price 50 ls
Ellis Lewis S.M.
Ellis Ellis
Ellis Lewis
22d of Nov. 1814
many men Joseph Graffer


Chapman’s
Dr,, Darwins theory of the Modus Operandi of As_
_tringentia is that they stimulate the Absorbents
to carry off the interstitial fluid and by that
means produce a condensation of the simple solids
Stimulants
Dr. Chapman ranks among the stimulants emmen
agogues diuretics emetics Cathartics erodents epispastia
chalogogues &c. The primary action of Medicines
upon the stomach & nerves among the class of
emetics are those that increase the secretions
of urine sweat promote expectoration absorption
Emetics are generally administered in intermit
-tent fevers to prepare the stomach for the re-
ceptaion of tonics, barks, &c. When diarrhea
depends upon a superabundance of Bile in
Dyspepsia Hysteria ascites Cynenche Trachealis
Emetics of use in haemophysis in Menorrhagia
Administered in nauseating doses in Rheuma
-tism when attended with intermittently
by producing relaxation of the system.


Chapman’s Lectures Dec,, 20th [18??]
Diaphoretics those Chapman ranks
as sudoriferous and diaphoretics the former
promoting sensible perspiration or sweat
the latter insensible
All the diaphoretics operate either by
increasing the force of the circulation
or by exerting the action of the vessels
on the surface the diaphoretics are
deemed highly beneficial in most fever
they operate by taking off the constrict
tion of the surface in inflammatory
fevers the diaphoretics not to be resort-
ed to until the action is lessened in
inflammatory fever the mildest to be
employed. The beneficial effects of
Diaphoretics in typhus. vvi. Dover’s
powder formd of nitre ipecacuanha
opium]


Wine whey fumigations to the
lower extremities to promote sweating
Decm. the 27 1814
Chapman on emmenagogues
Those are medicines that promote the
menstrual discharge Dr. Chapman con-
siders the uterus as a secretory organ and
liable to the glandular diseases and suitable for the
secretion of a fluid (the catamenia) that
is different from blood among the first
and one of the most powerful emmenagogues
Chapman considers Polygala seneca or
rattle snake root. a diffusible stimulant
Chapman considers this as a most active medicine
this to be made into a decoction of an ounce
to a pint of water to be boiled one half
and given to the amount of 4oz. in 24 hours
The uterus next to the stomach exercises
the nearest dominion over the animal 
economy. all diseases incident to the human frame
as more or less aggravated by the permanent
suppression of the senses


29th of Dec. 1814
After Seneca the next medicine that claims
our attention is savine, this is singularly
prone to produce hemmorrhagy particular
ly of the uterus. this medicine produces a
stimulus in which is especially directed to the uterus
in amenorrhea or suppression of the menses
it is evident it arises from an imperfection in
the circulation of those parts it is in such cases sa-
vin may be advantageously employed the
dose to be given is 30 gr. of the substance in
Powder. the essential oil of this plant is also
a favorable way of administering it in the
dose of 6 drops Chapman considers Rubia
tinctorum as a medicine worthy the notice
of practitioners given in the dose of 30 gr.
Rosmarinus officinalis is considered by many writers
an emmenagogue  in the dose of half a pint of the strong
infusion at bedtime [illegible] as possessing the 
stimulant properties may also be ranked


Jan 3d 1815
In amenorrhea the next medicine that
claims our attention is iron the rust of iron
combined with barks and given in the form
of an electuary but the neatest manner
of administering it is in the form of cha-
lybeate wine composed of the rust of
iron one and a half ounce, gentian and
orange peel 1oz. mixed with a quart of
port wine given in the dose of a table
spoon full two or three times a day this
preparation as a tonic is considered by Chapman
as of the first importance the myrrh is
another med. not to be omitted in the treat
ment of this disease particularly chorions
or retention of the menses the form of ad-
ministering this medicine is in combination
with Zinc in the proportion of 1 gr of


Zinc to 3gr of Myrrh to be adminis-
tered 3 or 4 times a day frictions to the
hypogastric region and a full and
nourishing diet is found to contribute
to the cure of the disease.
Application of blisters to the inside
of the thighs as high up as possible
are of essential service in amenorrhea 
or suppressed menses the tincure can - 
is a useful remedy in some cases given
in the dose of 15 drops 2 or 3 times a day
it accelerates the pulse and causes a great
flow of the urine Menstruation is sometimes per-
formed with pain small portions being discharged
this variety is called dysmenorrhea this form is united
with increased action, bleeding the cold bath administered
of camphor combined with opium 1gr opii oz of camphor
sometimes in order to alleviate pain an ingection
of opium Laudanum combined with castor oil


January 30 1814
Chapman on anthelmintic anthelmintics
are such medicines as are suited to destroy
or expel worms from the alimentary
canal the worms may be divided into two
classes the round and the flat of the round
class is the lumbricalis and ascarides of the
flat is the taenia Every disease to which
Children are incident are more or less aggravated from
the irritation of worms in the alimentary
canal the symptoms of worms in the
intestinal canal is a fever flushings
of the face pain of the bowels frequent
attacks of diarrhea the breath common
ly foetid sometimes a dry cough a frequent
packing of the nose
Among the most active remedies for
worms is purges of calomel and aloes


The next medicine that claims our 
attention is spigelia or pink root to be 
exhibited in powder or infusion the dried
root to be given in powder to the extent
10gr evening and morning in the in-
fusion an ounce of the root to be boiled
in a pint of water one third and given
to the extent of one ounce night & morning
this medicine to be administered with
caution as it is liable to bring on convul-
sions and spasm after administering the
pink root a sufficient length of time
a cathartic to be exhibited the next an-
thelmintic that claims our attention 
is the foetid hellebore the dried leaves
given in powder to the extent of 10gr.


I am next to say something of the as-
carides known by a continual itching 
of the anus among the most powerful 
remedies is a combination of calomel 
and aloes exhibited as a purge 1 oz or 
two drams of aloes dissolved in a pint 
of milk form an excellent injection 
an infusion of tobacco but among 
the most efficacious remedies is an 
injection of a solution of a tablespoon 
full of salt in half a pint of water 
the most difficult of the worms to expel is the taenia 
the most efficacious remedy in this are purges of 
calomel the cowhage is another well known 
remedy the oil of terebinth 2 oz


January 18th 1815
Chapman on Narcotics
These are the medicines which di-
minish the sensibility or irritability
of the system and thereby the motions
and power of motion in it they
are sometimes called Soporific or
Hypnotic medicines as they induce
that remarkable cessation of sense and
motion in which sleep consists
we must conclude from our observations
that the operation of those medicines
is upon a matter in common with 
the whole nervous system From 
many phenomena it appears that the 
mobility of the nervous fluid 
may be more or less at different times 
and particularly that it may be affected 
on these restrict by external bodies 


applied to the nerves Such then we con-
ceive to be the operation of Narcotic
medicines that they diminish the
mobility of the nervous Power.
It is proper to observe that the effects of our
narcotics appears first in those functions 
in which the mobility of the nervous fluid ad-
mits the most readily of a change that 
is the animal functions in the cessation
of which sleep consists Narcotics when first
exhibited excite the functions both of body and
mind the force and frequency of the pulse
is increased this operation of narcotics it has 
been difficult to explain but it seems neccessa
-ry to assign some other cause than the
direct stimulant power of the substance
applied and it appears to be that resist-
ance and consequent activity


Which the animal economy is suited
to oppose to every application which
has a tendency to hurt it this power
is called the conservatrix et Medicatrix
natural we therefore conclude upon the
while that the operation of Narcotics is
always directly sedatively
Of the class of Narcotics the first medicine
that claims our attention is opium in
the employment of this medicine in
intermittent fevers it should be ex-
hibited about half an hour before the
expected paroxysm the most useful
preparation of opium is a Dover’s powder
given in order to produce relaxation
of the surface some writers assert
the opium should never be employed


in the plegmasiae when venesection
is demanded as a general rule this is
certainly a good one. Opium has a bad
effect in the incipient pneumonia. when
it is to be exhibited in this disease as
in the middle stage as it always has a
tendency to stop the excretion of mucus
on the bronchia it should be given in
combination with some expectorant
[illegible] 2dr. of liquorice. 1 dr of Antimonial
wine of water 3oz. in parapneumonia
after the inflammation has subsided
2dr of Nitric acid 8dr. of water and 
Laudanum in proportion in the dose
of a table spoonful every hour in
Rheumatism this medicine is not to be


administered until the evacuating plan
has been carried to a great extent opium
exhibited alone never fails to aggravate
all the symptoms of this disease in sec-
ondary syphilis Opium combined with Mer
cury is of the first importance opiates
in retrocedent gout never fail to produce
salutary effects in uterine flooding opium
is of eminent service. in all the nervous
affections some writers assert that this medicine
is of service from any anon practice I can
say but little in its favor Except in that
variety called tetanus Opium exhibited in
large doses may be found of benefit
In the cure of Mania proceeding from drunkenness
the opium exhibited in the doses of 4gr. with a cor-
responding dose of Camphor will be found of
eminent service given to the extent of 60 or 70 daily


