A SANITARY SURVEY OP THE CITY OP EUGENE, OREGON BY PAUL BY SPANGLER HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL 1923 INDEX Page I, Introduction History 1 Geography 5 Climate 7 Population 9 Board of Health 11 II. Data Water 12 Sewage 17 Garbage, Refuse and Ashes 19 Vital Statistics 22 Milk 33 Nuisances 38 Housing 41 Infectious Diseases * 43 Schools 46 Industrial Hygiene 48 Miscellaneous 51 III* Summary, Criticism and Recommendations 54 EUGENE OREGON HISTOHICAL STATEMENT In 1846 Eugene ?. Skinner staked a claim to some land on the upper end of the Willamette Valley, which was destined to become a very beautiful and prosperous city* In 1847 he built a log cabin on the west end of the butte which still bears his name - this was the first house in Eugene* Here Eugene Skinner, his wife and infant daughter took up their residence, Mrs* Skinner being the first white woman to live in Eugene, Lane County. In 1851 the Skinners being reinforced by several new families, Mr. Skinner alone with Mr. D. M. Bisaon surveyed and plotted out the town of Eugene. It was not until April, 1852, that the site was finally plotted and recorded. The settlement grew but slightly until 1853 when the county seat was located at this little frontier town and from that time on success was assured. In 1862 the question of incorporation was opened. As one of the papers of that time stated; "Some of our citizens are striving to have Eugene City incorporated. Their reason being that they desire to banish the common nuisances, hogs and grog-shops from the town.” The opposition maintained that to support a city govern- ment to get rid of a few old sows that might perambulate the streets was a rather expensive way of accomplishing a small a nount of good. However, in spite of the opposition, the town 'was duly incorporated by an act of legislature on October 17th, 1862, as Eugene City. On October 22nd, 1864, the city was re-incorporated as the City 2 of Eugene, which name it still bears. Also in the year 1862 Eugene was chosen by the vote of the people of the state to be the location of the capitol, but due to early political crookedness, it was robbed of this honor by the Salem clique, and at the next general election the majority of the votes, it was duly established as the Capitol of Oregon* Eugene has always been recognized as the educational center of the state. As early as 1856 there was an institute of higher learning here, Columbia College, raiich lived through three stormy years and ceased. It, however, had many of the leading men in the early state history as pupils, among them being Joaquin Miller, the famous poet. From this time until the founding of the State University, there were numerous select schools conducted and two or three acad- emies. Most of these, however, were but short-lived. At about the time of the establishment of the State University, Eugene built a fine two-story school building and employed an efficient staff of instructors and started an efficient and thorough public school system. In 1872 the legislature located the State University at Eugene, they set aside land to support it, but the citizens of Eugene, Lane County, were to furnish the site and building and have it com- pleted and ready to turn over to the state in two years. The building was started, but funds became exhausted and the time limit drew near. Successful lobbying at the next legislature secured an extension of time to 1877. So the work was renewed with new vigor and finally, after many discouraging times, the building was 3 completed, turned over to and accepted by the state* The school was opened to students in the fall of 1876 and the first class, consisting of five} graduated in 1378. The growth of the University and the public school system has been steady, until as stated before, Eugene is the recognized educational center of the state. Transportation facilities in the early days were very lim- ited and means of communication were slight. The earliest travel was by horseback. However, the flat country of the Willamette valley was early traversed by wagons. Eugene is located at the head of navigation up the 7/illamette river, and before the days of the railroad, Eugene shipped her produce via water to the outside markets. However, along about 1870 the people began to talk about railroads. And after one or two unsuccessful attempts, the Oregonand California railroad r secued a right of way, and the first train reached Eugene from Portland on October 8th, 1871. About this same time, wagon roads were being build over the Cascade Mountains to the east to communicate with Eastern Oregon and the Atlantic by means of the Pacific Bailroad which pierced the eastern part of the state. These various highways and railroad made travel much easier and served as an inducement for immigrants to settle in the vicinity. In looking over the record I find one or two items of interest from the public health point of view. As has already been stated, the incorporation of the city resulted from the desire on the part of the public-spirited citizens to rid the community of the public nuis- ances, hogs and grog-shops. Aiso of interest are several epidemics 4 of smallpox. There were several appearances of this disease, and the cases were quickly isolated. 3ut in 1881 the disease appeared again and the city provided a pest house and a capable nurse to care for the patients, and directed the school board to protect the student by vaccination and recommended similar measures to the public. Also of interest were numerous acts ordering the citizens to clean up their lots and alleyways, and to drain low lands where stagnant water collected. Thus we see very early in the history of the city were beginnings of civic pride for which Eugene is noted. Today it has the reputation of being one of the cleanest and neatest cities of the state. 5 GEOGrBPHICAL POSITION Eugene is located on the Willamette River, about 125 miles south of Portland, and about 60 miles ea'st of the Pacific Ocean* This is at a latitude of about 44° N. and longitude of 123° W. which is in about the middle of the western tier of countries in the state* It is located at the head of the 7/illamette valley which is at the point 15 - 20 miles wide* The valley is traversed in the vicinity by four rivers, all of whien. empty into the main river and between these rivers is some of the richest agricultural land of the state. The city itself lies on fairly flat land and is roughly 4 miles east and west and 2§- miles north and south* The city is surrounded on three aides by the foothills of three mountain ranges, and to the north opens the broad expanse of the Willamette valley. To the east are the Cosfberg Hills and the foothills of the majestic Cascades, to the south-east and south are the foothills of the Cal- ificafias, and to the west the Coast range. These hills are all wooded, mostly on the north side, with the evergreen Firs, Pines, Hemlocks, Spruces, and Cedars, with occasional groves of Oak, Ash, etc* On the south and east the foothills of the run right up into the edge of the city, and these hills, along with Skinner’s Butte, which was* 400 feet out of the northern part of the city, comprise the only high land in the city. Skinner’s Butte is the highest point in the city. It is wooded with Firs on the north and bare on the south. A fine automobile road winds up this 6 Butte to the top* From here one has the city laid out "before him. The Geology of this section is very interesting. Centuries ago the whole west was the Bottom of the ocean. Then as the various forces of nature, the heat of the earth and the pressure of the sea got to work, there were thrown up in succession three plateaus, the first tnat on which the Hocky Mountains are formed, the second on which the Cascades are formed, and the third which go to form the coast range. This left large internal bodies of water, into which many streams flowed, carrying debris and sediment, and glaciers ground down carrying rocks and soil which the chemical action of the ages was to change into soil, rich, deep and productive. The mountains of today are not original upheavals, but are of volcanic origin. The volcanoes came later and on top of the original upheavals, and hence we have these huge mountains of lava on top of the once ocean bed. Tnen these big inland seas drained off into the Pacific, leaving their deposit and the histoiy of the ages written in the soil. Thus we have today mountains of lava chiefly, surrounding a prairie of deep diliviah* which makes up the A largest part of soil of this country. 7 CLIMATE Contrary to the belief throughout the country, Western Oregon is blessed with a mild and most pleasant climate. The year is divided roughly into a wet and a dry season. In the winter the prevailing wind is from the south-west and it is warm and heavily laden with moisture. As this moisture-laden wind strikes the colder land and mountains of the coast, it is condensed and is precipitated as rain. In the summer the conditions are reversed and the pre- vailing winds are from the north-east. We have then a somewhat dark, dismal, damp drizzling winter, which, however, is pleasantly broken with three or four days of sunshine several times during the season. This is followed by a most glorious spring, with spring showers and worlds of flowers. Then comes the summer which is usually as dry as the winter is wet, but even though it is dry and hot in the day- time, it invariably cools down at night so that one needs nearly as many blankets in summer as in winter. Then the fall of the year is usually ushered in with a few showers to break up the drouth of summer and is followed by a month or two of weather which rivals our spring for its charm. Judging from the latitude one would presume that the winter here would be very cold, but such is not the case, due to the equalizing effect of the Japanese current which flows northward, from tropical seas, off the shore of Oregon. Proa a long list of figures it is found that the average seasonal temp- erature for Eugene are spring, 52° P., summer, 67® P., autumn, 63° F., and winter, 38° F., showing a seasonal variation of only 28° for the 8 entire year. As I iiave said, our chief winter storm is rain, a total of 30 inches eften falling in the three or four rain months. The total rainfall averages around 42 inches per year. While snow is not un- heard of, it is rare, there not being on an average of more than 4 inches per year, and many years pass without a trace of it. Electrical storms are rare, not over one or two a year and then they are very mild ones and do but little damage. Hail is very occasionally seen, only four recorded in the last ten years. Thus, while the winters are wet, the rain does not come down in torrents and the native Oregonian gets to really love the rain and would be lost without it, and if you ever come in contact with one, he will invariably begin to tell you about his wonderful climate, the best in the world. 9 POPULATION The growth of Eugene has been very slow, although very steady* This is due to the fact, I believe, that ever since Eugene was made the home of the otate University, the policy of the town has been not to encourage factories and industries to locate there. The result is that Eugene is blessed with a very intelligent and high type of citizens. The inhabitants fall into three chief classes - retired or city residing farmers and business men, those directly connected with the University, those connected with the ordinary business, social and professional life of a small University City. The town grew very slowly up until 1900, it grew from 776 in 1865 to 3,236 in 1900. The growth in the next ten years was quite rapid, the population in 1910 being 9,009. This increase was just a part of a resulting from the general boom to this part of the country, chiefly in the way of boosted organization and lit- erature. However, as I am afraid is not the rule, the growth has been permanent in the case of Eugene, for the population of Eugene in 1920 was up to 10,593. These figures do not include the University population, which would increase the latter figure by about 2,000, and this figure should be added, as the people are residents for nine months of the year. While Oregon has a remarkably low foreign population, Eugene has a still lower one. Eugene’s population is composed of native vhites of native parentage against for the state; 15.4$ native white of foreign or mixed parentage against 10 20.1$ for th© state; 6.5$ of foreign born against 15.3$ for the state; #05$ negroes against 0.2$ for the state; .35$ Indians, Chinese, Japs against 2.4$ for the state. The reason for this low percentage of foreignmers is that Eugene has n© attraction for a foreign population, there are only a few small industries and these employ white help, the construction work is done mostly in the summer months when a good many college students are employed and the rest of the laboring classes are nearly all intelligent white people# The foreigners who do live here are usually of quite an intelligent type, and are easily assim- ilated. For Lane County, and the figures are approximately true for Eugene, there are 2$ Canadians, 1.2$ Germans (including Oerman Jews), 1.1$ Creeks, .7$ English, .66$ Norwegians, .61$ Swedes, .39$ Austrians, .34$ Irish, .34$ Italian, and 2.06$ distriuuted among the remaining nationalities. 11 BOARD OF HEALTH The Board of Health of the City of Eugene is composed of four members of the Common Council which constitutes the City Health Committee and a Secretary* The secretary of the Board of Health is appointed by the Mayor and approved by the Common Council* He must be a graduate of a reputable medical college and possess a licence to practice medicine in the State of Oregon* He receives a slaray of twenty-five dollars a month for his services. As a result of c this slight remuneration the position of City Health Offier has become A* something of a political position, and the appointment has come to be considered more or less o:f a monetary reward rather than an opportunity for service. (See Health Regulations attached to section on Infectious Diseases.) 12 WATER The water supply for the City of Eugene is beyond reproach or criticism. The water is taken indirectly from the Willamette Hiver. This is a large stream fed by the melting snows from the Cascade and Coast Hanges. The water shed is then uncontrolled and the possibility of contamination with animal and human excreta is real. There are two small cities above Eugene, one about five miles and the other about twenty, whose sewage is emptied into the river untreated. However, the volume of their sewage is so small, and there are so many rapids between these cities and Eugene that contamination from this source is negligible. During the summer months the raw river water is crystal clear and bacterio-chemical analysis shows the water to be within the U.3. requirements for drinking water. The danger period is just after the fall rains have started, for at this time the summer accumulation of excreta is washed off and the bacterial count rises markedly. This period is soon over, however, and while the river contains much sediment all during the winter, the bacterial count is surprisingly low. A discussion of the water shed and sources of pollution, however, is quite academic for the system of collection; storage and purification is so thorough that a bacterium, to survive the ordeals to which it is exposed, must surely be clad with a coat of mail. 13 DIAGRAM OF PUMPINGr STATION AND WELLS 14 The water is collected in large seepage wells, which lie 10 feet under the ground, after passing through 200 feet of sand ana gravel from the river to the wells* Prom these wells the water is pumped across the river to four settling tanks, each of which have 50,000 gallons capacity* Before entering the settling tanks, the water is treated with 70# of alum per million gallons of water (150# per million in the winter when there is much sediment in the water)• This process removes all microscopic dirt and the greater per cent, of microscopic forms. From the settling tanks the water is pumped through a set of four rapid sand filters and thence into the mains. As the water enters the mains, it is finally treated with Bleaching Powder in quantities sufficient to liberate .12 parts per million Cl of availaole The efficacy of this system of purification of the A water is shown by the fact that the bacterial count in samples taken from the mains shows no foilaterrimUceli and only 1-2 other Bacterium per cc. The water is not stored but used as soon as it is pumped into the mains. There are two service reservoirs of 2,500,000 and 250,000 gallons capacity, each of which act as equalizing reservoirs to maintain the pressure. Only the surplus pumped goes into the reservoirs at all. There is also a third reservoir of 1,000,000 gallons capacity, which is used in case of fire only. But as this reservoir is on the top of an isolated hill there is no chance for pollution and bacterial examinations shows it suitable for use in case of emergency. 15 These reservoirs are drained, scrubbed and treated with quick lime five times a year. The analysis of the water is taken care of by a technician employed by the city who works at the State University. This technician takes samples of water from various sources for analysis. The routine examination consists of plating and gas culture for B. Coli. If any suspicious colonies develop the bacterium is isolated and its identity determined. Samples are taken weekly from the filter outlets at the plant, from four different main dead ends a week and from sundry public and private taps all over the city. In this manner the exact bacteriological content of the water as delivered to patrons in all portions of the city is constantly known. The results are seen in the accompanying chart and it will be seen that 3acteria are nearly absent, the average count being less than one Bacterium per oo. and B. Cell are never present. There are three public driven wells in the city, all ef which are free from sources of pollution. The water in these wells is con- stantly examined by the above technician. There are a few private wells also which are used for drinking purposes by the neighbors in the summer months when the city water i3 not cold. The water in these wells is also looked after by the city authorities to avoid any danger of transmission of disease. OREGON 17 SEWAGE The system of sewage disposal of the City of Eugene is equally as commendable as is the water supply. The system of trunk (red) and service (blue) sewers is shown on the accompanying map. This system reaches all of the business and residential districts of the city except the two small districts indicated on the map. This system is entirely adequate and satisfactory. There is no stag- nation in the sewers. The trunk sewers also carry off the water from the streets and as the streets are flushed daily in the summer when there is little rain, this factor aids in keeping the sewers free and flushed, thus avoiding disagreeable gases and unsatisfactory service. Even with the most severe rain storms the capacity of all the sewers is sufficient to drain off the surplus. The sewage is not purified or treated in any way but as it is emptied into the Willamette diver below the city this precaution is hardly necessary. About four miles below Eugene, the McKenzie diver empties into the Willamette and as it is a river of about equal volume to the Willamette and the first town is twelve miles below this junc- tion, it is hard to see how the sewage of Eugene can in any way dele- teriously effect the health of other cities below it. It certainly is beyond criticism as far as Eugene is concerned and deserves only praise. ’When this survey was made there were only two sections of the city not connected with the public sewers, both of which are shown 18 on the accompanying sewer map* One was an outlying residential dis- trict which was equipped with satisfactory cesspools and which gave no trouble. The other was a small district of poorer residences, whose sanitary needs were supplied by privies in spite of the city ordinances against these* At