A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE (GIVING A FULL EXPLANATION) OF RACKSTROW’S MUSEUM: CONSISTING OF A large and very valuable Collection OF MOST CURIOUS ANATOMICAL FIGURES, AND REAL PREPARATIONS; ALSO FIGURES RESEMBLING LIFE; WITH A GREAT VARIETY OF Natural and Artificial Curiosities. TO BE SEEN AT No. 197, FLEET-STREET, BETWEEN CHANCERY-LANE AND TEMPLE-BAR, LONDON 1792. A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF RACKSTROW’S MUSEUM, (No. 197,) BETWEEN TEMPLE-BAR AND CHANCERY-LANE, FLEET-STREET. FIRST ROOM. l.THE Astonishing and Compleat SKELETON of a full- sized SPERMA-CETI WHALE, being the real bones joined together; near seventy feet in length. The Head, or Skull alone, measures sixteen feet, and is computed to weigh THREE TONS; the upper-jaw is without teeth: the under-jaw has one row of sharp-pointed teeth along each side of it; with these it is probable He can devour Fishes of a considerable size. Two of the Teeth are taken out for in- spection, also the Bones of hearing.—On the upper surface of the Skull was lodged a vast quantity of Oily-Fat (con- tained in the Cellular-Membrane, between the Skin of the Head, and the upper Surface of the Skull) extending about four feet higher than the Projection at the back part, and was continued of an equal height to about four feet beyond the end of the Nose. The Use of to much Oil on the Head is probably to float this great weight of Bone, for this kind of Whale is frequently obliged to raise his Nose a little above the surface of the water in order to breathe, which he does by an Opening at that part called the Blow-Hole. From this Oil, and also from that which surrounds His Body, the Substance called Sperma-Ceti, is extracted.—The Bones of the Neck.—The Blade-Bone.—The Bones that joined the Fin, which ex- A2 tended (4) tended considerably from the ends of these bones.—The Ribs,—The Bones of the Back.—The Fin-Part of the Tail Dried.—The Elastic Substance called Whale-bone, is no part of the above described Whale, but of another kind, called the Black, or Greenland Whale, which having no teeth, is provided with this substance instead; and feeds on a kind of Shrimps, and other small Fishes, which abound in the Greenland Sea so much, that a small quantity of water cannot be taken up without numbers in it: This elastic sub- stance forms the net or snare, by which the small fishes are taken, and in the following manner: It grows by a great number of flips, from each side of the roof of the mouth, all along from the fore to the back part, something resembling the teeth of a comb; from the inner edges of these flips, grow a large quantity of hair, exactly like horse-hair. When this Whale takes in a mouthful of water containing these small fishes, he expands this apparatus, then by con- tracting it, and closing his mouth, he entangles the fishes with the hair, and strains the water from them, by forcing it through the blow-hole, (a passage from the mouth through the head,) by which he also breathes. Figures resembling Life. TWO Figures of a GENTLEMAN and LADY, as if contemplating the Skeleton of the Whale. An Exact Figure of the LATE NORFOLK DWARF, Mr. Coan, who measured only three feet three inches in height, and was accounted the Straightest: and Best Pro- portioned Dwarf that had been: He was shewn many years in London and Chelsea, lived to the age of thirty-six, and had a Wife and three Daughters. An Exact Figure of the LATE STAFFORDSHIRE GIANT, Mr. Bamford, the Hatter; who lived in Shire- Lane, near Temple-Bar, and measured seven feet two inches in height; He used to exhibit at the Theatres. A Figure of Mother Shipton, the Prophetess, in which the Lineaments of Extreme Old-Age are Strongly and Na- turally marked.—Also her real Skull, brought from Her Burial-Place, at Knaresborough, in Yorkshire, A Figure of a Child representing the Contrast between Youth and Age. 2. The Real Skin or Hide of a RHINOCEROS finely preserved, representing that Rare and Curious Animal as Alive. The Rhinoceros grows nearly as large as an Ele- phant, and is supposed to be Stronger in proportion to his Size. (5) Size. He is the only Quadruped that has a Horn upon the Nose.— Also the Horn of a full-grown One, which gives an Idea of the Size they grow to, and its weight being support- ed on the Nose, gives an Idea of their Strength.)— The Eyes are small, and placed low on each side of the head; the Ears are large, and stand erect on the upper part of the Head; the Hide is very rough and chapped, and grows so thick and hard as to become impenetrable to Musquet-Shot; is only pliable in the large plaits or folds of such parts as are necessary for motion. Three Hoofs on the fore part of each foot. No Hair excepting a few black ones at the end of the Tail, and some thinly scattered on the Ears. They are Natives of Asia and Africa. 3. An Exceeding fine Representation of a LION, being moulded to the Animal when dead; it appears very much as if alive; and is allowed to be a capital Performance. 4. In a glass-case, is the real Skin of a young SEA- HORSE from the Greenland-Sea, finely preserved, and ap- pearing as if Alive.—The Skull of an Old One, having two large Tusks projecting from the upper-jaw, with which they pull themselves up on the rocks of ice. 5. The Skin of a young Seal, stuffed. 6. The Representation of a Monkey. 7. A Pair of Snow-Shoes, from Lapland, with which the Laplanders walk on the Surface of the Snow. 8. The Penis of the Whale, dried. 9. The Skeleton of the same Rhinoceros, from which the Hide was taken. 10. The Model of the Rhinoceros, coloured to Nature. 11. The Back-Shell, and Skull of a very Large Turtle. 12. The Shell of a Large Tortoise. 13. The Horse-shoe, or King-Crab. 14. Two Pair of Horns of American Deer. 15. Some curious Dried Fishes. 16. A Pair of Buck’s Horns, from Germany, supposed to be the Largest and Handsomest of the kind to be seen in England. All Kinds of Deer Shed their horns, and gain others every year. 17. A Pair of Horns of the Red-Deer, from Scotland. 