Next to opium as a diffusible stimulus
and one of the most importance is the 
Volatile alkali this medicine is used
in nervous affections during the first
stage of syphilis of the inflammatory
symptoms exist with delirium the
volatile alkali has best be deferred until
those symptoms have subsided the or-
dinary dose is 5gr every 3 hours 1 dram
of gum arabic 1dr of volatile alkali
of water 5oz this med. is much employed
in intermittent fever to be given before
the accession of the hot stage in the
Pyrosis or water brash this is an
excellent remedy in that gastric
affection of the stomach called the side
head ash the ammonia given in moderate
doses gives immediate relief


January 25 1815
Camphor this substance is obtained from
a tree called the laurus camphora what
we employ is chiefly the growth of Japan
its operation seems to be entirely sedative
and we take its being of that kind of the
stomach itself which occasions the indi
gestion of food which is constantly observed
after its exhibition in a large dose. in the
exhibition of camphor the force and fre-
quency of the pulse is not increased
February 25 1815
Dorsey on the venereal
the period at which this disease be-
gan has been the subject of much
dispute it has been supposed
that Columbus’ followers brought


it from Hispaniola to Europe
Some authors declare that gonorr
hoea never produce chancre Dorsey
supposes this to be a doubtful position
Women with gonorrhoea have
been known to communicate chan-
cre to the men
Mr hunter made an experiment
in which he made a puncture on
the penis and introduced gonorr-
hoeal matter a chancre was the
result Experiments prove uncon-
testably the matter of gonorrhoea
to be only a modification of that
of Chancre


from facts brought forward I conclude
that the matter of gonnorrhoea and chan
cre are only modifications
Dorsey on gonorrhoea in men the 
Urethra is the seat of the disease
in woman the vagina and urethra
in general two or three days elapse
after contamination before the
disease makes its appearance some
times only a few hours before the
discharge comes on inflammation
supervenes attended with an itching
of the glans penis which extends
along the urethra a burning pain
the glans penis inflamed and appears
polished on the external surface
after the inflammatory symptoms
have run high chordee frequently
recurs the matter discharged


Dorsey Dorsey
on
inflammation
Dorsey’s theory of inflammation the increased redness
arises from the dilation of the small vessels which
become sufficiently capacious to admit the red globules
to admit the red globules in large quantities on the
generation of new vessels the swelling seems to de
pend on the dilatation of the vessels to the plethora
state of the arteries and veins to the exudation
of coagulating lymph in the cellular substance
to the interruption of absorption.
Treatment of Inflammation.
By the Antiphlogistic Regimen Evacuate
Bleeding near the part affected Blisters
applied to the different parts purging nauseas
doses of emetics The patient to have an abstemious diet
Burns & Scalds
Dorsey gives 3 different degrees the first is separation
of the cuticle the 2d is ulceration the 3d mortification
effects
The 1st degree when of considerable extent is attended
with great danger in the last state shiverings & hectic fever
Treatment when inflammation runs high the antiphlogistic plan
when there is danger of mortification strengthening medicine & stimulants the
local applications are linen dipt in spirit of wine oil & lime water carbon
the Basilic ointment. Dorsey disapproves of the
use of cotton.   


Dorsey on wounds of the veins
Wounds of the veins not attended with any
serious consequences except from the hemorrhage
the internal coat the seat of inflammation ad-
hesions forming produced by bloodletting
the wound not healing by the first intention
Extravasation in the cellular texture
Treatment in cases of slight inflamma-
tion bringing the sides of the orifice in contact
and compression applied immediately over it
the application of Blisters
The matter discharged  in gonorrhoea
is generally of a yellowish colour some-
times mixed with blood inflammations
sometimes attacks prepuce and occa-
sions phymosis the inflammation begins
at the glans penis and extends along
the urethra sometimes the bladder
and even the kidneys become





July 12 1814
Chapman on tonics
Those are medicines that exercise
a wide dominion over the animal
economy and as their excitement
is gradual it goes off gradually
and is not succeeded by increased
debility the first and certainly the
most important of those medi-
cines that I shall mention is the
Peruvian bark of which there are
several species of which the yel-
low is the best when obtained pure
in the administration of bark in
the intermittent fever the earlier


it is given the bitter in order to pre-
pare the system for the operation of
the bark Cathartics and Emetics
are to be administered to throw off
peccant matter contained in the
stomach or intestines besides this
Evacuation venesection is sometimes
imperiously demanded in intermit-
tent fever before the exhibition of the
bark it is supposed that during the
cold stage congestions of the blood vessels
of the liver and other viscera take place
the bark to be discontinued during the
accession of the hot stage
the usual way of administering the bark
is in powder the doses given are to


in general are from one to two drams
sometimes the great irritability of the
stomach will not admit of the use
of the bark even in the smallest dose
the infusion given in conjunction with
the polygala seneca may then be em-
ployed with advantage the bark is
inadmissible in the synocha on inflame-
matory fever when the gout or Rheu-
mastism takes on the intermittent
form the bark may be employed
with advantage in passive hae-
morrhagy the following prescription
is sometimes employed bark [illegible] ounce a
Aqua Calus put 1 in dyspepsia the bark 
combined with preparations of iron
is the remedy


the bark consists of tannin gallic
acid gum and resin the bark is
generally given in substance or in
some fluid milk is the best
the infusion is made by putting
one dram in a pt. of boiling water the
dose is according to circumstances
the decoction is made by boiling an
hour and a half 2oz of the bark in a 
pint of water in a bottle put in wa-
ter the dose is a wine glass full
every 2 hours when it cannot be
kept on the stomach the bark
may be entangled in mucilage of
starch and be given as an enema


Feb. 17

and tranquilizing the stomach
the decoction to be given to the
extent of [illegible] an ounce.
Colombo as a tonic next deserves
our notice to be exhibited in
Powder tincture and extract in the
decoction the virtue being lost
it should not be employed
The next article I shall mention is the
hiroma centaurium our forests supplies
us with two kinds of bark the cornus
florida on dog-wood and the common
ned willow this is a valuable bark
it grows exclusively in swamps
the dog wood is used as a

substitute for the peruvian bark to
be exhibited in the same form
and dose I next shall mention
the prunus virginianis or common
wild
cherry tree of this country of late
years the bark has acquired con-
siderable reputation in curing
intermittent and remittent
fever I have also experienced its
good effects in phthisis pulmonalis
it will restrain diarrhea attending
hectic fever in the exhibitions of the 
bark for the cure of intermittent fe-
ver it is to be given in the form
intermissions of paroxysm
I shall next lay before you 

an account of the different preparations
of iron those are certainly some of the
most important articles of the
Materia Medica in its operation
iron evinces all the effects of a permanent
tonic under the use of iron the color
of the blood becomes more florid
it invigorates the system
it is In the discussion of the
Metallic tonics the next that of-
fers itself is copper as a medicine
copper is not employed in the crude
state the sulphate of copper or
blue vitriol given in the dose of
1gr. is employed in intermittent
fever 1gr dissolved in an oz of water
forms an excellent injection in effect 

Cuprum ammoniacum is another
preparation of copper to be employ
ed in Epilepsy copper might be ad-
vantageously employed in dropsy
copper combined with acetic acid
forms verdigris or the acetate of
copper this forms an escharotic
the preparations of zinc are emp
loyed as a tonic the flowers of zinc
to be employed in epilepsy the white
vitriol in nervous and spasmodic af
fections in epilepsy 2gr of the
white vitriol 10gr valerian 13 of the
Peruvian bark forms an excellent
prescription


as an injection in gonorrhoea 8gr.
of the white vitriol 10gr of the sugar
of lead a ounce of the gum arabae
and 8oz of water the lapis calima 
nalis mixt with Armenian boles in
equal proportions is an excellent ap-
plication in the chafings and excori-
ations of children I must next treat 
of this precious metals the first of which
I shall mention is silver the only
preparation employed in medicine
I shall next speak of gold it may
be employed in minute division in the
form of an oxide and also the muriate
of gold these preparations in said to cure 
warts chancres lues venera

Among the acids the most important
tonic is the sulphuric acid it is
chiefly employed in the form of
our Elixir vitriol it is employed
in haemorrhagies externally applied
of forms an escharotic 
In itch 1 ounce of the sulphuric acid to
an ounce of lard of 1 ounce to a quart
of water will cure the most invertible 
itch I shall next proceed to
speak of arsenic this is never employ
ed in its crude state when exposed
to a high temperature it becomes
oxidated the oxid made into pills
the dose 1/8 or 1/8 of a grain