times during the summer months these privies were a source of a disagreeable odor. But since this survey was made, I have been informed that in accordance with the city’s policy of extending the sewer service to all districts where demand exists, that these two districts have been connected with the Munioios Sewage System. made between supports. Rigid supports shall be so placed that in no case shall any strain come upon the joint, or other connections. All transformers having a secondary voltage rating of less than two hundred and fifty (250) volts shall be grounded according to the National Electrical Code, and when so grounded may be placed on any poles carrying light or power wires of any voltage. The Inspector of Buildings is hereby authorized, and it shall be his duty, to order all such changes in any and all electrical equip- ment as the public good may require. [Power Lines.] Section 22. Power lines, other than trolly wires, of not exceeding 600 volts, shall have a minimum clearance above telegraph, telephone and signal wires of two feet, above or below other power lines of not exceeding 600 volts, unless suitably supported to prevent contact 2 feet; above all trolley wires 4 feet; above or below other power lines of from 600 to 5000 volts, two feet; below other power lines of from 5000 to 15000 volts, 4 feet; below other power lines exceeding 15000 volts, 8 feet. Spacings less than the above may be permitted by the Inspector of Buildings when properly supported or necessity requires. [No Wiring Through Windows.] Section 23. No electric wiring shall be introduced into any build- ing through window casings or window sash, but such wiring must be introduced into any building by carrying the same through the walls thereof. [Report—Collections.] Section 24. The Inspector of Buildings shall make a written re- port to the Common Council on the 5th day of each and every month, which report shall contain the number of permits issued and the amount of money collected under this Ordinance. Such money shall be delivered to the City Recorder, who shall deposit the same with the City Treasurer. The City Recorder shall issue to the Inspector of Buildings a receipt for all money received from the said Inspector of Buildings by virtue of this Ordinance, and the Recorder shall retain a duplicate receipt as a permanent file in his office. [Penalty.] Section 25. Any person, firm, company or corporation who shall violate any of the provisions of this Ordinance, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, before the City Recorder, shall be punished by a fine of not exceeding Two Hundred ($200.00) Dollars, or by imprisonment in the City Jail of Eugene, Oregon, not exceeding ninety (90) days, or by both fine and impris- onment. Section 26. That Ordinance No. 1383, and all other Ordinances in conflict with this Ordinance, be and the same is hereby repealed. Section 27. That inasmuch as the Ordinances now in force and effect covering the installation of electrical wiring and electrical apparatus in the City of Eugene are inadequate, and by reason there- of, imperfect wiring is being done within the limits of said city, an emergency is therefore declared to exist, and it is therefore declared to be for the immediate preservation of the peace, health and safety of the City of Eugene that this Ordinance becomes effective immedi- made between supports. Rigid supports shall be so placed that in no' case shall any strain come upon the joint, or other connections. All transformers having a secondary voltage rating of less than two hundred and fifty (250) volts shall be grounded according to the National Electrical Code, and when so grounded may be placed on any poles carrying light or power wires of any voltage. The Inspector of Buildings is hereby authorized, and it shall be his duty, to order all such changes in any and all electrical equip- ment as the public good may require. [Power Lines.] Section 22. Power lines, other than trolly wires, of not exceeding 600 volts, shall have a minimum clearance above telegraph, telephone and signal wires of two feet, above or below other power lines of not exceeding 600 volts, unless suitably supported to prevent contact 2 feet; above all trolley wires 4 feet; above or below other power lines of from 600 to 5000 volts, two feet; below other power lines of from 5000 to 15000 volts, 4 feet; below other power lines exceeding 15000 volts, 8 feet. Spacings less than the above may be permitted by the Inspector of Buildings when properly supported or necessity requires. [No Wiring Through Windows.] Section 23. No electric wiring shall be introduced into any build- ing through window casings or window sash, but such wiring must be introduced, into any building by carrying the same through the walls thereof. [ Report—Collections.] Section 24. The Inspector of Buildings shall make a written re- port to the Common Council on the 5th day of each and every month, which report shall contain the number of permits issued and the amount of money collected under this Ordinance. Such money shall be delivered to the City Recorder, who shall deposit the same with the City Treasurer. The City Recorder shall issue to the Inspector of Buildings a receipt for all money received from the said Inspector of Buildings by virtue of this Ordinance, and the Recorder shall retain a duplicate receipt as a permanent file in his office. [Penalty.] Section 25. Any person, firm, company or corporation who shall violate any of the provisions of this Ordinance, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, before the City Recorder, shall be punished by a fine of not exceeding Two Hundred ($200.00) Dollars, or by imprisonment in the City Jail of Eugene, Oregon, not exceeding ninety (90) days, or by both fine and impris- onment. Section 26. That Ordinance No. 1383, and all other Ordinances in conflict with this Ordinance, be and the same is hereby repealed. Section 27. That inasmuch as the Ordinances now in force and effect covering the installation of electrical wiring and electrical apparatus in the City of Eugene are inadequate, and by reason there- of, imperfect wiring is being done within the limits of said city, an emergency is therefore declared to exist, and it is therefore declared to be for the immediate preservation of the peace, health and safety of the City of Eugene that this Ordinance becomes effective immedi- ately upon its passage by the Common Council and approval by the Mayor. Passed by the Common Council this 11th day of May, 1914. R. S. Bryson, Recorder. Approved by the Mayor this 11th day of May, 1914. D. E. Yoran, Mayor. The arrangement of soil and waste pipes must be as direct as pos-T sible and have a fall of not less than one-eigbth of one inch per foot towards the sewer or cesspool or septic tank; said soil pipe shall ex- I tend five feet beyond the main outside walls or any area walls. The soil pipe within the house shall be continued above the roof I and left above so that the whole drain may be thoroughly and con- I stantly ventilated. In all cases where a building is used as a hotel tenement, boarding house or restaurant, the owner or occupant j shall provide a properly constructed grease trap through which all slops of a greasy nature shall be drained, and the Inspector of Build- ings shall have authority to compel any person or persons or corpora- ! tion to provide and use a grease trap when in his judgment same is necessary. [Sewer Pipes in Buildings.] Section 7. All sewer, soil or waste pipes within the building shall be of cast iron supported by substantial piers or properly secured to the walls, or suspended to floor timbers by strong iron hangers; when sewers are necessarily laid below a concrete floor man holes shall be built to give access to all clean-outs. [Clean-Outs.] Section 8. There shall be a clean-out in every “Y” in the soil pipe at the foot of each vertical line of said pipe, and in the kitchen sink waste pipes. All clean-outs shall be closed by brass screws and shall be kept accessible. All clean-outs shall be closed by brass screws or galvanized plugs on Durham work, and shall be kept ac- cessible. [Rain Water Leaders.] Section 9. Rain water leaders shall never be used as soil, waste or vent pipes, nor shall soil, waste or vent pipes be used as a leader. Where the leader is within the building it shall be of cast or wrought iron pipe as provided in the following section. When outside the building, if of sheet metal with slip joints, and if connected with i the sewer, it shall be trapped, the trap being arranged to prevent i freezing. In every case where a leader opens near a window or light shaft it shall be properly trapped at its base. The joints between inside iron leaders and the roof shall be made tight by means of caulking ferrules, and lead or copper pipes properly connected to rain water inlets on roof. [Cast Iron Pipe ] Section 10. All cast iron pipe shall be sound and free from de- fects, thoroughly coated inside and out with coal tar asphaltum or pitch. All cast iron soil pipe two inches in diameter or over shall be standard pipe, except where there is a vertical run of more than 20 feet, when extra heavy pipe shall be used on all but the first 20 feet, measuring from the top fixture down. (Ord. No. 1586. P. Aug. 3; Ap. Aug. 3, 1914.) [Waste Pipe Traps.] Section 10a. The waste pipe for each and every sink, basin, bath, water closet, urinal, and each set of trays or other fixtures, shall be separately and effectually trapped. The trap shall be as near as practicable to the fixture it serves. No fixture shall be set unless sup- plied with sufficient water to properly flush it. All bath tubs shall be No. 1523. An Ordinance adopting rules and regulations for the construction of the plumbing of and house drainage of any building in the City of Eugene; providing a penalty for the violation of this Ordinance, and repealing Ordinance No. 985. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Unlawful Connections.] Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person or persons to make any connections with, or in any manner obstruct or interfere with any public sewer or drainage, except as hereinafter provided. [Sewer Connections Required.] Section 2. Every dwelling house, hotel, apartment or tenement house, factory, store or other building in which plumbing arrange- ments have been, or are to be, placed shall be connected with the public sewer when such sewer is provided, and when such sewer is not provided then with a septic tank or cess pool, as the Com- mittee on Health of the Common Council shall direct. [Permit.] Section 3. It shall be unlawful for any person or persons to make any connection with, or in any manner obstruct or interfere with any public sewer in the City of Eugene, without first having obtained a permit for such purposes from the Inspector of Buildings, and such Inspector of Buildings is hereby authorized to issue such permit upon application therefor by the owner or contractor of any building to be connected with such sewer. [Material.] Section 4. The material used in the construction of such private sewer or drain pipes shall be substantially like that used in the public sewers with which connection is made, provided the same is placed at least 18 inches underground; in all other cases cast iron pipes must be used. [Unlawful Connections.] Section 5. No person or persons shall connect any open gutter, cess-pool, privy vault or cistern with any public sewer, or with any private sewer or drain connected with the public sewers. [Drains—How Constructed.] Section 6. It shall be unlawful to construct or extend any drain for the reception of sewerage or waste water under or into any hotel, tenament house, dwelling or any building, or to connect the same with any public sewer unless the said drain shall, in its plans and con- struction, conform to the following requirements: PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE trapped with a drum trap of lead or brass, with screw cover full size of trap, set flush with finished floor. When such drum trap is placed or constructed on the first floor of any building the same must be vented when more than 60 inches from the vent stack, on the second floor 48 inches, and on the third floor, or floors in excess of the third floor, 36 inches. [Capacity of Waste Pipes.] Section 11. No more than two basins, or two pantry sinks, two cuspidors, or two drinking fountains shall be connected on one and- fourth inch waste line. No more than four basins, two bath tubs, or two sinks shall be connected on one and one-half inch waste lines. No more than two laundry tubs or two urinals shall be connected on one and one-half inch waste line, and not more than one slop sink shall be connected on a two inch waste line, and not more than eight small fixtures shall be connected on a two inch waste line. All wrought iron pipes shall be galvanized with recessed drainage fittings on the waste. [Joints.] Section 12. Joints in cast iron pipe shall be made with an oakum gasket and pure lead well caulked, and no paint, varnish or putty will be allowed until the joint has been tested; joints in wrought iron pipes shall be screw joints; joints in lead pipe shall be in all cases wiped; joints between lead and iron pipe shall be made by cast or drawn brass screw nipples, or with brass caulking ferrules of the full size of the iron pipe. [Vents.] Section 13. Each and every trap shall be ventilated with an air pipe. In cases where the size of the trap is two inches, or less, the vent pipe shall start not more than four inches away from the water line of the trap, except “P” traps, which may be sixteen inches; in cases of large size traps the vent pipe shall start from the vent horn, and if there is no horn, then from the lead bend, or other proper fitting. Each line of vent pipe shall be galvanized or cast iron. The branch “T” of vent pipes shall be set above the fixtures so that the vents cannot act as a waste pipe. No rubber couplings or ordinary soldering iron joints shall be used to connect vent or waste pipe. The highest water closets, when located within eighteen inches of the main soil pipe, need not be separately ventilated. All old fixtures, when connected with sewer, shall be provided with back air or vent pipes. [Vent Pipes.] Section 14. Each end every trap must be ventilated by an air pipe not less than the size of the trap used, except traps larger than two inches, such traps must be ventilated by a two inch pipe. Not more than two small fixtures can be ventilated from a one and one-fourth inch pipe, or more than four fixtures from a one and one-half inch pipe, or more than eight small fixtures on a two inch pipe, or more than four water closets. A greater number than the previously de- scribed number of fixtures may be ventilated on one vent pipe by increasing the vent pipe in proportion to accommodate the desired number of fixtures. The highest fixture on any vertical soil or waste pipe need not be vented, provided said fixture is not over three feet from the main soil or waste stack that extends full size through the roof. No horizontal vent pipe will be allowed below the top of the fixture it serves. Where possible the vent pipe connection from the fixture to the main vent must be made at least one foot above the fixture. All vent pipes must be arranged so that they will drain any condensation. [T raps.] Section 15. A battery of less than four wash trays may be served through one trap. Where less than four wash basins in barber shops or office buildings, or one sink and a one or two part wash tray in flats or apartments are located in one place one trap may be used, provided that not less than a one and one-half inch trap and vent pipe are used, and the length of the branch waste does not exceed five feet. The discharge from any fixture shall pass through no more than one trap before reaching the main drain soil or waste pipe. Whenever possible a restaurant or soda fountain bar sink shall be vented, but in case that it is not practicable to so vent the same such a fixture shall be provided with a trap with at least four inch water seal and at least four inches in diameter. Basins in barber shops shall be trapped in a similar manner, un- less an approved type of brass non-siphoning trap be used upon the house drain or house sewer. [Stacks, Traps and Soil Pipes.] Section 16. In every building connected to a sewer, cell pool or septic tank with an interior or exterior water closet at least one stack of a diameter not less than four inches, extended through the roof, shall be installed. The following table shall be used to determine the size of traps and soil and waste pipes: Where the soil or branch is 4 inches in diameter 12 closets allowed 5 inches in diameter 25 closets allowed 6 inches in diameter 60 closets allowed 7 inches in diameter 100 closets allowed 8 inches in diameter 150 closets allowed NUMBER OF CLOSETS ALLOWED [Bends.] Section 17. All sewers, soil and waste pipe shall be as direct as possible. Changes in direction of horizontal pipes shall be made with “Y” or half “Y” branch, or one-eighth bends. Off-sets shall be made with forty-five degree -bends or similar fittings. No one-fourth bends shall be used unless unavoidable. [Traps, Vent, Location.] Section 18. Cellar, basement and area drain traps are not re- ouired to be vented. Every floor drain trap shall be supplied with fresh water from the nearest flush tank or from a water closet flush pipe through a galvanized iron pipe of not less than three-eighths inches in diameter or through a brass pipe of not less than 7-16 of an inch in diameter; or with a running trap in sewer line outside of building, as owner may desire. No such trap shall be located in a main running line of the waste or soil pipe, but shall be connected thereto by “Y” branch. All such floor traps shall be kept covered by a brass or iro,n strainer. [Pipes—Height Above Roof.] iibSt,;1 si,tnt„87reirttoot°».t":astef ?ipes shan be T00t, except in ti { l i . at Ieast 18 mcl,es above the main Poses. In all such casesTheTshan el? °J root's used £or pur- and be suitably braced k Pines nn ,exte.nd seven feet above the roof feet of any wLdow shaR be carSd nn°n r°ofs’wben within fifteen the nearest window There shall be undimmished ln size above rsiTwtttron or wastes, if any° are Placed under fixtures, the safe jugs and shall not be less than °f bUild" [Refrigerator Waste.] where food*1 is1keM°shaailtbePconnec“ and shall diameter; except flushometer valves on separate*?'QVarter inches in [Wood Casings.] separate tank may be used. not be permuted EnCl°Slng °f Water closets wlth wood casings shall [Closet Vents.] shall never be properIy ventilated, “ “that can be an sewer is not available* m conv^ved?*”68 ll0Uses when Public Such cess pool shall not" hP i h d cess pocd and septic tank dwelling or factoS “ Within twenty teet f™m any [Steam and Drip Pipes.] direcSt“w0?th7the?ewerahoSeaaUrainWril0" Sba11 «»»•<* any rain water conductor Steam ?h«l? h. r‘e, °r Tent pipe’ or wltb of condensing tank with two tach vents the wT? 'nt° a bI°W-°ft which shall be connected with thP i1r. tS’ the waste or overflow of walls. nnected with the house sewer outside of the cellar [Special Fixtures] are which there arise that demand the discretion of th g atl0ns> or when conditions discretion of the Inspector of Buildings, upon said Chief of Police, after the expiration of said days will cause the same to be removed, and the expense thereof shall be a lien upon the land or lot upon which said building is situated. [Removal—Cost—Lien.] Section 3. If the owner or agent of any building after receiving the notice mentioned in Section Two shall refuse to remove or destroy the building mentioned in said notice within the time therein specified, then the Chief of Police shall cause said building to be re- moved, and shall employ sufficient men for that purpose. It shall be the duty of the Chief of Police to file with the City Recorder an itemized statement of the cost of removing said building, which state- ment shall contain the names of the persons employed by him and the amount due to each person, and said amount shall be allowed and paid as other claims against the city, and the total amount so paid out shall be noted in the docket of city liens and shall be a! lien upon the land from which said building was removed, and shall be enforced as other city liens upon real property. Section 4. It is necessary for the immediate preservation of the peace, health and safety of the City of Eugene that this Ordin- ance be in effect immediately upon its passage and approval by the Mayor, for the reason that within the fire limits of the City of Eugene there are many wooden buildings in such a state of dilapidation and decay and in such a situation and condition that they endanger other property and are a menace to the city. Passed the Council this 7th day of June, 1909. R. S. Bryson, City Recorder. Approved by the Mayor this 7th day of June, 1909. J. D. Matlock, Mayor. SEWER CONNECTIONS No. 1540. An Ordinance providing for inspection for connecting house sewers with lateral sewers. