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HINTS
ON  THE   PRESENT  STATE
MEDICAL. EDUCATION AND THE INFLUENCE
MEDICAL,  SCHOOLS
NEW  ENGLAND.
       WITH  AN APPENDIX CONTAINING

                 A REVIEW
of a letter by t. woodward m. d. addressed
to professor lincoln and first published in
       the Vermont Statesman of the
              19th march 1833.
  When serious Abuses are known to exist it is time they were corrected.  The First Step towards
Reform is to excite Attention to the existing Evils. Some Individual must take this First Step
or Reform is out of the question.                                 • ■.
BY BENJAMIN LINCOLN.

,V- ■•!
      BURLINGTON:
PRINTED FOR TIJE AUTHOR.
             1833. 
A
c  ;       .  ,Z.^
  IV

  /**
  /.736^)           CONTENTS.

  /?33>                    ----
PREFACE—Containing an Exposition of the Motives  which have produced
              this Publication.
HINTS &.c—Containing two Sections, viz.
                  Sect. I—The Influence of those Views and Feelings, which
                    ^f        are developing themselves under our Form
                               of Government, on our Character as a Lite-
                               rary and Scientifick People.
                  Sect. II—This Influence  traced in  the  Present  State of
                               Medical Education in New England.
APPENDIX—Divided into three  Parts :—The First Part .containing a History
              of all the principal facts,  which gave rise to a Letter by T.
              Woodward M. D., addressed to Prof. Lincoln and first published
              in  the Vermont Statesman on the  19th of March  1833.  The
              Second Part contains a Review of that Letter.   The Third Part
              contains several Documents made use of in Part Second, with
              concluding Remarks, &c.
                            PART FIRST.
                  Sect. I—A history of the circumstances  under which
                               Messrs.  C. H. O. Cdte, J. B. Allard, Silves-
                              ter Cartier and Seraphin Viger, were admit-
                               ted into the Medical College of the U. Vt. in
                               1831.
                  Kfct. II—History of  a base attempt, on the  part of Dr.
                               Woodward, to interfere with the plans of these
                               Gentlemen, who were  desirous of receiving
                               Instruction in the  Medical College, and to in.
                               duce  them to resort to the Vermont Academy
                               of Medicine for Instruction.
                  Sect. Ill—Notice of an unprovoked and outrageous attack,
                               by  Dr.  Woodward, on the  Character of the
                               Medical  Faculty of the University of Vt.
                  Sect. IV—Notice of the Publication of my Appeal to the
                               Publick, which first made its appearance in
                               the Burlington Sentinel, on  the 28th Decern.
                               ber 1832 ;—with the Reasons which  induced
                               me to make that Appeal.
                      PART SECOND,  being a Review of Dr. Woodward's
                        Letter  to Prof. Lincoln.
                  Sect. V—Dr.  W. Pleads Guilty to the Charges,  and sets up
                               a defence, which is not made out, even ad-
                               mitting the truth of his statements.
                  Skct. VI—Dr. W.'s defence rests solely on Willful False-
                               hoods.
                      PART THIRD, Containing Documents, <fec. 
PREFACE.
 During the  last year of my Pupilage  in Medicine, certain circum-
 stances combined to fix my attention on the subject of Medical Edu-
 cation in New England.   The lamentable want of a proper prepara-
 tory  education, on  the  part of a gieat majority of all those who
 resort to our Publick Schools for instruction in the elements of Medi-
 cal Science ;—the mismanagement, on the part of private Instructors,
 by which many pupils lose  nearly one year out of the  three years,
 which include the entire  term of pupilage !—the laxity on the part
 of some of those to whom is intrusted the power of granting Licences
 and Degrees;—the  artifices employed by Teachers in some of our
 Schools,  for the purpose of  drawing large classes ;—these were
 among the most prominent points to which  my attention  was then
 directed.
   I had evidence,-direct and positive, that some Teachers were much
 more active in soliciting the attendance of young men than in making
 their lectures worth attending ; and could not  but suspect that the
 cause of sound Learning  was ioreign to the views of such men.  [No
 allusion is here made to the Schools in  which I was instructed.]
   About three years ago, I resolved to lay before  the Publick, at some
 future time, and through the medium of some one of our Scientifick
 Journals, an Essay on  the present state of Medical Schools and of
 Medical Education in New England.   [Had the original plan been
 strictly adhered  to,  the proposed would probably have been accom-
 plished in about one year from this  time.]
   After conversing with several gentlemen, in whose opinions I place
 great confidence, and  some of whom stand among the  foremost of
 our Profession, my conviction both of the expediency of what I had