Fowlers solution
The most common way of
exhibiting this medicine is in the
form of Fowlers solution the dose
from 10 to 15 drops or in the
form of the arsenate of potash
the dose from 1/8 to 1/10 of a grain 
I have always prescribed Fowlers
solution when the arsenic is to be pre-
scribed alone the oxid when employed
in combination with some other
article in intermittent the arsenic
is of the first importance when the
intermittent borders on typhus or
there is any dropsical symptoms
the arsenic is not to be employed

This medicine compared to the
Peruvian bark is decidedly inferior
In its operation arsenic is exceedingly
prompt and if it should not show
its good effects at the end of three
days it should be discontinued
it has been considered well adapted to
acute Rheumatism associated with
intermittent fever this medicine
has been recommended in nervous
diseases tetanus arising from wounds
this medicine in the form of Fowlers
solution combined with laudanum
is recommended it is employed
in healing obstinate ulcers

by being given internally
and applied to the ulcer
Geranium maculatum or the spotted
geranium grows spontaneously in
all parts of Pennsylvania it
is an excellent remedy in haemor
-rhagy in chronic dysentery and
Diarrhoea




1819
June 18th
Received of Doctor Joseph Griffith Eight
Dollars & Twenty four cents in full of
ale demands [illegible]
Thos. Garrett James








































Barton on stimulants
Stimulants of use in all diseases of debility. Leeches 
ranks among the stimulants administered in tetanus
in affections of the eustachian tube in congestions
of the blood vessels of the head in amaurosis
Dialagogues producing Salivation mercury the 
principal Salivant administered internally by be-
ing taken into the circulation Mercury acts by chan-
ging the action of the parts to which it is applied
or by exciting a new action different from that
created by the venereal virus received into the
Circulation This is Hunters theory of the action of mercury
Sallivation produced by fumigation the cinnabar
of Mercury to be used for the purpose. In order
to prepare the system for the action of Mercury
the different Evacuants are to be employed viz. 
Bloodletting, purging, by stimulating sinapses
& by putting the patient in the warm bath.
Expectoration is produced by
such medicines as promote the discharge
from the lungs, the alliacea generally speaking are
Expectorants Coffee in particular constitutions Bartons
theory of gums being expectorant by rendering the discharge
more tenacious the thinner parts are absorbed

Emetics Ipecacuanha generally speaking has the
Power of throwing off noxious substances intro-
duced into the stomach, it generally operates in a
short time. An application to the abdomen
of a poultice of tobacco & vinegar produces
immediate vomiting useful in throwing off Poisons
Received in the stomach
In inflammation of the abdominal viscera Emetics are
Contraindicated. Action of Cathartics
Cathartics increase the secretions of Bile of the Pancreas
the small vessels that empty upon the inner surface intestines
During the action of Cathartics irritability is
increased & perception is more acute
In different fevers Cathartics are of considerable
benefit & also in apoplexy some of the Cathartics
particularly Sulphur of use in haemorrhoidal
affections in uterine haemorrhagy
Diaphoretics
Diaphoretics or sudorifics are such medicines as 
promote perspiration or increase the secretion
by the skin They are of pecular benefit in the
Rheumatism in retrocedent gout in the
disease of diabetes in cases of Calculus. Diaphoretics
generally speaking have more certain effects given in the morning
Dover’s powders, formed of Ipecacuanha Opium & nitre. given in gout

Emmenagogues are such med
-icines as promote the menstrual discharge
and are suited to most diseases of the uterus
the whole class of Bitters rubia tinctorum
the most stimulating are aristolochia ser
-pentaria oil of Savine tincture of hellebore
or Melampodium Valeriana officinalis from
the Mineral kingdom the different prep
-arations of Iron & those are all of great ability 
in obstruction or retention of the menses
the Cold bath, frictions, Emetics & Cathartics
are often of considerable service of the diuret
ics, digitalis is the most powerful Emmenagogue.
Emmenagogues are of most service ad-
ministered a few days before the Catamenia are
expected to make their appearance.
Barton on the Practice
Barton on fevers that all fevers are com
prehended in one genus the symptoms
attending fever is a sense of coldness 
especially on the extremities the coldness  

Barton’s Lectures. Nov. 29th 1814
The coldness to be considered as a sensation
although there is in reality a slight
diminution of heat especially on the 
Extremities this coldness generally comes
on with a stupor a change in the circulate
is a concomitant of fever a quickness
of the pulse seldom under 92. the
paroxysm of cold followed by that of heat
Increase of heat not to be considered as
a sensation as there is a preternatural
heat at the time existing attended with
a frequency of pulse the heat never ex
-cedes 112 degrees debility the effects of all
fevers a sediment found in the urine
particularly in intermittents resembling
brick dust this is what is called the
lateritious sediment spontaneous sal
-livation sometimes occur in fevers and
its salutary effects

Of Particular fevers. an intermittent
fever consists of Paroxysms which are suc-
ceded by apyrexia the different forms or va-
rieties of intermittent fever are the quotidian
tertian and quartan the double quotidian or
that form in which there are 2 hot fits and
thus Cold in the course of 24 hours this is to be
rather considered as a Remittent the intermit-
tent generally consists of 3 stages the Cold
the hot and the sweating Death during the
Continuance of the Cold stage seldom occurs
Except in old persons there are 2 distinctions
of intermittent the vernal and autumnal
the vernal generally speaking attended with 
a phlogistic diathesis the autumnal at-
tended with putrid symptoms and having more
propensity to run into typhus Vernal in-
termittent sometimes produce salutary effects on the
system by removing nervous affections Rheumatism
Gout and congestions of the viscera but it is agreed
on all hands that they do more harm than good


Bartons Lectures Dec.. the 1st 1814
favorable symptoms of intermittent fevers
are spontaneous Sallivation Eruptions about
the mouth affections of the Parotid gland
cutaneous eruptions attended with itching.
The unfavorable symptoms are a dryness 
of the skin diminution of the quantity of urine
abscesses in the groin especially in the beginning
Causes of fever
Miasmata arising from putrid bodies
Idio Miasmata exhalation of living Bodies
Bartons Method of treating intermittent
fevers In the Exhibition of barks they should
be given in combination with a small por-
tion of opium in order to prevent it
from running off by stoll. a small porti-
on of Calomel combined with the barks is
in some cases of service. the External ap
plication of bark to the abdomen in some
cases of considerable benefit there are
several barks though not so certain in
their effects can be substituted for the


Cinchona-officinalis viz. the salix-alba
the cornus or common Dogwood the terra
japonica a remedy in intermittents prep-
arations from the Mineral kingdom
vitra of album or white vitriol Flores Lince
Blue vitriol of the preparations of iron the
Carbonate of iron of service particularly 
in enfeebled Constitutions but of all the rest
arsenic is of the most effectual service
given in the form of the mineral solution 
in the dose of 5 drops but if it should not
show its salutary effects at the end of 3 days
the administration of it to be discontinued
the arsenic to be exhibited only in such
intermittents as are attended with an in-
crease of arterial action of the saline
preparation Alum in the most efficacious
given in the dose of 3gr. 3 times in 24 hours
Treatment the Exhibition of opium in the
dose of 2gr. in order to prevent the chill
application of blisters to the ancles and


wrists sinapisms &c. this plan to be pursued
of before the accession of the Cold stage.
During the hot stage tonics is generally
speaking hurtful by increasing the arterial
action. this is most favorable time for the
Exhibition of arsenic the acetate of lead
may also given with advantage during 
the fit opium administered cautiously may
shorten the fit alleviate head-ache and 
procure refreshing sleep Barton in most
cases disapproves of the use of opium
Neutral salts nitre combined with anti-
monials in order to procure sweating
Barton on continued fevers continued
fevers may arise from marsh miasmata
Idio miasmata or the exhalation of living
Bodies a frequent cause of continued fever
synocha typhus and synochus to be considered
as one genus.
Barton considers nervous fever as a
term applicable to the typhus the


Nervous system being much affected in
most cases from the beginning the symptoms
of typhus are small pulse and weak the
urine in small quantity and turbid the
typhus generally attended with but little
increase of heat the symptoms go on gra
dually increasing for several days when the
patient is confined to bed with difficult breath
-ing anxiety vertigo pain of the head a wrin
ging of the ears pain about the temples
the typhus and yellow fever may
be considered as nearly of the same nature
the most distinguishing mark is that in
the latter acute inflammation of
the eye generally takes place while in the
former the inflammation is chronic as the
symptoms advance great prostration of
strength a sensation of pressure of the chest
pains of the back and limbs the state of the
tongue dry and covered with a crust resem
-bling brick dust.


resembling in colour red chalk with the skin in
general parched petechia or eruptions of the
skin of a purple colour it then assumes
the name of spotted fever the breath the urine
and the stools become foetid.
The favorable symptoms are a gentle di-
arrehoea a gentle diaphoresis abscesses in
the groin and of the parotid gland. deafness 
when accompanying the last stage.
unfavorable symptoms a violent diarrhea
gangrenous patechia the eyes much inflamed
the tongue covered with aphthae of a dark colour
Sir John Pringle has taken notice of 3
stages of typhus fever Barton considers
this as a necessary division.
The first stage is when the symptoms go
on gradually increasing before the patient
is confined to bed.
The 2nd stage when the symptoms have increased
considerably patient confined to bed