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Application—Fee—Permit.] Section 1. Any person, firm, company or corporation before connecting any house sewer with any lateral sewer in the City of Eugene, shall first apply to the Inspector of Buildings for a permit to make such connection, and before such permit shall be issued for such connection the person, firm, company or corporation applying therefor shall pay to the Inspector of Buildings the sum of 50 cents, and upon the payment thereof the permission for such connection shall at once be issued by the Inspector of Buildings. [Supervision.] Section 2. The connection of any house sewer with any lateral sewer shall be under the supervision and inspection of the Inspector of Buildings. [ Penalty.] —_—SfiCiiQn_JL—Any person, firm, company or corporation who shall connect any house sewer with any lateral sewer within the City of Eugene without first obtaining such permit shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not to exceed $50.00. Section 4. Inasmuch as many sewer connections are being made, and id is necessary to the peace, health and welfare of the City that such work be done under proper inspection and supervision, an emer- gency is hereby declared to exist, and this Ordinance shall be in full force and effect upon its passage by the Common Council and ap- proval by the Mayor. Passed the Common Council this 1st day of June, 1914. R. S. Bryson, City Recorder. Approved by the Mayor this 2d day of June, 1914. D. E. Yoran, Mayor. all Ordinances or parts of Ordinances in conflict herewith, and declar- ing an emergency. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Connections Required.] Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person, persons, firm or corporation to erect or maintain privies, water-closets, sinks, drains or cess-pools in the City of Eugene within One Hundred and Sixty feet of any street or alley upon which a sewer has or may hereafter be constructed without connecting the same with such sewer at his, their, or its own cost and expense, in. the manner and under the regu- lations prescribed by the Ordinances of the City of Eugene. [Severing Connections Unlawful.] Section 2. It shall be unlawful for any person, persons, firm or corporation to sever any sewer connections or disconnect the same in any manner without first obtaining the permission of the Council of the City of Eugene. [Use of Unconnected Closets and Drains Prohibited.] Section 3. It shall be unlawful for any person, persons, firm or corporation being in the possession of any property upon which any privy, water-closet, cess-pool, sink or drain is located and which has been or shall hereafter be connected with any sewer as provided herein, to refuse or omit to use the same; and it shall be unlawful for any person, persons, firm or corporation to use any privy, water-closet, cess-pool, sink or drain situated upon any property which shall not have been connected with a sewer as aforesaid. [Notice to Make Connection.] Section 4. It shall be the duty of the Inspector of Buildings of the City of Eugene to notify the owners of all premises in the City of Eugene within One Hundred and Sixty feet of any street or alley upon which any sewer has been or shall hereafter be constructed, and upon which any privy, water-closet, cess-pool, sink or drain shall have been constructed or is being maintained or used, to connect the same with such sewer, which such notice shall be addressed to the owner of said premises, shall describe the premises and shall notify such owner to connect such privy, water-closet, cess-pool, sink or drain with such sewer within Twenty days from the date of the service of such notice. Such notice shall be signed by the Inspector of Build- ings and shall be served upon such owner personally if a resident of the City of Eugene, or if not a resident of the City of Eugene, then, such notice shall be served upon the agent of such owner, or the per- son in possession or charge of such premises, and by mailing a copy of such notice to such owner if his address is known, or can with due diligence be ascertained, and if not known, or cannot with due dili- gence be ascertained, by addressing the said notice “General Delivery,” Eugene, Oregon, and mailing the same. [Refusal After Notice.] Section 5. It shall be unlawful for any person to refuse or neglect to so connect any privy, water-closet, cess-pool, sink or drain upon his premises after having been notified so to do as provided in Sec- tion 4 of this Ordinance. SEWER CONNECTIONS No. 1531. An Ordinance providing for the connection of sewers direct to the main trunk line sewer. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [To Maintain Trunk Sewer—Permit.] Section 1. It is hereby declared to be unlawful for any person, firm, company or corporation to connect any sewer or drain pipe direct with the main trunk sewer without first obtaining permission to make such connection from the Common Council of the City of Eugene. [Permit by Council—Fee—Supervision.] Section 2. Before any person, firm, company or corporation shall be permitted to connect any sewers direct with the main trunk line sewer, such person, firm, company or corporation shall first pay to the City of Eugene, through its Recorder, the sum of Ten ($10.00) Dollars, and apply to the Common Council for permission to so connect, and if after consideration the Council shall deem it proper that such con- nection be made, the Council shall grant such permission. Any sewer connections direct with the main trunk sewer shall be installed under the direction of such officer or committee as the Council shall direct. [Penalty.] Section 3. Any person, firm, company or corporation who shall violate this Ordinance shall be fined not to exceed $100.00. Passed the Common Council this 18th day of May, 1914. R. S. Bryson, City Recorder. Approved by the Mayor this 19th day of May, 1914. D. E. Yoran, Mayor. SEWER CONNECTIONS No. 1697. An Ordinance to compel sewer connection in the City of Eugene; compelling the use of sewers; prohibiting the severing of sewer connections; providing a penalty for the violation of this Or- dinance, and repealing Ordinance No. 266 and Ordinance No 3S7 and 19 GrARBAGrE, REFUSE and ASHES The situation in regard to these problems is not so comm- endable, The city ordinances provide for very adequate and satisfac- tory containers for the garbage, they have strict regulations in regard to refuse and ashes, and the law provides adequate penalties for failure to observe these ordinances (see appended ordinances). The only thing the city does not provide is a municipal collection and disposition for these things. The city does, however, pay a man and team to carry away the garbage three times a week from the restaurants, hotels and other establishments in the business district of the city. It is only in the business districts that the regulations .# are carried out and here it is more because of the conveniences of the establishment, rather than enforcement of the ordinances. In the rest of the city the ordinances are not enforced. The garbage is fed to the chickens, the neighbors* chickens, or thrown on the aK|s pile. The refuse and ashes accumulate until the conscience of the citizen pricks him and he calls a man and has his accumulation of rubbish hauled to tne Municipal Dump. Perhaps if his neighbor has a grudge against him he will call the police and for a time conditions will be good in that immediate vicinity, but the warning is soon forgotten and conditions soon lapse into the former state. Once during the spring of each year the city fathers get to- gether and announce a ”Clean-iJp .Veekf" which it seems is a terrible confession of poor health administration. At any during this week all citizens are urged together to gather all trash, rubbish, ashes, etc. 20 and place it in front of their houses, from whence it will be collected by city employed vehicles and carried to the city dump. This system would be a fairly satisfactory method of disposal of all refuse for a city of this size, except the garbage, if it were a quarterly event. The garbage should be taken care of by a thorough system of municipal collection. The city provides a dumping ground just outside of the city limits for the reception of all refuse. This dump is in charge of a man employed by the city who sees that all material brought is buried as thoroughly as possible in an open dump and who directs the dumping* The garbage from the business districts fattens the hogs of the farmer the city pays to haul it away. The residential garbage fattens the chickens, birds and insects of the municipality• 21 ORDINANCES THE CITY OF EUGENE [Penalty.] Section 2. It shall be unlawful for any person to lay down or construct a walk other than provided in Section 1 of this Or- dinance, and any person violating the provisions of this Ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished therefor by a fine not to exceed twenty-five dollars ($25.00) and in default of the payment of any such fine may be imprisoned in the city jail one day for each $2.00 of said fine. Section 3. That all Ordinances and parts of Ordinances in con- flict with this Ordinance be, and the same are hereby repealed. Passed the Common Council this 30th day of June, 1914. R. S. Bryson, City Recorder. Approved by the Mayor this 1st day of July, 1914. D. E. Yoran, Mayor. PRIVATE STABLE NEAR STREETS No. 87. An Ordinance to prohibit the building or maintaining of any private stable or barn within thirty feet of any street. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Restriction, Within 30 Feet of Street.] Section 1. No person or persons shall erect or maintain any private barn or stable within thirty feet of any street, within the corporate limits of the City of Eugene. [Penalty—Repeal.] Section 2. Any person or persons violating any of the provisions of this Ordinance shall he deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof before the Recorder shall be fined not less than twenty nor more than two hundred dollars, or by imprisonment not less than five nor more than ninety days; and in all cases of con- viction, the costs of the case, together with the costs of removing or abating the nuisance, shall be taxed against the defendant. All Ordinances and parts of Ordinances in conflict with the provisions of this Ordinance are hereby repealed. Passed November 11, 1889. Attest: B. F. Dorris, Recorder. Approved November 13, 1889. A. G. Hovey, Mayor. STAKING OUT ANIMALS No. 259. An Ordinance to prohibit persons from tying or staking out animals in the streets and alleys in the City of Eugene. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Prohibition Of.] Section 1. That it shall be unlawful for any person or persons to tie or stake out for the purpose of pasturing or grazing in any of the streets or alleys in the City of Eugene, any horse, cow or other animal. THE CITY OF EUGENE [Penalty.] Section 2. It shall be unlawful for any person to lay down or construct a walk other than provided in Section 1 of this Or- dinance, and any person violating the provisions of this Ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished therefor by a fine not to exceed twenty-five dollars ($25.00) and in default of the payment of any such fine may be imprisoned in the city jail one day for each $2.00 of said fine. Section 3. That all Ordinances and parts of Ordinances in con- flict with this Ordinance be, and the same are hereby repealed. Passed the Common Council this 30th day of June, 1914. R. S. Bryson, City Recorder. Approved by the Mayor this 1st day of July, 1914. D. E. Yoran, Mayor. PRIVATE STABLE NEAR STREETS No. 87. An Ordinance to prohibit the building or maintaining of any private stable or barn within thirty feet of any street. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Restriction, Within 30 Feet of Street.] Section 1. No person or persons shall erect or maintain any private barn or stable within thirty feet of any street, within the corporate limits of the City of Eugene. | Penalty—Repeal.] Section 2. Any person or persons violating any of the provisions of this Ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof before the Recorder shall be fined not less than twenty nor more than two hundred dollars, or by imprisonment not less than five nor more than ninety days; and in all cases of con- viction, the costs of the case, together with the costs of removing or abating the nuisance, shall be taxed against the defendant. All Ordinances and parts of Ordinances in conflict with the provisions of this Ordinance are hereby repealed. Passed November 11, 1889. Attest: B. F. Dorris, Recorder. Approved November 13, 1889. A. G. Hovey, Mayor. No. 259. An Ordinance to prohibit persons from tying or staking out animals in the streets and alleys in the City of Eugene. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Prohibition Of.] Section 1. That it shall be unlawful for any person or persons to tie or stake out for the purpose of pasturing or grazing in any of the streets or alleys in the City of Eugene, any horse, cow or other animal. STAKING OUT ANIMALS. GENERAL ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF EUGENE [Penalty.] Section 2. That any person violating the provisions of Section one of this Ordinance shall, upon conviction before the City Re- corder, be fined not less than two dollars nor more than ten dollars and costs, and in default of payment of said fine and costs of prosecution shall be imprisoned in the city jail one day for each two dollars of such fine and costs. Passed Pune 10, 1895. Attest: B. F. Dorris, Recorder. Approved June 13, 1895. J. D. Matlock, Mayor. visions of this Ordinance for taking up and keeping such animals then in case of horses, mules or cattle, taken up, he shall sell the same at public sale to the highest bidder, after having given notice 0l the time, place, and terms of such sale and describing such ani- mals, by advertising the same by posting three notices in three public places in said City of Eugene five days previous to such sale. Alter the lawful fees of such taking up and sale of such animal or animals, the remainder of the purchase money, if any, shall be turned into the city treasury. [Owner’s Right to Possession on Payment of Costs.] Section 4. In case the owner applies for such animals before sale takes place, he shall be entitled to the possession of the same by paying the expenses of keeping and advertising the same, and a further sum of one dollar for each head of horses, mules, or cattle- and twenty-five cents in case of sheep, goats or hogs, which shall be a fee to the Marshal, and all such animals found together shall be advertised in a single notice. And every such sale as above provided for of horses, mules and cattle shall be subject to re- demption for thirty days, provided, however, the owner of such horse or cattle shall make proof of such ownership directly to the purchaser or other person having possession of such horse or cat- tle as purchaser, by paying to such original purchaser, or subsequent purchaser, the original purchase price together with twenty per centum added and ten cents additional per day for keeping any such animal after sale and before redemption. [Costs of Taking Up.] Section 5. The Night watchman or City Marshal shall receive lor his services m taking up any horse, mule or cattle, the sum of one dollar each; for each sheep, hog or goat, if not more than three are taken up, fifty cents each; if over that number, not less than one dollar and a half; and in case more than six are taken up twenty-five cents each and the cost of feeding the same. [Penalty for Owners, to Permit.] Section 6. The owner or person having charge of any animal described in Section one of this Ordinance who shall suffer or allow the same to go at large contrary to the provisions of this Ordinance, shall, on conviction before the Recorder, be fined not to exceed twenty dollars for each offense. [Wearing Bell.] Section 7. The wearing or placing of a bell upon any animal to be worn m the night time within the city limits is hereby declared a nuisance, and the City Marshal or Night watchman is hereby authorized to remove the same, and the person placing such bell upon any animal to be worn by it within the city limits, shall, upon conviction, be fined not exceeding ten dollars. [Repeal.] Section 8. That all Ordinances or parts of Ordinances in con- flict with this Ordinance are hereby repealed. Passed February 8, 1897. Attest. B. F. Dorris, Recorder. Approved February 10, 1897. J. D. Matlock, Mayor. ANIMALS RUNNING AT LARGE No. 278. An Ordinance to prohibit horses, mules, cattle, sheep, goats and swine from running at large. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Prohibition Of.] Section 1. No horse, mule, cattle, sheep, goat or swine shall be allowed to run at large within the corporate limits of the City of Eugene. [Milk Cows—Officer’s Duty.] Section 2. Any milk cow found running at large w’thin the city limits, in violation of the provisions of the preceding Section, shall be taken into custody and safely kept within some secure in- closure, by the Nightwatchman or City Marshal. The officer taking the same in charge shall immediately notify the owner of the ani- mal that the same has been taken up for violation of the provis- ions of this Ordinance. If the owner of such animal, after one day’s notice, shall fail to pay the lawful charges for taking up and keeping the same, or if the owner cannot be ascertained, such officer shall proceed to sell the same at public sale, after first posting three notices in three public places within the city limits, setting forth the time and place of sale and describing the animal to be sold, for five days previous to such sale. After retaining his lawful fees for keeping and selling the same, he shall pay the balance, if any, into the city treasury. The officer taking up animal shall receive therefor one dollar, and fifty cents per day additional for each day he shall be compelled to keep the same. The aforesaid fee shall be paid directly to the officer taking up such animal. [Other Animals—Officer’s Duty.] Section 8. When any other animal mentioned in this Ordinance except milch cows, shall be found running at large within the city limits, the Marshal or Night Watchman shall take them up and keep them in some safe manner under proper care at an expense of not over two dollars a week per head for horses, mules and cattle, and not over one dollar per head for sheep, goats and swine. And in case the owner of such animal or animals can be ascertained, he shall immediately notify such owners that the same is in his possession for a violation of this Ordinance. If no owner can be found, or if, after notice such owner shall fail to pay the charges under the pro- GENERAL ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF EUGENE DRIVING CATTLE THROUGH STREETS CHICKENS No. 345. An Ordinance regulating the driving of cattle through the streets and alleys of the City of Eugene. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [But Ten Head Allowed at One Time.] Section 1. No person or persons shall be allowed to drive more than ten (10) head of cattle in the same band through the streets or alleys of the City of Eugene, while such cattle are being taken to or from pasture. [Owner of Animals Liable for Damages.] Section 2. The owner of any cow shall be liable in damages to the person damaged, for any and all injury caused by such cow trespassing upon private or public property within the limits of the City of Eugene. Section 3. Any person or persons violating the provisions of Section one of this Ordinance, shall, upon conviction thereof before the Recorder, be fined for each offense, not less than $2.00 or more than $5.00 and costs. Passed August 13, 1900. Attest: B. F. Dorris, Recorder. Approved August 15, 1900. T. W. Harris, Mayor. No. 305. An Ordinance to prohibit chickens and other domestic fowls from running at large in the City of Eugene. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Not to Run at Large.] Section 1. That it shall be unlawful for the owner or keeper of any chickens or any other domestic fowl or fowls to permit or allow the same to run or be at large, or to be upon or enter the premises of any other person at any time, within the corporate limits of the City of Eugene. [Penalty.] Section 2. Any person violating the provisions of Section one of this Ordinance shall, upon conviction thereof before the City Re- corder, be fined not less than $2.50 nor more than $10.00, and shall in all cases in addition to the fine prescribed, pay the costs of pros- ecution, and in default of the payment of such fine and costs, shall be confined in the city jail one day for each $2.00 of such fine and costs. Passed April 15, 1899. Attest: B. F. Dorris, Recorder. Approved April 20, 1899. T. W. Harris, Mayor. CHICKEN PARKS DRIVING CATTLE THROUGH STREETS No. 863. An Ordinance to regulate the construction of chicken parks in the City of Eugene. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Distance from Dwelling.] Section 1. That it shall be unlawful for any person to erect or maintain within the corporate limits of the City of Eugene any chicken pen or park within 30 feet of any dwelling, except his own. [Penalty.] Section 2. Any person violating the provision of Section one of this Ordinance shall, upon conviction thereof before the City Re- corder, he fined not to exceed $25.00 and costs, and in default of the payment of said fine shall be imprisoned in the city jail one day for each $2.00 thereof unpaid, and each day that the said chicken pen or park is maintained after a conviction therefor shall consti- tute a new and separate offense under this Ordinance. Passed the Council this 24th day of May, 1909. R. S. Bryson, City Recorder. Approved by the Mayor this 25th day of May, 1909. J. D. Matlock. Mayor. No. 773. An Ordinance prohibiting the driving of cattle through the streets of the City of Eugene. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Driving Loose Cattle to Pasture Prohibited.] Section 1. Every person owning or keeping any milk cow or other cattle within the City of Eugene and taking the same to and from pasture is hereby required to lead the same through the streets of Eugene, and any person driving loose through the streets of Eugene to or from pasture any such cattle, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be subject to a fine of not to exceed $10.00, and in default of the payment of any such fine shall be imprisoned in the city jail one day for each two dollars thereof. Passed August 10th, 1908. Attest: B. F. Dorris, Recorder. Approved August 11, 1908. J. D. Matlock, Mayor. GENERAL ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF EUGENE KEEPING OF STALLIONS [Owner to Remove Dead Animals—Penalty.] Section 2. The owner of any animal which may die, shall, with- in twenty-four hours after its death, remove and bury the same out- side the city limits. Any person violating any of the provisions of this section shall, on conviction before the Recorder, be fined not less than five nor more than twenty dollars. [Marshal’s Duty.] Section 3. In case any person shall fail to comply with the pro- visions of the preceding Section, and remove any dead animals be- longing to him, the City Marshal shall make such disposal of the same as the law directs, and the costs of such disposal shall be recovered of such owner by action before the Recorder with costs of suit. [Marshal to Remove Same, When.] Section 4. It shall be the duty of the Marshal to remove all dead animals at the cost of the city when the owner is unknown or refuses or fails to comply with this provision, and to prosecute all persons violating Section 2 of this Ordinance. [Throwing Rubbish in Streets and Alleys—Penalty.] Section 5. Any person who shall throw into any street, alley, or upon any sidewalk, or into any ditch, drain, or slough, any manure, straw, or rubbish of any kind, or any unsound or putrid, or unwhole- some substance whatever, shall, upon conviction before the Recorder, be fined not less than five nor more than twenty dollars. [Cesspools, Etc.—Penalty.] Section 6. The owner or occupant of any premises on which shall exist any privy, vault, cesspool, or drain, which shall be in such condition as to emit a noisome and offensive smell, or which shall be deemed by the Marshal, or other officer appointed guardian of the health of the city, as prejudicial to the general health, shall, upon notice given by such officer, abate such nuisance immediately; and in addition to the general fine imposed for violation of this Section, shall suffer an additional penalty of five dollars per day for each day of unnecessary delay in compliance with the notice of the Mar- shal or Health Officer to abate such nuisance. On conviction for a violation of this section, shall be fined not less than five nor more than twenty dollars. [Filth on Sidewalks, Streets, Etc.—Penalty.] Section 7. No person shall commit any nuisance on any bridge, sidewalk, street, alley, or public walk, or near or in any public build- ing within the city. No person shall allow the contents, filth, or poisonous substance from any sink, sewer, cesspool, or drain to flow out upon any street, sidewalk, or under any sidewalk, or into any alley, or upon/ any lot or grounds adjoining his or her premises. Any person violating any of the provisions of this Section shall, on con- viction before the Recorder, be fined not less than five nor more than twenty dollars. [Marshal to Report Same—Notice of—Enforce Penalties.] Section 8. The Marshal shall report to the City Council all cases of nuisance as described in Section 7 of this title. He shall promptly examine every such case reported to him, and shall have the right to enter any premises where he may have reason to believe such No. 843. An Ordinance prohibiting the keeping of stallions for breeding purposes in certain parts of the City of Eugene. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Prohibited in City Limits—Exception.] Section 1. Hereafter it shall be unlawful for any person, either as owner, agent or employee, to keep or maintain, for breeding pur- poses, any stallion within the corporate limits of the City of Eu- gene, except at the Lane County Agricultural Society Grounds. [Penalty.] Section 2. Any person who shall violate the provisions of this Ordinance, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten nor more than one hundred dollars or by imprison- ment in the city jail not to exceed twenty days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Section 3. The keeping of stallions within the City of Eugene for breeding purposes has been and now is an annoyance and a nuisance to the inhabitants of the city and against the public peace. Therefore an emergency is hereby declared to exist and this Or- dinance shall be in effect upon its passage and approval by the Mayor, for it is necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health and safety that this Ordinance should be in effect upon its passage and approval as aforesaid. Passed the Common Council this 15th day of April, 1909. R. S. Bryson, City Recoider. Approved this 15th day of April, 1909. J. D. Matlock, Mayor. NUISANCE No. 106. An Ordinance to provide for the prevention and removal of nuisances and to punish those who allow them. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Offensive Odors—Penalty.] Section 1. No person shall, within the corporate limits of the City of Eugene, erect, or maintain, or cause to be erected, or main- tained, any nuisance, or suffer the same to remain, or be maintained on any premises over which he has control, either as landlord, agent or tenant. And it is hereby declared to be a nuisance for the owner or occupant of any premises within said city to keep or maintain, or permit to remain, on any premises within said city anything that shall be in such condition as to emit a noisome and offensive smell, or which shall be deemed by the Marshal or Health Officer, of the City of Eugene, as prejudicial to the general health of the city. And such owner or occupant shall, upon notice given by such officer, abate such nuisance immediately, and in addition to the general fine imposed for violation of this Section, shall suffer an additional pen- alty of five ($5.00) dollars per day for each day of unnecessary delay in compliance with the notice herein provided for to abate nuisance. (Ord. No. 1309. P. May 28; Ap. May 29, 1913.) GENERAL ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF EUGENE nuisance exists, and shall give immediate notice to the occupant or owner of premises where such may be found, to abate the same. He shall strictly prosecute all cases of nuisances whatsoever that may come to his knowledge and enforce the penalties adjudged. He shall remove all nuisances at the cost of the city, in case of inability to otherwise compel the removel or abatement of the same, and shall bring his account for so doing before the City Council, who shall allow reasonable remuneration for services rendered by him. [Groceries and Merchandise on Sidewalk—Penalty.] Section 9. That any person who shall place or expose to sale any vegetables, furniture, boxes, fowls, goods, wares, merchandise of any description, or other obstruction on or over the sidewalk, shall, upon conviction before the Recorder, be fined not less than five nor more than twenty-five dollars. Nothing in the above shall be deemed to apply to persons receiving or discharging goods across the sidewalk, provided due diligence is used in removing the same. [Slaughtering in City Limits—Penalty.] Section 10. No butcher or other person shall kill or slaughter within the city limits any animal or animals, the flesh of which is intended to be sold or offered for sale; and no person shall keep in any yard, pen, corral, or enclosure within the city limits any beeves, sheep, swine or other animals to be slaughtered. Any person vio- lating any of the provisions of this Section shall, on conviction before the Recorder, be fined not less than five nor more than twenty dollars. [Noisome Accumulations in or About Premises—Penalty.] Section 11. No person or persons shall permit or suffer to accu- mulate in or upon any yard, lot, place or premises, or upon any street or sidewalk adjacent to or abutting upon any lot, block, place, or premises owned or occupied by him or them, or for which he or they may be agent or agents within the city limits, any stag- nant or impure water, refuse vegetables, decayed or decaying sub- stances, garbage, or filth of any kind, nor suffer such yard, lot, place or premises to be or to remain in such condition as to cause or cre- ate a noisome or offensive smell or atmosphere, or thereby to become, cause, or create a public nuisance; provided, that no person shall be prosecuted for a violation of this Section unless such violation shall continue for twenty-four hours after he or they shall have received the notice provided in Section 6 of this Ordinance. Any person vio- lating the provisions of this Section shall, on conviction before the Recorder, be fined not less than five nor more than two hundred dollars. [Slaughter-houses.] Section 12. No person or persons shall keep, maintain, or run a slaughter-house within the corporate limits of the City of Eugene. Any person violating any of the provisions of this Section shall, on conviction before the Recorder, be fined not less than five nor more than twenty dollars. [Stall-fed Animals in City—Penalty.] Section 13. It shall be unlawful for any person or persons within the corporate limits of the City of Eugene to stall-feed or feed in any manner for the purpose of fattening the same, any cattle, sheep, or hogs in such a manner as to create a noisome or offensive smell, cr so as to vex or annoy anyone living in the vicinity of the place where said cattle, sheep, or hogs may be stall-fed or kept for the purpose of so fattening the same, or so as to vex or annoy the pub- lic in passing along the street in the vicinity where said cattle, sheep or hogs may be so stall-fed or kept for the purpose of being fattened. Any person or persons who shall violate any of the provisions of this Section shall, on conviction before the Recorder, be fined not less than fifty nor more than two hundred dollars for each offense, or be imprisoned in the city jail not less than twenty-five nor more than one hundred days. [Repeal.] That Title 2, of Chapter 4, of Ordinance No. 1, entitled “An Ordinance to provide a Code of City Laws and Ordinances and to repeal all Ordinances and parts of Ordinances in conflict with this Ordinance,” which said Ordinance passed the Council March 14, 1883, and all other Ordinances and parts of Ordinances in conflict with the provisions of this Ordinance are hereby repealed. Passed December 23, 1889. Attest: B. F. Dorris, Recorder. Approved January 2, 1890. A. G. Hovey, Mayor. RUBBISH No. 178. An Ordinance to prevent persons throwing trash, filth, garbage, brush, tin cans, or any obstruction on vacant lots or grounds within the corporate limits of the City of Eugene. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Throwing Rubbish on Vacant Grounds.] Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person or persons to dump or throw any trash, filth, garbage, brush, tin cans, or any ob- struction on any vacant lot, or lots, or grounds within the corporate limits of the City of Eugene. [Penalty.] Section 2. Any person or persons violating the provisions of this Ordinance shall, upon conviction thereof before the City Recorder of said City of Eugene, be fined in a sum not less than five nor more than twenty-five dollars. Section 3. This Ordinance shall be in force and effect from and after its approval by the Mayor. Passed September 14, 1891. Attest: B. F. Dorris, Recorder. Approved September 15, 1891. J. H. McClung, Mayor. GENERAL ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF EUGENE No. 212. An Ordinance to prevent the discharge of sewage and other deleterious matter in the mill race of the City of Eugeno. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Decaying or Refuse Matter of any Kind.] Section 1. That it shall be unlawful for any person, corporation or company to put into the mill race in the City of Eugene any dead animal or fowl, or to discharge or empty into said mill race in said City of Eugene, any filth, manure, sewage, deleterious, or refuse matter of any kind. [Penalty.] Section 2. Any person, corporation, or company guilty of vio- lating the provisions of Section one of this Ordinance shall, upon conviction before the City Recorder, be fined not less than five dollars nor more than twenty dollars for the first offense, and not less than fifteen nor more than fifty dollars for each subsequent offense. Passed May 8, 1893. Attest: B. F. Dorris, Recorder. Approved May 9, 1893. S. H. Friendly, Mayor. SEWAGE IN MILL RACE No. 888. An Ordinance declaring it a nuisance to permit trash, filth, garbage, brush, tin cans, empty boxes or decayed or charred or partially burned lumber or timbers to remain on vacant lots within the City of Eugene, providing a penalty therefor and provid- ing for the removal of the same. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Rubbish on Vacant Grounds.] Section 1. It shall be unlawful and constitute a nuisance for the owner or agent of the owner of any vacant lot, lots or grounds within the corporate limits of the City of Eugene, to keep thereon or to permit to remain thereon, any trash, filth, garbage, brush, tin cans, empty boxes or decayed or charred or partially burned lumber or timber. [Notice to Remove.] Section 2. It shall be the duty of the Chief of Police to give a written notice to the owner or agent of the owner of any such lot to remove therefrom any such trash, filth, garbage, brush, tin cans, empty boxes or decayed or charred or partially burned lumber or timber. [Failure to Comply—Penalty.] Section 3. If said owner or agent of any such lot fails to com- ply with said notice for a period of five days from the receipt there- of, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof before the City Recorder shall be fined not to exceed $10.00, and in default of the payment of said fine shall be imprisoned in the city jail one day for each two dollars thereof, and shall pay the costs of the prosecution of the action. [Police May Remove—Lien for Cost.] Section 4. The Chief of Police is hereby authorized to re- move from any such lot, provided the owner or agent thereof fails so to do after receiving said notice, any such trash, filth, garbage, brush, tin cans, empty boxes or decayed or charred or partially burned lumber or timber, and the cost of the removal of the same shall be reported to the Common Council and the Common Council shall determine by resolution whether said cost is correct, and may declare the same to be a lien upon the real property from which said trash, filth, garbage, brush, tin cans, empty boxes or decayed or charred or partially burned lumber or timber, was removed, to be enforced as other city liens against real property. Section 5. Inasmuch as there are at present many lots and places in Eugene upon which there is trash, filth, garbage, brush, tin cans, empty boxes or decayed or charred or partially burned lumber or timber which constitute a nuisance to the inhabitants of Eugene, it is necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health and safety that this Ordinance be in effect upon its passage and approval by the Mayor, and it shall be in effect upon its passage and approval by the Mayor. Passed this 18th day of June, 1909. R. S. Bryson, City Recorder. Approved this 18th day of June, 1909. J. D. Matlock, Mayor. RUBBISH. OBSTEJJCTION TO SEWERS No. 390. An Ordinance to regulate the use of sewers and to punish violations thereof. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Persons Using Sewers Must Provide Ample Supply of Water.] Section 1. No person shall use any of the sewer connections in the City of Eugene without providing or using an adequate supply of water properly connected to keep the said connections and sewer open and free for the passage of sewerage. [Obstructions Must Not be Placed in Closet Basin.] Section 2. No person shall deposit in the closet basin of any sewer connection any rags, dirt, sticks, stones, glass, or other solid matter, or any substance having a strong fiber, or any indissoluble, tenacious or gummy substance. [Penalty.] Section 3. Any person violating any of the provisions of this Ordinance, upon conviction thereof before the City Recorder, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished by a fine cf not less than $5.00 nor more than $50.00 and in default of the payment of the said fine and costs of action shall be imprisoned in the city jail one day for each two dollars of the said fine and costs. Passed December 9, 1901. Attest: B. F. Dorris, Recorder. Approved December 11, 1901. G. R. Chrisman, Mayor. GENERAL ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF EUGENE SLOP AND REFUSE (2) Privies, vaults, cess-pools, pits, or like places, which are not securely protected from flies; (3) Garbage, in any quantity which is not securely pro- tected from flies; (4) Trash, litter, rags or anything whatsoever in which flies may breed or multiply. It shall also be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to permit any water or pond to stand upon their premises upon which mosquitos may be bred, but such water shall be either drained or removed, or sufficient oil shall be placed thereon to pre- vent such mosquitos from breeding or multiplying on said pond. [Police to Notify Offender.] Section 2. It shall be the duty of the Chief of Police or Health Officer, upon learning in any way whatsoever of the exist- ance of one or more of the unlawful conditions described in Section cne of this Ordinance, to notify the offender in writing upon order blanks provided by the City Recorder, to remove or abate said unlawful condition, stating the shortest reasonable time for such removal or abatement. [Penalty.] Section 3. Any person, firm, company or corporation found guilty of having created or suffered to exist on premises either owned or leased by them, any one or more of the unlawful con- ditions named in Section one of this Ordinance, or shall refuse to abate such nuisance when notified as herein provided, shall be punished by a fine of not to exceed twenty ($20) dollars. Section 4. Whereas, There are many places within the City of Eugene where filth, filth poison, and places where disease germs are born, an emergency is therefore declared to exist and it is therefore declared to be for the immediate preservation of th peace, health and safety of the City of Eugene that this Or- dinance become effective upon its passage by the Common Council and approval by the Mayor. Passed the Common Council this 13th day of May, 1913. R. S. Bryson, City Recorder. Approved by the Mayor this 14th day of May, 1913. D. E. Yoran, Mayor. No. 904. An Ordinance regulating the keeping of slop and refuse matter within the City of Eugene by the keepers of hotels and restaurants. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Hotels and Restaurants, Metal Receptacles.] Section 1. Any person conducting or managing either as own- er or employee, any hotel or restaurant within the City of Eugene, shall provide a metal receptacle for all the slop, swill or refuse, animal or vegetable matter that may come from said hotel, and such receptacle shall be tightly closed with a close fitting metal top except when being filled or emptied. [Penalty.] Section 2. Any person mentioned in Section one who shall keep or maintain or deposit within the City of Eugene any slop, swill or refuse, animal or vegetable matter from any such restaur- ant or hotel otherwise than in the manner specified in Section one, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished by a fine of not less than $5.00 nor more than $20.00, or in default of payment of such fine may be imprisoned in the city jail one day for each $2.00 thereof, and each day that any person, after being convicted under this Ordinance shall keep or maintain any slop, swill or refuse, animal or vegetable matter contrary to the pro- visions of Section one, shall constitute a separate offense. Section 3. For the reason that at present the hotels and res- taurants of the city are storing their refuse matter in a careless manner to the great detriment of the health and comfort of the citizens, it is necessary for the immediate preservation of the peace, health and safety of the people of the City of Eugene that this Ordinance be in effect upon its passage and approval by the Mayor and it shall be. Passed the Council this 26th day of July, 1909. R. S. Bryson, City Recorder. Approved by the Mayor this 26th day of July, 1909. J. D. Matlock, Mayor. FLIES AND FILTH O. & C. R. R. FRANCHISE No. 1306. An Ordinance for the abatement of filth, filth poison, and disease germs, and places where disease germs are born. Be it Ordained by the Common Council of the City of Eugene: [Unsanitary Conditions Prohibited.] Section 1. That it shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to suffer or permit or have upon their premises, whether owned or leased by them, any one or more of the following un- sanitary fly-producing, disease-causing conditions, to-wit: (1) Animal manure in any quantity which is not securely pro- tected from flies; Chapter IX, Title IV, Printed Laws of 1893. Section 1. That the right of way is hereby granted to the Oregon and California Railroad Company, of Portland, Oregon, to locate, build and operate their railroad upon and along any of the streets, alleys and public grounds of Eugene City, excepting Eighth, Ninth and Willamette streets; providing always, that nothing here- in contained shall be construed in any way to grant the right to said company to appropriate more than twenty feet in width in the center of the street or streets on which they may decide to con- struct and operate their said road; and further provided, that said company shall, at all street crossings, across their said road, plank 22 VITAL STATISTICS Oregon has only been in the registration area since 1918, accordingly no figures are available prior to that date. It is difficult to ascertain the thoroughness of reporting the different diseases. The City Health Officer reports they are well and care- fully reported. Other physicians have different opinions. The deaths of necessity are reported, while the morbidity figures are probably not complete. Crude Death Hate Eugene Oregon Massachusetts 1918 15.72 11.76 20.2 1919 17.44 11.49 14.2 1920 20.20 11.72 13.9 1921 18.41 10.45 11.3 1922 20.07 11.58 23 It will be seen from these figures that Eugene’s death rate is higher both than that of Oregon at large and of Massachusetts. While that of Oregon is less than that of Massachusetts. The high death rate of Eugene is probably explicable by the fact that it is one of the few towns in the county with hospital facilities and accordingly a number of out of two cases are brought to Eugene to die and. the deaths are reported from there, while in reality they belong perhaps to some neighboring village or community. Birth Hate Eugene Oregon 1918 18.68 17.47 1919 19.07 17.64 1920 23.22 19.08 1921 24.37 19.57 1922 25.57 18.45 This upward trend in the birth rate is probably due to a better reporting of Vital Statistics rather than to the population becoming more prolific. Infant Mortality Eugene Oregon Mass. 1918 78.6 68.2 113.2 1919 70.3 61.2 88.5 1920 85.7 59.5 83.2 1921 64.9 51.5 75.2 1922 72.14 • • • • • • • • 24 Graphic Comparison of Infant Mortality Hates of Eugene, Oregon and Massachusetts• 25 The comparison of Eugene and Oregon to Massachusetts is quite favorable. Why Eugene’s rate should be consistently higher than that of Oregon at large is difficult to understand. Still it is not excessively high. Specific Death Hate from Tuberculosis Eugene Oregon Massachusetts 1918 68.1 85.3 132.5 1919 105.4 87.6 108.0 1920 132.2 85.5 94.7 1921 139.5 • • • • 84.2 1922 91.7 • • t • The figures for Eugene appear high while those of the state are favorably low. However, in such a small city with such a few number of total deaths, it is not fair to draw conclusions for a single year 100, because one death increases the rate per thousand figures by about 10. 26 Specific Death Hate for Typhoid. Eugene Oregon Massachusetts 1918 9.7 9.6 4.1 1919 19.2 5 2.7 1920 9.5 4.6 2.4 1921 18.6 • • • 3.0 1922 18.3 • • • The figures speak for themselves. Here again it is a case of one death causing a marked rise in the death rate which gives a distroted figure. The regrettable thing about the figures is that there are any deaths when a plan of universal inoccul&tion would bring the death rate to practically zero. Graphic Comparison of Specific Death Hates for Typhoid of Hugene, Oregon and Massachusetts. 28 Specific Death Eate for Measles. 1918 0 7.9 13.6 1919 0 • 4 9.0 1920 9.5 3.8 9.0 1921 0 • • 9.0 1922 0 • • * * Eugene has had one death from measles in the last five years, which in itself is insignificant. It is noted the rate for the state at large is lower than than for Massachusetts. Graphic Comparison of Eates for Measles of Eugene, Oregon and Massachusetts. 30 Specific Death Hate for Scarlet Fever. Eugene Oregon Mass. 1918 0 2.4 2.0 1919 0 3.1 3.7 1920 9.5 1.8 5.5 1921 0 • » • 1.4 1922 9.2 • • • Eugene has had two scarlet fever deaths in the last fire years, which gives it an apparently high death rate. This means nothing. The rate for the state at large is slightly under that of Massachusetts. Revised United States Standard Certificate of Death J.Approved by U. S. Census and American Health Assn.) anition,” “Marasmus,” “Old age,” “Shock,” “Uremia,” “Weakness,” etc., when a definite disease can be ascertained as the cause. Always qualify all dis- eases resulting from childbirth or miscarriage, as “Puerperal septicemia,” “Puerperal peritonitis,” etc. State cause for which surgical operation was undertaken. For violent deaths state means of injury and qualify as accidental, suicidal, or homicidal, or as probably stick, if impossible to de- termine definitely. Examples: Accidental drown- ing; Struck by railway train—accident; Revolver wound of head—-homicide; Poisoned by carbolic add —probably suicide. The nature of the injury, as fracture of skull, and consequences (e. g., sepsis, tetanus) may be stated under the head of “Contribu- tory.” (Recommendations on statement of cause of death approved by Committee on Nomenclature of the American Medical Association.) Statement of occupation.—Precise statement of oc- cupation is very important, so that the relative healthfulness of various pursuits can be known. The question applies to each and every person, irrespec- tive of age. For many occupations a single word or term on the first line will be sufficient, e. g., Farmer or Planter, Physician, Compositor, Architect, Loco- motive engineer, Civil engineer, Stationary fireman, etc. But in many cases, especially in industrial em- ployments, it is necessary to know (a) the kind of work and also (6) the nature of the business or indus- try, and therefore an additional line is provided for the latter statement; it should be used only when needed. As examples: (a) Spinner, (6) Cotton mill; (a) Salesman, (6) Grocery; (a) Foreman, (6) Automobile factory. The material worked on may form part of the second statement. Never return “Laborer,” “Foreman,” “Manager,” “Dealer,” etc., without more precise specification, as Day laborer, Farm laborer, Laborer—Coal mine, etc. Women at home, who are engaged in the duties of the household only (not paid Housekeepers who receive a definite salary), may be entered as Housewife, Housework, or At home, and children, not gainfully employed, as At school or At home. Care should be taken to report specifically the occupations of per- sons engaged in domestic services for wages, as Ser- vant, Cook, Housemaid, etc. If the occupation has been changed or given up on account of the disease causing death, state occupation at beginning of ill- ness. If retired from business, that fact may be indicated thus: Farmer (retired 6 yrs.) For per- sons who have no occupation whatever, write None. Statement of cause of death.—Name, first, the dis- ease causing death (the primary affection with respect to time and causation), using always the same accepted term for the same disease. Examples: Cerebrospinal fever (the only definite synonym is “Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis”); Diphtheria (avoid use of “Croup”); Typhoid fever (never report “Typhoid pneumonia”) Lobar pneumonia; Broncho- pneumonia (“Pneumonia,” unqualified, is indefinite); Tuberculosis of lungs, meninges, peritoneum, etc., Carcinoma, Sarcoma, etc., of (name origin; “Cancer” is less definite; avoid use of “Tumor” for malignant neoplasms); Measles; Whooping cough; Chronic valvular heart disease; Chronic interstital nephritis, etc. The contributory (secondary or inter- current) affection need not be stated unless impor- tant. Example: Measles (disease causing death), 29 days; Bronchopneumonia (secondary), 10 day8. Never report mere symptoms of terminal conditions, such as “Asthenia,” “Anemia” (merely symptomatic), “Atrophy,” “Collapse,” “Coma,” “Convulsions,” “De- bility,” (“Congenital,” “Senile,” etc.), “Dropsy,” “Exhaustion,” “Heart failure,” “Hemorrhage,” “In- ADDITIONAL SPACE FOB FURTHER STATEMENTS BY PHYSICIAN. Vi LV MARGIN RESERVED FOR BINDING V4 ip N. B.—WRITE PLAINLY, WITH UNFADING INK—THIS IS A PERMANENT RECORD. Every item of informa- tion should be carefully supplied. AGE should be stated EXACTLY. PHYSICIANS should state CAUSE OF DEATH iu plain terms, so that it may be properly classified. Exact statement of OCCUPATION is very important. See instructions on back of certificate. OREGON STATE BOARD OF HEALTH CERTIFICATE OF DEATH 1 PLACE OF DEATH State Registered No... County State- Local Registered No.- Township... or Village. or City- .. No. (If death occurred in a hospital or institution, give its name instead of street and number) St. .Ward 2 FULL NAME. (a) Residence. No. (Usual place of abode) .St., (If nonresident, give city or town and state) Length of residence in city or town where death opcurred yrs. mos. ds. How long in U. S., if of foreign birth ? yrs. mos. ds. PERSONAL AND STATISTICAL PARTICULARS 4 COLOR OR RACE 6 Single, Married, Widowed or Divorced (write the word) CORONER’S CERTIFICATE OF DEATH 3 SEX 16 DATE OF DEATH (month, day, and year) 19 5a If married, widowed, or divorced HUSBAND of (or) WIFE of 17 I HEREBY CERTIFY, That I took charge of the remains described above, held an ... — thereon and from the evidence obtained by said .. (Inquest, Autopsy or Inquiry) 6 DATE OF BIRTH (month, day, and year) 7 AGE Years Months Days If leB8 than 1 day, hrs. or.. min. find that said deceased came to (Inquest, Autopsy or Inquiry) death on the day stated above. 8 OCCUPATION OF DECEASED The CAUSE OF DEATH* was as follows.. (a) Trade, profession, or- particular kind of work..... (b) General nature of industry, business, or establishment in which employed (or employer) — CONTRIBUTORY (Secondary) ...(duration) yrs., .. mos., days. (c). Name of employer.... (duration) days. 9 BIRTHPLACE (city or town) (State or country) 18 (Signed) yrs., mos.. ., M. D. 10 NAME OF FATHER (Examining physician) PARENTS 11 BIRTHPLACE OF FATHER (city or town) (State or country) (Address). (Coroner) 12 MAIDEN NAME OF MOTHER * State the Disease Causing Death, or in deaths from Violent Causes, state (1) Means and Nature of Injury, and (2) whether Accidental, Suicidal, or Homicidal. (See reverse side for additional space.) 19. 13 BIRTHPLACE OF MOTHER (city or town) (State or country) 14 Informant (Address) 19 PLACE OF BURIAL, CREMATION OR REMOVAL DATE OF BURIAL 20 UNDERTAKER ADDRESS 16 Filed.. 19.. Registrar OREGON STATE BOARD OF HEALTH Permit for Burial or Removal OREGON STATE BOARD OF HEALTH No. Permit for Burial or Removal Stub to be retained by officer issuing permit. No.. County Town Date of Death 19. Issued to Decedent’s full name Age- Address Disease causing death Date of issuance Medical attendant Proposed date of burial Name of deceased Proposed place of burial 19. Undertaker Address Disease causing death A Certificate of Death having been filed in my office in accordance with law, I hereby authorize the burial of the body of said deceased person as stated above. In the case of death from a dangerous communicable disease, the burial must be conducted according to the rules of the State Board of Health. This permit to be delivered to person in charge of cemetery. If there is no person in charge, then to the local registrar within whose district the burial takes place. Date of death Place of death . (Registrar) Proposed place of burial (Address) Name of Registrar (Town) Dated, 19 Record No. Page. mtarriag? (Eprttfiralp TO Filed and Recorded 19. County Clerk By Deputy MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE STATE OF OREGON COUNTY OF LANE ss. THIS IS TO CERTIFY, That the undersigned, a . . by authority of a license bearing date the day of A. D. 19.. and issued by the County Clerk of the County of Lane, did on the .day of , A. D. 19. ., at the house of . in the County and State aforesaid, join in lawful wedlock of the County of and State of . and of the County of Lane and State of Oregon, with their mutual consent. In the presence of !> Witnesses. N. B.—The officiating officer must, within thirty days from the date of performing the ceremony, return a certificate of marriage to the County Clerk, issuing the license and a certificate of marriage to the County Clerk of the County in which the ceremony is performed. PRIVATE RECORD °f NV 10 REPORTED VENEREAL CASES State Board of Health. Secured for benefit of U. S. Public Health Service. STATE OF OREGON VENEREAL DISEASE REPORT (Original) Please Check (V) Items followed by [ Date. .192. Physician’s Case No. -Sex- Age Physician’s Case No.. ... Sex. M F Age.. Yrs. Mos. Name of Patient- Address of Patient Nature of infection: SYPHILIS Primary Secondary Tertiary? GONORRHOEA \ Acute Subacute L Chronic CHANCROID Nature of Infection: Gonorrhoea- Syphilis. Chancroid- Probable date of infection- -Approx, no. of exposures. Probable date of infection How soon after infection was treatment begun?. Severity. ...Source of infection. Severity Laboratory findings: Wassermann. Slide- Laboratory findings: Wassermann ( At home | Boarding house Hotel Hospital Institution Slide. ' Clandestine | Commercial { Accidental | Congenital ( Husband or wife Living where? Living: Source of Infection: Occupation -Marital condition Other known cases from same source- If clandestine or commercial, give name and address of same.... f Married { Single . (. Divorced Occupation- Marital Condition i Separated Widowed City or town. Date treatment was begun. -County Race- Nationality Citizenship: Not 1st paper 2nd paper citizen treatments on dates inserted below: -Gave further Schooling: Grade reached. Date- Date Other known cases from same source Present treatment under physician’s instructions- Is patient inconsistent in treatment and in protecting others? If so give name and address... and send report at once. City or town- (Signed) -M. D. County- THE IVY PRESS, PORTLAND Address. DISEASES REPORTABLE BY LAW STATE OF OREGON, County of .. p. 6. (Date). , 192. TO THE OREGON STATE BOARD OF HEALTH: I have to report a case of occurring in (Name of patient) , age. , sex. Residence (If in country, give distance and direction from nearest town) attending . School (if a child). The case has been . quarantined. The infection came from Number believed to be exposed.. (In family) (In school) (Others) (Signed) , M. D. Send this to your Health Officer. (over) Diseases Reportable By Law GROUP 1.—COMMON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Tuberculosis Typhoid fever Diphtheria Scarlet fever Smallpox Whooping cough Poliomyelitis Cerebro spinal meningitis (epidemic) Measles German measles Chicken pox Mumps Septic sore throat Erysipelas Trachoma Ophthalmia neonatorum Dysentery (epidemic entrocolitis) Pneumonia Favus Purpura septicaemia Impetigo contagiosa Scabies (itch) Influenza ♦Syphilis ♦Gonorrhoea ♦Report by number of doctor’s patient only. GROUP 2.—THE LESS COMMON COMMUNI- CABLE DISEASES Pellagra Anthrax Glanders Tetanus Rabies Actinomycosis Echinococcus Trichinosis Rocky Mountain spotted fever Malaria GROUP 3.—IMPORTED COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Yellow fever Malaria Plague Leprosy Beri beri Dengue Hook worm Asiatic cholera Dysentery (amebic and specific bacillary) Paragonimiasis Typhus Schistosoma Relapsing fever GROUP 4.—OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES (Also reportable by law) Poisoning by— Arsenic Brass Lead Mercury Silver Carbon disulphide Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Cyanide Dintro benzine Fuel gas Naphtha Wood alcohol and any others MARRIAGE LICENSE STATE OF OREGON COUNTY OF LANE -ss. TO THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF OREGON: To any Person Authorized to Solemnize Marriages, Greeting: It appearing to the satisfaction of the Clerk of Lane County, State of Oregon, by the affidavit of , a resident of now on file in my office, in accordance with the provisions of an Act of the Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon, entitled “An Act to Regulate Marriages,” approved October 15, 1862, that there is no legal impediment to the solemnization of Marriage between of Lane County, State of Oregon, and. of .County, State of You are hereby authorized to solemnize said marriage and join together said persons as Husband and Wife and, certify your proceedings herein to this office within thirty days as required by law. In Testimony Whereof, I have hereunto signed my name and affixed the seal of the County Court of said County, this .day of. 19. County Clerk. By. Deputy. MARGIN RESERVED FOR BINDING N. B.