18. Horns of the Italian Roe-Buck. 19. Ditto, of the English Fallow-Deer. 20. A Large and very handsome Pair of Antelope’s Horns placed on an artificial Head. 21. A Curious pair of Double Horns of a Ram. 22. A very curious Skull of the a Babiarossa, a kind of Hog from the East-Indies, having four surprising Tusks; two of which arise from the upper-jaw through the flesh of the Nose, and (6) and turn round, like horns, to the forehead; the other two arise from the lower-jaw, and passing out between the Lips, bend backwards before the Eyes; they are supposed to de- fend his face, when seeking his food, or forcing his way through thickset herbage. 23. The Skull of a Porpoise. 24. A curious scaly Skin, of a small four-footed Beast, called a Pangolin. 25. Ditto of a Phatagin. 26. The Skull of a Rhinoceros. 27. The real Skull of the Hippopotamos, or River-Horse, also called the Sea-Horse, and in the Holy Scripture, the Behemoth; from the River Nile in Egypt. This Animal is accounted, at least, the third Quadruped in Size on Earth, is Amphibious, and supposed to be an Enemy to the Croco- diles which inhabit the same River; He swims with his head above the water, is said to walk at the bottom of the River, and to come on land occasionally. 28. A very curious Pair of Antelope’s Horns, from Africa, near the River Gambia. 29. Ditto, from the Cape of Good-Hope. 30. The Real Skin of a Large Sword-Fish, stuffed, having a Sword-like Process from the upper-jaw. 31. Ditto, of a Shark. 32. The Jaws of a Tiger-Shark, having eight rows of Teeth, as sharp at the Points and Edges as knives. 33. Ditto, of the Shovel-Nose-Shark. 34. The Skull and Horn of a Unicorn-Fish: they gene- rally have but One Horn projecting, tho’ they are provided with Two; this Skull has been dissected to expose the young Horn. 35. A very fine Horn (eight feet in length) of a Large Unicorn-Fish. 36. The Skull and Horns of a surprising Large Elk, from North America. 37. A Pair of Stag’s Horns from Russia. 38. The Skull and Horns of a Rein-Deer, from Lapland: a Large Blade, from one of the Horns, comes down the front of the face, with which He sweeps the Snow from the Grass, or Moss, that He feeds upon. 39. A Large Pair of Goat’s Horns, 40. A Needle-Fish. A Sturgeon. And a Large Suck- ing-fish, having an Apparatus on the upper part of the head, by which He fastens himself to various substances. 41. A Collection of Butterflies. 42. Two Crocodiles, from the River Nile in Egypt. They are amphibious voracious animals, in shape resembling Efts (7) Efts and Lizards; living partly in rivers and partly on the land by the side of them; are covered with very hard scales, scarcely to be wounded; have four short legs, and a long thick, tail, gradually tapering from the body; are very swift; have long jaws, with a row of sharp pointed teeth, closing between each other, and a wide swallow; they grow up- wards of fifty feet in length. This animal is described in the forty-first chapter of Job, under the name of the Levia- than. Curious Fishes preserved in Spirits. A small kind of Sword-Fish, the Sword-like Process from the lower-jaw. The Sea-Needle. The Sea-Worm, A Large Flying-Fish. Two Fœtus’s of Sharks. Gurnets, or Bull-Headed Fishes. A Sea Polypus. Star-Fishes. A Silver-Fish. A small Dog-Fish. A Devil-Fish. A Pom- fret-Fish. A small Electrical Eel: They grow two or three feet in length, and when alive, give the Electrical Shock as an Electrical Machine does. A Sea-Feather. Lice, found on the Whales. Small Pulpy-Fishes, which the Greenland Sea abounds with in such quantity, that they are food for the Whale-bone Whales, which have no teeth. (On the Outside of the Windows are placed the Lower Jaw-Bones of a Whale-bone Whale; they are often mistaken for Ribs.) SECOND ROOM. A Grand Figure of His Late Majesty GEORGE the Se- cond, in His Parliament Robes, coloured to Nature, stand- ing on an elevated Platform, under a Rich Canopy; with a Brilliant Representation of the Crown. A Bust of His Present Majesty GEORGE the Third. A Figure of the Present PRINCE of WALES, when an Infant: with a CAST, from the real Impression of His Royal Highness’s Face, when about 24 years of Age. A Bust of the Late Marquis of Granby, as moulded to His Face when Alive. A real Ancient MUMMY, in the original case or coffin, brought from Egypt; being the real body of an Egyptian, preserved since death, near four thousand years; and inter- preted by the learned in Hieroglyphics, which appear on the coffin, to be the remains of Pharaoh’s Daughter, aged 37 years. These Hieroglyphics are the pictures of utensils. birds, (8) birds, and other animals, and were made use of in the first method of writing before letters were invented. On the middle of the coffin is a picture of the Goddess His, wor- shipped by the Egyptians; on the Shoulders are pictures of hawks-busts, emblems of their God Osiris, and down the sides are emblems of several Other idols, The coffin is made of a thick wood, called Sycamore, not so subject to rot as other wood; it is covered without and within with a prefer- vative, which is probably a composition of pitch, wax, gums, &c. It is made in two parts, which were originally joined. securely inclosing the body from the air. When the coffin was broke open, the body was found in the preserved state whole, and finely decorated and painted with Hieroglyphics, which appeared quite fresh. In those Mummies which have been pulled to pieces, all the real human bones have been found remaining entire; next to these, the remains of the dried flesh, neatly bound and wrapped with a vast quantity of linen rollers. The particular art has been lost.— These Mummies have been found in a vast piece of ground like a buryal place, near Sakora, a village in the neighbourhood of Cairo in Egypt, in which are found seve- ral Pyramids, and where, underground, in square rooms or pits, in several niches, these bodies have been preserved for thousands of years, dressed and adorned in various manners. A fine PRINT, representing three views of the above de- scribed Mummy. Price 6d. A MUMMY of the IBIS, (a Bird worshipped by the Egyptians) wrapped up in a Human Form, found with the Human Mummy, and placed near it as a protection. EXQUISITE WAX-MODELS. Executed and Coloured to Nature, by an Unparalled ARTIST. 