The third stage the pulse sinks very low
attended with delirium pain of the head
gangrenous patechia.
Barton’s treatment of typhus fever
Tartar emetic given in moderate doses
arrests the progress of the disease, diaphoretic
mild Cathartics, Castor oil in some stimulating 
vehicle, rheubarb a slight sallivation of
beneficial effects.
2d stage slight Bloodletting particularly when
peritoneal  inflammation exists Emetics
of use in the 2d stage when attended with
nausea to be exhibited in moderate doses opium
when the disease is attended with delirium,
subsultus tendinum & may be considered an excellent
remedy Barton’s favorite medicine
and one that he supposes to be peculiarly a
-dapted to this disease is the volatile alkali
or ammonia this medicine is adapted to an
irritable state of the stomach. Camphor in
Combination with opium Camphor externally ap-
plied in petechiae or eruptions of the skin


musk may be exhibited as a diaphoretic
and anodyne with considerable advan-
tage. when the breasts are very much af
fected asafoetida of benefit in the dose
of from 50 to 60gr. in the 24 hours.
Peruvian Bark when the disease assumes
an intermittent form port Wine of berry
wine and injections of wine whey into
the intestines When more powerful
Stimulus are required Brandy of
the most beneficial effects.
tincture cantharides sometimes of marked
advantage sinapisms or mustard plasters
composed of 1 part of flour of Mustard 3
of flour and mixed with vinegar applied
to the wrists and ancles affusion of cold
water of benefit not to be applied in the sweat
ing stage a solution of corrosive sublimate
in brandy applied to the breast by means of 
sponges in difficult breathing.


Dec. 20 1814
Barton on phlegmasia or
Inflammatory diseases the general symp
toms are pulse frequent strong and
hard the urine of a reddish colour
Treatment the Antiphlogistic plan
Evacuations Bleeding purging diaphoretics
Rheumatism
Causes Miasmata application of cold
when the body has been healed Rheu-
matismus Metallicus or that arising
from working different metals
a frequent cause of acute Rheumatism
is the sudden suppression of Evacuations
particularly the flux of gonorrhoea
this variety to be cured by renewing the
discharge from the urethra. predisposing
Causes violent exertion of muscles
animal diet large evacuation the
Pyrexia accompanying Rheumatism
attended with an exacerbation in the 
evening


Mild sweating commonly accompanies
this disease.
The Chronic Rheumatism
Which when attended as it commonly
is with but slight fever Barton styles
Pyrexia subnulia. in the chronic the
application of heat abating pain while
in the acute it increases pain the pyrexia
subnulia attended with a difficulty of mov-
ing the limbs affected, Some writers as-
cribe this disease to an acrimony of the
fluids Barton admits of the prob-
ability of this. Treatment of acute
Rheumatism as this is attended with
an inflammatory diathesis the
antiphlogistic plan. vegetable diet
Cathartics Diaphoretics Calomel in
Combination with Jalah the saline
purgatives are deemed highly efficacious 

Topical Bloodletting Barton prefers
Cathartics as Bloodletting is liable
to cause a Metastasis of the disease to
the internal parts the Exhibition
of Nitre is recommended in this dis
ease in the dose of half a Drachm
after Bloodletting a small dose of opium 
in order to alleviate pain a valuable
diaphoretic in this disease is Dover’s
powders formed of Opium Ipecacuanha &
Nitre Mercurials by exerting a slight
salivation prepare the constitution for
the reception of medicines. Arsenic an
important remedy in acute rheumatism
this to be considered as specific. it is of
peculiar benefit in rheumatism of the
Chest the dose from 5 to 10 drops 3
times in 24 hours administration of
bark during the apyrexia.


Barton’s treatment of Anthrodynia
or Chronic Rheumatism. this Dr.. Cullen
supposes to depend upon an atony or loss
of action in the muscular fibres and blood
vessels. Guiacum combined with gum-
arabae in water is considered as a
valuable medicine. The volatile tincture
this medicine acts
as a purgative and mild diaphoretic
the balsams produce salutary effects by
their stimulating powers. a preparation
of 1oz. of turpentine ½ oz. of sugar ½ oz
of gum arabae yolk of an egg a
table spoon full to be administered 4 times
in 24 hours. the volatile alkali.
Mustard seed not to be considered among
those remedies of the least importance it operates
as a diffusible stimulus. external appli-
cations of Camphore frictions &c.
Electricity of considerable benefit in
Chronic rheumatism of the local ap-
plications Blisters is the most valuable


Decr.. 26th 1814
Barton on Nephritis or inflamma-
of the kidney a disease attended with py-
rexia. with pain in the region of the
kidney the pain shooting along one or 
other of the ureters frequent passing
of urine. this disease frequently attending
gout and Rheumatism. the fever attending
this disease of the nature of synocha
vomiting attending the nephritis vera
Remote Causes
Falls or blows on the loins violent
riding. Barton considers as a remote cause
Aerids taken into the circulation and
carried to the kidneys such as tincture
Canth. digitalis etc. sometimes the sud-
den retrocession of gout from the inferior
Extremities The favorable symptoms
in this disease a large discharge of ur-
ine of a black colour


Profuse Evacuations of the haemorrhoids
vessels. Treatment
Bleeding both general and topical
Cathartics large quantities of mild drinks
a watery infusion of the ura-ursi blis-
ters applied over the region of the kidney
Opium may sometimes be administered
with advantage sinapisms to the
lower Extremities when it arises from
retrocedent gout
Barton on Cystitis or
inflammation of the bladder
known by pain of the part this is gener
ally attended with fever difficult frequent
and painful making water
the cause of this disease Barton
principally ascribes to the excessive use
of diuretics digitalis Cantharides etc.
Treatment large and repeated bleedings fomentions
of the part the temperate use of foxglove in
ischemia or suppression of urine



Decr. the 26 1814
Barton on hepatitis or inflammation of
the Liver a disease attended with pyrexia
pain in the right hypochondriac region
generally obtuse difficulty of breathing
distention of the right hypochondriac
region a dry cough attending this dis-
ease a yellowness of the shin frequently
takes place the remote causes
This disease is sometimes induced by
Gold applied so as suddenly to check per-
spiration fracture of the skull frequent
by produces this disease Barton supposes
this to be owing to the sympathy exist-
ing between those parts This disease may
terminate in three viz. resolution suppuration
and gangrene when the disease terminates 
by resolution it is owing to a large evacu-
ation of blood from some part or other the
right nostril for instance when the dis-
ease terminates by suppuration sometimes
owing to adhesive inflammation having


taken place between the liver and diaphragm 
abscesses have been formed and the pus
has been discharged by the bronchia some
times it is discharged by the biliary ducts
Treatment bleeding largely and
repeatedly of the symptoms should not
abate applications of blisters to the part
purgatives in this disease are important
remedies Enemata afford considerable relief
Digitalis of benefit in this disease
Barton considers mercury as a medicine
of the first importance this medicine by
producing a slight salivation is attended
with the most salutary effects this medi-
cine not to be administered until the
inflammatory symptoms have been
subdued by evacuations. The bark has
been found beneficial when the Pyrexia 
which is a concomitant of this disease
assumes an intermittent form


Decr. the 24 1814
Barton on Icterus or Jaundice
this disease generally accompanied with
fever attended with a yellow colour of the
skin and eyes the urine of an observe red
colour the variety of jaundice that de
-pends upon a stone in the biliary passages
known by an acute pain of the parts par-
ticularly after eating this is the most
frequent form Barton has however na-
med several other varieties this disease
is generally attended with a costive habit
and the serum of the blood of a yellow colour
The most frequent causes of this disease
are obstructions in the biliary passages
& the most frequent cause of those obstruct-
tions are caculi in the biliary ducts
this variety Barton designates by the
term of icterus Calculosa jaundice may
also arise from worms passing from the


Duodenum to the biliary passages sometimes
the disease arises from spasmodic constric-
tions of the biliary passages when the
disease arises from this cause it is irreg-
ular in its symptoms. a jaundice may
arise from the absorption of bile from the
alimentary canal the bile may be forced
into the extremities of the hepatic veins
by a regurgitation and carried into the
vena-cava Treatment
Bleeding of considerable benefit when
the patient experiences great pain
and irritation of the parts from the pas-
sage of a calculi
Barton considers cathartics as of the first
importance in this disease jalap combined
with Calomel to be employed in this
disease when it arises from worms
in the biliary passages Emetics are
found to relieve the symptoms


Ipecacuanha to be preferred considerable
benefit will sometimes be derived from
putting the patient into the warm
bath during the operation of the
Emetic. Blisters applied to the region
of the liver mercurials employed so as to
produce a salivation in the form of Calomel
has been found to contribute much to the
cure of the disease Barton recommends in
some cases the volatile alkali the muriatic
acid has been employed by some practitioners
and found to be of singular benefit
Barton recommends Opium also the
external application of laudanum to
to the region of the liver


