, or you throw it on the lungs, or in the joints, and make it a fool or a cripple for life. So be wise and prudent. Do not comb or scrape a baby's head, if it has dandruff; wet it Avith a little SAveet or olive oil at night, the next morning Avash it carefully with Castile soap, and continue until all is removed. Keep the infant's ears well cleaned ; always use a soft brush for the hair. Kind reader—I have endeavored to instruct you how to secure good health for your children ; allow your aged friend to say a few Avords for the soul—Avhich never dies, but returns 174 TO MOTHERS. to its Creator, God. Have you ever considered this important truth ? If so—happy soul! angels rejoice to see a mother leading her babes to Jesus ! As soon as they can lisp, teach them to pronounce the name of Jesus, and to ask him to bless them and you. Boav Avith them at the Throne of Grace, morning and evening ; be simple and short, in your requests to your Heavenly Father, that it may be a pleasure, rather than a task, to them. Has death visited your abode, or fortune frowned upon you —go to Bethlehem ; there you will find the Blessed Virgin Mary, the mother of your Savior—poor, outcast, and dejec- ted, seeking a shelter, to bring forth the God-man! Then folloAV her to the Cross ; here, a sword pierces her OAvn soul, to behold her only-beloved Son expire on the cross for ungrate- ful man. But she had grace from on high ; and Ave, too, can have the same ark. Remember, this is not our abiding place • Mary rejoiced, because she kneAV this, and her soul was filled with love—no murmuring or complaint escaped her lips—all was submission to the Avill of God! Let us all folloAV her example ; and join our dear babes in Heaven, as the mother of our God and Savior did. GENERAL REMARKS. HIS book will be read by friends and foes, and many will scrutinize every word. I would politely ask such—cannot the aged be excused ? and remember my age. While wri ting the foregoing, it has been my aim to speak the truth, in a plain and easy manner, so that all could understand it—avoiding all vulgar phrases that Avas not necessary for your comprehension. It has been my determination, as far as practicable, to dis- pose of the book myself, and only among my sex. I pray to God it may be a blessing to the rising generation. I shall always be happy to give you any information, in regard to your health, by letter. After the first of May, 1858, you can address to " Saint Vincent de Paul, Lower Canada," nine miles from the city of Montreal; and the first of June, I shall be enabled to accommodate a few invalids, at my OAvn house. It is situated on a branch of the Ottawa, and commands a beautiful view up and doAvn the riyer; as to the location, it cannot be surpassed. 176 GENERAL REMARKS. All letters must be sent by the fifteenth of May, 1858, as the number will be limited. Those that place themselves under my care, shall have my care; where there are a great number, some, of course, must be neglected. My farm is only one mile and a half from my residence, where the ladies can ride and Avalk. It is considered, by visitors, a delightful and healthy situation. Reference, as to character and location : Bev. Mr. N. La Vallie, Dr. POMEVILLE, Dr. Pratt, Hon. C. C. S. De Bleury, > St. Vincent de Paul. THE DIET OF CHILDREN. URING the early stage of life, all heating and stimulating food and drinks should be strictly forbidden. They tend more certainly to produce disease, in the really excited system during childhood, than perhaps at any other period of life. Vegeta- bles should, in fact, constitute the principal diet of children; especially the farinaceous substances—such as bread, rice, arrow-root, potatoes, &c. To these may be added milk, soft-boiled eggs, and a very moderate allowance of plain and simply cooked animal food. Children, in general, have very excellent appetites, and a sufficiency of nourishing food is absolutely necessary—not merely to renew the waste of their systems, but also to supply materials for their daily growth. Three, or perhaps four, light meals a day, will be found a good allowance during childhood. At one of these—the dinner, or mid-day meal—animal food may be allowed, in H* 178 THE DIET OF CHILDREN. moderation; for the others, bread, or potatoes, and milk, vari ous preparations of rice, or rice and milk, plain bread pud ding, and custard, form a proper and wholesome diet. All salted and high-seasoned food should be forbidden. Somo have objected to butter for children; although experienca would appear to show that a very moderate allowance of fresh butter is by no means injurious. Of vegetables—potatoes, carrots, turnips, beets and cauli- flowers, will be found most wholesome. They should be well boiled, and the potatoes and turnips eaten without being mashed, or mixed with butter or fat gravy. Children should never be indulged in pastry, of any kind. They may, occa- sionally, take a little of the cooked fruit of a pie; but even this should be in moderation. The drink of children should be simply water, milk, Avhey, or very weak *tea, milk and sugar. All stimulating and fer- menting liquors are not only unnecessary, but positively inju- rious, by increasing, to an improper extent, the circulation of the blood; they induce fever, indigestion, inflammation, or convulsions, to say nothing of the danger of their use during childhood—giving rise to habits of intemperance in after life. The period of the meals should be strictly regulated, and in such a manner that the intervals between them should not be so great as to permit the children to experience, at any time, a sensation of hunger. Supper should be taken an hour or two before bed-time. Children should get their breakfasts as soon as possible after they have arisen, and have been properly combed and washed; the stomach is then empty, and the appetite keen. If food be too long withheld, the cravings become either too importunate, or the appetite fails —either of which would be injurious. THE DIET OF CHILDREN. 179 As little variety of food as possible should be set before children; since every extraordinary article becomes a new incentive to appetite. They should never be indulged with a second course; if they sit down with an appetite, they will satisfy it by eating of the first articles presented to them— hence, all the rest is superfluous, and therefore injurious. If the appetite be trifling, the less they eat at the time the bet- ter ; as by taking but little, the appetite will more certainly return at the next meal. But should this instinct of nature for an observance of moderation be neglected, or attempted to be overcome by variety, repletion, with all its evils, will follow. Instead of a renewed and healthy appetite following, as would have been the case had the instinct been obeyed, it Avill be found diminished, and most probably attended with headache, fever, oppression, or even vomiting. Children snxrald not be allowed to eat frequently of bread and butter, bread and molasses, cakes, or fruit, between meals, for this will either destroy the regular appetite, or induce them to eat too much. In the first case, the stomach will be interrupted in its regular routine of function; consequently, the appetite will become either irregular or capricious. In the second case, all the evils attendant upon an over disten- sion of the stomach must follow. They should not, therefore, be suffered to carry food in their pockets, to eat between meals, or during school hours, as this produces the injurious habit of requiring food at improper times; by which the digestion of the previous meal is interfered Avith—a fresh quan- tity of food being forced upon the stomach, before it has properly digested that which had been before received. Children are to be restrained from any violent exercise immediately after dinner; if-not kept in a state of perfect 180 THE DIET OF CHILDREN. rest, they should at least be prevented from engaging in any pastime which requires considerable bodily exertion. They should also be early taught the importance of eating slowly, and chewing their food well; on this account alone, the habit of resting after a meal is of importance, as it prevents them from