 proposed to do and of the responsibility I was about to assume, was
strengthened ; and I set about with more diligence than before,  to
collect  authentick facts and other materials necessary 'for such a
work.   It was my intention to examine the whole subject with all that
patience  and candour, which so important an undertaking demands, 
4
PREFACE,
and to withhold the publication till what was written should bear testi-
mony to the fidelity of the anonymous Author.
  From the day when my attention was first called to  the  subject of
Medical Education in New England, to this time, that subject has nev-
er been absent from my mind.  For several years it has been my lot to
be a Publick Teacher of the Elements of Anatomy.  I have had the
honour to  teach in two highly respectable Schools in New England
and also in the Medical College of the University of Maryland.   My
time has been devoted, almost exclusively, either to actual teaching,
or to labours immediately connected with teaching.  I  have been
quite extensively - acquainted with Medical Students, and, to some
extent, acquainted  with gentlemen engaged in the practice of Medi-
cine.   These facts are stated, not to prove my ability to form a correct
estimate of the influence exerted by Medical Schools, but merely to
show what have been my opportunities for observation, &c.
  Circumstances of an extraordinary nature have induced me to de-
viate so far from my proposed plan, as to  bring before the gentlemen
of the Profession in this State, in my own name, one part  of the sub-
ject above-named at this time.  This seems to be the most favourable
moment for exciting attentien to certain  abuses which are known to
exist in some of our Medical Schools ; and when once the attention
of  gentlemen can be excited and fixed upon such  abuses, nothing
more need be done to insure, at least a partial, reformation.
   It did not  enter into my original plan  to speak of any particular
Schools, nor  to allude to any Individuals.—I  had proposed to state,
in general terms, what I have the means of proving in relation to In-
dividuals, provided interest enough should be excited to  induce any
one to call for the proof, and to request a more explicit statement.
 My chief anxiety was lest, being obliged  to make charges of misman-
 agement  and abuse of  publick  confidence in a general manner  few
 persons would take the trouble to investigate for themselves; and thus
 the great end  in view finally fail of being accomplished. But help
 has come from a  quarter whence it was least expected/  I can now
 with propriety point to an example and show that, in one instance at
 Teast, the abuses complained of are real.  Dr. Woodward,  Dean of
 the Faculty in the Vermont Academy of Medicine, has recently ap-
 peared before the public, and, in a letter addressed to me (published
 I the Vermont Statesman on the 19th of March) has openly avowed
 principles and practice, in relation to the management of the School
  in which he holds the office of Dean, whichare mamfestly subversive
  of the best interests of Medical Education. 
PREFACE.
5
  This published letter, from Dr. Woodward, is a document of more
importance than  it appears to be, to those who are not particularly
acquainted with the management of Medical Schools.*
  Some  parts of it were evidently  written in haste and contain ex-
pressions which the unprejudiced Reader will so construe as to make
all  proper allowances.   A considerable portion  of it is  couched in
language which no Man, who had been educated a gentleman, could
ever use.  In relation to such parts the candid Reader will make all
necessary allowances.
   It might very naturally be  supposed, by one not yet  acquainted
with the whole matter, that such charges as Dr. Woodward has made
against me  would provoke me to anger and therefore some may sus-
pect that I  am influenced  by a spirit of revenge.   A  moment's  re-
flection, however, will convince  any  one  that charges  made without
regard even to the semblance of truth,—chaiges which can easily be
shown to be idle or malicious falsehoods—are far less calculated to
excite the passions, than charges made by one who knows how to
give to falsehood the exterior of truth,—by charges which, though
false, it may not be easy to disprove.   And furthermore, when short-
sighted falsehood attacks the very strongest holds of a  man's charac-
ter, instead of being excited  by anger, he  is in more danger of being
lifted  up by pride.  Had Dr. Woodward been more  self-possessed,
had he put off writing till the " hurry of business" was over for  a
season, allowed himself time to find out some of my many  weak points
and made his attack on them,—had he taken a little pains to  inter-
 weave truth with falsehood—I cannot say what might  have been my
 feelings at  this time.  But, as circumstances are, I confess that it is
much more difficult to practice the Virtue of  Meekness, than that of
 IVfjjjj^Hr/ftss.   *V
   With  the moral  character of Dr.  Woodward  I have  no concern
except just  so far as it is necessarily connected with his qualifications
for the  station  which he holds.   That lie has his  good  points  as  a
citizen,  I have no reason to doubt and no wish  to  deny ; but I can
demonstrate that no words in the English Language are too strong to
express  the decree of Falsehood (if falsehood can have  degrees) in-
volved in his letter.  And when  once it is proved that a man  has no