Decr. the 29th 1814
Barton’s Lectures
Phelgmasiae of the thoracic viscera
On Pleurisy and Peripneumonia as these
two varieties differ very little in their symp-
toms and the treatment is nearly the same
Barton considers it unnecessary to treat of
them separately he has accordingly treated of
them together at the same time attending
to the symptoms by which you may distinguish
them asunder; Peripneumonia attended
with fever of the inflammatory kind, sy-
nocha; the pain of the obtuse kind, the pulse
soft, the face flushed, a sensation of the stricture
of the breast. Pleurisy
A fever of the inflammatory kind pungent
pain of the side, dry cough; the pain in-
creased by inspiration the pulse hard in
all inflammations of the breast this
disease may terminate in 3 different ways


When the disease terminates by res-
olution it is in consequence of a large
Expectoration having taken place, or
an Evacuation of blood from different
parts may supply the place of an Expec-
toration The Symptoms of suppuration
having taken place is an abatement of pain
dry cough sweatings of the head and neck
difficulty of breathing continues when this
pus is discharged into the cavity of the
thorax it occasions Empyema  the dis-
ease sometimes terminates by a serous
effusion into the cavity of the thorax
constituting hydrothorax.
Predisposing causes. among those may
be named a laborious Exercise in the
open air, a rheumatic habit the sudden
application of Cold to the body when overheated
Miasmatic Exhalation whatever heats and stimu-
lates the system. 


The unfavorable symptoms in this dis-
ease are a violent pyrexia from the first
beginning a frequent and violent cough
aggravate the symptoms and as a free
discharge from the lungs is sufficient of-
ten for the cure of this disease a dry cough
may be reckoned among the unfavorable symp
toms when a delirium comes on in the ear-
ly part of the disease it denotes great danger
when the disease continues beyond the 14th
day it generally terminates by supparation
Treatment
The indications of cure in this disease is pre-
cisely the same as in all inflammatory fevers
the Antiphlogistic plan to be obser-
ved in the management of this disease the
first remedy to be employed is bleeding the
necessity of Bloodletting in part may be superseded
by the early application of blisters but
bleeding largely and repeatedly is one


of the most Effectual remedies immedi-
ately after the application of a large blister
to the thorax a second bleeding should be
performed in order to counteract the slight
irritation produced in the system and which
is always a consequence of the application
of blisters. Purging are remedies of the next
importance the saline salts are in most
cases preferable owing to their refrigerant
nature sometimes more powerful Cathartics
are necessary such as calomel combined
with Jalap gamboge etc.
Barton recommends digitalis in this disease
its operation in reducing the arterial circulation
it is of peculiar benefit when the disease is expelled
to terminate in dropsical effusions. inhaling the steam
of warm water impregnated with vinegar is sometimes
of peculiar benefit in promoting expectoration Emetics
can be advantageously employed in the variety of this
disease called biliary pleumonia. barks employed when
the pyrexia assumes an intermittent form.


January the 2d 1814
Barton on Cynanche or inflamma
tions of the fauces of which there are
five species a Disease attended with Parusia
not always of the inflammatory kind those five
varieties are so nearly allied Dr. Barton thinks
it unnecessary to trial of them separately Cynan-
che parotidea principally affecting the ton
sils and mucous membrane lining the
fauces to be treated by astringent gargles
principally a decoction of oak bark and
allum when the inflammation extends
over the contiguous parts and into the Eso-
phagus it constitutes Cynanche pharyngea
to be treated by evacuations bleeding
Cathartics blistering etc. Cynanche parotidea 
attended with an external tumor of the par-
otid gland. in this disease Metastasis sometimes
takes place to the testicle in the male & 
to the mammae in the female it is attend
ed with lassitude and anxiety for several
days before the swelling commences


a difficulty of moving the jaw before the tu-
mor makes its appearance it is then at-
tended with pyrexia when Metastasis takes
place to the testicle there is an increase of
pyrexia great pain of the parts this dis-
ease is sometimes supposed to arise from
marsh-Miasmata, Treatment
When the disease tends to Metastasis
blisters to be applied over the parotid gland
Evacuations bleeding Cathartics etc.
sometimes the fever attending this dis-
ease assumes the form of typhus the
pulse sinks and the patient becomes
debilitated the plan of treatment is then
to be changed.
Cynanche trachealis sometimes termed
trachilis a [illegible] name indicating that the
trachea is principally affected this dis-
ease is also called croup and sometimes lives


Jan. 3rd 1815
a disease attended with difficult respiration
shrill cough the fever attending it a true
synocha, the voice much altered resembling
the barking of a young dog, deglutition
but little impeded. this disease comes on in
the form of a catarrh and continues several
days before the croup is formed the eyes are
swelled denoting the difficulty of respiration
and the face flushed in the course of this
disease spontaneous vomiting occurs frequently
but in general attended with good effects
Among the Remote causes of this
Disease Barton mentions cold and 
most Atmosphere Miasmatic exhalation
Sometimes worms produce this disease
by taking possession of the upper part
of the Esophagus and neighboring parts
and continued irritation


Jan 3d 1814
Barton on the treatment of Cynanche 
trachealis in the treatment of this disease
the first remedy to be resorted to in this dis-
ease is bloodletting it is unequivacably a dis-
ease of inflammation but bleeding is not
always necessary Barton mentions cases
in which the disease has done well without
venesection haying been practised topical
Scarifications blisters applied to the nape
of the neck sinapisms applied to the neck
Emetics in this disease are remedies of the
first importance in true inflammatory
croup the Emetics not to be exhibited until
after one venesection has been practiced.
The following are the emetics Chapman
recommends in this disease Ipecacuanha com-
bined with Calomel the calomel to operate as a
purgative after the operation of the Emetic has ceased
the antimonials Mustard etc.


Among the medicines of not the least
importance in this disease we must mention
the alliaceous plants in the form of the
juice or syrup which is rendered more
efficacious by being combined with
antimonials its operation as an
Expectorant. In stagnant cases of this dis-
ease Coffee is of eminent service
Cynanche Maligna and Scarlatina
those two diseases are nearly allied both
in form and symptoms Barton differs
from Cullen in this respect who consid-
ers them distinct disease the Cynanche
Maligna is an affection of the mucous
membrane lining the tonsils and fauces
attended with fever of the typhoid form
Scarlatina-anginosa, from the first
Beginning of this disease the patient


Janr the 4th A 1814
appears to be dejected by the 2d day the fever
increases with a difficulty of degluti-
tion on the morning of the 3d or 4th day
the patient’s face, neck, and breast, ap-
pears preternaturally red the tendency
to delirium is in proportion to the
redness of the eye the pulse during the
greater part of the disease is quick
small and feeble. In no disease is the
heat of the human body so much increa-
sed sometimes being as high as 112°
This disease affects us but once during our lives
Barton considers the cynanche par-
otidea as a modification of the Scarlatina
Treatment of scarlatina in the first
stage of this disease when it is attended
with but little inflammation the


Treatment is simple a light diet
weak wine whey in mild Cathartics
such as senna Castor oil in the first
beginning of this disease an Emetic
administered sometimes moderates the
disease in a remarkable manner
among the most valuable is the tur-
bith mineral in the 2d stage blisters
applied to the neck when the inflam
mation runs high is considered of Emi-
nent service the great heat of the skin
imperiously calls for the affusion of
cold water its efficacy is rendered more
certain by being combined with vingar and
applied by means of sponges anasarca accom-
panying this disease call for diuretics at the
decline of the disease Peruvian bark is found useful



Dr.. James’
There are 6 different presentations the
first when the child enters the cavity of the
pelvis with the anterior fontanel to the right
sacroiliac symphysis and the occiput to the left
acetabulum. The second presentation is when the
Child enters the cavity of the pelvis with the anterior
fontanel to the left sacroiliac symphysis.
The 3d presentation and the most difficult with the
os frontis to the convexity of the sacrum.
The 4th with the anterior fontanel just behind the
Right acetabulum. the 5th presentation with the
anterior fontanel to the left acetabulum, the 6th
and last presentation and one of the most dif-
ficult, is with the anterior fontanel to the 
Symphysis Pubis.
There are 4 different stages
of labour, the first is employed in opening
and dilating the internal orifice of the womb the
2d in the passage of the child’s head through the
bones. the 3d in dilating the external parts and the de-
livery of the child. the 4th in throwing off the
placenta






