—WRITE PLAINLY, WITH UNFADING INK—THIS IS A PERMANENT RECORD. Every item of informa- tion should be carefully supplied. AGE should be stated EXACTLY. PHYSICIANS should state CAUSE OF DEATH in plain terms, so that it may be properly classified. Exact statement of OCCUPATION is very important. See instructions on back of certificate. OREGON STATE BOARD OF HEALTH CERTIFICATE OF DEATH 1 PLACE OF DEATH State Registered No.- County State.. Village.. Local Registered No. Township. City. No. or St. ..Ward or (If death occurred in a hospital or institution, give its name instead of street and number) 2 FULL NAME.. No. (a) Residence. (Usual place of abode) .St., (If nonresident/^give city onjtown and state) Length of residence in city or town where death occurred yrs. mos. ds. How long irf-U. S., if of foreign ufrth ? yrs. mos. ds. PERSONAL AND STATISTICAL PARTICULARS MEDICAL CERTIFICATE OF DEATH 3 SEX 4 COLOR OR RACE 6 Single, Married, "Widowed, or Divorced (write the word) 16 DATE OF DEATH (month, day, and year) 17 I HEREBY CERTIFY, That I attended deceased from... that I last 6a If married, widowed, or divorced HUSBAND of (or) WIFE of saw 19. to. 19?. and that death 6 DATE OF BIRTH (month, day, and year) occurred on the date stated above, at. The CAUSE OF DEATH* was as follows :.. 7 AGE Years Months Days If less than 1 day,—hrs. or min. 8 OCCUPATION OF DECEASED (a) Trade, profession, or particular kind of work— .(duration) yrs., mos., days. (b) General nature of industry, * business, or establishment in which employed (or employer) — CONTRIBUTORY (Secondary) (c) Name of employer.. 18 Where was disease contracted if not at place of death? ..(duration) yrs., . mcs.. . days. 9 BIRTHPLACE (city or town).. (State or country) Did an operation precede death?. Date of.. 10 NAME OF FATHER Was there an autopsy?. PARENTS 11 BIRTHPLACE OF FATHER v(city or town). (State or country) ( -y^ What test confirmed diagnosis?. (Signed) M. D. (Address).. 12 MAIDEN NAME OF MOTHER - * State the Disease Causing Death, or in deaths from Violent Caflses, state (1) Means and Nature of Injury, and (2) whether Suicidal, or Homicidal. (See reverse side for additional spaced 13 BIRTHPLACE OF MOTHER (city or town) (State or country) (j 19 PLACE OF BURIAL, CREMATION OR REMOVAL DATE OF BURIAL 14 Informant (Address) 19 20 UNDERTAKER ADDRESS 16 Filed Registrar Revised United States Standard Certificate of Death (Approved by U. S. Census and American Health Assn.) anition,” “Marasmus,” “Old age,” “Shock,” “Uremia,” “Weakness,” etc., when a definite disease can be ascertained as the cause. Always qualify all dis- eases resulting from childbirth or miscarriage, as “Puerperal septicemia,” “Puerperal peritonitis," etc. State cause for which surgical operation was undertaken. For violent deaths state means of injury and qualify as accidental, suicidal, or homicidal, or as probably such, if impossible to de- termine definitely. Examples: Accidental drown- ing; Struck by railway train—accident; Revolver wound of head—homicide; Poisoned by carbolic acid —probably suicide. The nature of the injury, as fracture of skull, and consequences (e. g., sepsis. tetanus) may be stated under the head of “Contribu- tory.” (Recommendations on statement of cause of death approved by Committee on Nomenclature of the American Medical Association.) Statement of occupation.—Precise statement of oc- cupation is very important, so that the relative healthfulness of various pursuits can be known. The question applies to each and every person, irrespec- tive of age. For many occupations a single word or term on the first line will be sufficient, e. g., Farmer or Planter, Physician, Compositor, Architect, Loco- motive engineer, Civil engineer, Stationary fireman, etc. But in many cases, especially in industrial em- ployments, it is necessary to know (a) the kind of work and also (6) the nature of the business or indus- try, and therefore an additional line is provided for the latter statement; it should be used only when needed. As examples: (a) Spinner, (b) Cotton mill; (a) Salesman, (6) Grocery; (a) Foreman, (6) Automobile factory. The material worked on may form part of the second statement. Never return “Laborer,” “Foreman,” “Manager,” “Dealer,” etc., without more precise specification, as Day laborer, Farm laborer, Laborer—Coal mine, etc. Women at home, who are engaged in the duties of the household only (not paid Housekeepers who receive a definite salary), may be entered as Housewife, Housework, or At home, and children, not gainfully employed, as At school or At home. Care should be taken to report specifically the occupations of per- sons engaged in domestic services for wages, as Ser- vant, Cook, Housemaid, etc. If the occupation has been changed or given up on account of the disease causing death, state occupation at beginning of ill- ness. If retired from business, that fact may be indicated thus: Farmer (retired 6 yrs.) For per- sons who have no occupation whatever, write None. Statement of cause of death.—Name, first, the dis- ease causing death (the primary affection with respect to time and causation), using always the same accepted term for the same disease. Examples: Cerebrospinal fever (the only definite synonym is “Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis”); Diphtheria (avoid use of “Croup”); Typhoid fever (never report “Typhoid pneumonia”) Lobar pneumonia; Broncho- pneumonia (“Pneumonia,” unqualified, is indefinite); Tuberculosis of lungs, meninges, peritoneum, etc., Carcinoma, Sarcoma, etc., of (name origin; “Cancer” is less definite; avoid use of “Tumor” for malignant neoplasms); Measles; Whooping cough; Chronic valvular heart disease; Chronic interstital nephritis, etc. The contributory (secondary or inter- current) affection need not be stated unless impor- tant. Example: Measles (disease causing death), 29 days; Bronchopneumonia (secondary), 10 days. Never report mere symptoms of terminal conditions, such as “Asthenia,” “Anemia” (merely symptomatic),' “Atrophy,” “Collapse,” “Coma,” “Convulsions,” “De- bility,” (“Congenital,” “Senile,” etc.), “Dropsy," “Exhaustion,” “Heart failure,” “Hemorrhage,” “In- ADDITIONAL SPACE FOR FURTHER STATEMENTS BY PHYSICIAN. OREGON STATE BOARD OF HEALTH PHYSICIAN’S PERSONAL RECORD PLACE OF BIRTH Oregon State Board of Health, Division of Vital Statistics CERTIFICATE OF BIRTH State Registered No. WRITE PLAINLY, WITH UNFADING INK. THIS IS A PERMANENT RECORD N. B.—In case of more than one child at birth, a SEPARATE RETURN must be made for each, and the number of each, in order of birth, stated. This certificate must be filed by the attending physician or midwife with the local registrar within 10 days after birth. 1. PLACE OF BIRTH- Loral Registered No. .. County State.. Township City No. or Village... .St. Ward (If birth occurred in a hospital or institution, give its name instead of street and number) (If in country, give distance and direction from nearest town) County 2. Full name of child . If child is not yet named, make " supplemental report, as directed City of 3. Sex of . child i To be answered ONLY in event of plural births. 4. Twin, triplet or other. I 6. Legiti- mate ? 7. Date of birth.. Street and No. Full name 8. FATHER 5. Number, in order of birth Full maiden name 14. MOTHER ..(Month, day, year) Name Sex. Twin, triplet or other .. Legitimate.. and number irv order of birth . 9. Resideneje /id f) place of abode) V* I A If nonresident, give place and State 15. Residence J /J A ( (Usual place of abode) V A If nonresident, give place and State Father’s Name 10. Color or race 11. Age at last birthday .(Years) 16. Color or race VI. Age at last birthday. .(Years) Color. Age. 12. Birthplace (city or place) 18. Birthplace (city or place) Birthplace (State or country) (State or country) Occupation 13. Occupation POSTOFFICE ADDRESS OF MOTHER Nature of industry .. 19. Occupation Nature of industry Mother’s Maiden Name 20. Number of children of this mother (Taken as of time of birth of child herein certified and including this child.) (a) Born alive and now living. Color.. Age. CERTIFICATE OF ATTENDING PHYSICIAN OR MIDWIFE* (b) Born alive but now dead. (c) Stillborn. Birthplace . I hereby certify that I attended the birth of this child, who was at 0 1 ( IS MILK ROOM OR MILK HOUSE. Transportation below 50° F (51° to 55°, 1.5; 56° to 60°, 1.) 2 Location: Free from contamina- (If delivered twice a day, allow ting surroundings 1 Jl... perfect score for storage and trans- Construction of milk room 2 portation.) Floor, walls, and ceiling 1 Light, ventilation, screens.. 1 Separate rooms for washing uten- / 1 l / (Hot water, 0.5.) 40 ...3.£- CO ..MS. Equipment + Methods £f..7...5T. = Final Score. Note 1.—If any exceptionally filthy condition is found, particularly dirty utensils, the total score may be further limited. Note 2.—If the water is exposed to dangerous contamination, or there is evidence of the presence of a dangerou • disease in animals or attendants, the score shall be 0. BOARD OF HEALTH SANITARY INSPECTION OF DAIRY FARMS. SCORE CARD. Indorsed by the Official Dairy Instructors’ Association. Owner or lessee of farm P. 0. address State Total number of cows C - Number milking Gallons of milk produced daily. Product is sold by producer in families, hotels, reotaurants,-stores -to- dealer. For milk supply of Permit No. ■ Date of inspection ... Remarks: {Signed) Inspector. Hobbs a warren publishers Boston Form 440-2 36 DAIRY SCORING BOARD OF HEALTH SANITARY INSPECTION OF DAIRY FARMS SCORE CARD. Indorsed by the Official Dairy Instructors’ Association Owner or lessee of farm.. P. 0. address. State Total number of cows Number milking Gallons of milk produced daily... Product is sold by producer in families, frotolo, restaurants, atopes. to dealop. For milk supply of Permit No. ... Date of inspection Remarks: (Signed) Inspector. HOBBS & WARREN PUBLISHERS BOSTON FORM 440-2 SCORE. SCORE. EQUIPMENT. METHODS. Perfect. Allowed. Perfect. APowed. COWS. COWS. Health 6 b 8 y Apparently in good health ... 1 If tested with tuberculin with- (Free from visible dirt, 6.) in a year and no tubercu- losis is found, or if tested STABLES. within six months and all Cleanliness of stables 6 3 reacting animals removed ... 5 Floor 2 (If tested within a year and re- Walls 1 acting animals are found and Ceiling and ledges 1 removed, 3.) Mangers and partitions 1 Food (clean and wholesome) 1 Windows 1 .3 1 Stable air at milking time Freedom from dust 3 5 STABLES. Freedom from odors 2 / 2 / Cleanliness of bedding 1 2 Well drained 1 Clean 1 o..... Free from contaminating sur- Well drained 1 roundings 1 A Removal of manure daily to 50 O. Construction of stable feet from stable 2 Tight, sound floor and proper gutter 2 Smooth, tight walls and ceiling 1 MILK ROOM OR MILK HOUSE. % Proper stall, tie and manger ... 1 Provision for light: Four sq. ft. 4L... Cleanliness of milk room 3 of glass per cow (Three sq. ft., 3; 2 sq. ft., 2; 1 sq. ft., 1. Deduct for uneven 4 UTENSILS AND MILKING. 'k Care and cleanliness of utensils 8 distribution.) Thoroughly washed 2 1 Sterilized in steam for 15 min- 7 ¥ Provision for fresh air, con- (Placed over steam jet, or scalded trollable flue system 3 with boiling water, 2.) (Windows hinged at bot- Protected from contamination 3 ..Hr. tom, 1.5; sliding windows, 9 1; other openings, 0.5.) Cubic feet of space per cow, 500 ft 3 (Less than 500 ft., 2; less than 400 ft., 1; less than Clean, dry hands 3 Udders washed and wiped 6 (Udders cleaned with moist cloth, 4; cleaned with dry cloth or brush at least fifteen minutes be- fore milking, I.) 300 ft., 0.) Provision for controlling tem- perature 1 HANDLING THE MILK. UTENSILS. Cleanliness of attendants in milk weeds. But nowhere do you find rubbish accumulated. All trash is hauled to the one municipal dump which is outside the city. There are no dumps within the city. Under the leadership of the famous biologist, Clifton Freement Hodge, a few years ago Eugene became practically a fly-less city and at this time appropriate ordinances were passed to check their growth in the future. However, these ordinances have not been enforced and the 39 occasional poorly kept stable and the universal careless handling of garbage offers food aid home in abundance for flies. So at present they are on the increase. Tneir distribution is not universal over the city, as some sections where there are no horses or cows are particularly free from flies. Another factor in the fly problem is that the mildness of the winters allovs the fly to lead a comfortable and happy life throughout the year. Mosquitoes are practically unknown. There are no swamps or stagnant water in spite of the damp winters. For as soon as the rains are over, the excess moisture rapidly drains away and the sun of summer dries up any remaining dampness. Hats and vermin, present of course, are not a problem. There is no attraction for them. There are still a few private stables within the city limits and two public feed barns. Either cows or horses may be kept within the city limits. The ordinances require that the manure shall be kept in tightly covered containers and protected from flies. This ordinance is usually carried out but not enforced, hence in a few cases open manure piles constitute a definite nuisance. There is no smoke nuisance. For heating purposes wood is burned and this gives practically no smoke. There are no coal burning industries. Occasionally in the summer the entire sky becomes clouded with smoke from forest fires, but this is not a nuisance, merely a novel experience. 40 There are no unnecessary noises or necessary, which disturb the peace. There are no piggeries in the city, it being unlawful to keep pigs within the corporate limits of the city. The legal definition of nuisances and the methods of dealing with them are contained in the appended ordinances (See Ordinances appended to section on Garbage, Refuse and Ashes). 41 HOUSINGS- Eugene is not a manufacturing city and therefore does not have a large laboring class. Furthermore those composing the laboring class are not foreigners, but thrifty Americans and hence will not tolerate tenement conditions. Accordingly there are no tenement houses in Eugene. The only buildings of any sort where several families are housed under one roof are first-class apartment houses, with private toilets and baths in each apartment. There are occupied for the most part by business men and their families. Even the most humble of the poorer classes are housed in one-family houses. The nearest approach Eugene has to a tenement house is two or three cheap rooming houses, chiefly for transients. One of these was visited. The halls were dark and damp, but seemed clean. The individual rooms were well- cleaned and ventilated. However, the room was occupied jointly by the tenant and bed-bugs. There was only one toilet on each floor (there being two floors above a store on the ground floor)but these were clean and sweet and cannot be critizied. The largest and most used public building is the Eugene Armory. This building consists of a large auditorium or drill floor, with a three-quarters balcony, offices, company and recreation rooms for the two Companies of Rational Cuard it houses. The auditorium is used for large public gatherings of any sort, conventions, concerts, automobile shows, carnivals and dances. The building is heated by steam, radiators being present in each small room and many in the aueitorium. The ventilation of the smaller rooms is by means of 42 ventilators over the door of each room connecting it with the hall and by means of windows. The ventilation of the auditorium is also by means of thre<. rows of windows at either end and by connection with the hall tnrough large doors in the center. This is, however, entirely adequate because the ceiling extends clear to the roof and witn this space and the ventilation through the windows, there is never any difficulty in keeping the air fresh and pure. 43 INFECTIOUS DISEASES The list of reportable diseases, the quarantine regulations, the fumigation requirements and the law on venereal disease is con- tained in the appended city ordinances on Health and Venereal Diseases. The reportable diseases are Diphtheria, Scarlet Fever, Mumps, Measles, Whooping Cough, Small Pox, Bubonic Plague, Cnolera, Leprosy, Chicken Pox and Sptted Fever, and any other contagious or infectious disease. These diseases are reported quite faithfully by the local physicians. Some of the men are not as careful as they should be in this regard and with the present organization of the Board of Healtn they get away with it. As soon as the City Health Officer is notified he is required by law to post said premises. The attendin s are required to employ such precautionary measures as are required by the City Health Officer. The Quarantine is lifted when the attending physician deems the case cured and so notifies the City Health Officer, who, if convinced of this fact, removes the quarantine after directing the disinfection and fumigation of said premises to his satisfaction. At present these regulations are carried out only half-heartedly. See criticisms and recommendations. There are no municipal or county measures carried out for the prevention of the spread of Tuberculosis. Of course Eugene shares in the state and nationwide campaign of education along these lines* The regulations regarding venereal disease are very strict. Further the state also requires a strict account of venereal infections 44 and blanks for this purpose are submitted. It is another black mark against the health administration of Eugene to say that these regul- ations are shamefully neglected. Only a small number of the most conscientious pnysicians pay any attention to them at all. (See next page) 45 THE CITY OF EUGENE any of the provisions of this Ordinance, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than five dollars or more than fifty dollars. Section 4. That inasmuch as various awnings that are now erected on the streets of Eugene are so low as not to admit of free passage along the sidewalk, an emergency is therefore declared to exist and it is therefore declared to be for the immediate preserva- tion of the peace, health and safety of the city that this Ordinance become immediately in full force and effect upon its passage by the Common Council and approval by the Mayor. Passed the Common Council this 29th day of July, 1913. R. S. BRYSON, City Recorder. Approved by the Mayor this 31st day of July, 1913. D. E. Yoran, Mayor. UNDERGROUND PIPES No. 1567. An Ordinance providing for the laying of pipes under ground in the City of Eugene: The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Depth.] Section 1. That all water pipes and mains and gas pipes and mains to be laid under ground shall be laid at a depth of thirty inches, below the established street grade. [Penalty.] Section 2. Any person, firm, company or corporation violating Section 1 of this Ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof, shall be fined not to exceed twenty-five dollars ($25.00.) Passed the Common Council this 6th day of July, 1914. R. S. BRYSON, City Recorder. Approved by the Mayor this 7th day of July, 1914. D. E. Yoran, Mayor. FALSE ADVERTISING No. 1655. An Ordinance making it unlawful to make false state- ment in advertising; describing of what such false statement shall consist, and providing for penalty for violation of this Ordinance. Be it Ordained by the Common Council of the City of Eugene, Ore.: [False Statement Unlawful.] Section 1. That hereafter it shall he unlawful for any person, firm, company or corporation within the City of Eugene, Oregon, to make any false statement in advertising. [Defined.] Section 2. For the purposes of this Ordinance it shall be con- sidered a false statement in advertising for any person, in a news- paper or other periodical, or in any public advertisement, or by let- ter