  * In the appendix will be found a brief history of that letter,as connected with
an Appeal to the Publick, written  by myself and first published in the Burlington
Sentinel on the 28th of December 1832.  I have caused a large number of co-
pies of Dr.Woodward's letter and of my Appeal to be printed and a copy of each
will accompany this pamphlet. 
G
PREFACE.
regard for the  truth, nothing more can be  necessary  to prove that
his connexion with a Publick Seminary of Learning 19 a Publick Ca-
 lamity.
   The Reader will be able to judge, for himself whether I am sincere
wheh I say that I entertain no spirit  of revenge—no feelings of per-
sonal hostility against this unfortunate man.   Much as I lament the
pernicious influence by him exerted on the Profession,—cordially as,I
 despise the  conduct and the motives by him publicly acknowledged
 and  defended,—deep and lasting as is  my hatred  of Falsehood and
 Malice—towards him  I  feel no personal hostility.
   The position  which I have assumed is by no  means an  enviable
one :—it has, however, been taken deliberately and it will be main-
tained with firmness.   At the call of Duty I have taken my stand and
will never abandon it, let the consequences be  what they may.   No-
thing  but  the consciousness  of faithfulness  in  the  discharge of my
Duty  would  have nerved my feeble arm for a conflict with men  who
have turned  Pirates on the great High-ways  of Science which they
were commissioned to watch over and to protect.
   Finally, " I ask the Reader's patience not his favour, for the thing
itself  will  shortly show whether I have acted sincerely or whether I
have been a  man-slayer."  (Sydenham.)
r    ~w>y 
HINTS
                 ON THE PRESENT  STATE OF

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND  THE INFLUENCE OF
                 MEDICAL SCHOOLS

                          IN

                 NEW  ENGLAND.
Section I.—The Influence of those Views  and Feelings, which are
   developing themselves under  our Form of Government, on our
   character as a Literary and a Scientifick People.