January the 6 1814
Barton on the Exanthemata or erup
tive diseases of the skin under this order 
the first disease I shall mention is the Mea-
sles a contagious disease which almost univer-
sally begins with a cold fit the cold suc-
ceded by a hot stage attended with fever
the eyes more or less inflamed with a fre
quent discharge of tears attended with a
coryza and running at the nose attended
also with a dry cough the pyrexia con-
siderable especially before the Eruption
the Eruption making its appearance a-
bout the 4th day from the first commencement
of the Eruption fever the voice hoarse also
accompanied by a drowsiness the eruption
makes its first appearance on the


hands and face and from thence ex-
tends over the different parts of the Body
4 or 5 days on the 3d day the vivid redness
of the spots is turned to a brownish red
and in a day or two more the Eruption
entirely disappears a branny desquama
tion of the cuticle taking place
sometimes the disease passes off without
an eruption this Dr. Rush calls the
internal measles when the measles
occur in the spring in adults it predis-
poses the system to violent attacks of
the dysentery during the ensuing summer
and autumn when the patient has an
attack of the measles without the coryza
and Eruptions he is liable to a vi


violent attack of the true measles at a
future period of life.
Among the favorable symptoms of this
disease is a mild diarrhea a moist
skin, haemorrhagy from the nose an
early Expectoration
The unfavorable symptoms wasting
sweats deep redness of the skin pain of
the head and eyes after the Eruption
The history of this disease show it to be of
a phlogistic diathesis in the treatment
therefore the first remedy and one which
is strongly indicated is bloodletting large
ly and repeatedly especially in those who
are liable to attacks of pneumonia great
oppression of the breast calls for im-
mediate venesection


Bleeding in the first beginning of this
disease often brings out the Eruption much
sooner than what it otherwise would have
happened when the cough in measles is much
aggravated an opiate exhibited when there
in no contraindication will be found of
Eminent service in allaying the cough
Blisters are remedies of no small importance
in measles applied to the chest sinapisms
also to different parts are sometimes ben-
eficial purging in this disease unless the
inflammatory symptoms had best be
omitted Cold applied to the surface of the
body unless there is a tendency to [crossed out] 
phthisis pulmonalis is sometimes found of
service but the avoiding the extremes of ei-
ther heat or cold will be found best


January the 9th 1814.
Barton on small pox this disease is cal-
led variola by classical writers a disease at-
tended with fever commencing with some sym-
ptoms of a cold stage which is soon succeeded
by a hot stage and on the 3d day an Eruption
which continues until the 5th day and on the
8th day goes off leaving small pits or depres-
sions the symptoms of this disease are various
attended with considerable pain of the Epigas-
tric region great lassitude the pulse quick
the fever when the disease has been commu-
nicated by maculation generally makes its
appearance on the 8th day when in the cas-
ual way not until the 11th about the time
the pustules begin to crust on the surface
the patient may be considered in the great-
est danger this disease sometimes brings
on phthisis pulmonalis in those that are
predisposed to it


There are two varieties of this disease the
confluent and the distinct the nearer the dis-
ease approaches to the distinct form the less
danger is there to be apprehended Slight
Epileptic fits are reckoned among the
favorable symptoms it is admitted on all
hands that the disease is lighter in Children
than with adults among the unfavorable
symptoms are severe pains in any part
the fever of the fever of the typhoid form
the pustules filled with a bloody ichorous
matter; a shortness of breathing may be
reckoned among the most unfavorable symptoms





January 18th 1814
Barton on the phthisis pulmonalis
or pulmonary consumption. a disease 
attended with great Emaciation &
hectic fever cough and purulent expec-
toration the disease comes on gradually
with blue colour of the cheeks yellow
colour of the tunica adnata dyspnoea
particularly when employed in mount-
ain ascent a sensation of stricture of the
breast a discharge from the lungs of pus
mixed with blood the patient experiencing
pain on lying on the side. The blood
drawn in this disease exhibits the buffy 
coat so distinguishable in the phlegmasia
the strength gradually declines the hectic
fever does not long continue before


debilitating sweats comes on particularly
in the evening the urine high colour-
ed with a branny sediment a continual di-
latation of the pupils is an attendant of this
disease the face pale in this disease but [crossed out]
during the exacerbations a florid red and an
almost circumscribed spot appears on each
cheek. In the early part of the disease the pa-
tient is generally of a costive habit but to-
ward the latter part of the disease it is at-
tended with constant diarrhea. an
An ulcer of the lungs is one of the most
frequent causes of this disease although hae-
moptisis may terminate in this disease
but it frequently occurs and terminates fa-
vorably particularly in those that have
not a predisposition to the disease



Tubercles are reckoned among the most
frequent causes of this disease ulceration
is sometimes the consequence of the rupture
of vessels in the substance of the lungs
after pus is formed the patient is affected
with cold shiverings the cough continues the
same sometimes the matter is discharged
into the cavity of the thorax constituting
Empyema sometimes when the disease depends
upon a vomica it terminates favorably
the vomica bursting and the matter discharged
by the mouth by this we see that the
recovery from vomica is by no means
rare inflammation of the liver some-
times causes this disease owing to the
sympathy existing between those parts
or adhesions forming betwixt the


liver and diaphragm the matter dis-
charged into the cavity of the thorax causes
or produces this disease a long existing sy-
philis may produce all the phenomena
of the true phthisis pulmonalis even in
those that are not predisposed to it
Flax dressers stone cutters and Millers
are liable to pulmonary complaints pertus-
sis or Whooping cough may be considered
a frequent cause of this disease
Barton considers it a difficult question
to decide whether this disease is infectious
or not Many respectable authors assert that
a predisposition to this disease may be
it is contagious [crossed out]
discovered by an acute sensibility frequent
haemorrhages from the nose in early life
a slender habit with long neck


Superficial blue veins frequent hoarseness 
on exposure to cold. phthisis pulmonalis may
be considered a disease incident to northern
climes very few cases occurring in the
southern states
Treatment &c
this may be considered one of the most dif-
ficult diseases we have to deal with if any
disease may be considered incurable it is
phthisis pulmonalis this disease requires
very different methods of treatment it
is our duty to watch with attention the
approach of this disease and prevent it
from gaining ground or it will inevita-
bly prove mortal we should not consider
our patient safe as long as there is a



vestige of pain or any of the symptoms
remaining as catarrh may be considered
a frequent remote cause of this disease it
should always be attended to especially in
those who have a predisposition to phthisis
pulmonalis and the proper methods of treat
ment should be rigorously observed. Opiates
Anthiphogistic regimen &c. When the
disease arises from catarrh the diet and
employment of the necessary exercise
change of climate &c. should be attended to
Mercurials employed with a view to excite
salivation is sometimes considered of service
Barton says he can say nothing in favor of
mercury from his own experience I have
found it of less service than Ipecacuanha
low diet and the vitriolic acid


Barton considers Mercury as deserving
of a trial Arsenic [crossed out] in the min-
eral solution given in the dose of 4 or 5 drops
3 or 4 times a day this medicine useful
in solving tubercles an abstemious diet
is recommended in all cases
Much has been said of the advantages
attending a free use of milk in the incip-
ient phthisis pulmonlais the prejudices
in favor of asses milk like a great mem-
ber more of our prejudices is without
foundation. Milk is in many cases too
nutritious a diet to be employed unless
sufficiently diluted or in the form of run-
net whey slight bloodletting by leeches
Digitalis is recommended by some authors


It may always be found useful by les-
sening arterial action and serve as an
auxiliary for the lancet blisters will
always be found remedies of the first
importance by averting the progress
of the disease the discharge to be kept up
by cabbage leaf the blisters to be applied
over the cavity of the thorax it is on all
hands agreed that the antimonials are not
calculated for this disease the vitriolic so-
lution of great utility in all cases of
pthisis pulmonalis of all the Emetics
Ipecacuanha is among the most important
I have been in the habit of using sacca
rum saturni in haemoptises and I be-
lieve I have reaped advantage from it
tar water of benefit in alleviating pain


January 20 1815
Barton on the Scrophula or king’s evil
tumors or swellings of the conglobate
glands particularly of the neck and
also swellings of the upper lip always
indicate a serophulous habit it seems
to be the prevailing opinion that this
disease arises from languor of the ab-
sorbent system and from which arises the swell
ling of the upper lip and under the eyes
a proof now well established is that this
disease is not contagious and from its
disagreeable nature is certainly a consolation
as this disease evidently arises from a weak-
ness and flaccidity of the system among
the first remedies for this disease
we should place that large


assortment of medicines called tonics or robo-
rants the bark claims our first attention the
native alder given very largely internally
and bathing the ulcers with the warm
infusion the acids are among the rem-
edies of the first importance in this disease
Bronchocele or in vulgar language called
guitar this disease particularly affects us
about the age of Puberty it is an affective
of the thyroid gland it is generally noticed
by a thickening of the parts this disease
is peculiarly incident to the western parts
of the union particularly the parts con-
tiguous to the lakes in South America
it is extremely common common
particularly in moist tracts of
Country


it has been generally supposed to be an
endemic in those tracts of country in which
the water is impregnated with a calca-
reous matter this disease has been ascribed
by some writers to the frequent use of
snow water this hypothesis at first view
appears plausible owing to the disease be-
ing so frequent in the alpine Countries
of Europe where the mountains are
covered with external snows.
Women are infinitely more subject
to this disease than men.