1. A TINKER and His FAMILY, &c. represented in Miniature. The Tinker’s Head alone, has been estimated by those who are Judges of Merit, to be worth 20 Guineas. 2. A YOUNG LADY with CHILDREN gathering Apples; the Youngest crying for some. 3. An ELDERLY LADY with Children, a Cat and Kitten, &c. surprised and discommoded by the sudden Ap- pearance of a Gentleman, and Grey-hound. THIRD (9) FOURTH ROOM. A Capital ColLection of Beautiful Stuffed BIRDS, English and Foreign, many of them very Rare, and in the highest Preservation. A Collection of Beautiful Stuffed BEASTS, Scarce and Curious. FIFTH ROOM. 1. An elegant and masterly Piece of SHELL-WORK, representing "the TEMPLE of VENUS, with Statues of the Goddess, Cupids, Apollo, &c.—The Representation of Wreaths of Flowers surrounding the Dome and Pillars are formed of Shells, the smallest, the most delicate, and, with respect to their natural colours, the most beautiful that could be procured, not the least Paint having been tiled. 2. A DITTO of the TEMPLE of FLORA, with a Statue of the Goddess. 3. A DITTO of a FLOWER-POT and FLOWERS. 4. An elegant MODEL in Mother of Pearl, of a CHI- NESE PAGODA, or Temple of Worship. 5. DITIO, in Ivory, of exquisite workmanship. 6. A very curious and pleasing Piece of SHELL-WORK, with a Representation of Saint Peter’s Church, at Rome. 7. A minute and accurate Model of a Seventy-four Gun Ship. 8. A Ditto of a Frigate, 9. Two Figures moulded to the Body of a Woman after Death, who Died undelivered, when Nine months gone with Child, occasioned by the Placenta or After-birth (which grew across the Passage from the Womb) beginning to Separate before the Birth of the Child, (which it obstructed) and causing a flooding, or bleeding. By Skillful Midwifery Assistance, the Placenta might have been broke through so as to have made way for the Birth of the Child, and probably have been the means of saving Both Mother and Child. In the first Figure, the Womb is represented opened: the mem- branes surrounding the Child entire.—ln the second Figure, the Membranes are opened, displaying the Child, lying with the Head upwards. B 10.Three (10) 10. Three Figures, moulded to another Woman, who died undelivered when Nine months gone with Child, occasioned by the NAVEL-STRING passing round the Child’s Neck, (the Head lying downwards) as it proceeded from the Pla- centa, (which in this Case grew to the further part of the Womb) to the Child’s Navel; and its whole length being taken up by this course, it consequently kept or held the Child to the further part of the Womb so as to prevent the Action of the Womb, &c. from making any considerable progress towards its Expulsion:—Turning the Child, and thereby Slackening the Navel-string might probably have been ef- fected with Safety and Success. In the first Figure, the Womb is represented unopened. In the second, the fore- part of the Womb as removed, exposing the Child and Pla- centa. In the third, the Arch of the Pubis-Bones as laid bare; the Bladder, and part of the Passage leading to the Womb as removed, exposing the Head of the Child lying in the Passage, and the Navel-string passing round its Neck. A Collection of SHELLS, FOSSILS, SPARS, CHRYSTALIZATIONS, PETRIFACTIONS, &c. A Matchless Collection of Beautiful, Curious, and extremely Rare Flying and other LIZARDS, CAMELEONS, IGUANAS, CROCO- DILES, EFTS, &c. from various parts of the World, in the highest Preservation in Spirits. A BRAINSTONE of extraordinary magnitude and uni- formity, (being a Natural Production, and a Species of Coral) called so from its surface being convoluted some- what like the Brain. A variety of BUSTS of Eminent Persons, moulded and coloured to Life; with CASTS of OLIVER CROM- WELL and SIR ISAAC NEWTON, from the very Im- pressions of their Faces after Death. A very Powerful Artificial MAGNET, which having “the Quality of a LOADSTONE, but in a far greater Pro- portion, attracts IRON so forcibly by only touching it, without any fastening, as to keep suspended near Two Hundred Pounds Weight; being near Six Times its own Weight. A Series of Skulls, in which the GRADATION from the HUMAN SPECIES to that of the BRUTE is very evident, consisting of the Skull of an European, or WHITE Person;—that of a MULATTO;—and that of an African NEGRO (11) NEGRO—with those of APES, MONKEYS, BABOONS, &c. Four fine compleat HUMAN SKELETONS.—1, of a middle-sized Man.—2, of a tall young WOMAN, in which the difference of the FEMALE Skeleton from that of the MALE is very perceptible. (The principal difference be- tween the male and female skeleton is to be observed, by comparing the capacity formed by the bones of the pelvis of the one, with that of the other, which is considerably larger in the female, for the purpose of child-bearing, than in the male, even when the male is larger in every other respect.) These were the BONES of Mary Edmondson, who was ex- ecuted at Kennington Common, for the murder of her Aunt, Susannah Walker, in the year 1759. 3. A very large Skeleton of a Man (six feet high) who had thirteen ribs on each side (the general number is twelve, both in male and female) the two upper ribs did not articulate or join with the sternum or breast bone: they always do, when there are but twelve. 4. A very curious Skeleton of a child about eight months after Conception. Two compleat sets of Human Bones placed in uniform order; the first are remarkable handsome, neat, well-shaped Bones of a Man, in fine preservation, and very white: the second have been of a strong muscular Man, and whose Bones were loaded with an extra quantity of bony matter, rendering them heavy, uneven, rough, and clumsy. The Skeleton of a ZEBRA.—Ditto of a GREYHOUND. —Ditto of MONKEYS.