   § 1. The first Duty, which every Republican owes to the State, is to
make himself an enlightened and virtuous Man—the only fit subject
for self-government;—and his next Duty is  to lend his aid, cordially
and efficiently, to the work of making others so.
   That  this position is true, is proved from the important truth daily
echoed all around us, viz. the Stability of our Institutions depends
upon  the Intelligence and Virtue of the Peofle.—And surely it
is a momentous question for Us to answer,—what is the tendency of
those Institutions themselves ?
   The dictates  of self-preservation should impel a Free Government
to cherish Knowledge and the Manly Graces  amongst its Subjects.
It is  much to be feared, however, that many men, who esteem them-
selves true to the  cause of Political and Religious Freedom, are at
no pains to enquire into the nature  and the extent  of their own per-
sonal  obligations as Subjects of a Free Government.
  §2. I assume it as true that a Christian People will be Virtuous in pro-
portion as they are Enlightened, and, consequently, that Knowledge
t* that Power, which only can sustain our Political  and Religious
Freedom ; and now I ask—what  is  the tendency of our Institutions ?
What is  the direct  and natural tendency of the views  and feelings
which are growing up under our  Republican form of Government ? 
8
Is that tendency to diffuse Knowledge, or to prevent its diffusion ?—
to excite to lofty attainments in intellectual worth, or to make men
satisfied  with the merest Elements of  Knowledge ?
   Let us for a moment suppose the former, and follow out the con-
clusions  to which such a supposition irresistibly leads.   On this sup-
position our Republick contains, within itselfthe principle of Life and
Health and it must flourish forever.  If Knowledge is the Stability of
our Institutions, and if the direct and natural tendency of those Insti-
tutions is to  cherish Knowledge and to diffuse it,—then " the great
experiment" cannot (ail—indeed, on this supposition, it has succeed-
ed;—the Political Millennium has already dawned upon Us, and We
are free  forever ;—destined to increase in Knowledge  and  in Virtue
and in Political Power, without  limit!   And  how  many  thousands
of our citizens are indulging in this revery ?  Singing the Syren Song
of" happy and free,"—and resting as unconcerned about their own
mental habits and the illumination of the Publick Mind, as if they had
no part to act in this great experiment;—no Ignorance to be dispell-
ed ,—no Prejudices to overcome ,—no bad Passions to  conquer :—or
loud in their praises of our " Glorious Constitution," which they are
too idle  to read, and too  ignorant to comprehend ;—pretending to
admire the Grandeur and feel Security  within the walls of that Temple
whose very Foundation they are daily  undermining*.   Let  such men
remember that the Republican  Institutions so  dear  to them, have no
foundation  other than  that  Arch on which is laid Man's  ability to
govern himself; and that the Blocks  composing  that Arch, must be
taken from the Quarry "of Mind,—hewn out and fashioned by Edu-
cation,—ordered and plumbed in Righteousness,—and cemented by
 the Bonds of Peace.  Let such men read in the  experience of a World,
 this one truth, viz. a vigorous and sustained effort is necessary to dif-
fuse and to cherish Knowledge amongst any People.
   §  3.  We are eminently a money-getting People and he must have
 been a careless reader of '• Debates"  who has not learned that, in the

   * Whatever may be a man's regard for truth and honour, whatever the upright-
 ness of his general conduct—however active he maybe in business—however
 liberal in his publick acts or beneficent in his private  walk,—so long as he is ig-
 norant, voluntarily ignorant—so long as he  lives a stranger to Books and without
 habits of Study and Meditation—so  long he is not a  true Republican.  He is a
 Nullifier who fails to cultivate his own intellectual powers; he  is a Disorganizer
 who cherishes his prejudices.  He  who lives in voluntary ignorance and allows
 his children to grow up in the same habits, is a Traitor to his  Country's dearest
 Rights and highest Interests. 
                                 g

vocabulary of our Capitol, the Wealth of the Nation is made synony-
mous with the Well-fare of the Nation.
   The great mass of our Citizens, finding a daily use, a  dollar-and-
cent value for the little elementary Knowledge they possess, cannot
be made to see that Knowledge has intrinsick  Worth.  To them, the
love of Knowledge  for its own sake,  is a Chimera :—of the effect of
hard study and the acquisition of Scientifick Principles, in disciplining
the Mind, exalting the Rational Soul, and qualifying the Man to be-
come the Philosopher, they are of necessity, utterly unconscious.
   Well educated men, men to whose hands the Interests of Science
may safely be committed, are, and always must be, a Minority in eve-
ry Country ; and our chief misfortune is that the Interests of Science,
so far as they depend on the State (the Sovereign People), are in the
hands of men who know little of its value—nothing of its  interests—
nothing of its wants.
   From the  very  nature  of  the case,  it is impossible that  our
Legislators  should be  the  guardians of Literature  and Science ;
and hence it becomes the solemn duty of Scholar-like men, in what-
ever stations they maybe, to watch over the Fountains of Knowledge,-
to see that they are kept pure and that their streams flow  deeper and
wider, as our Population thickens and our  Domain extends*.
   The spirit of converting Knowledge into " gold  and purple" has
deeply infected the (so called) learned professions and the ranks of po-
litical aspirants ; and the consequence is, that,  with a few honourable
exceptions, our Professional and Political men seem to be aiming to
give a practical solution of the Problem—with how little Learning can
High Places be held ?