January 23 1815
Barton on the rachets or rickets
this disease may be supposed to arise 
from a deficiency of the earthly
matter in bones in the treatment
of this disease is attended with great dif-
faculty if suffered to run on too long
the first remedies in this disease is that
large assortment of medicines called
tonics this class can be used with the
greatest advantage the cold bath can
be employed with the greatest advantage
as a preventative the total exemption
of our Indians from this disease is
to be ascribed to their frequent
use of the Cold bath


The Peruvian bark has acquired great
reputation in this disease among the rest
of our remedies for this disease we must
not omit mentioning the salix alba
as a substitute for the Peruvian bark
or bathing in a strong decoction of
the salix alba with water is considered
an excellent remedy the various
preparations of Iron are considered
of importance in this disease blisters
have been too little employed in this
disease to be applied in the beginning
of the disease Cathartics and di-
uretics have been employed
with various success in this
disease


January 23 1815
Barton on dysentery this disease in the
Nosology should be placed immediately
after the fevers and Exanthemata this
the same causes which produce this disease
produces the fevers A contagious disease
attended with fever tenesmus and fre-
quent going to stool with a discharge
of mucus sometimes mixed with
blood when mucus alone it consti
tutes the dysenteria alba or what
may be called the true catarrh of the
intestines sometimes the disease comes
on with the ordinary symptoms of
intermittent fever. sometimes the dis-
ease comes on with a diarrhea it is
attended with loss of appetite the patient
not unfrequently throws up a quanti-


biliary Matter it is generally attend
-ed with fever of the intermittent kind
But sometimes of the typhoid form the
fever very when the fever attending
this disease is of the inflammatory
kind and is not treated with suitable
remedies a gangrene rapidly comes on
the matter voided is of a foetid smell
when the natural faeces appear owing
to the operation of Cathartics or some
other means they are in the form of
Scybala when these scybala have
been voided it procures a remissi-
on of the symptoms one symptom
of this disease which we must not
omit mentioning is that when any
thing has been swallowed the
patient feels an immediate in-
clination to go to stool


as if the food had passed immediately
through the intestines this is owing
to the very irritable state of the intes-
tines the d causes of dysentery differ
very little from that of fevers and in
enumerating the causes of one disease
you do of the other wise. marsh
Miasmata Idio Miasmata and the like
by in attention to cleanliness this
disease may be rendered highly
Destructive Barton contrary to
the greater number of Writers pre
tends to deny that this disease is con
tagious I believe the proximate of dysen
tery is a preternatural constriction –
of the colon 


Dysentery is sometimes entirely a
local disease but this in general is not
the case some have considered obstruc-
tion of perspiration as a proximate
cause in the dissections of bodies who
have died of this disease the diameter
of the vessels of the liver are uniform-
ly increased and abscesses are often
found in this important organ
Treatment perhaps no disease
requires such a variety of remedies
as this one but when it is complicated
as it often is with all the symptoms
of inflammatory fever venesection
is not to be deferred


In general the primary indication
for the cure of this disease is that
class of remedies called Cathartics
and those of the most benefit are the
Oleum ricini flowers of sulfur Calomel
Another very useful Cathartic in this
disease is the vitriolic solution of those 
by Enemata or glysters of various
kinds of singular benefit in this dis-
ease Emetics are another class of rem-
edies not to be dispensed with in the
treatment of this disease Ipecacuanha 
In whatever way this medicine op-
erates it is certainly of the first
importance to be given in combination
with a small quantity of opium this
to be given in the Dysenteria Cruentes 


Or that variety attended with a discharge
of blood Opium in this disease is of
considerable benefit I know not of
a single case in which I had to re-
gret the free use of opium the patient
previously to be evacuated by Cathartics
Practitioners have found considerable
benefit resulting from the free use
of blisters to be applied over the abdomen
a slight salivation by mercury is sometimes
of utility the Mercury to be given with
caution sometimes the Exhibition of Mer-
cury brings on a mortal haemorrhagy
from the intestines if it does not show
its good effects in a short time its


Exhibition to be discontinued when
the pyrexia attention & this disease assumes
the typhoid form Cathartics to be adminis-
tered with caution owing to the debility
which they produce anodyne and cor-
dial Medicines in this case are to be 
resorted to


James


After Dysentary the next medicine
that claims our attention disease that
comes under consideration is diarrhea
attended with frequent stools and sometimes
with pyrexia there are several varieties
of this disease vvs. diarrhea Mucosa
Diarrhoea biliosa besides more too
tedious to mention the same causes
which produce dysentery may also
produce this disease Treatment
when the pulse is [crossed out] frequent bleeding
is to be resorted to with advantage among
the remedies in this disease we must
not omit mentioning Astringents
the of which class the most important


is the terra japonica or kino a decoction
of galls ½ oz of the best galls to a pint
of water brandy 2 gill to be added Emetics
are sometimes found of infinite advantage
Absorbents are sometimes useful auxilia
ry medicines in this disease such as
the Magnesia lime water the operation 
of those medicines are to counteract
acidity prevailing in the intestines
What I have said of the use of
blisters in the dysentery is also app-
licable to diarrhoea


January 26th 1814
Barton on Cholera Morbus
This disease is attended with vomiting
and purging of bilious matter it is
truly a febrile disease in United States
it is almost entirely to the summer
season the disease for the most part
makes its attack suddenly the patient
suddenly attacked with violent vom-
iting and purging at first the pulse
is full and strong but soon becomes
low the patient debilitated
Treatment the most success-
ful practice consists in giving mild
tepid drinks viz. weak chicken broth
warm water &c.


After the intestines has been washed
out Opium is to be given Enemata
an infusion of linseed  is found of ben-
efit in some cases we must have
immediate recourse to opium
at other times stimulants are to be
resorted to such as sinapisms in ma-
ny cases of Cholera Morbus the warm
bath is to be employed in no disease
are stimulants called for work more
energy if the patient be of a full
habit and the pulse strong we are to employ
the lancet this will sometimes restr-
ain vomiting in the intermittent
Cholera Morbus bark is to be
employed


another variety of this disease which is
called Cholera Infantum and which
is confined to Infants differs but
little in its symptoms and in the
treatment from Cholera Morbus
the principal symptoms are preternat
ural heat of the head attended with de-
lirium and sometimes mania which is
manifested in some instances by the child
attempting to bite the nurse in the cure
of this disease mild tepid drinks are
to be employed when the stools are very
foetid mild cathartics and the early ad-
Acetate of lead given to the extent of 2oz 3gr in a day
ministration of opium will be found of ben-
efit application of brandy to the abdomen
the warm bath stringents &c. are of great benefit


January 27th 1814
Barton on dropsy by dropsy we
mean an effusion of serous fluid into
the different cavities of the body a
disease for the most part attended with
fever and of which there are several
varieties the first of which is Hydroce-
phalus. or dropsy of the brain
Hydrothorax or dropsy of the Chest 
Ascites or dropsy of the Abdomen
Hydrocele or dropsy of the testicle
and Anasarca or dropsy of the
Cellular Membrane.
The first of which I shall treat of
is Hydrocephalus or attended with
a swelling of the head a collection of
water principally in the ventricles
fever pains of the head


dilatation of the pupil the patient
drowsy the appetite impaired the
pulse in the early stage does not appear
much altered the face flushed par-
ticularly one side 


February 14 1815
Barton on haemorrhagies a disease
attended with pyrexia and profuse
discharge of blood of which there are
several species the of which I shall
mention is Epistaxis or bleeding
from the nose this disease in children
may be supposed to arise from pleth
ora of the arterial system in old peo
ple it may arise from a contrary
cause this disease in general an-
nounces itself by the following symp
toms throbbing pains of the head
flushings of the face the belly is
almost universally costive the
next bleeding I shall mention
is haemoptysis attended with


[crossed out] difficult breathing and cough the
haemoptysis often succeed Epistaxis
when this has ceased to recur this
disease may be considered hereditary
it generally comes on with a pain of
the thorax great heat of the chest
flushings of the face &c. announce
the approach of a discharge of blood
from the lungs the next species
of haemorrhagy I shall mention
and certainly one of the most dis-
tressing is haemorrhoids or piles
the first symptoms of this disease
is pain about the loins and anus
and attended with discharge of blood
and sometimes mucus from the
rectum


besides those already enumerated is
Hematuria or discharge of blood
from the urinary organs Haemata-
mesis or discharge of blood from the
stomach this sometimes may arise
from blood sent by the liver through
ductus communis into the duodenum
and discharged by the oesophagus
Melaena or a discharge of bloody matter
of the consistence of Molasses from the 
stomach or intestines
In the Treatment of haemorrhage 
blisters and setons are of the first
importance in haemorrhagies
purges are next to be reckoned remedies
of the least importance in this disease
Allum Combined with Opium is of
the considerable benefit