—Ditto of a SWAN, Lark, Ro- bins, and Parroquete. A Collection of Most Brilliant DIAMOND BEETLES, in Magnifiers. A Collection of REPTILES highly preserved in SPIRITS, including VIPERS, SNAKES, FROGS, TOADS; particularly fine specimens of SURINAM TOADS, with their Young burst- ing into birth through the whole surface of their BACKS: also Scorpions, Centipeds, and Tarantulas of extraordinary magnitude, &c. A Collection of Extraordinary Productions of NATURE, being the Young of various Animals, uncommonly and wonderfully formed. B2 SIXTH (12) SIXTH ROOM. THE COLLECTION OF ANATOMICAL FIGURES, AND REAL PREPARATIONS. THE following described Figures are moulded and co- loured to Nature; many of them to Women who have died undelivered (occasioned by Extraordinary and Preternatural Cases, but whom, in all probability, might have been saved by skillful Midwifery Assistance) shewing various positions of the Child in the Womb, at Nine Months, and other Periods of Pregnancy. &c, 1. The Figure of a Woman, who died of a Fever, when about six months gone with Child; the Belly opened by cross incisions; the skin, fat, and abdominal muscles, are turned back, shewing, 1, the Child in the Womb, presenting with the Head downwards. 2, navel string. 3, placenta. 4, 4, cut edge of the womb. 5, 5, fallopian tubes. 6, 6, ovaria. 7, stomach. 8, liver, 9, 9, intestines. 10, sword- like cartilage. 11, omentum, or caul. 2. A First View from the same woman, as before the Womb was opened. 3. An Exact Representation of the Womb of a Woman, who died of a Fever, when about Five months gone with child. 2, part of the vagina, or passage leading to the womb, opened to shew. 3, the os tincæ, or mouth of the womb. 4, 4, round ligaments. 5, 5, broad ligaments, spread out to shew. 6, 6, the fallopian tubes, with the fimbriæ at their extremities. 7, 7, ovaria; the spermatic arteries and veins appear as if distended with blood. 8, the urinary bladder in its contracted state. 9, the beginning of the urinary passage from the bladder. Letter B, a Second View of the same Womb, as opened. 10, the Child presenting with the head downward, 11, 11, cut edge of the womb. 12, navel string, 13, placenta, or after-birth: Letter C, a Third View of the under part of the same (13) same Womb, shewing the Arteries and Veins, as when in- jected. 4. A Figure moulded to a Woman who died of the Small- Pox, when about Seven Months gone with Child, represent- ing the Womb in its Situation, unopened; and the Intestines as distended with air. 5. A Figure moulded to a Woman who had gone Nine Month with Twins, and was delivered of One Child as re- presented; but the Other Child not coming with its Head first; or its Breech, or Feet first; which are the Only Posi- tions a Child can be born in; but lying across, and present- ing One Arm, the Head was in consequence bent back to its knees, so that it could not be expelled in that cross and double Position; and the After-birth beginning to separate from the Womb, a Bleeding came on, which occasioned her Death; Timely Assistance might probably have saved this Woman, by putting the Arm back, and turning the Child, so as to bring the Feet forwards.-In this Figure are re- presented the Heart and Lungs, as situate in the Chest, also the Diaphram, Stomach and Liver. 6. Another Figure moulded to the same Woman before the Womb was opened. Miscarriages or Abortions. Pregnant Women are liable, from various causes, to part with their Burden, at any period within the nine months of their Pregnancy. The Burden consists of the Placenta and Membranes, forming a compleat Case, containing a watery Liquor, in which the Embryo or Child swims, with the Navel-string connecting it to the inside of the Placenta. When the Burden is whole and entire, it is called the Ovum; it completely fills the cavity of the Womb, and its outer surface grows to all the inner surface of the cavity of the Womb, which Inner surface of the Womb separates in time of Delivery, and is thrown off with it. In a Glass Case is a most curious Collection of real Ova, from Women who have miscarried, beautifully preserved in spirits; shewing at one view, a regular series or gradation, in which the Embryo or Child is seen, from the size of a small Pin’s Head, to the Perfect State. 1. An Ovum, or Miscarriage, between six and seven months after Conception: The whole of the Membranes containing (14) containing the Child are unopened, and as they were dif- charged from the womb; These; at the full time, and when expelled, are called the After-birth; as, preceding that Period they break, and the Child is born first. 2. Another between four and five months, curiously pre- served in the Inner Membrane, which is so transparent that the Child may be seen through it. 3. Another about three months, the Membranes opened, and turned inside out, the Child in consequence hanging out by the navel-string. 4. Another about two months, the Membranes opened by cross incisions, displaying the Child beautifully formed. 5. Another about six weeks after conception. 6. Another about a month. 7. Another about three weeks, 8. Another about two weeks. 9. Another about twelve days. 10. Another about ten days. 11. Another about nine days. 12. Another about eight days, extremely curious 13. Another about six days. 14. Another about three days, &c. till the Child is to be seen no larger than the smallest Pin’s head. The Skeleton of a Fœtus or Child about five months after conception. A Male Child, preserved in spirits, with the Navel-string, (undivided) Placenta and Membranes, born dead, between eight and nine months after Conception, occasioned by the Mother catching the small-pox, which appeared on her the day after her delivery; and on the ninth she died of the same. An Extraordinary Large Female Child, at nine months after Conception, measuring one foot nine inches in length, and six inches across the shoulders, which died in the birth, and was the cause of a tedious lingering labour to the Mother who was rather elderly, and this was her first Child: not- withstanding which she recovered very well; and though it happened in this case that the Child died, yet Children of this size are frequently born alive and continue to live. A portion of the Navel-string remains, which separates from a living Child a few days after birth. A Collection of CHILDREN imperfectly and wonderfully formed at various periods of Pregnancy. 