or circular, to knowingly make or disseminate any statement or THE CITY OF EUGENE any of the provisions of this Ordinance, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than five dollars or more than fifty dollars. Section 4. That inasmuch as various awnings that are now erected on the streets of Eugene are so low as not to admit of free passage along the sidewalk, an emergency is therefore declared to exist and it is therefore declared to be for the immediate preserva- tion of the peace, health and safety of the city that this Ordinance become immediately in full force and effect upon its passage by the Common Council and approval by the Mayor. Passed the Common Council this 29th day of July, 1913. R. S. BRYSON, City Recorder. Approved by the Mayor this 31st day of July, 1913. D. E. Yoran, Mayor. UNDERGROUND PIPES No. 1567. An Ordinance providing for the laying of pipes under ground in the City of Eugene: The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Depth.] Section 1. That all water pipes and mains and gas pipes and mains to be laid under ground shall he laid at a depth of thirty inches, below the established street grade. [Penalty.] Section 2. Any person, firm, company or corporation violating Section 1 of this Ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof, shall he fined not to exceed twenty-five dollars ($25.00.) Passed the Common Council this 6th day of July, 1914. R. S. BRYSON, City Recorder. Approved by the Mayor this 7th day of July, 1914. D. E. Yoran, Mayor. No. 1655. An Ordinance making it unlawful to make false state- ment in advertising; describing of what such false statement shall consist, and providing for penalty for violation of this Ordinance. Be it Ordained by the Common Council of the City of Eugene, Ore.: [False Statement Unlawful.] Section 1. That hereafter it shall he unlawful for any person, firm, company or corporation within the City of Eugene, Oregon, to make any false statement in advertising. [Defined.] Section 2. For the purposes of this Ordinance it shall be con- sidered a false statement in advertising for any person, in a news- paper or other periodical, or in any public advertisement, or by let- ter or circular, to knowingly make or disseminate any statement or FALSE ADVERTISING GENERAL ORDINANCE OF assertion concerning the quantity, the quality, the value, the price, the method of producing or manufacture or his merchandise or pro- fessional work, or the manner or source of purchase of such mer- chandise, or the motive or purpose of any sale which is untrue or calculated to mislead. [Penalty.] Section 3. Any person violating the terms of this Ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten dollars ($10.00) nor more than fifty dollars ($50.00.) Section 4. That all Ordinances, or parts of Ordinances in con- flict with this Ordinance be, and the same are hereby repealed. Passed the Common Council this 16th day of November, 1914. R. S. BRYSON, City Recorder. Approved by the Mayor this 18th day of November, 1914. D. E. Yoran, Mayor. No. 1670. An Ordinance providing for the appointment of a City Board of Health, and a Secretary to said Board, and providing rules and regulations for said Board and Secretary, and to protect the public from contagious or dangerous diseases; and repealing all Ordinances, and parts of Ordinances, in conflict with this Ordinance. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Board of Health.] Section 1. That the standing City Health Committee of the Com- mon Council of the City of Eugene, be and the same is hereby con- stituted a Board of Health of said City, whose duty it shall be to protect the public health from the spread of contagious, infectious or other diseases, and to abate or remove nuisances dangerous to the public health. [Health Officer, Appointment.] Section 2. That at the first meeting of the City Council in April of each year the Mayor shall appoint a Secretary to the Board of Health, which appointment shall be subject to confirmation by the Council. The Secretary so appointed shall be the City Health Officer of the city under the direction of the City Board of Health, and shall be known as the City Health Officer, and said Secretary shall be a graduate of a reputable medical college and shall be in possession of a license issued by the Oregon State Board of Medical Examiners. | Quarantine.] Section 3. It shall be the duty of the City Board of Health or City Health Officer, to quarantine any place where any of the follow- ing diseases exist, to-wit: Diphtheria, Scarlet Fever, Measles, Mumps, Whooping Cough, Small Pox, Bubonic Plague, Cholera, Leprosy, Chicken Pox and Spot- ted Fever, or other contagious or infectious disease. And when any of the above diseases are reported to the City HEALTH REGULATIONS THE CITY OF EUGENE Board of Health, or other Health officer, the said City Board of Health or said officer, shall at once cause to be placed in a con- spicuous place on the house, where any of the aforesaid diseases occur, a quarantine card having printed on it in large letters the name of the disease within, there shall also be displayed from any house or place where any such diseases exist, a flag. If the disease be small pox the color shall be yellow; if the disease be diphtheria, the color shall be green; if the disease be scarlet fever the color shall be red; and all other diseases the color shall be white, and no person shall be permitted to enter or leave such house or place where any of the diseases aforesaid are without a written permission from the City Health Officer. Every physician attending a person affected with any of the aforesaid diseases shall use such precau- tionary measure to prevent the spread of the disease as may be required by the City Board of Health or City Health Officer. [Enforcement of Quarantine.] Section 4. No person shall mar, remove, deface, or destroy such quarantine card or flag which shall remain in place until after the person affected is removed from such house or has recovered and is no longer capable of communicating the disease, and the said house and the contents there of have been properly purified and disinfected under the direction of the City Health Officer; provided that the City Board of Health shall have power to make rules and regula- tions prescribing the number of days a person affected with any of the diseases mentioned in Section three shall remain in quarantine. The City Board of Health may employ as many persons, to be paid out of the general fund of the city, as it deems necessary to execute its orders and properly guard any house or place containing any person or persons affected with any of the diseases named herein, or who have been exposed thereto; and such persons shall be sworn as quarantine guards, shall have police powers, and may use all necessary means to enforce the provisions of this act for the prevention of contagious and infectious diseases, or the orders of any board of health made in pursuance thereof. [Physicians to Report Contagious Cases.] Section 5. It shall be the duty of every practising physician in the City of Eugene to report to the City Health Officer, or if said City Health Officer is absent from the city or cannot be found, then to the City Board of Health, by the quickest means, all cases of Diphtheria, Scarlet Fever, Measles, Mumps, Whooping Cough, Small Pox, Bubonic Plague, Cholera, Leprosy, Chicken Pox, and Spotted Fever, or any other contagious or infectious disease, and ttie Secretary of the City Board of Health shall at once cause the premises where the patient is sick to be quarantined, and the said quarantine shall remain in force until the same is raised by order of the City Health Officer. [Report of Births and Deaths.] It shall be the duty of every physician, accoucheurs, or midwife, in the City of Eugene, to report immediately to the City Health Officer of the City of Eugene, all births and deaths which may occur under their supervision, with a certificate of the cause of death and such correlative facts as may be required in the blank form furnished by the City Board of Health. When any death may occur within the City of Eugene without medical attendance, it shall GENERAL ORDINANCE OF be the duty of the undertaker to notify the City Health Officer of such death, or if the City Health Officer is absent or cannot be found, then to notify the City Board of Health of such death for immedi- ate investigation and certification prior to issuing the permit; pro- vided, that when no undertaker is in attendance, and in such cases only, the City Health Officer is authorized to make the certificate and return from the statement of relatives, or other person having adequate knowledge of the facts, whose duty it shall be to report such death to the City Health Officer and secure a burial permit before burying the body. Provided, further, that if the circum- stances of the case render it probable that the death was caused by unlawful or suspicious means, the City Health Officer, then, shall lefer the case to the coroner, whose duty it is to hold an inquest on the body of any deceased person and to make the certificate of death required for a burial permit, shall state in his certificate the nature of the disease or the manner of death; and, if from ex- ternal causes or violence, (whether probable), accidental, suicidal or homicidal, as determined by the inquest, and shall in either case furnish such information as may be required by the State Board of Health to properly classify the death, and shall report the same to the City Health Officer. The undertaker, or person acting as un- dertaker, shall be responsible for obtaining and filing the certificate of death with the City Health Officer, and securing a burial or re- moval permit prior to any disposition of the body. It shall be the duty of the attending physician or midwife to file a certificate of birth, occuring in the City of Eugene, properly and completely filled out, giving all the particulars and on the forms required by the City Board of Health, with the City Health Officer of the City of Eugene, and if there be no attending physician or midwife, then, it shall be the duty of the father or mother of the child, householder or owner of the premises, manager or superintend- ent of the piublic or private institution in which the birth occurs, provided such birth occurs within the City of Eugene, to notify the City Health Officer, on or before the first day of the month follow- ing that in which said birth occurs, of the fact of such birth having occurred. It shall then, in such case, be the duty of the City Health Officer to secure the necessary information and signature to make a proper certificate of birth. [Removal of Quarantine and Fumigation.] Section 6. Any physician treating any person affected with any of the diseases herein mentioned, or any other contagious disease, when such physician shall deem such person cured, shall report the same to the City Health Officer, and said officer shall at once inves- tigate the same, and if he deems such person cured and it safe lor the public for such person to be at large, after causing the prem- ises Where such person was sick, provided such person was affected with any of the following diseases, to be thoroughly fumigated, to-wit: Diphtheria, Scarlet Fever, Small Pox, Cholera, Bubonic Plague, Tuberculosis, and Spotted Fever; or any other infectious or con- tagious disease; he shall then order such quarantine removed. All fumigation shall be done under the direction of the City Health Officer and to his satisfaction, and the expense of such fum- igation shall be paid by the City of Eugene, except the city shall THE CITY OF EUGENE not furnish the necessary material for fumigation but shall pay only for the labor of fumigating. No quarantine shall be raised on any premises where any disease exists where fumigation of such premises is provided for in this Ordinance until such premises have been thoroughly fumigated to the satisfaction of the City Health Officer, and in no event shall any quarantine be raised except by order of the City Health Officer. [Infected or Exposed Persons Not to Appear in Public.] Section 7. No person having any contagious disease shall go out in public or pass from house to house, or from building to building, or appear in any street, alley or other public place until he or she shall have so far recovered from such disease as to preclude all danger of infection and shall have been released from quarantine by order of the Secretary of the City Board of Health. No person who has been exposed to Small Pox, Measles, Mumps, Whooping Cough, Diphtheria, Scarlet Fever, Membraneous Croup, or other contagious or infectious disease, and who has knowledge of such ex- posure, shall appear on the streets of the City of Eugene,or in any other public place within the city during the period of incubation incident to the disease to which he or she has been exposed; and such period of seclusion or quarantine shall be as ordered by the City Health Officer, except this provision shall not apply to duly licensed and practicing physicians or graduate nurses attending such cases. [Penalty.] Section 8. Any person violating any of the rules or provisions of this Ordinance shall be fined not less than $10.00 nor more than One Hundred Dollars ($100.00.) [Salary of Health Officer.] Section 9. The Secretary of the City Board of Health shall re- ceive for his services twenty-five dollars ($25.00) per month, payable monthly out of the general fund of the city. Section 10. That Ordinance No. 1489 and Ordinance No. 1634, and all other Ordinances in conflict with this Ordinance be, and the same are hereby repealed. Section 11. That inasmuch as this Ordinance deals with the health of the inhabitants of the City of Eugene, an emergency is therefore declared to exist, and it is therefore declared to be for the immediate preservation of the peace, health and safety of the city that this Ordinance become effective immediately upon its pas- sage by the Common Council and approval by the Mayor. Passed the Common Council this 14th day of December, 1914. R. S. BRYSON, City Recorder. Approved by the Mayor this 16th day of December, 1914. D. E. Yoran, Mayor. GENERAL ORDINANCE OF VENEREAL DISEASES No. 1922. An Ordinance providing for the suppression of ven- ereal diseases, and declaring an emergency. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Venereal Diseases Dangerous to Public Health.] Section 1. Syphilis, gonorrhea and chancroid, hereinafter desig- nated venereal diseases, are hereby recognized and declared to be contagious, infectious, communicable and dangerous to the public health. [Venereal Diseases to be Reported.] Section 2. It shall be the duty of every licensed physician, or every superintendent or manager of a hospital or dispensary, and every person who gives treatment for a venereal disease, to mail to the City Health Officer of the City of Eugene, a card supplied by the said Health Officer stating the age, sex, color, marital condition and occupation of such diseased person, the nature and previous duration of such disease and its probable origin; such card to be mailed within three days after the first examination of such diseased person, provided, that, except as hereinafter required the name and address of such diseased person shall not be reported to the City Health Officer. [Persons Afflicted With Venereal Diseases to be Given a Circular of Information.] Section 3. It shall be the duty of every licensed physician and of every other person who treats a person afflicted with venereal disease to give to such person at the first examination a circular of information and advice concerning venereal diseases furnished by the City Health Officer; and in addition to give to such diseased person a copy of this Ordinance, and to report to the City Health Officer that such diseased person has received the two documents herein specified. [Change of Physician to be Reported by Patient to Physician First Consulted.] Section 4. When a person applies to a physician or other person for treatment of a venereal disease, it shall be the duty of the physician or person consulted to inquire of and ascertain from the person seeking treatment whether such person has theretofore con- sulted with or been treated by any other physician or persons, and if so, to ascertain the name and address of the physician or person last consulted. It shall be the duty of the applicant for treatment to furnish this information and a refusal to do so, or falsely stating the name and address of such physician or person consulted shall be deemed a violation of this Ordinance. It shall be the duty of the physician whom the applicant seeks to and does consult or employ to notify the physician last consulted or employed of the change of advisers, such notification to be made upon a form furnished for rhat purpose by the City Health Officer. Should the physician or person previously consulted fail to receive such notice within ten days after the last appearance of such venereal diseased person it shall be the duty of such physician to report to the City Health Officer the name and address of such venereally diseased person. THE CITY OF EUGENE [Protection of Others From Infection by Venerally Diseased Persons.] Section 5. Upon receipt of a report of a case of venereal dis- ease it shall be the duty of the City Health Officer to institute such measures for the protection of other persons from infection by such venerally diseased person as said Health Officer is already empow- ered to use to prevent the spread of other contagious, infectious or communicable diseases. [ Reports to be Confidential.] Section 6. All information and reports concerning persons in- fected with venereal diseases shall be confidential and shall be in- accessible to the public except insofar as publicity may attend the performance of the duty imposed upon the City Health Officer and Board of Health by this Ordinance and the rules of the State Board of Health and laws of the State of Oregon. [Parents Responsible for the Compliance of Minors With the Re- quirements of Regulations.] Section 7. The parents of minors acquiring venereal diseases and living with said parents, shall be legally responsible for the com- pliance of such minors with the requirements of the Ordinance re- lating to venereal diseases. [Suspected Cases to be Investigated.] Section 8. In all suspected cases of venereal diseases in the in- fectious states, the City Health Officer shall immediately use all available means to determine whether the person or persons so sus- pected of being infected are suffering from said diseases, or any of them, and whenever said diseases are found to exist the City Health Officer shall, whenever possible, ascertain the sources of such infec- tion. In such investigations, the C'ty Health Officer is hereby vested with full powers of inspection, examination, isolation and disinfec- tion of all persons, places and things, as provided herein. [Powers and Duties of Health Officer.] Section 9. It is hereby made the duty of the City Health Officer and he is hereby directed and empowered: (a) To make examinations of persons reasonably suspected of having syphilis in the infectious stages or gonococcus infection, (owing to the prevalence of such diseases among prostitutes, all such persons may be considered within the above class. (b) To isolate persons infected with any of said diseases when- ever isolation is necessary to protect the public health. In estab- lishing isolation, the city health officer shall define the limits of the area in which the persons reasonably suspected or known to have syphilis or gonococcus infections and his or her immediate attendant are to be isolated, and no persons, other than the attending physicians, shall enter or leave the area of isolation without the permission of the City Health Officer. (c) In making examinations and inspections of women for the purpose of ascertaining the existence of syphilis or gonococcus in- fections, to appoint women physicians for said purposes where the services of a woman physician are requested or demanded by the person examined. (d) In cases of quarantine or isolation, not