swallowing their food hastily, in order that they may return more quickly to their play. In regulating the diet of children, care should be taken not to force any particular article upon them, after it is found, by a fair trial, not to agree with their stomach. The contrary practice is both cruel and injudicious; cruel, because the poor child is forced to swallow what is disagreeable to it; and injudicious, because it is liable to perpetuate a disgust which most probably would have subsided, had no forcible attempt been made to overcome .it. At the same time, however, great care must be taken that permanent dislikes are not formed, at this period of life, against certain wholesome articles of food. This is often a matter of very great difficulty; a good deal of close observation and discernment being required, in order to distinguish between a wayward prejudice and an actual disgust. The former, if indulged in too long, may be con- verted into the latter; Avhile the latter may often, by judicious and well adapted means, be entirely removed. Children should never be suffered to eat alone, unless the proper quan- tity of 'food be meted out to them; otherwise, they will eat too much. If a child demand more than is judged proper for it, its importunities should always be resisted with firm- nesss, or it will certainly acquire habits of gluttony. REMARKS ON FOOD. ROB ABLY the best means of ascer- taining food best adapted to the hu- man stomach, has been given us by Dr. Beaumont, in his experiments. While stationed at Michilimackinac, Michigan Territory, in 1822, in the service of the United States, he Avas called upon to take charge of Alexis St. Martin, a young Canadian, eight- een years of age, of good constitution and robust health, Avho was accident- ally wounded by the discharge of a mus- ket, June 6th, 1822. "The charge," says Dr. Beaumont, " consisting of powder and duck-shot, Avas received in the left side, at the distance of one yard from the muzzle of the gun. The contents entered posteriorly, in an oblique direction, forward and inward, literally bloAV- ing off inguments and muscles the size of a man's hand, frac- turing and carrying away the anterior half of the sixth rib, 182 REMARKS ON FOOD. fracturing the fifth, lacerating the loAver portion of the left lobe of the lungs, the diaphragm, and also perforating the stomach,H On the fifth day, sloughing took place; lacerated portions of the lung and stomach separated, and left a perforation into the latter " large enough to admit the Avhole length of the middle finger into its cavity; and also a passage into the chest, half as large as his fist." Violent fever and further sloughing ensued, and for seventeen days, everything swal- loAved passed out through the wound, and the patient was kept alive chiefly by nourishing injections. By-and-by the fever subsided, the Avound improved in appearance, and after the fourth week the appetite became good, digestion regular, the evacuations natural, and the health of the system com- plete. The orifice, however, never closed; and at every dress- ing the contents of the stomach flowed out, and its coats fre- quently became everted, or protruded so far as to equal in size a hen's egg; but they were always easily returned. On the 6th of June, 1823, a year from the date of the accident, the injured parts were all sound except the perfora- tion into the stomach, which was now two and a half inches in circumference. For some months thereafter, the food could be retained only by constantly wearing a compress and band- age ; but early in winter, a small fold or doubling of the villous coat began to appear, which gradually increased till it filled the aperture, and acted as a valve, so as completely to prevent any efflux from within, but to admit of being easily pushed back by the finger from without. Here, then, was an admirable opportunity for experiment- ing on the subject of digestion, and for observing the healthy and undisturbed operations of nature, free from the agony of REMARKS ON FOOD. ^83 vivisections, and from the sources of fallacy inseparable from operating on animals. Dr. Beaumont Avas sensible of its value, and accordingly pursued his enquiries with a zeal, per- severance, and disinterestedness, highly creditable to his char- acter, both as a man and as a philosopher. Dr. Beaumont began his experiments in May, 1825, and continued them for four or five months, St. Martin.being then in high health. In the autumn, St. Martin returned to Can- ada, married, had a family, worked hard, engaged as a voya- ger with the Hudson's Bay Fur Company, remained there four years, and was then engaged at a great expense, by Dr. Beaumont, to come and reside near him, on the Mississippi, for the purpose of enabling him to complete his investigations. He came accordingly in August, 1829, and remained till March, 1831. He then went a second time to Canada, but returned to Dr. Beaumont in November, 1832, Avhen the experiments were once more resumed, and continued till March, 1833, at which time he finally left Dr. Beaumont. He now enjoys perfect health, but the orifice made bv the Avound remains in the same state as in 1824. The folloAving table exhibits the general results of all the experiments made upon St. Martin, posterior to 1825; and the average is deduced from those Avhich were performed when the stomach was considered, by Dr. Beaumont, to be in its natural state, and St. Martin himself subjected to ordi- nary exercise. TABLE, SHOWING THE MEAN TIME OF DIGESTION OF THE DIFFERENT ARTICLES OF DIET. Mode Time required Articles of Diet. of * for Preparation. Digestion. II. M. Rice,................. Boiled, ................ 1.00 Sago,............... do.............._.. 1.45 Tapioca,............. do.................2.00 Barley,.............. do.................. 2.00 Milk,................ do..................2.00 Do.................Raw, ._..............2.15 Gelatine,............. Boiled, ..........._____2.30 Pigs'feet, soused,______ do. .....„__________ 1.00 Tripe, soused,___...... do._________________ 1.00 Brains,.............. do.................1.45 Venison steak,. _.......Broiled,......._________ 1.35 Spinal marrow,........Boiled,................ 2.40 Turkey, domestic,......Roasted,................ 2.30 Do. do.......Boiled, ................ 2.25 Do. wild,.........Roasted,................ 2.18 Goose,............___ do................. 2.30 Pig, sucking,.......... do.................2.30 Liver, beef's fresh,......Broiled,................ 2.00 Lamb, fresh,----...... do................. 2.30 Chicken, full-grown,--- Fricassee,................ 2.45 Eggs, fresh,...........Hard boiled,............. 3.30 Do. do............Soft do..............3.00 REMARKS ON FOOD. 185 Mode Time required Articles of Diet. of for Preparation. Digestion. H. M. Eggs, fresh,...........Fried, ............... 3.30 Do. do............Roasted,................2.15 Do. do............RaAV ................ 2.00 Do. whipped,________ do. ___............. 1.30 Custard,.............Baked, ___-............. 2.45 Codfish, cured, dry,___Boiled, ................2.00 Trout, salmon, fresh,____ do.................1.30 Do. do.....Fried, ................ 1.30 Bass, striped, fresh,_____Broiled,.............___3.00 Flounder. do......Fried, ................ 3.30 Catfish, do...... do.................3.30 Salmon, salted,........Boiled, ................ 4.00 Oysters, fresh,......___Raw,..........._____2.55 Do. do.___......Roasted,_____.......____3.15 Do. do.......... Stewed, ................ 3.30 Beef, fresh, lean, rare,___Roasted, -________________ 3.00 Do. do. dry,....... do................. 3.30 Do. steak,...........Broiled, ................3.00 Do. with salt only,____Boiled. ___.........----2.45 Do. with mustard, &c,. do. .----------------3.80 Do. fresh, lean,....... Fried,................4.00 Do. old, hard, salted,___Boiled, ...............- 4.15 Pork, steak,...........Broiled,...............Jfc3.15 Do. fat and lean,,.....Roasted,................ 5.15 Do. recently salted,____Boiled, ................4.30 Do. do.....Fried, ................4.15 Do. do.....Broiled,................. 3.13 Do. do.....Raw,...........