7. A most (15) 7. A most ingenious Figure moulded to the Body of Mary Musson, who was executed at Tyburn, for the Murder of Her Bastard Child, and dissected at Surgeon’s-Hall, by removing the Skin and Fat from the Lean Flesh, which consists of many distinct Masses, called Muscles, whose Fibres, in Life (by alternately contracting with force, and relaxing) are the Instruments of all our Motions; their extremities are fasten- ed to the Bones by other substances, called Tendons: The natural Swell of the Muscles in contraction, their Situation, and various Arrangement of Fibres are most accurately re- presented. The whole is coloured exactly to Nature, and is allowed to be a matchless figure. 8. A very fine Figure moulded to a Man, representing uncoloured the whole of the External Muscles. 9. A Cast of the Bowels, which appeared on opening the Belly of a very thin Man, representing as situate in the Body The Liver; The Gall-bladder enlarged; The Stomach, with the Caul hanging before the intestines; and these, as appear- ing through it. 10. An extraordinary large and curious Gall-stone (with a few smaller ones) being the largest of forty-seven stones, which completely filled and stuffed up the gall-bladder of the before mentioned Person. 11. A Cast of the Human Stomach.—Ditto of the Liver, —Ditto of the Spleen 12. Human Calculi, or Stones taken by Surgical Opera- tions from the Urinary Bladders of different People. 13. Representations of different sections of the Brain, as situate in the Skull. 14. The real Brains of a Man, with the Blood-vessels injected, taken whole out of the Skull; and preserved in spirits. 15. Corroded Preparations of the Human Liver, repre- senting by different coloured injected Wax, the four Systems of Vessels which are in the Liver. 16. A Figure moulded to a Woman who died of a Fever in the sixth month of her Pregnancy, with three Children in the Womb, One presenting the Head, as in time of Labour. 17. A Figure moulded to a Woman who died undelivered when Nine Months gone with Twins: The Cause of Her Death unknown. 18, A Figure moulded to a Woman who died undelivered when Nine Months gone with Child, probably occasioned by the Navel-string having passed round the Child’s Neck, con- fining it to the Womb, of as to counteract the efforts of the Womb, and prevent Delivery: In this Case the Child’s Head (16) Head laid downwards, the Placenta grew to the furthest part of the Womb, and the whole length of the Navel-string was, taken up in making the Turn, as is evident by the impres- sion it had made on the Child’s Shoulder turning the Child might probably have saved the Lives of this Woman and Child: but this should be aimed at in time, before the strength of the Woman is too much exhausted, or partial and convulsive contraction of the Womb has come on; which happened to this Woman; and by which it seems from the impression the Womb had made on the Child’s Arm) that the Womb itself had held the Child in its confined situation, in- stead of having made the least progress towards its expulsion; as more fully appears by viewing the Next Figure. 19. This Figure was moulded to the same Woman be- fore the Womb was opened, representing the partial contrac- tion across its middle; and the Urinary Bladder so much dis- tended as to rise considerably above the Pubis, which points out the Necessity of attending to this Circumstance, that it may be prevented, or relieved in time. 20. A Figure moulded to a Woman who died in perfect health, undelivered, when Nine Months gone with Child, occasioned by the Womb bursting; and the Child being forced out on the bowels.—It is supposed she must have suf- fered some violence, a Blow or a Fall.— The above Case should operate as a Caution to Women in the latter part of their Pregnancy, particularly to guard against any such vio- lence, as much as possible. In this Figure, the Heart and Lungs are finely represented, as situate in the Chest; with that thin muscular part, called the Diaphram, which extends across the body, dividing the Cavities of the Chest, from that of the Belly. 21. The Real Parts of Generation taken from Different Women after Death; and preserved in spirits.-1, Those taken from a young Woman, who died in the Virgin State, when about seventeen years of age,—2, Those taken from a Woman who died in the Married State, when about thirty years of age.—The Particular Parts are displayed and may be distinguished in the following Order. First, the Outer Labia or Lips; Next the Nymphæ or Inner Lips; being small Folds, which at their upper parts join the end of a little Body called the Clitoris, lying concealed under a Hood, or Fore-skin, which though small, and always bend- ing downwards, yet is somewhat similar in structure to the Penis of a Man—(There have been some few instances, where this part has grown so large as to resemble the Penis; those Women have been called Hermaphrodites. Annexed, are (17) are Prints of two different kinds of Hermaphrodites, Natives of France: One of a Woman having an enlarged Clitoris; the Other of a Man having Parts of both Sexes) A little be- low the Clitoris and between the Nymphæ is situated a small opening, the Orifice of the Urinary Passage from the Blad- der; and immediately under this, the Orifice of the Pas- sage leading to the Womb, which in the Virgin State is ren- dered narrow by a Web-like Fold of the Skin, called the Hymen, or Maiden-head; which surrounds the Entrance, and is sometimes broken or torn a little the first time of Coi- tion.—The Outer Parts of the Body, on One Side, have been removed, to shew those contained within the Body: Above and immediately behind the Bones of the Pubis, may be seen the Urinary Bladder in the contracted state; a part cut off, to shew its Cavity.