The neutral salts nitre &c. is of considerable
efficacy I should suppose Antimony
to be of service in uterine haemorrhagy
from the great benefit derived from
its use in dysentery Ipecacuanha
is considered by some writers as an reme-
dy of absolute specific in this disease
the med.. to be given to the extent of 1

In haemorrhoides the opium is not to be
employed owing to its constipating
qualities the saccharum saturna
given to the extent of 5 6 or 7 gr
is a remedy of singular benefit in
Epistaxis as well haemoptisis and
uterine haemorrhagy I have
found it of importance to combine
with it a small portion of Ipecacuanha
applications of cold is sometimes of
Eminent service
Barton is great he is good and wise
In him America’s richest prize
He teaches us full of times to save
our fellow creatures from an untimely grave
He teaches us ‘gainst sickness to guard
Surely he deserves the heaven’s richest reward


Februa 19 1815
Barton on the Neuroses or order of
spasms the first disease I shall 
treat of under this head is tetanus
of which authors mention four 
different species Opisthotonos
Emprosthotonos this seldom occur-
-ring Pleurothrotonos and trismus
or locked jaw tetanus is generally
attended with universal rigidity of
the muscles tetanus may arise
from different causes wounds
verminose affections Cold appli
ed when the body is overheated
also tetanus Arthritieus or the 
disease arising from retro-
cedent gout


generally tetanus may be defin’d a
disease affecting the muscles the de-
velopement of which is gradual the
intellect in general is but little
impaired the bowels for the most
part obstinately constipated the dis
ease is divided into two different
varieties the tetanus symptomaticus
and the tetanus Idiopathicus the
former arising from wounds
Cold &c. tetanus often comes on
after a wound has healed favorably
tetanus may arise from the bite
of different venomous serpents
in the treatment of this disease
Opium is the first Medicine
that claims our [crossed out] [illegible] attention


This is certainly one the most im-
portant remedies employed in this dis
ease it should be given on the first
appearance of the disease in small
and frequent doses some authors rec-
ommend the Exhibition in the liquid
form frictions with laudanum is also
found beneficial in the employment
of opium in tetanus it should not only be
given largely by the mouth but also
in the form of Enema a tincture formed
of the seed of the datura stramonium
is sometimes found of singular ben-
efit a decoction of tobacco in the form
of an injection is recommended in re-
curring to the use of this article


It should be employed with great
caution musk is recommended by
some authors allied to those articles
are those stimulant remedies
Aether wine vitriolic acid the
bark is recommended recommended
by some authors it is certainly ben-
eficial in the tetanus complicated
with intermittent fever an Electuary
formed of Mustard is of eminent
service given in large doses
it is proper that I should say
something concerning the
use of Mercury Dr Barton admits
of the propriety of giving
it Calomel to purge


he mentions this as a preventative
after wounds it must be given to
excite the Mercurial flow Dr
Barton mentions a case that
he cured after coming on by Mer-
cury he says upon the whole it
is an efficacious remedy the cold
bath may sometimes be resorted
to with children in the convulsions
this remedy to be employed with
great caution the warm bath
is highly recommended by most
writers it is certainly not so dan-
gerous as the cold bath. Barton
mentions a case that he


which he cured by bleeding
he says he is far from considering
there is any inflammatory ten-
dency in this disease trismus
has been known to disappear
on the appearance of the hae-
morrhoidal flux as the bowels are
obstinately costive mild and in
some cases drastic purgatives
are to be employed Dr Barton
mentions a case that he cured
by cathartics Calomel and jalap
this shows the antispasmodic
power of Cathartics


February 23rd 1815
I go on to speak of other diseases near-
by allied to tetanus the first of which
I shall mention is Epilepsy this
and convulsions is so nearly allied
that the treatment is nearly the
same in this disease there is a
violent convulsion of the muscles
followed by sleep this disease a-
rises from various causes Ep-
ilepsy differs from convulsions in
some respects Epilepsy may cer-
tainly be classed among the her-
editary diseases Epilepsy may
be brought on by terror pressure
of the brain also produces it


I go on to speak of the remedies
employed in Epilepsy physicians
have been much divided concerning
the propriety of bloodletting
the prudent practitioner will have
recourse to bloodletting but it
should not be employed largely
blisters and sinapisms are of
Eminent service in the periodical
Epilepsy purges are always to
be employed particularly when
the disease arises in Children
from worms an Emetic given an
hour before the accession of the
expected but will sometimes be
of benefit


Theoretically viewing the subject
one should expect benefit from the free
the free use of foxglove when the dis-
ease arises from plethora
the opium is a remedy not to be omitted
in the treatment of this disease and
[illegible] all others it is certainly the one to be
most relied on the powdered seed of the 
Datura stramonium given in the
dose of 6 grains twice in 24 hours
will be found an all important
remedy the external application
of tobacco to the scrobiculus cordis
bark combined with the Chalybeates
is a remedy of no mean value
the root of the wild valerian
employed in decoction Infusion


Extract and the powder the powder
is the most general way of giving
the dose is to be increased according
to circumstances from 1 to 2 or 3z
when given in the form of powder
to be combined with bark
Among the Metallic remedies in this 
disease the most important is the
cuprum ammoniacum this being
a powerful medicine it should be
begun in small doses from 1/4 1/6
or 1/8 of a grain if it creates nausea
it should be combined with ginger
Epilepsy has been cured by salli-
vation brought on by Mercury
this to be employed with caution


until it brings on ardor urina a
solution of white vitriol and sugar
of lead will be found an excellent
injection if not sufficiently irrita-
ting it should combined with
Corrosive Sublimate
I now proceed to the consideration
of Chancre the first observation is
those with short prepuces are not
so liable to chancre in men the
fraenum prepuce and glans
is the most frequent seat of the
disease in Woman the vagina
and labia of the chancre germs on
the glans or prepuce the inflam-
mation runs high


When the chancre is seated at the
angle of the fraenum of it should
not be destroyed it should be divided
by the knife to prevent matter
from being confin’d phymosis
and paraphymosis is consequences
of Chancre Mercury is certainly a
specific in the cure of chancre
the chancre may also be cured by re-
moving it with the knife or the
caustic the best is to avail ourselves
both of local and general remedies
application of lunar caustic is
preferable to excision after the first
sloughs off the application to be


Renewed among the local applica-
tions the Mercurial ointments are
the best they quickly create a new
action of the parts lotions of blue
and white vitriol are the best
of there is a tendency to inflamma
tion rid precipitate should be sprin-
kled over the chancre the blue pill
will be found an excellent substitute
for the Calomel of this should not
agree with the stomach and the
intestines you may also make
use of frictions on the inside of the
thigh this will expedite salivation
there is no test of the operation of mercury
except it produces sallivation


March the 3d 1815
Dorsey on the Buboe
Buboes are swellings of the lymphatic
glands and are a consequence of the
Venereal poison buboes begin with a 
pain and small tumor in the groin
the color of the skin remarkably florid 
in the cure resolution if possible must
be effected the most favorable way
of administering the Mercury is
to rub it on the inside of the thigh
all the remedies for inflammation
are to be employed leeches are to
be applied to the tumor
but in spite of every exertion sometimes
suppuration will be the result



if this should be the case a small open-
ing should be made with a lancet
and the caustic should be applied
to destroy the skin and make the
opening large repeated application of
blisters and the antiphlogistic plan
followed up will sometimes occasion
the absorption of the pus if the con
stitution suffers bark should be employ
ed there is a scrofulous habit 1/8 of a
grain of the corrosive sublimate and
8 grains of cicuta given 3 times a
day will be found beneficial


Indent Jan
This indenture made this
tenth day of July AD 1815
between Joseph Griffith of
Charlestown Township Chester
George Weaver
JH Thomas
Sam Nixon George Weaver
this will
I Favourite of Joseph if thing then
Lewis Gloria
thing things thing
things things tings
things things
J Joseph Griffith
things things
Sam Nixon
thing
things things things


In the Lues venerea the tonsils
are first found inflamed and ulcers
form on the fauces in order its dis-
criminate betwixt the venereal
and common sore throat or the
exructation of coagulable lymph
on the fauces in the you must
observe in the former the ulcers 
have the appearance of being 
scooped out right of the substance
sometimes Lues comes out in
blotches on the skin the mercury
to be exhibited as in the chancre
sometimes the blotches produce
ulcers the red precipitate is then
to be sprinkled over them the diet
need not be restricted


The same treatment as in
the first stage is to be follow-
ed up in the second In nodes
no local treatment is neces-
sary the general treatment
will suffice
Dorsey
Dorsey
[illegible]
[illegible] [illegible]
[illegible]
B Barton




































James Griffith
Joseph Griffith
Joseph Griffith
James Stephen
Ellis
Ellis Lewis
N W Mixer
Jos Stephen Burson
[illegible]



Ellis Lewis MD
Book March the 29th 1815

Med. Hist.
MS.
B
85

[illegible]
4444
8888
[illegible]