   * They who appoint Legislators (i. e. " the majority") now nothing of the true
and enduring Worth of Knowledge*  We need not go far, to find men who openly
profess to regard the possession of Sound Learning is  an " objection to a man of
business" .'.'  " Let us elect a man of business,"—is now the cry ; and by a man
of business is not  meant the man who understands business best, and who best
knows how to Legislate for the Interests of all ; but "a ?nan of business" means
a man who knows nothing else than how to perform, passably well, his daily occu-
pation, who can se; no farther than to the supposed limits of his own interest and
the interests of his fellow  craft-men.  " Let us elect  a man of our own profes-
sion"—this is Republicanism now a days—so says the Farmer and so says the
Mechanick—so says the Manufacturer and so says the Merchant, &c. &c.  And
where are the men who look upon their daily occupations, not  as the end of life,
but as the means of living, that they may accomplish far higher  ends—and where
is  their Candidate 1—They are in" the minority" and their Candidate is sought
after only in times of Difficulty and Danger.
       2 
10
    If such  is the state of things, it behooves us to inquire diligently
  after the means of Reform.  If such is the tendency of our Institutions,
  it behooves us, as  we prize  those Institutions and wish for their per-
  manence, to inquire after the proper checks and balances.
   Among those who see and acknowledge the Evil in question, some
  are in the habit of saying that it is an evil necessarily attendant on the
  Infancy of all Governments and that it will correct itself.  But do not
  such men forget that, as an intellectual people, we are no more  in
  our infancy than the people of Great Britain are 1  This nation is as a
  Scion taken from an adult tree, not a Seedling, slowly arriving at ma-
  turity.  Do such men  see any direct tendency  in our Institutions to
  correct this acknowledged evil ?  Have we,  from  past  experience,
  any reason to expect a change for the better, unless a vigourous and
  sustained effort is made to bring about this change ?   Are our pro-
  fessional men any better  educated  than formerly ?   Is  the  relative
 number of illiterate men  who enter the several  professions less than
 formerly ?   No—the contrary is true,—and we have too  much rea-
 son to fear, that, instead of  growing better, things will grow worse.
   Does any  one ask, hoio shall we bring our influence to  bear on the
 state of Education ?  I answer it will be time enough to call for in-
 formation on this point, when we feel that something is due from us.
 With right views of our  own personal  obligations, as members of a
 Free Government, we shall need no instruction as to the way in  which
 those Obligations can be practically acknowledged.
   As connected more immediately with my  prese.it subject however,
 I would observe that the influence of Teachers, for good or for ill, is
 immense, and operates most powerfully  where it is perhaps least felt.
 There is, therefore, one way, plain and  direct, in  which  every  well
 educated man may  bring his  influence to bear upon the  welfare of his
 country ; viz. by making himself  acquainted with the moral  and in-
 tellectual characters and also with the official  conduct of  Teachers ;
 and by withholding his  countenance  and suppott  from  those, who,
 from moral obliquity or intellectual deficiencies, are exercising an in-
 fluence prejudicial to the best Interests of Science.
  It is '^especially necessary that  this  watchfulness be exercised in  a
 community like ours, in  which there are so few restrictions  on individ-
 ual activity and enterprize.  With us, men are, for the most part, lett
free to pursue what ever business best suits their tastes or promises
the greatest pecuniary remuneration ;  and surely no one can wish tft
see that Liberty curtailed, except just so  far as certain restrictions on
the liberty of  Individuals, are necessary for the well-being  of  the
 Whole. 
11
   Our Statute, 23d of 1827, requires that a man, to be a Teacher in
 a Town School, shall be approbated, after examination, by the School
 Committee.   By this Law the Freedom of the Individual is in a cer-
 tain degree curtailed, and for good and obvious reasons ;—but in all
 Private Schools, he may legally teach  who chooses  to do so, and it
 must rest with enlightened Patrons, and with them alone, to restrain
 such men as, without proper qualifications, assume the very respon-
 sible office  of Teacher.
   These remarks might be much extended, if it  were our purpose to
 treat of Education in general.  But it is to  the subject of Medical
 Education that I would  now call the Reader's  especial attention. The
 preceding remarks have been introduced, merely for the purpose of
 showing that all branches of Mental Education are in danger of neg-
 lect and perversion ; and I think that no intelligent and observing man
 can have failed to see  that,  for  some  reason or  other, the Educa-
 tion of^Physicians, as a body of men, is more grossly deficient than that
 of any other class of Professional Men.  The reasons, why there is
 greater danger of deficiency in their education than in the education
 of other men, are obvious enough ; and the present state of our Med-
 ical Schools, taken in connexion with the present state  of the Profes-
 sion, furnishes ample proof of the necessity of vigilance on the part
 of all  Scholar-like men.
   My object will be accomplished, if I  can but succeed in awaking
 the attention of Gentlemen,  and inducing them to investigate for
 themselves, and I am, therefore, little desirous of discussing the subject
 fully myself.  The  following remarks may however do  something to
 wards ensuring the  accomplishment of the proposed end.