—The Vagina, or passage lead- ing to the Womb is situate under the Bladder; and has been opened along one side in order to shew the Os Tincæ, or Mouth of the Womb, at the further end; and upon looking through the entrance from within the Passage, the web-like Membrane (called the Maiden-head) appears somewhat trans- parent. The Womb is connected to and continued from the Vagina, and bends up behind the Bladder. From each side of the upper, or further part of the Cavity of the Womb, proceeds an Egg-duct, called the Fallopian Tube; which at a certain distance from the Womb terminates by an Open and fringy extremity; near which is situated a small Body, called the Ovarium, in which the Eggs form; and as they arrive to a state of Maturity, burst from this part, and are received by the Egg-duct, which at that time embraces the Ovarium by its extremity, and by its action conveys the Egg or Eggs into the Womb. Without Coition these Eggs are imperfect, and being exceeding small, pass away from the Womb unnoticed: but by Coition, the Male feed (which abounds with living Animalculæ) is thrown into the Womb, or passage leading to it, and taken by Absorbent Vessels into the Blood, from which it is separated or secreted by the Ar- teries of the Ovarium into the Egg or Eggs which are in a state of Maturity, rendering them perfect; and when One or More of these are conveyed into the Womb, they fix, or take root there, to derive their nourishment, and for the compleat form- ation of the Child or Children. The Egg, as far as it is form- ed in the Ovarium of a Woman, and when impregnated with the Male Seed, may be compared to the small round white Spot of the size of a small Pea on the Yolk of a Hen's Egg; in which small Part, if it is impregnated, the Chicken begins to form, and which is commonly called the Tread; C though (18) though this part is always to be found in the eggs of those hens that have not cohabited with the cock, but smaller, and these not having received the male seed, produce no chickens. Therefore since an egg is so nearly compleated in a hen, without communication with a cock, and since there are parts in a Woman equally adapted for this pur- pose, it may be presumed, that the unimpregnated egg of a Woman, when it proceeds from the ovarium, consists of those parts which are the rudiments of the fœtal part of the pla- centa, and membranes; and most likely, a part, at least, of the rudiments of the Child itself; and may be called the Ovarial Portion, which, when impregnated by the addition of the male seed, and afterwards conveyed into the womb, acquires a further addition from the womb itself; which may be called the Uteral Portion; but if not impregnated, it is discharged from the womb, without any further addition from this part, and without any further growth.—The yolk and white of a hen’s egg are materials previously sup- plied and stored up towards the nourishment, growth, and compleat formation of the chicken, whose first existence is confined to the centre of the tread, requiring nothing fur- ther than a continuance of fresh air warmed to a certain degree, during twenty-one days; for chickens may be hatched by other means than under a hen, as by an heated oven, &c. But in a Woman, the nourishment for the child is supplied during the interval of nine months, while it is forming and growing in the womb,—Behind the womb and vagina, close to the sacrum or bone that sustains the spine, the large intestine called the Rectum is situated.—3, The outer parts taken from another Virgin, where the entrance is very narrow; the Clitoris larger.—4, Parts of Genera- tion taken from another Woman; the passage leading to the womb laid open along the under part, and the womb also laid open to shew its cavity.—5, The Womb of a Girl about ten years of age laid open, with part of the passage leading to it. The ovarium on one side not opened; the other ovarium is opened, displaying many little round bodies, in which the eggs are supposed to form. A bristle is placed into the opening at the fringy end of the egg-duct.—6, The External and Internal Parts of Generation taken from a Child about three years of age, displaying all the above- mentioned particulars. 22. The Real Parts of Generation, taken from different Men after death, injected and preserved in spirits.—1, The Penis of a Man preserved in- the state of erection, by forcing a fluid into the blood-vessels after death, with the part (19) part called the Scrotum, containing the Testicles. The root of the Penis is laid bare where it grew to the bones. The Urinary Bladder is somewhat distended, The Tubes called the Ureters, which convey the Urine from the Kidneys to the Bladder, are displayed; as also the two parts, called the Spermatic Chords, consisting each of an artery, vein, and excretory duct; the artery conveying blood to the testicle appertaining, and the vein returning it; part of the blood is formed into seed as it passes through the testicles, and this is taken up by a vast number of fine vessels collecting into two, the excretory ducts, one from each testicle. They are here held up by two threads, and proceed by the sides of the bladder, conveying the seed from the testicles to two small reservoirs, situated under the bladder, for the lodgment and accumulation of it, from which there are two small openings into the urinary passage, through which it is emitted in time of coition. 2, The testicles of a Man, in which the vessels that take up the seed from the blood are filled with quick- silver, rendering them apparent, so that many of them may be seen in the body of the testicle, and as they pass out, form- ing fine turnings and windings, collecting into one vessle, which conveys the seed to the reservoir.—3, The Penis of a Man injected with different coloured wax, the skin dissected oft, shewing the structure of its different parts; the reservoirs of the seed are filled with quicksilver, with the vessels com- ing to them from the testicles, and the two passages going from them to the urinary passage. 4, The Penis of a Man injected to the state of erection, with the Scrotum containing the testicles, &c. preserved with all the natural appearance as in life. 23. The Penes, &c. of different Black Men:—also the outer parts of a Mulatto Woman, preserved in spirits. 24. The Urinary Bladder of a Man represented in wax, as if considerably distended, with part of the Penis; also the large Blood-vessels of the Body, shewing the origin of the Spermatic Arteries, coloured red, which convey blood to the Testicles; and the Veins coloured blue, which return it; with tne two vessels which convey the feed to the refer- voirs, coloured white. One Kidney is represented opened to shew the cavity into which the Urine is separated from the Blood; alo the Nipples through which it passes. 