to terminate said quarantine or isolation until the cases have become non-infectious, GENERAL ORDINANCE OF or until permission has been given by the State Board of Health, or its secretary. (e) Cases of gonoccocus infection are to be regarded as in- fections until at least two successive smears taken not less than forty-eight hours apart fail to show gonococci. (f) Inasmuch as prostitution is the most prolific source of syphilis and gonococcus infection, the City Health officer and all other persons shall use every proper means of suppressing the same, and all such officers are hereby prohibited from issuing certificates or other evidence of freedom from venereal diseases. (g) To keep all records of said inspection and examination from public inspection, and to make every reasonable effort to keep secret the identity of those affected by venereal diseases control measures as far as may be consistent with the protection of the public health. (h) All costs and expenses of keeping and treating any person or persons placed in any detention or isolation hospital under the provisions of this Ordinance shall be taxed against such person or the parent of such person, if such person be a minor, and may be collected by the City of Eugene in an action instituted and prosecu- ted by it in any court of competent jurisdiction. [Detention Hospital.] Section 10. It shall be the duty of the City Health Officer to use only such building or buildings for quarantine purposes under this Ordinance as shall be first provided or accepted by the City Council. The City Health Officer shall make suitable administrative rules for the conduct of said hospital. [Quarantine.] Section 11. Whenever it is necessary for the protection of the public health that persons infected with venereal diseases be quar- antined the City Health Officer shall quarantine such diseased per- sons in said detention hospitals and cause to be administered to such person a proper course of treatment. [Bond or Cash Guaranty in Lieu of Quarantine.] Section 12. In lieu of isolation or quarantine, any person in- fected with any of said diseases may be released upon bond as herein provided. Such persons shall make written application there- for to the City Health Officer, which application must be made under oath and must state that the applicant is not a prostitute. Such application shall be accompanied by a certificate signed by the Mayor, the Chief of Police or City Marshal and the City Recorder of the City of Eugene that the applicant is not a prostitute. The applicant shall then file with the City Recorder a band in the penal sum of one thousand ($1,000.00), conditioned that the applicant will not permit or perform any act which might or would infect or expose to infection any other person, will continue proper medical treat- ment until cured, and will faithfully observe all rules, regulations and requirements of said City Health Officer to protect the public against infection or contagion. Said bond shall run to the City of Eugene and shall have one or more sureties, to be approved by the Mayor of flie City of Eugene, provided that a cash guaranty in a like amount may be accepted in lieu of such undertaking. Before any per- THE CITY OF EUGENE son is released from any such bond as cured, a final examination and approval of the City Health Officer must be secured. [Spread of Venereal Disease Unlawful.] Section 13. It shall be unlawful for any person to inoculate any other person with any of the said venereal diseases, and it shall be un- lawful for any person to perform or commit any act which exposes any other person to inoculation of or infection with any of the said diseases. [Druggists to Keep Record of Sales of Drugs for Venereal Diseases.] Section 14. Any druggist or other person who sells any drug, compound, specific or preparation of any kind used for the cure of any of said venereal diseases shall keep a record of the name, ad- dress and sex of the person making such purchase. A copy of such record shall be mailed each week to the City Health Officer. [Order of City Board of Health.] Section 15. It shall be unlawful for any person to neglect or refuse to obey any order of the City Board of Health authorized by this Ordinance or to interfere with or obstruct said City Health officer in the performance of his duties herein required. [Violations.] Section 16. Any person violating any of the provisions of this Ordinance shall be punished by a fine of not to exceed three hundred dollars ($300.00) or by imprisonment in the city jail for a period of one day for each $2.00 of such fine. [Emergency.] Section 17. Inasmuch as this Ordinance is necessary for the im- mediate preservation of the public health, peace and safety of the City of Eugene in this, that said diseases are so prevalent that steps must be taken immediately to control their spread, therefore an emergency is hereby declared to exist and this Ordinance shall be in full force and effect from and after its passage by the council and its approval by the Mayor. Passed by the Common Council this 22d day of April, 1918. R. S. Bryson, City Recorder. Approved by the Mayor this 22d day of April, 1918. C. O. Peterson, Mayor. TREES AND SHRUBBERY No. 1671. An Ordinance against cutting any trees or shrubbery in the public parks belonging to the City of Eugene. The City of Eugene Does Ordain as Follows: [Cutting or Removal Unlawful.] Section 1. That it shall be unlawful for any person to wantonly cut or remove any trees, shrubbery, flowers or grass from any of the public parks belonging to the City of Eugene, and it shall be unlawful for any person to wantonly deface or mutilate any build- ing, wrall, fence, post, or anything whatsoever, in any of the public parks belonging to said city. 46 SCHOOLS Eugene is very admirably equipped with schools, as are all western cities. The firbt and best public building in any community in the far west, no matter how small, is its school. Eugene is equipped with eight public school buildings, four of which are modern brick structures ideally planned and equipped throughout. The other four are large two-story frame struc- tures. These are equipped and altered to the best advantage as far as is possible with such a building. All of the grade schools are equipped with very adequate play-grounds and most of them have covered areas to insure a dry play-ground during the rainy season. They are also equipped with various apparatus, such as rings, slides, swings, etc. for the amusement and health of the children. The play is supervised either by the teachers or by students of the University who are majoring in physical education. The Washington School is a modern one-story brick struc- ture containing the first six grades only. The building is plenteously lighted, the light always coming from the rear of the room. The blackboards are of a dull finish and therefore do not glare. The seats and desks are graduated in sizejand one of the most acceptable types. The floor is covered with a high-grade linoleum which is kept properly oiled. The temperature is automatically kept at the proper level for maximum comfort and mental effort. The heating and ven- tilation is by hot air and fan system, and works very satisfactorily. The fuel burned is vjood, which is very clean and never gives off any 47 gas. The toilets are equipped with the most acceptable flush bowels, urinals, washbowls and are kept immaculately clean. The building is equipped with bubblers at various convenient places for drinking purposes. T:iis building is indeed a credit to the city and embodies all the accepted principles in school health and comfort. Children are excluded from school for those diseases which are reportable by law as stated in the previous section. There is no systematic medical examination of school children carried out. When any question of health arises, the City Health Officer is called who acts according to his judgement. At first thought this appears to be taking quite a chance, but when it is realized that Eugene has no foreign population and that the children are under quite careful medical care at home, it loses some of its importance. 48 INDUSTRIAL HYCIENE Eugene is not a manufacturing city and its industries are few and not especially organized as regards matters of health, and sanitation of employees. Most of the industries are small concerns employing only a few men. Among these may be mentioned the Flour Mill, three Plaining Mills, the Eugene Ice and Storage Company, manufacturing ice and ice-cream, running a cold-storage plant, and the Eugene Excelsior Factory. There are two larger industries which were inspected, -the Eugene Woolen Mill and the Lane County Fruit Crcwers Association. The first is a plant employing about three hundred men and women. The women work forty-fire hours a week, this being limited by state law, and the men work eight hours a day. They maintain no health serrice or recreational facilities for their employees. They have no safety- first campaign. Tney protect their employees by liability insurance, provided for under the Workmen’s Compensation Act. The buildings are old and of frame structure, two and three stories high,with no fire escapes. There is insufficient window space for ideal conditions and there is no artificial means of ventilation. The floors are oiled and well-kept. There is no other method of dust prevention. For the women employees there is a fairly well-kept and com- fortable rest-room in connection with toilets which are fairly well- kept. The men have toilets and urinals which are dirty and poorly kept. There are bubblers throughout the plant. 49 The wool is handled raw, when it first cernes in, and while the men wear gloves, there are no other precautions taken to prevent Anthrax* However, they report no known cases of Anthrax infection up to date. The impression gained from this institution is that their chief aim is to produce woolen goods and dominates any other consideration as of the health, happiness and comfort of the employees. The plant of the Lane County Fruit Growers Association is one of the largest and most modern canning factories on the coast. They handle the entire produce of Lane County in the way of fruit and veg- etables. They employ from three to five hundred women, and from fifty to one hundred men. The fruit is prepared for canning by the women largely in outdoor pavilions, so that the problems of light and ven- tilation are thus at once disposed of. The canning processes are tended to by men and are done in well-ventilated and lighted pavilions. The construction of the building is one-story, concrete in frame, and is easily and well-kept clean. The association carries out no definite health or recreational program, but this is hardly necessary. First, because the work is only during the summer and fall months, and the employees are more or less temporary and they are constantly cnanging as the work is largely piece work. Secondly, the employees are of a general high grade of intelligence, not an inconsiderable number of them being .University students helping to defray their expenses by summer work, others being sons and daughters and mothers of the best families, earning a little extra money, so that they know how and do take care of their health 50 and recreation better than the average factory worker, as he is known in the east* The toilet facilities are excellent and well-kept and contain sanitary bubblers for drinking purposes. In connection with the women’s toilets, are very comfortable , cheerful rest-rooms. Taken on the whole, while the problems here are not great, working conditions are very satisfactory and there is no criticism to offer. 51 MISCELLANEOUS Eugene has a public market at which the farmers display their produce for sale. This includes vegetables, fruits, flowers, nuts, fowls and meat. Each farmer has a stall with a counter on which he dis- plays his goods. The market is a municipal enterprise for the benefit of both buyers and sellers. It is run by a manager who is present on all selling days and he sees that everything is kept neat and clean. The meat stalls are screened to keep out flies.. On the whole, the market is conducted in a quite satisfactory manner. Provision stores, meat markets, soda fountains, etc. are all run by honorable and public-spirited Americans wh® have a normal American sense of cleanliness. Of the stores inspected the produce dis- played was clean and neat, and some of the stores were equipped to keep it under refrigerated conditions. The stores were clean and presented a good appearance and the handlers gave the impression of being careful and mindful of these matters. The meat markets, five in number, were equally immaculate. All were equipped with large refrigerators for storage. The soda-fountains wore as a rule very good, of course varying from excellent to good, none could be classified as poor. The dishes, silver and glasses are taken to the kitchen and washed and dried after use and they come back clean. The counter and fountain are scoured once a day with hot water and soap and many times a day with hot water. The tables in most of these are of a washable finish and are kept clean. Most of these establishments serve meals and lunches, also. Their kitchens were inspected and found very well organized and clean. One 52 especially, "The Bainbow," deserves special mention. The kitchen ms immaculate, to be sure it was not finished in tile which is easily kept clean, but the woodwork, the pots and pans, utensils, dish-washing and all, ms everything that could be desired in the most exacting private home. This institution rather sets the standard and the others live up to it rather well. They all invite inspection by the public at all times• There is no meat inspection carried on by the city. The state inspector makes occasional visits. There are no slaughter houses in the city. Wing’s Market maintains one about a mile from town. This ms inspected and found fairly clean. The floors and rooms are cleaned out after slaughter. It was surrounded by a terrible odor - the waste is made into fertilizer in a nearby plant. The killing and dressing of the meat was not observed. The "Eugene Ice and Storage Company" makes all the ice for the city and has the only cold-storage plant in the city. They also makLe ice-cream during the summer months. This was inspected and found to be run in a very commendable fashion. flestaurant kitchens were covered partially in the previous paragraph. Those establishments selling meals only do not appear to be on as high a plane in general as the others. There were two small places which were extremely careless, and their kitchens were none too inviting. The kitchen of the Hotel Osborne was inspected as also ms that of the Monarch Cafeteria. Both of these were very clean and san- itary and the handling of food was very clean and sanitary. 53 The barber shops are as a rule kept clean. The attendants all war white coats. The chairs have head rests covered with paper which is clean for each customer. The towels are all laundered after being used for a customer. However, the utensils used are not sterilized between customers. While tnis is an objectionable feature it cannot be too severely criticized as the shops throughout the country have the same habits. Otherwise the shops are satisfactory. The distribution of educational matter and other activities of the Board of Health is at present up to the personal efforts of the City Health Officer, and as it is not provided for in the regulations it is not indulged in at the present time. There are no District Nursing, Social Service, or other organizations actively interested in public health measures. The city has been plotted into square blocks a hundred yards on a side to allow for future growth. The streets are wide and suitable parkings are provided for. Three Municipal Parks have been set aside and are being developed. All these matters are shown on the map of the city. Up to the present time no active systematic beautification measures have been undertaken. 54 SUMMARY The water and sewage systems are mentioned again only to he commended. Nothing more could be asked of either for a town the size of Eugene, and they both fulfil with ease the most severe demands put upon them. It is regrettable that a city of this size does not have legis- lation covering the collection and disposal of garbage, refuse, etc. It is recommended that legislation be passed providing (1) that all garbage be kept in metal containers provided with tight-fitting metal tops; which tops should be kept in place except when emptying or filling the cans; (2) the city should collect this garbage at regular intervals; (3) a municipal incinerator should be provided for the buttling of all such garbage; (4) that the city provide similar adequate regular collections and disposal of other trash and refuse as it collects throughout the city. The Vital Statistics speak for themselves. It snows an apparently healthy community. The impression is gained that there is some laxity on the part of the physicians in reporting their cases. How much is difficult to say. However, the solution of this problem is taken up in the fij\fti recommendation. The milk supply is to be criticized and condemned. While no epidemi® of disease have been traced to the milk supply, that avenue for spread of infection is certainly wide open. Unless the producers can be made to live up to safe standards of collection, handling and distrib- ution of milk by means of vigorous inspection and enforcement of laws, 55 legislation providing for a central collecting, pasturizing and distribution station, either cooperative or municipal should be pro- vided. The present system is too dangerous to public health. The city is quite free from sanitary nuisances. Only two are worth commenting on. First, the fly situation, though not bad, is growing worse. It is recommended that a new anti-fly campaign be inaugurated, the technique of wnich the people are familiar with, and that existing legislations regarding breeding places be rigidly enforced. Secondly, some of the few remaining keepers of cows and horses are careless with the cleanliness of their stables. This matter is adequately covered by existing ordinances, and it is recommend- ed that these be rigidly enforced. There is nothing to be said about housing conditions. They are satisfactory throughout. There is a great deal of laxity about the reporting and quar- antine of the infectious diseases, and mow especially venereal diseases. All this is adequately provided for in the town laws, but are not adequately enforced. The recommendation is obvious^enforcement of existing laws • The school system, equipment, etc. are to be commended. The only recommendation to be offered is that routine medical and dental examinations of pupils be inaugurated to safeguard the health and to correct minor conditions and to insure good hygiene. The condition of markets, stores, soda-fountains, restaurants, cold-storage plants, barber shops, etc. is on the whole satisfactory. 56 The activities of the 3oard of Health, such as health education, diagnostic laboratories, meat inspection, inspection of school children, etc., are not and should be done. This leads directly to the chief problem for Eugene which is brought out by this surrey. The city on the whole is rery well equipped from a sanitary point of view, their legislation covering these matters, with the recommendation^ierein added, are adequate and good. However, at present there are many gaps in the sanitary administrano 1, due entirely to the neglect of duty by the City Health Officer. As long as the office remains a reward for political support, conditions will remain as they are. It is therefore recommended that legislation be passed providing (1) an adequate salary for a full-time, especially trained City Health Officer; (2) the securing of such an officer by the Common Council and not by the Mayor. It is believed that with this change and with a man who is alive to the dangers and needs of such a municipality that existing deficiencies would be « remedied and the city will have taken a great step forward in the protection of the health of her citizens.