-.....3.00 Do. do.....Stewed,................3.00 Mutton, fresh,......... Roasted,................3.15 186 REMARKS ON FOOD. Mode Time required Articles of Diet. of for Preparation. Digestion. n. m. Mutton, fresh,.........Broiled, ................3.00 Do. do..........Boiled ................3.00 Veal, fresh,...........Broiled,................4.00 Veal, fresh,...........Fried, ........-.......4.30 Fowls, domestic,__.;.. Broiled, _______„__„___- 4.00 Do. do. ______Roasted,.,______,_______4.00 Ducks, do......__ do..............._. 4.00 Do. wild, ....... do......._____.....4.30 Suet, beef, fresh,______Boiled, .______________5.03 Do. mutton, ._....... do. .________«___. 4.30 Butter,......________Melted,................3.30 Cheese, old, strong,__,._ Raw, _______________3.30 Soup—beef, vegetable, ) -r, ., , . .. and bread,!..... | Boiled> ................4-00 Do. marrow bones,___ do. ._„.________.___4.14 Do. bean,......_____ do. _______.........3.00 Do. barley,.......... do.....___________ 1.30 Do. mutton,________ do. _______________3.30 Green corn and beans,., do. _________;_____ 3.45 Chicken soup,________ do. _____.......___3.00 Oyster soup,_________ do. ._______________3.30 Hash, meat and vegetable, Warmed,___.........___2.30 Sausage, fresh,........Broiled,____............ 3.20 Heart, animal,. _.......Fried, ________________4.00 Tendon,..............Boiled, ................5.30 Cartilage,............ do. ___............. 4.15 Aponeurosis,_________ do. ___.___.______. 3.00 Beans, pod,........... do...........______2.30 Bread, wheaten, fresh,.. Baked,................ 3.30 Do. corn,.......... do.................3,15 REMARKS ON FOOD. 187 Mode Time required Articles of Diet. of for Preparation. Digestion, H. M. Cake, corn,............ Baked, ................ 3.00 Do. sponge,......... do.................2.30 Dumpling, apple,......Boiled,..................3.00 Apples, sour and hard,.. RaAv, ____._______.___2.50 Do. do. mellow, do. ._......________2.00 Do. sAveet, do. do._______.....____1.30 Parsnips,______.......Boiled, _______.........2.30 Carrots, orange,_______ do._________________3.15 Beets,.......________ do.________________r 3Ad Turnips, flat,.......... do.......____...... 3.30 Potatoes, Irish,________ do. __........._____3.30 Do. do. ________ Roasted,................ 2.30 Do. do......... Baked, ......_.......-- 2.30 Cabbage, head,......_. Raw, ................ 2.20 Do. Avith vinegar,____ do. ___............. 2.00 Do. do.....Boiled, ................4.30 As a general rule, animal food is more easily and speedily digested, and contains a greater quantity of nutriment in a given bulk, than either herbaceous or farinaceous food ; but, apparently from the same cause, it is also more heating and stimulating. Minuteness of division, and tenderness of fibre, are shoAvn, by Dr. Beaumont's experiments, to be two grand essentials for the easy digestion of butcher-meat; and the different kinds of fish, flesh, fowl, and game, are found to vary in digestibility, chiefly in proportion as they approach or depart from these tAVO standing qualities. Farinaceous food, such as rice, sago, arrow-root, and gruel, are also rapidly assimulated, and prove less stimulating to the system than concentrated animal food. Milk seems to rank in the same qlass, when the stomach is in a healthy state 188 REMARKS ON FOOD. Animal food, it is true, affords a more stimulating nutri- ment than farinaceous and other kinds of vegetable aliment, and hence it is avoided in diseases of excitement. But it seems to me that this stimulus is OAving, not only to its own inherent properties, but also to its more highly concentrated state, and to the much greater quantity of chyle which is derived from it, than from an equal bulk of vegetable aliment. Before concluding his experiments on the agents employed in digestion, Dr. Beaumont made many observations, Avith a view to ascertain whether any increase of temperature took place during that process. By introducing a thermometer with a long stem, at the external opening into St. Martin's stomach, both before and during the chymification, he suc- ceeded in obtaining very accurate information on this point. In two or three of the experiments, the heat of the stomach seemed to be increased after taking food; but in by far the greater number, the temperature remained the same. It appeared, hoAvever, that the variations of the atmosphere pro- duced a sensible change on the heat of the stomach—a dry air increasing, and a moist air diminishing it. The ordinary temperature may be estimated at 100 Fahrenheit, and in sev- eral instances it was higher at the pyloric than at the cardiac end. On one cloudy, damp, aud rainy day, the thermometer rose only to 94 degrees, and on another to 96 degrees ; Avhereas the next day, Avhen the Aveather Avas clear and dry, it rose to 99 degrees; and on that following, Avhen the Aveather Avas both clear and cold, to 100. On several occasions, it rose as high as 102 degrees, and once to 103 degrees ; but these Avere after exercise, Avhich Avas ahvays observed to cause an increase of two or three degrees. We have already seen that artificial digestion is entirely arrested by cold. REMARKS ON FOOD. 189 Inferences from Dr. Beaumont's Experiments and Observations, given in his own words. 1. That hunger is the effect of distension of the vessels that secrete the gastric juice. 2. That the processes of mastication, insalivation, and deglutition, in an abstract point of view, do not in an way affect the digestion of the food; or, in other words,.when food is introduced directly into the stomach, in a finely divi- ded state, without these previous steps, it is as perfectly diges- ted as when they have been taken. 3. That saliva does not possess the properties of an ali- mentary solvent. 4. That the agent of chymification is the gastric juice. 5. That the pure gastric juice is fluid, clear, and transpa- rent ; without odor, a little salt, and perceptibly acid. 6. That it contains free muriatic acid, and some other active chymical properties. 7. That it is never found free in the gastric cavity; but it is always excited to discharge itself by the introduction of food or other irritants. 8. That it is secreted from vessels distinct from the mucous follicles. 9. That it is seldom obtained pure; but is generally mixed with mucous, and sometimes with saliva. When pure, it is capable of being kept for months, and perhaps for years. 10. That it coagulates albumen, and afterward dissolves the coagulae, 11. That it checks the progress of putrefaction. 12. That it acts as a solvent of food, and alters its prop- erties. 190 REMARKS ON FOOD.' 13. That, like other chymical agents, it commences its action on food as soon as it comes in contact with it. 14. That it is capable of combining Avith a certain and fixed quantity of food; and Avhen more aliment is presented for its action than it will dissolve, disturbance of the stomach, or " indigestion," will ensue. 15. That its action is facilitated by the Avarmth and motions of the stomach. 16. That it becomes intimately mixed and blended with the ingestae in the stomach, by the motions of that organ. 17. That it is invariably the same substance, modified only by admixture Avith other fluids. 18. That the motions of the stomach produce a constant churning of its contents, and admixture of food and gastric juice. 19. That these motions are in two directions—transversely and longitudinally. 20. That no other fluid produces the same effect on food that gastric juice does; and that it is the only solvent of ali- ment. 21. That the action of the stomach and its fluids is the same on all kinds of diet. 22. That solid food, of a certain texture, is easier of diges- tion than fluid. 23. That animal and farinaceous aliments are more easy of digestion than vegetable. CATALOGUE OF HERBS, MEDICINAL PLANTS, &o. Common Names. Botanical Names. Pdr lb. Abscess Root . ____.___Polemonium reptans,______ 50 Aconite leaves,___......Aconitum napallus,_______ Aconite root,._.....___ " " ....... Agrimony,_______, _ .___Agrimonia eupatoria,..... 50 Alder bark, black,......Prinos verticillatus,....... 25 Alder berries, black,_____ " " ....... Alder, red or tag,_______Alnus serrulata,......, — 25 Alder, striped,....._____(See Avitch hazel,)........ Alum root,_____________Heucheria acerifolia,...... Angelica leaves,........Angelica atropurpurea,---- 25 Angelica root,.......... " " ---- 50 Angelica seed,_____---- " ..... Anise seed,_____.......Pimpinella anisum,....... Apple, Peru,...........(See thorn apple,)........ Apple-tree bark,........Pyrus mulus,............ 25 Arbutus, trailing,.......(See gravel plant,)........ Archangel,............Angelica archangehca,..... 50 Arnica flowers,.........Arnica montana,......... Arnica root,........... " ......... 192 CATALOGUE OF HERBS &C. Common Names. Botanical Names. Per lb Arse-smart,_______.....(See Avater pepper,)....... Ash bark, prickly,......Xanthoxylum fraxineum,___ 50 Ash berries, prickly,_____ " " ___ 25 Ash bark, white,________Fraxinus acuminata,____... Ash, mountain, bark,____Aralia spinosa,........... 50 Asparagus root,____.___Asparagus officinalis,...... Asthma weed,_______.. (See lobelia,)............ Aven's root,____________Geum rivale,.........'___ 50 Backache brake,______.. Apsidium filix-femina,..... Balm, lemon,___________Melissa officinalis,........ 50 Balm, mountain,_______. (See OsAvego tea,)........ Balm,red,............. " " ........ Balm, sweet,____________Dracocephalum canariensis,- 35 Balm of Gilead, buds,,___Populus balsamifera,...... Balmony,______________Chelone Glabra,.......... 30 Balsam, sweet,__________Gnaphaleum polycephalum,. 35 Balsam, white,._....... " " Barberry bark,......... Berberis vulgaris,......... 50 Basil, sAveet,____________Ocymum basilicum,....... 50 Basil, wild,___.....____(See dittany,)........... Basswood bark,_________(See tilia,).............. 38 Bayberry bark,___..____Myrica cerifera,.......... 20 Bayberry leaves,________ " " .......... Bearberry,_____________(See uva-ursi,)........... Beccabunga,........__. (See brooklime,)......... Bed-straw,.........___(See cleavers,)........... Beech bark,___........Fagus ferrigenea,......... 30 Beech drops,______.....Epiphegus virginiana,..... 50 Beech leaves,...___.... Fagus ferrigenea,......... 50 Bee's nest,............(See wild carrot,)......... Belladonna leaves,......(See deadly nightshade,)... TATALOGUE OF HERBS, &C. 193 Common Names. Botanical Names. Per lb. Bellwort,.............Uvularia perfoliata,....... 75 B'enne leaves, —....... Sesamum indicum,.,..... Beth root,_____--------Trilium purpureum,.......1 00 Betony Avood,......___. Pedicularis canadensis,____ Bindweed,______________ (See man root,).......... Birch bark, black,______Betula lenta,............ 25 Bird's nest,____.....___(SeeAvild carrot,)___...... Bird peppers,___________(See pepper,)___......... Bitter-clover,___________(See centuary,)........... Birth-root,......_..... (See beth root,).......... Bitter herb,_____________(See balmony,)........... Bitter root,_____________Apocynum an drossemifolium, 75 Bittersweet, bark of root,. Celastrus scandens,........ 75 Bittersweet berries,...... " " ........ Bittersweet herb,_____.. Solanum dulcamara,....... 50 Bitterworm,____________(See buckbean,).......... Blackberry root,....____ Rubus occidentalis,........ 25 Blackberry, bark of root,. " " ........ Black root,............ (See Culver's root,)....... Black snake root,_______(See black cohosh,)....... Blazing star root,_______Aletris farinosa,.......... Blood root,_____________Sanguinaria canadensis,___. .50 Blue-bells,._.......___(See abscess root,)........ Blue-berry,............ (See pappoose root,)....... Blue flag,______________Iris versicolor,........... 50 Boneset,___........___Eupatorium perfoliatum,___ 25 Boneset, purple,.....___(See queen of the meadow,) Borage,........-......Borago officinalis,.......« 50 Bouncing Bet.......... (See soapwort,).......... BoAvman's root,........ (See Culver's root,)........ Box-berry,____,..„.. ?.. (See wintergreen,)........ i 194 CATALOGUE OF HERBS, AC. Common Names. Botanical Names. Ter lb. Boxwood bark,.........Cornus florida,........... 37 Boxwood floAvers,_______ " " ........... 50 Brooklime,............Veronica beccabunga,..... Buchu leaves,..........Diosma crenata,.......... Buckbean,......______Menyanthes trifoliata,...... 75 Buckhorn brake,.______Osmunda regalis,......... Buckthorn berries,......Rhamnus catharticus,...... Bugle, bitter,..........Lycopus Europeus,........ 50 Bugle, sweet,-----------Lycopus virginicus,....... 50 Bugloss, common,....... (See borage,)............ Burdock leaves,........Artium lappa,........... 25 Burdock root,___________ " " .____..____ 35 Burdock seed,______.___ " " _____._____ 30 Butterfly weed,.........(See pleurisy root,)........ Butternut bark,........Junglans cineria,......... 25 Button snake root,......Liatris spicata,........... 50 Cabbage, meadow, SAvamp, (See skunk cabbage,). .___ Calamus,.............. (See SAveet flag,).......... Canada thistle root,.___Cnicus arvensis,.......... Cancer root plant,......(See beech drops,)........ Canker Aveed,..........Prenanthes alba,.......... 50 Capsicum,..............(See pepper,).....*...... CaraAvay seed,..........Carum carni,......._____ Cardinal flower, blue,____Lobelia syphilitica,........ 50 Cardus, spotted,........Cehtaurea benedicta,..... 50 Carrot leaves, wild,______Daucus carota,........... Carrot seed, wild,_______ " " ________•_ _ Catch-Aveed,...........(See cleavers,)........... Catnip, or catmint,......Nepeta cataria,........... 25 Cayenne,...........(See bird pepper,)........ Ame, garden,......Chelidonum rnajus,....... 50 CATALOGUE OF HERBS, &C. 195 Common Names. Botanical Names. Per lb. Celandine, wild,........ Impatiens pallida,......... 25 Centuary, Am.,......... Sabbatia angularis,........ 50 Chamomile, Ioav,........Anthemis nobilis,......... 50 Chamomile, wild,.......(See mayweed,).......... Checkerberry,......... (See squaAV vine,)........*. Cherries, wild,.........Prunus virginiana,....... Cherry bark, wild,...... " « ....... 25 Chickweed,............Cerastium vulgatum,...... Chillies,.............. (See red pepper,)......... Chocolate root,......... (See Aven's root,)........ Christmas rose,......... (See black hellebore,)..... Cicely, sweet, —....... Uraspermum claytoni,..... 50 Cicuta leaves,..........Conium maculatum,........ 25 Cinque foil,............. (See five-finger,)......... Clammy sage,...........Salvia sclara,............ 40 Clary,................ " « ............. 40 Cleavers, or clivers,___.. Galium aparine,.......... 50 Cliff-weed,............ (See alum root,).......... Clove garlic,........... (See garlic,)............. Clover heads, red,.......Trifolium pratense,........ Clover, sweet,.......... (See meliot,)............. Clustered Sol. Seal,...... (See small Sol. seal,)....... Coakum,.............. (See poke,).............. Coeash root,........___Puniceus,___............ 25 Cook-up hat,........... (See queen's delight,)...... ColFee, Avild,......_____(See fever root,).......... Cohosh, black,......___Macrotys racemose,________ 50 Cohosh, blue,___________ (See pappoose root,)______ 25 Cohosh, red,___........Actaea rubra,_______-____ 50 Cohosh, white,......... Actaea alba,..........._ 50 Coluuibo root, Am,..... Frasera caroliniensis,,..... 196 [CATALOGUE OF HERBS, &C: Common Names. Botanical Names. Per lb Coltsfoot,........_____Tussilago farfara,--------- 35 Comfrey,........______Symphitum officinalis,_____ 30 Consumption brake,_____Botrychium fumaroides,---- Coolwort,_________..... Mitella corifolia,.__________ 25 Coral* root,______i_____(See crawley,)------..... Corn snake root,....... (See button snake root,)---- Coriander seed,_________Coriandruonm sativum,.... 25 Cough root,........... (See beth root,)__________. CoAvparsnip leaves,______Heracleum lanatum,_______ 50 " root,....... " " ....... 50 " seed,....... " " ....... 50 Cramp bark,____________Viburnum oxycoccus,..... 50 Cranesbill,______________Geranium maculatum,_____ 45 CraAvley,_______________ Corallorhiza adontorhiza,___ CroAvfoot,______________ (See cranesbill,)________... Cuckoo-bread,__________(See wood sorrel,)________ Cucumber tree bark,.___Magnolia acuminata,______ Culver's root,___________Leptandria virginica,......1 00 Cure-all,........______(See lemon balm,)________ Daisy floAvers,__________Crysanthemum leucanthcmum, 25 Dandelion herb,________Leontodon taraxacum,_____ 25 " root,........ " " ..... 40 Devil's bit,....._......(See blazing star,)______:. 75 Dill seed, or dilly,_______Anethum graveolens,______ Dittany,......________Cunila mariana,___....... Dock, broadleaf,_______. Rumex obtusifolius,_______ 50 " yelloAV,____...... " crispus,___________ 30 " water,___________ " aquaticus,....._ .. Dogwood bark,.....____(See boxAvood,).......... round-leaved, .. (See green-osier,)_______„. swamp,_______(See rose avUIoav,)._______ CATALOGUE OF HERBS, ...............(See deadly nightshade,)... Elecampane,----.......Inula helenium,.......... 25 Elder bark,............Sambucus canadensis,..... 50 " flowers,.......___ » u " dwarf,...........Aralia hispida,........... 50 " sweet,........... (Seealder,)............. Elm bark,.............Ulmus fulva,............ 30 ground,...... « « .........____ 30 flour,........ « « ............. 50 " superfine,_____ " " _____..... Y5 Emetic herb,........... (See lobelia,)............ Eve's cup,............ (See side-saddle,)......... Euphorbia,----........(See Am. ipecac,)......... False alder,............ (See black alder,)......... Featherfew,...........(See feverfew,)........... 50 Fennel seed,...........Anethum foeniculum,..... 50 Fern, male or shield,----Aspidium filix-mas,....... 50 " meadoAv,.......... (See sAveet gale,)......... sweet,......-----Comptonia asplenifolia,____ 25 Fever bush, bark,.......Laurus benzoin,.......... 50 " leaves,...... " " ___________ 50 FeverfeAV,.............Chrysanthemum partheium,- 50 Fever root,............ Triosteum perfoliatum,..... 50 " tAvig,.._........_ (See bitter-sweet,)........ FireAveed,........ .----Senecio hieracifolius,______ 50 Fishmouth,.......-----(See snakehead,)......... Fit root,----------------Monarda uniflora,.....____1 00 Five finger,............Potentilla canadensis,...... 50 « 198 CATALOGUE OF HERBS, <1»C. Common Names. Botanical Names. Per lb. Flag lily,.............. (See blue flag,)........... Fleabane,______________Erigeron canadense,....... 25 " Philadelphia,___(See scabious,).....-----. Flower-de-luce,......... (See blue flag,).......____ 50 Flux root,______________ (See Samson snake root,)___ Foxglove,______________Digitalis purpurrea,_______ 35 FrostAvort,________-.... Cistus canadensis,_________ 40 Fumitory,______________Fumaria officinalis,_____... Garantogen,......_____ (See ginseng,)____________ t Garget,________.___... (See poke,)_____________.. Garlic,________........Allium sativum,__....... Gay feather,........... (See button snake root,) — Gentian,............... Gentiana lutea,.....___.. 25 " blue or southern,. (See Samson snake root,)___ Gill-go-over-the-ground,.. (See ground ivy,).......... Ginger,______________.. Amomum xingiber,_______ " Avild,........ ___(See Canada snake root,) ... Ginseng, or ginsing,_____Panax quinquefolia,_______ Gold thread,___........Coptis trifolia,___......___1 00 Golden rod, sweet,___-.. Solidago odora,___ ______ 50 Goldenseal,____________ Hydrastus canadensis,____. 50 Goose-foot wormseed,____ (See Avormseed,).._______. Goose-grass,.......____(See cleavers,)____._„.___ Ground lily,____________ (See beth root,)...________ Gravel plant,___........Epigaea repens,____________ ". root, —.________ (Sen queen of the meadow,). Gum plant,....."....... (See comfrey,)_____._____ Hardback leaves,.......Spiraj tormentosa,._...... 35 Heal-all,..............Prunella vulgaris,......___ Healing herb,..........* (See comfrey,)........... * Henbane, black.___..... Hyosciamos niger,........ 75 CATALOGUE OF HERBS, _.....(See stoneroot,)___________ Knot grass,_____________Polygonum aviculare,_____ Labrador tea,____________Ledum latifolium,___.____ 40 Ladies' slipper,__________. Cypripedium flavum,______ 75 " sorrel,...._______Oxalis carniculata,________ Lamb-kill,_______________(See laurel,)____........ Larkspur herb,___________Delphinium consolidum,... 60 " seed,____....... " " Laurel leaves,___________Kalmia latifolia,___________ 38 Lavender flowers,______. Lavendula/spica,___...... 50 Lavose,.________________(See lovage,)............ Leatherwood bark,......Dirca palustris,....._____ Leopard-bane,......____(See arnica,)______________ Lettuce, garden,___.....Lactuca sativa,------..... 50 " wild,„__________ " elongata,__________ 50 Life-everlasting,........ (See sweet balsam,)....... 35 Life of man,..__________(See spikenard,)___________ Life root,_______________ Senecio aureus,____________ Lily, white pond,___.....Nyniphae adorata,______.. 50 Lily, yellow pond,_______Nuphar advena,......____ 50 Linden flowers,.........(See tilia,)________________ Liquorice root, wild,.....(See sarsaparilla,)........ Liverwort, or liver leaf,... Hepatica triloba,.........1 00 CATALOGUE OF HERBS, __________Polygonum punctatum,____ 25 " shamrock,________(See buckbean,)---------. Wax myrtle,...........(See bayberry,).......... White leaf............. (Seehardhack,).......... 210 CATALOGUE OF HERBS, AC. Common Names. Botanical Names. Pel IN Whistle-wood,.......... (See striped maple,)...... White root,......._____(See pleurisy root,)------- " wood bark,______Liriodendron tulipifera,---- 30 Wickup,_______________Epilobium spicatum,...... 50 Wild tobacco,__________ (See lobelia,)......------ " turnip,...........Arum tryphy Hum, ....... Willow, pussey,.....____(See pussey wUIoav,)------ " bark, white,.....Salix alba,...........— Winter bloom,___........ (See witch hazel,)........ " clover,.......... (See squaw vine,) ------- " berry,___....._. (See black alder,)......_. Wintergreen,____________Gaultheria procumbens,... 40 Witch hazel bark,_______Hamamellis virginica,..... 40 " leaves,...... " " _____ 30 Wolfsbane leaves,.._____ (See aconite,)......^ — Wormseed,.....________Chenopodium anthelminticum, 40 Wormwood,______..... Artemisia absynthium,---- 40 YarroAV,........_______ Achillea millefolium,______ 25 Yaw root,______________(See queen's delight,)---. Yellow broom,___......(See indigo,)............ " parilla,___.___.. Menispermum canadense,.. " wood,____...... (See prickly ash.)........ And various kinds indigenous to our country. SYNONYMS. Alder, striped,............see Witch hazel. Apple, Peru,............. " Thorn apple. Arbutus, trailing,......... "' Gravel plant. Arse-mart,.............. " Water pepper. Asthma weed,............ " Lobelia. Balm, mountain,__________ " OsAvego tea. Balm, red,.............. " " " Basil, wild,_______________ " Dittany. Bear berry,.............. " Uva-ursi. Beccabunga,..........___ " Brooklime. Bed-straw,__________..... " Cleavers. Beech drops,............. " Cancer root plant. Bee's nest,.............. " Wild carrot. Belladonna,.............. " Deadly nightshade Bindweed,.............. " Man root. Bitter clover,............ " Centaury. Birth root,.............. " Beth root. Bitter herb,.........---- " Snakehead. Balmony,............... " " Bitter worm,___........ " Buckbean. Black root,.............. " Culver's root. Black snake root,......... " Cohosh, black. Blue-bells,.............. " Abscess root. Blue-berry,.............. " Pappoose root. Boneset, purple,.......... " Queen of the meadow. Bouncing Bet,........... " Soapwort. Box-berry,.............. " Wintergreen. 212 CATALOGUE OF HERBS, AC. Bugloss, common,........see Borage. Butterfly weed,.......... " Pleurisy root. Cabbage, meadow or swamp, " Skunk cabbage. Calamus,______________- " Sweet flag. Catchweed,........_____ " Cleavers. Chamoile,_____________. " Mayweed. Checkerberry,_______.... " Squaw vine. Chocolate root,__........ " Aven's root. Christmas rose,__________ " Black hellibore. Cinque foil,_____________ " Five fingers. Cliff weed,__.......____ " Alumroot. Clove garlic,.............. " Garlic. Clover, sweet,............ " Melilot. Clustered Sol. seal,_______ " Sol. seal, small. Coakum,__......______ " Poke. Cock-up hat,___---"..... " Queen's delight. Coffee, wild,...........____ " Fever root. Cohosh, blue,______..... " Pappoose root. Coral root,.....________ " Crawley. Corn snake root,_________ " Button snake root, Cough root,__......___ " Beth root. Crowfoot,_______........ " Cranesbill. Cuckoo-bread,__________. " Wood sorrel. Cure-all,_________...... " Balm lemon. Devil's bit,___________... " Blazing star. Dogwood bark,__________ " Boxwood bark, Dogwood roundAVOod, ) , ^r.,, ° ., ' V__ " \V 1II0AV rose. " swamp, ) Dragon root,____________ " Wild turnip. Dragon's claw,........... " Crawley. Dropsy plant.._.......... " Balm lemon. Dwale,................. " Night shade, deadly, CATALOGUE OF HERBS, AC. 213 Elder, sweet,.............see Elder Emetic herb,___.......... " Lobelia. Eve's cup,............... " Side-saddle. Euphorbia,.............. " American ipecac. False alder,.............. " Black alder. Featherfew,....._....... " Feverfew. Fern, meadow,........... " Sweet gale. Fever twig,.............. " Bittersweet. Fishmouth,....._........ " Snakehead. Flaglily,................ " Blue flag. Fleabane, Philadelphia,____ " Scabious. Fleur-de-lis,______....... " Blue flag. Flux root,..--------..... " Samson snake root. Garantogen,___._________ " Ginseng, Garget,__________________ " Poke. Gay feather,_____._______ " Button snake root. Gentian, blue or southern,.. " Samson snake root. Gill-go-over-the-ground,____ " Ground ivy. Ginger, wild,.._____________ " Canada snake root. Goose grass,______________ " Cleavers. Goosefoot wormseed,______ " Wormseed Ground lily,______________ " Bethroot. Gravel root,._____________ " Queen of meadow. Gum plant,........._____ " Comfrey. Hellibore, foetid,___________ " Skunk cabbage. Hemlock, poison,___...... " Cicuta leaves. Healing herb,.........._- " Comfrey. High cranberry bark,______ " Cramp bark. Honey bloom,........____ " Bitter root. Hoodwort,......_........ " Scullcap. Horse balm,........_____ " Stone root. " gentian,........... " Fever root. 214 CATALOGUE OF HERBS, AC, Hyoscyamus,_____________see Henbane. Indian arrowwood,........ " W a-a-hoo. " elm,._............ " Elm, slippery. " tobacco,____________ " Lobelia. " turnip,......._____ " Wild turnip. Ipecac, Avild,............. " Fever root. " milk,______....... " Bitter root. Itch weed,...........___ " White hellibore. Jamestown wee ;1,,........ " Thorn apple. Jimson weed,.........---- " " Joe-pye,________- -...... " Boneset. King's clover,..........-- " Melilot. Knobs grass,............. " Stone root. Lamb kill,............... " Laurel. Lavoise,................ " Lovage. Leopard bane,_____________ " Arnica. Life everlasting,_________.. " SAveet balsam. Life of man, ..0.......... " Spikenard. Linden flowers,___________ " BassAvood.. Liquorice, wild,........... " Sarsaparilla. Locust plant,............. " Senna. Mad weed,.............. " Scullcap. Maple, ground,........... " Alum root. Marjoram, wild,.......... " Mountain mint. Mars!, treroil,............ " Buckbean. Masterwort,............. " CoAvparsnip. May apple,....._........ " Mandrake. Meadow cabbage,_________ " Skunk cabbage. " fern leaA^es and burs,. " Sweet gale. Mealy starwort........... " Blazing star. Megereon, American,.____ " Leather wood. Milfoil,................. " Yarrow. CATALOGUE OF HERBS, AC. Mitrewort,________ Mohawk-weed,____ Moldavian balm,___ Monarda,_________ Monkshood,____.. Moosewood,_______ Mountain box,..... " dittany,.. " flax,..... Mouth root,_______ Myrtle leaves,_____ Necklace Aveed,__. Noah's ark,_______ Nerve root, water,. Nightshade, black,. " Avoody, Ninsin,......____ Old man,......... One berry,________ Origanum,____.___ Ozier, red,___..... Ox-eye daisy,______ Partridge berry,____ Patience,.....____ " garden,____ Petty-morrel,______ Pigeon berry,______ Pipe plant,________ Pipsisseway,_______ Poke, Indian,______ Pool root,. - -..... Poplar, white,...... see Coolwort. " Bellwort. " Balm, sweet. " Horsemint. " Aconite. " Maple, striped. " Uva ursi. " Dittany. " Seneca snake root. " Goldthread. " Bayberry. " Cohosh, white. a a a " Indian hemp, white. " Nightshade, garden. " Bittersweet. " Gensing. " Southernwood. " Squaw vine. " Horsemint. " Rose willow. " Daisy. " Squaw vine. " Dock patience. U (I it " Spikenard. " Poke. " Fit root. " Prince's pine. " White hellebore. " Sanicle. " White-wood. 216 CATALOGUE OF HERBS, AC. Primrose tree,............. see Scabish. Puccoon, red,_____________ " Blood root. " yellow,......... " Golden seal. Puke weed,_______________ " Lobelia. Pyramid flower,_____.____ " Columbo. Pond dogwood,___... .___ " Button bush. Poplar, white and yellow,.. " White-wood. Polecat weed,_____________ " Skunk cabbage. Rattlesnake's master,____.. " Button snake root. Rattle bush,____.____.___ " Wild indigo.' Raccoon berry,____....... " Mandrake. Rose pink,________________ " Centaury. Ragweed,......--------- " Roman wormwood. Rattlesnake root,......... " Spotted plantain. Rattleweed,.............. " Black cohosh. Red elm,.........,....... " Elm slip. Red-rod,................ " Rose willow. Rheumatism weed,........ " Prince's pine. Rheumatic weed,________. " Cocash. Rock parsley,......._____ " Parsley. " rose,.............. " Frostwort. Sarsaparilla, or bristly stem,. " Elder, dwarf. Scammony, wild,......... " Man root. Scoke root,_______________ " Poke. Sea-thrift,............... " Marsh rosemary. Self-heal,................ » Heal-all. Sheep-berry,............. " Nanny-bush. Silk-Aveed,............... » Milk-weed. Simpler's joy,............ « Vervain. Smart weed,............. " Water pepper. Smallagc,............... " Lovage. Snagrel,................ " Virginia snake root. CATALOGUE Snake root, black,_______., " button,. _„.____ " heart,. _ " rattte,. . " white, __ Snake weed,_______ Snapping hazel-nut,. Spignet,___._____. Spikenard, small,... Spindle bush,_____ Split-rock,.....___ Spotted cardus,____ SpuTge,.......... Square stalk,______ Squaw root,_______ Staff-tree, or vine,.. Starwort, drooping,. Steeple-bush,.. .... Stillingia,______._ Stinking weed,.... Stramonium,____., Succory, wild,_____ Suterberry,.....___ Swamp sassafras,___ Sweat root,_______ Sweet bush,------- " clover,______ " elm,........ " fennel,....... " rush,_______ Scabwort,......... Stonemint,....... OF HERBS, AC. 217 see Black cohosh. " Button snake root. " Canada snake root. " Spotted plantain " White sanicle, " Virginia snake root. " Witch hazel. " Spikenard. " Sarsaparilla " Wa-a-hoo. " Alum root. " Cardus. " American ipecac. " Oswego tea. " Cohosh, blue. " Bittersweet, false. " Unicorn. " Hardhack. " Queen's delight. " Wormseed. " Thorn apple. " Centaury. " Prickly ash. " Green osier. " Abscess root " Sweet fern. " Melilot. " Slippery elm. " Fennel. " Sweet flag. * Elecampane. " Dettany. 218 CATALOGUE OF HERBS, AC. . Star root,.....___________see Blazing star., Squawmint,............. " Pennyroyal. Tea-berry plant,.......... " Wintergreen. Thistle, blessed,........... " Cardus. Thoroughwort,........... " Boneset. Throat root,............. " Aven's root. Toad lily,............... " Water pond lily Toothache tree,........... " Prickly ash. Tormentilla,............. " Cranesbill. Traveler's joy,......•..... " Virgin's boAver. Trumpet weed,........... " Wild lettuce. Tulip tree,............... " WhiteAvood. Turnip, wild,............. " Wild turnip. Turmeric,............... " G. celledine. Tetterwort,.............. " Blood root. Tick weed,.............. *' Pennyroyal. Umbil root,.............. l-f Nerve root. Uncum,................. " Life root. Valerian, American,____... " Ladies' slipper. " Greek,. r........ '' Abscess root, Vine maple,.......*...... '- YelloAV. Wake robin,............. " Wild turnip. Walnut bark, white,....... " Butternut bark. Water bugle,.........'.... " Sweet bugle. " cup,_______________ " Side-saddle plant. " horehound,........ " Archangel. Wild lemon,............. " Mandrake. Wi ndwort,.............. " Pleurisy. White bay,.............- " Swamp sassafras. Water dock,....._....... " Dock water " shamrock,......... " Buckbean Wax myrtle,............. " Bayberry. CATALOGUE OF HERBS, AC. 219 White leaf,....._______.. see Hardhack. * Whistle-wood,........____ " Striped maple. White root,_______________ " Pleurisy root. Wild tobacco,_____________ " Lobelia. Winter bloom,............. " Witch hazel. " clover,......._____ " Squaw vine. " berry,_____________ " Black alder. Wolfsbane,......,_______ " Aconite. , Yaw root,________________ " Queen's delight. YelloAV broom,........___ " Indigo, wild. " wood,______...... " Prickly ash. • 220 CATALOGUE OF HERBS, A . ORDINARY EXTRACTS. Common Names. Botanical Names. Per lb. Aconite.............. Aconitum napellus.....