25. A Representation in Wax of the Urinary Parts, and Parts of Generation of a Woman, with the large Blood- vessels, &c. as taken out of the body. 26. A Representation in Wax of the Urinary Bladder of a Man, with sections of the Penis, and the Urinary Passage C2 laid (20) laid open its whole length; also the Testicles with the Seed- vessels and Blood-vessels. 27. Parts of Generation of a Woman, preserved in Spirits, having a Diseased Fleshy Excrescence grown in the Cavity of the Womb, with large hardened Swellings on the Out- side. 28. The Real Double Kidney of a Man, who had no kidney in his Left Side; with the Large Blood-vessels, &c. injected: He lived to the age of fifty, and it was perfectly found at the time of his Death. 29. A Corroded Preparation of the Human Heart, being different coloured Wax which was thrown (when melted, into the Cavities of the Heart, and portions of the Large Blood-vessels; the substance of the Heart and Vessels being removed by means of spirits of salt, &.c—This shews that the Heart is divided by a partition into Two Passages, Right and Left; the Right having been filled with green wax, the Left with red.—The Right Passage receives the blood from every part of the body, by Veins collected into two trunks (EE marked on the wax which filled them) from thence it is forced into an Artery, (A) which conveys it to the Lungs; where it is acted on by the Air that we breathe, rendering it fit for Life.—The Left Passage receives the blood from the Lungs, by Veins collected into four trunks: (FFFF) whence it is forced into an Artery, (C) which conveys it to every part of the Body; in the Extreme branches of the Ar- tery it becomes unfit for Life, and is returned by the Veins, &c. to the Lungs, to be re-acted on by the Air.—This pre- paration also shews that each Passage is composed of two Ca- vities, (I. 2.) (I. 2.) those parts or the heart that form the ca- vities, (I. I.) are called Auricles, which receive the blood from the Veins, and force it into the other parts of the heart, that form the cavities, (2. 2.) and are called Ventricles; which force it into the Arteries. 30. An exceeding elegant Preparation of a Boy, fourteen years of age; the Muscles and Tendons are preserved, and dried in their natural situation; likewise the Heart in the chest, and the Diaphragm, dividing the chest from the belly; with the Spleen, Kidneys, Ureters and Bladder; the other Bowels are removed to shew the Arteries and Veins, innu- merably branching to and from every part The great Ar- tery is filled with red wax, which, by branching, conveys the Blood to every part of the Body. The Veins are filled with yellow, beginning from the extreme branches of the Artery, and by collecting into two trunks, return the Blood from every part of the Body to the Heart. 31. Por- (21) 31. Portions of Intestines, in which the Arteries, Veins, and Absorbent Vessels are minutely injected, 32. A most curious Figure, singular for Ingenuity, Ac- curacy and Contrivance; representing a Woman about fix months gone with Child; in which the CIRCULATION of the BLOOD is imitated by Liquors flowing through GLASS VESSELS, whose figure and situation exactly cor- respond with that of the natural blood-vessels; also the Mo- tion of the Blood through the vessels of the Navel-string of the Child; likewise the ACTION of the HEART, with the MOTION of the LUNGS, as in breathing. The Heart is represented in the middle of the Chest, its point projecting forwards, downwards, and towards the left side. On each side of the Heart are represented the Lungs filling up the remainder of the Chest. At the upper part of the Heart are represented (by Glass Tubes) the Trunks of three large Blood-vessels; the Middle One represents the Aorta, or great Artery, which conveys the Blood from the LEFT PASSAGE of the Heart (from this part, we begin the De- scription of the CIRCULATION,) to every part of the Body. It first goes upwards a little, then makes a Curve, or Turn, and goes down close to, and on the left of the Spine, or back-bones; at the Turn, it gives off the deeper- seated vessels conveying the Blood to the Head and Arms; and as it passes down by the Spine, it gives off branches to all the Bowels, and Trunk of the Body: near the lower part of the Spine it divides into Two equal Branches, which by further branching convey the Blood to the Thighs, Legs, and Feet. The Veins returning the Blood from the Lower Extremities form a Large Vessel called the Lower Vena- Cava, which lays rather on the right of the Spine, also re- ceiving the Blood from the Veins of the Bowels, and Trunk of the Body, returning it to the RIGHT PASSAGE of the Heart. The Upper Glass-vessels on the Neck and Arms represent the Veins returning the Blood from the Upper Extremities, and forming another Large Vessel on the right of the Aorta (called the Upper Vena-Cava) open- ing also into the RIGHT PASSAGE of the Heart.—The large Glass-vessel on the left of the Aorta represents the Pul- monary Artery which conveys the Blood from the RIGHT PASSAGE of the Heart to the Lungs; from which it is conveyed by the Veins of the Lungs to the LEFT PAS- SAGE of the Heart, being the part from which the Descrip- tion was begun, therefore compleating the Round of the Circulation.—The Kidneys are represented in the Loins, with their Blood-vessels in Glass; the Womb is represented as (22) as opened, displaying the Child, Placenta, and Navel-string, which last is imitated by three Glass Tubes, twining round each other; the two smaller of these represent the Two Arteries by which the Child’s Blood is conveyed to the Placenta to be acted on by the Arterial Blood of the Mo- ther; the Action of which is probably similar to that of the Air itself, when breathed by the Lungs; for the Placenta is a Substitute for the Lungs of the Child, (as it cannot use them while in the Womb,) and is partly formed by the Ves- sels of the Womb, (called the Uteral Portion,) and partly by the Vessels of the Child (called the Fœtal and Ovarial Por- tion). As the Compound Air that we breathe does not come in Contact with the Blood, but a Decomposition and New Combination of the Air and of the Blood takes place by an Elective Attraction; some subtle Elementary Particles of each, probably, pervading the Coats of the minute branches of the Air-vessels and Blood-vessels; so the Blood of the Mo- ther does not come in Contact with that of the Child, but, probably, so near it, as to be in a similar manner within the sphere of Action.