 Section II.  The influence of the Views and  Feelings,  which are de-
   veloping  themselves under our Form of Government, traced in the
   Present state of Medical Education in New England.

  I (A) In most cases, it may safely be left to  the Intelligence of the
 People to judge, each one for himself, of the qualifications of men in
 their several Occupations.  But in relation to the Profession of Medi-
 cine, the great mass  of People are utterly incapable of forming a cor-
 rect estimate.  On no other subject is there so much profound Ignor-
 ance, (and, at the same time, so  much  pretension  to  Knowledge)
 among the People themselves ;  and, consequently, no  other Profes-
 sion affords  so many hiding-places for Ignorance,—so sure protection
to Imposture. 
12
  (B)  The inability,  in the mass of the People,  to  judge correctly
of the qualifications of men, assuming the  title of Physician, is recog-
nized by almost every Legislature in Christendom,  and  certain le-
gal provisions have been  made for  protecting  Society  against  the
rapacity of ignorant and unprincipled Pretenders.
  In the State of Vermont, no  man  can Legally Practice Medicine
unless  approbated,  after examination,  by the Censors of a County
Medical Society,  or  by the  Faculty of a Medical School ;—and
this fact is sufficient to show that the State has appointed, as Guar-
dians of its Health, certain Examiners.                          '"
   Doubtless it is presumed that these Examiners are themselves q:fi-
fied to judge of the qualifications of others—above the influence of
bribes,—jealous of the Honour of their Profession,—and faithful to a
confiding Publick.
   To  this Fact,  viz.  that the  State (the Publick,  the People)  has
demanded, of every man assuming the  Functions of the Physician, a
Certificate of Competency from others, (piesumed  of couise to be
competent to judge and  unbiassed  in  their  decisions) I would call
the Reader's especial attention.
   The State does not directly appoint the Examiners, but it desig-
nates, as the only legal Examiners,  the Censors of the County Med.
 Societies and the Officers of Med. Schools ;  and, let  it be observed
 that, these  Societies and these  Schools exist, as Bodies Corporate,
 in virtue of certain Acts of the State.
    Our attention will be directed to the  Duties and Responsibilities
 of these Examiners.  But it is necessary, in the first place, to take
 a view of the present state of Med. Science amongst us (so far as it
 can be inferred from the  intellectual character of a majority of the
 Profession) and to recall to mind the  Relations  existing  between
 the Officers of Med. Schools, on the one hand, and their Pupils and
 Candidates for M. D., on the other.*
    § 5. (A) The prevailing opinion, with  persons not  professional,
  and even with very  many who claim the title and who assume the
  functions of the Physician, seems to be that" the whole  Art of Medi-
  cine consists in wielding the powers of the Materia Medica," and
  Medicine is supposed to be a mere  Art, and to require, for its suc-