___$3 00 Balm Gilead......____ Populus balsamifera_____.. 2 00 Bittersweet___________Solanum dulcamara______. 1 50 Bitter-root____________ Apocynum androsmiaefolium 3 00 Boneset_____________,. Eupatorium perfoliatum____1 50 Beer, comp. of roots____......_..........___.. 1 50 Burdock.............Arctium lappa___________ 1 00 Butternut_______.....Juglans cineria___________ 1 00 Borage__________.... Borago officinalis_________2 00 Chamomile___........Anthemis nobilis.........3 00 Cicuta________.______Conium maculatum_______1 00 Clover, red__________.. Trifolium pratense________r*0Q CoAvparsnip___........ Heracleum lanatum....... 1 00 Dandelion........____Leontodon taraxacum_____1 00 Foxglove._____,______Digitalis purpurea________ 2 50 Garget, or poke________Phytolacca decandria.....1 50 Gentian___.....______ Gentiana lutea___________1 50 Harkhack________.....Spiraea tormentosa______.. 1 50 Henbane______________Hyoscyamus niger________2 00 Hellebore___. .....___Helleborusfoetidus_.......2 00 Hops_________________Humulus lupulus......... 2 00 Horehound___........Marrubium vulgare.______2 00 Lettuce, garden____.... Lactuca sativa.__________1 00 " wild___....... " elongata_________1 00 Motherwort___........Lenorurus cardiaca._.....1 00 Mullein_______________Verbascum thapsus_______1 50 Mandrake............Podophyllum peltatum.... 2 00 CATALOGUE OF HERBS, AC. 221 Common Names. Botanical Names. Per lb. Nightshade, deadly.....Atropa belladonna........$2 00 garden----Solunum dulcamara.......2 50 Oak bark....._.......Quercus alba............ 1 00 Peach...............Amygdalus persica_______2 00 Poplar...............Populus tremuloides......1 00 Poppy--------------Papaver somniferum_____2 00 Prince's pine........... Chimaphilla umbellata___1 50 ttue---------.-----Ruta graveolens__......1 50 Sarsaparilla........__Aralia nudicaulis.....__ " comp........ " " &c____.. 1 50 Savin------__.....__Juniperus sabina.........1 50 Snakehead, orbalmony.. Chelone glabra__.......1 5C Senna....__,........Cassia marilandica.!_____. 1 50 Sorrel —....._______. Rumex acetosa__________2 00 Tomato______________ Solanum lycopersicum____ 1 50 Thorn apple...........Datura stramonium......1 00 Uva-ursi.......______Arbutus uva-ursi.........2 00 Water pepper —......Polygonum punctatum___1 00 Wintergreen__________Gaultheria procumbens.... 2 00 White walnut_________Juglans cineria___.___. 1 00 Wormwood.......___Artemesia absinthium____1 50 Yellow dock.___.___Rumex crispus....._____1 00 Yarrow_____________. Achillea millefolium____. 1 00 222 CATALOGUE OF HERBS, AC. DOUBLE DISTILLED AND FRAGRANT WATERS. Per gallon. Rose,......................-............----$1 25 Peach,...................................._. ' 75 Cherry,..................................... 75 Sassafras,__________.....________________....... 75 Peppermint,_____________________________________ 50 Spearmint,____________________......__________ 60 Elder Flower,................................. 50 Also, any other kinds distilled to order. OINTMENTS. Common Names. -, Botanical Names. Bittersweet,___.....___.........Celastri. Cicuta,_________.______________Conii. Cocculus indicus,..___...........CoccuK. Rider,__________._______........Sambuci. Hellebore,.....................Veratri albi. Hallow marsh,..................Althaaa. Meadow fern,..................Myrica. Poplar,.......................Populi. Savin,____....................Sabinae. Thorn-apple....................Stramonii. Tobacco,......................Tabaci. Yellow dock,..................Rumex. I am prepared to furnish any of the foregoing medicines, extracts, etc., on short notice. Address, " St. Vincent do Paul, Lower Canada." They may also be had of Peck & Co., New-York. PROPERTIES EXPLAINED. Acrid—biting, caustic. Alterative—which establishes the healthy functions. Anodyne—quieting, easing pain. Anti-bilious—correcting the bile. Anti-lithic—preventing the formation of gravel, or stone. Aperient—laxative, or gently cathartic. Anti-septic—against or preventing mortification. Anti-scorbutic—useful in scurvy. Anti-spasmodic—against spasm, calming nervous irritation. Aromatic—agreeable, spicy. Astringent—shortening the fibres, strengthening. Balsamic—mild, healing, stimulent. Carminative—expelling wind. Cathartic—purgative, cleansing the bowels. Demulcent—sheathing, lubricating, preventing irritation. Deobstruent—bettering the secretions, or removing obstnic tions. Diaphoretic—producing insensible perspiration. Discutient—dissolving, discussing, Diuretic—increasing the urine. Emetic—causing Amounting. Emollient—softening, causing Avarmth and moisture. Errhine—discharging at the nostrils. 224 PROPERTIES EXPLAINED. Expectorant—producing a discharge from the lunga. Febrifuge—dispelling fever, allaying fever heat. Herpetic—curing skin diseases. Narcotic—stupifying, procuring sleep. Nerving—strengthening the nerves. Pectoral—useful in diseases of the lungs. Refrigerent—diminishing animal temperature. Rubefacient—producing heat and redness of the skin. Stimulant—exciting action on the system. Stomachic—good for the stomach. Styptic—preventing bleeding. Sudorific—causing sweat. Tonic—permanently strengthening the system." Vermifuge—destroying worms. RECOMMENDATIONS. We, the undersigned, have employed Madame Young, in our families, and for ourselves, and have been witnesses of many cures effected by her treatment in various diseases, which had baffled eminent physicians. We cheerfully recommend her to all afflicted. A. Saunier, French Priest, J. A. Thornton, H. Scrantom, A. C. Way John S. Marlow, Att'y at law, Dr. J. Naramore, Mrs. S. Richardson, Thos. Weddle Mrs. Keeler, J. Corris, Thos. Galvin, R; Stone, Mrs. Parker, D. Davis. Rochester, March 2d, 1854. This is to certify, that my daughter Maria, aged nine years, was so afflicted with scrofula that her ears were eat through into her head, and her face, neck, and head, Avas a mass of corruption; she became blind, and had fits. I had employed every skillful physician in this city, and elsewhere, and patent medicine, to no aArail. When Madame Young came into this city, Ave were prevailed upon to try her medicine, as she had wrought so many wonderful cures here. We employed her, and, thanks be to my Heavenly Father, in two months my beloved daughter was healed. Madame Young is a true Christian—skillful in the healing art. We recommend her to all afflicted, as the only sure way to health. Rochester, N. Y.; Sept. 6, 1854. W. H. Spring, li RECOMMENDATIONS. I hereby certify, that the treatment of Mrs. Young, with roots, has done me much good; my stomach has been weak for a great many years. Only fifteen days since, I commenced using roots given me by said lady, and I am impelled to-day to testify, that within twenty years I have not been as well—' so easy, so refreshed through my Avhole system. If I so tes- tify, it is because of my hope that many of the Rochesterians will probably experience, as I do, the unutterable pleasure of finding themselves, in a feAV days, restored from a Aveakly con- dition of body, to the freshness of health.. This reminds me of what I Avas often told—namely, that the men of long by- gone days lived so long, because their thorough knowledge in using these roots of the earth—simple, natural physics from our bountiful God. Rev. A. Saunibr, French Priest, Ely Street, Rochester, N. Y. This may certify, that Ave, the subscribers, have employed Madame Young in* our families, in the treatment and cure of various diseases; and that her management—particularly in chronic diseases Avhich had baffled the skill of the most distinguished physicians—has been eminently successful, and highly satisfactory. For several years we have been acquainted with her character, and, knoAving her to be worthy of confi- dence we cheerfully recommend her to those who may stand in need of her services, as a truly devoted Christian and skill- ful physician. For seven years she was presiding physician over the Shakers' Society at New Lebanon, N. Y. Peter Strong, Barre, Mass. Dea. Sam'l P. Holland, John Howe, John Simmons, Esq., Robert Stevens, Elijah Hildreth, Mary Jones, Jacob P. Hubbard Eliza A. Thompson, Moses White, Per'a A. Butterfield, R. Sibley, Jonas