—The Child’s Nourishment (while in the Womb) is derived from the Fluid which surrounds it, and which is secreted or separated from the Blood of the Mother, and taken up by the Absorbent Vessels of the Child, which open over all the External Surface of its Body: That the Child does not take this fluid by the mouth is proved, by some Children, and the Young of other Animals having been born of a full Size without either Nose or Mouth, and Others without the Anus. Instances of Both may be seen in the Museum. 33. A corroded preparation of a human Kidney; the arte- teries were filled with red wax, the pelvis and ureter with yellow, and the veins with green. The arteries convey blood into the kidney, from which blood the urine is secreted, and conveyed by small tubes into the pelvis; from the pel- vis it is conveyed by the ureter into the bladder; the veins return the remaining blood, from which the urine has been secreted. 34- Two beautiful corroded Preparations of Placentæ, re- presenting the two arteries of the navel-string (coloured red) which convey blood from the Child to the Placenta, and branch through its substance; also the veins (coloured yellow) which collect into one trunk, (the vein of the na- vel-string) and return the blood to the Child. 35. Ditto, of a very broad one, representing the vessels of the surface, that grew to the womb, turned upwards. In this, the arteries are coloured red, the veins blue. 36. Two (23) 36. Two Placentæ unravelled, by macerating with water; injected, and preserved in Spirits. 37. Two double Placentæ Injected and Dried. 38. The Hand of a Man, with the Blood-vessels minutely injected with Quicksilver. FINIS. A NEW And Universal Interesting Discovery. THE ORIENTAL DENTIFRICE; OR, ASIATIC TOOTH-POWDER. Manufactured by C. CLARK, and Sold at RACKSTROW’a MUSEUM, No. 197, Fleet-street, four Doors from Chan- cery-lane, London ; Sole Proprietor, and Successor to the In- ventor, J. DEBRAW, M.D. and Lecturer on Chemistry. THIS Tooth-Powder derives its name from being pre- pared of a soft earthy substance, the produce of Borneo and Sumatra, in the East Indies, called by the natives AOUARA, and TERRA DEL CASSA by the Spaniards, who make a considerable traffic of it on the Coasts of Coromandel, &c. The preparation of it as a Tooth-powder, has hitherto been kept a secret from the Europeans, but discovered by a Chemical Analysis, and made public at the request of J. MILLER, Esq. English Resident at Sumatra. Its extraordi- nary Efficacy in quickly cleaning and beautifying the Teeth, and the safety of its Use, from not having in its Composition any Acid that can corrode or wear off the Enamel of the Teeth, are Facts acknowledged by the most respectable Medi- cal Authorities, and which have establishied the present Emi- nence and Fame of this Tooth-power among People of the first Distinction, insomuch as to render all advertised Pa- negyricks totally unnecessary; for it is no less astonishing than true, that the Teeth, however soul and disculoured by neglect, will, (24) will, on a single Trial, acquire a beautiful Whiteness, and are cleared instantaneously of that Incrustation, which exposes many Ladies and Gentlemen to the pernicious Practice of having their Teeth-Scaled. From its Astringency it strengthens the Gums, and prevents found Teeth from Decay, whilst it keeps decayed ones from becoming worse, and often proves the happy means of preventing their being drawn. It may operate as a useful Caution to Numbers, to be ap- prized of the Reasons why the Asiatics'have more beautiful Teeth, and less subject to Decay, than any other Nation— Their regular Practice is to wash their Mouths after every Meal: In cleaning their Teeth they use the AOAURA, upon Brushes made of the softest Goat’s-hair; they carefully avoid applying Acids and saline Substances of every Kind, from a well-founded Conviction, that Acids of all Kinds do whiten the Teeth, by corroding their external Surface the Enamel) nearly in the same Proportion as a hard brush wears it away; hence the hasty, and often universal Decay of a whole set of Teeth amongst Europeans. To be convinced, let Teeth drawn from People accustomed to the acid Tinctures, Cream of Tartar, Allum, and common Salt be viewed with a Micro- scope, innumerable Perforations or small Holes on their exter- nal Surface will at once proclaim the Mischiefs done to Teeth by Acids, which having abraded their Cover or Enamel, the bony part must of Course become carious, by Exposure to the Air. To prevent Impositions, every one of the following Pre- parations is wrapped up in a Bill similar to this, sealed with the Proprietor’s Name at length. Any sold without are spuri- ous and Counterfeits. The high Patronage and extensive demand, the Proprietor of this Powder has been honoured with, has induced various Impostors to prepare a spurious Sort, which they foist upon the Public at a low Price, and which is disposed of at the Shops of several Druggists and Perfumers in Town, under the Title of “ Asiatic Tooth-powder.” Ladies and Gentlemen, are therefore desired to take particular Notice, that the Ge- nuine ASIATIC TOOTH POWDER, is only to be Pur- chased as above, and no where die in London; each Box Sealed and Signed, “ C. CLARK;” all other are Counter- feits. Oriental Dentifrice, or Asiatic Tooth-powder, 2s. 6d. a Box, which will last a very considerable Time, its Effects on the Teeth being so permanent as not to require frequent Use. Tooth-Tincture, 2s. 3d. the Bottle. India Tooth-Brushes, 1s. each.