Bloss, I. I. Randal, L. H. Rice, Capt. Seth Williams. John Deland, Jr., Petersham, Mass., March 5, 1850 RECOMMENDATIONS. iii. This is to certify, that my husband has been afflicted for nine years with the asthma, and several physicians who have attended him gave him over as past help, and must die of consumption. He has been obliged to spend several hours, on a cold winter's night, with his breast upon the sill of the open window, to get his breath. I have called my friends and neighbors, as I supposed, to see him die. But, through the instrumentality of Mrs. Young, and the blessing of Providence,. he has been restored to a comfortable state of health. " The Avind bloweth where it listeth; we hear the sound thereof, and we cannot tell whence it cometh nor whither it goeth ; so is every one that is born of God." And this seems the case with Madame Young. Rochester, N. Y. Ann Nurse, Francis Nurse. This may certify, that I was afflicted nine years with scrof- ula, diseases of the throat and glands, in breathing—called by physicians bronchitis, asthma, neuralgia, and six years Avith tic doloreaux. Consulted twenty-two physicians, and have been under the immediate care of fifteen, and I obtained no permanent cure, but a little partial relief, which was not of long continuance. All gave me up as incurable, and pre- scribed only opium, internally and externally. At this time, my friends concluded that before another year they must con- vey me to an Insane Hospital for life, at the age of 32. Thanks to my Heavenly Father, we heard of the many blessings that had been conferred through the instrumentality of Madame Young. As the last recourse we sent for her, and she, Avith her indefatigable zeal for the relief of suffering humanity, soon removed the cause, by renovating the blood; and I am, after following her prescriptions threo months, per- fectly well, and have not taken any medicine for one year. I Avrite this rather long testimonial, to encourage invalids to put entire confidence in Madame Young, as she is truly pious, and a skillful physician. Given under my hand, at Spencer, Mass., February 20th, 1850. Eleanor P. Bush. IV. RECOMMENDATIONS. I certify, that my wife has been in a feeble state of health for eight years; was at first attacked with typhus fever, and brought very low. Since, according to the opinion of many noted physicians, who have attended upon her, she has becD afflicted with the spinal disease, neuralgia, &c, which baffled their skill, and yielded not to their medicine. Six weeks since she Avas again taken down with the typhus fever, and was very much reduced, when she employed Madame Young She noAV enjoys a very good degree of health. The diseaso Avhich has so long afflicted her, Avith its attendant difficulties has been made to yield, and she now enjoys the greatest of temporal blessings—good health. Petersham, Mass., Marih 1, 1850. Rev. J. Shepardson. This is to certify, that my wife has been in a state of ill health for four years, with pains and a cough, and scrofula internally and externally. Eminent physicians and patent medicines were tried, to no avail. Finally, as medicine rather irritated, we gave up, and concluded she must die. Hearing of the many remarkable cures of our friends by Madame Young's syrups, we employed her, and I can in gratitude thank my Heavenly Father that my Avife is Avell, and can attend to the duties of our family. Jonathan Ring. Chesterfield, April 20, 1847 With feelings of gratitude toward God, and for the benefit of my OAvn sex, I publish the following: In the year 1840, I was taken with a pain in my spine, and faintness, had fits, and my bowels Avere in a constipated state. I grew worse daily, and new diseases carn^ upon me—scrofula, chronic rheumatism, with prolapsus uteri. Year 1848, I was unable to help myself in the least. In March, 1848, I was recom- mended to Madame Young, and as physicians had given me up as incurable, I sent for her, as the last resource; and I can 'say with truth, in less than five months I could go about and attend to the duties of my family. Given under my hand, at Chesterfield, Jan. 25, 1849. Sarah Barnard. RECOMMENDATIONS. V It is with pleasure that I am permitted to add my testi- m ony to the many in favor of Madame Young, as possessed of skill m determining the character of diseases and in applying the remedy, especially such diseases as are common to females. My wife Avas troubled with the prolapsus uteri, and scrofula and dropsy for a number of years, and spent much time and money in seeking relief from physicians, but found it not, until, in the Providence of God, she was permitted to see Madame Young, in whom she found a friend and physician indeed, and was soon constrained to feel that there was "balm in Gilead " for the afflicted. Suffice it to say, that she was restored to that degree of health, which for years she had been a stranger to. I can heartily recommend Madame Young to all the afflicted of Adam's race. Petersham, March 6, 1850. Thomas T. Jenks. This may certify: I was afflicted with dropsy, was given up by physicians as incurable; having had the canker rash and measles four years previous, which had settled in my joints, so that I could not bend them; pronounced by physicians, rheumatic gout. I was also afflicted with shortness of breath,' spasms, &c. At this time, I had a son troubled much with diabetes. I was in despair of ever seeing my son well. When Madame Young came to this village, Sept. 12th, I applied to her; she attended my family three months, and I can say in truth I have laid aside crutches and cane, and am able to do a good day's work on my farm ; my son is restored to health, thanks be to my Heavenly Father. I recommend this truly good Samaritan to old and young, as she never lost a child placed under her medical care, after the physicians gave them up to die. John How. Barre, Mass., March 2, 1850. This certifies, that my daughter, Phebe A. Jones, aged four rears, has been severely afflicted with scrofulous affections in the neck, so that her head was drawn on one side, thereby causing much pain and suffering; and after being doctored VI RECOMMENDATIONS. and operated upon by the best physicians and surgeons in this city, was given up by them as incurable, they not being able to afford her the least relief. I Avas recommended to Madame Young, Avho, in less than eight Aveeks, cured her of every vestige of disease, and she noAV enjoys the most perfect health. This certificate is given in the hope that others afflicted may know Avhere to find relief. John Jones. Albany, Feb. 16, 1849. We, the subscribers, hereby certify that we have employed the bearer, Madame Young, personally in our families, in the treatment and cure of diseases; that her course has been entirely satisfactory, especially in chronic complaints. We recommend her to the afflicted, as possessing much skill in the healing art. Philip R. Gifford, M. C. Graves, Philo Temple, Nathaniel Jennings, Alfred Perkins, Capt. Oliver Sage, W. R. Wilson, Electa Graves, Eunice H. Clapp, David Henry, S. W. Leavitt, Betsey Henry. Greenfield, Franklin Co., Mass., Oct., 1849 i MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY I aw do Aavaan wnoiivn snoiosw do Aavaan tvnoiivn 3nidio3w do Aavai 1. IAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY C ia3w do Aavaan tvnoiivn snidiosw do Aavaan tvnoiivn snioiqsw do Aavas NAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY C aaw do Aavaan wnoiivn snidiosw do Aavaan wnoiivn 3Nma3w do Aavaa * t \ < -a NAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY C 33W jo Aavaan ivnoiivn 3NiDia3w do Aavaan ivnoiivn 3Ni3ia3w do Aavy i- \ 1 /» i «\ i aan wnoiivn snioiqsw do Aavsalt wnoiivn 3NiDiaaw do Aavaan tvnoiiv OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICIf j p- aan wnoiivn snioicisw do Aavaan tvnoiivn snidiqsw do Aavaan tvnoiiv OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICII- aan wnoiivn snidiqsw do Aavaan tvnoiivn snidiqsw do Aavaan tvnoiiv D ri' ^^ ° OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICI raan wnoiivn snidiqsw do Aavaan wnoiivn snidiqsw do Aavaan WNOir NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NLM DMmEflfll T NLM041428819