    * With the Censors of the County Medical Societies, I have at present nothing
  to do ;-and therefore  it is only to such  Examiners as hold that  Responsible
  Station in virtue of their connexion with Medical Schools, that I would now call
  the attention of the Publick. 
13
cessful attainment, no other Preparatory Education, than what is ne-
cessary to  enter on  an apprenticeship to any  one of the ordinary
Mechanick Arts.  These views, so radically false and so utterly op-
posed to all that is dignified and really useful in the Profession,  are
the views, not of the mass of the People only—they are the views of
a great  many of Physicians  themselves, (if we may judge of their
opinions from the Men).   Nor  are these views entertained  by the
least enlightened men only, but they are the views of many, not Pro-
fessional, who, on other subjects, are to a  very considerable extent,
er' ^htened men.
  tjJB) One of the necessary consequences of these false views of the
Rc.uk  of Med. Science, is a  deplorable want of Preparatory  Educa-
tion in many Pupils who  enter  on the Study.  The evils, resulting
from this deficiency in  the previous Education of Medical Students,
can, perhaps, be best appreciated bv one who has had an opportunity
to observe the progress of Students of different degrees of mental cul-
tivation  and  who is himself, in some degree, a  Medical Scholar.
To all such men I confidently appeal  for the  truth of the following
statement, viz. To a great proportion of Medical Students  in New
England, the Philosophy of Medicine is absolutely unattainable.  In-
deed—how can it be possible that Philosophical Researches, which
involve  the very Depths of Human Learning—which exhaust the in-
tellectual resources of the greatest and most  learned men,  can be
comprehended at all, by those whose whole education is included in
 being able to " read, write and cypher ?"
   (C) With us,  the entire Term of Pupilage is three years !—And
are we to believe that a young man can learn the Elements of Med-
ical Science in less time  than is required for the apprentice to learn
the " Art and Mystery" of the Smith or the Joiner ?  The ordinary
term of apprenticeship is seven years (more or less), while the term
of  Pupilage in Medicine  is three years !  This Contrast gives but an
imperfect notion of the actual Disparity in the two cases, unless we
bear in mind this fact,  viz. the previous education of the Pupil in
Medicine and the Artizan's Apprentice is the same;  and  this educa-
tion is quite deficient, even when  considered in relation to the wants
of the Apprentice.
   In assigning the term of Pupilage, no distinction is made between
those  who enter  on their Pupilage with no  other  preparatory Edu-
cation than what may be picked up during a few years' (or  perhaps
a few months') attendance on our common Schools and Academies,
and which is indispensable to the Artizans'  Apprentice, and  those 
11
vrho enter on their Pupilage with a  Collegiate Education.*   It  re-
quires no argument to prove that this arrangement is radically bad.
The consequence of it is that the Standard of intellectual attainments
to which the candidate for M. D.  must rise, is kept down to the level
of the ordinary attainments of the uneducated.
   (D) The term of Pupilage, as established in New England, is short,
even for those  who  have been liberally educated.  Three years is
no long period for  attaining the Elements of Medical Science, to one
who brings to the  work a mind already disciplined by Study—chas-
tened and elevated by Classical Learning—expanded by Mathemat-
ical Reasoning—and rendered acute in the analysis of  Phenomena,
by Natural Philosophy, Chymistry and Natural History.
  A great majority of all our Medical  Students must be taught the
Elements of Mathematicks, Nat. Phil. Chymistry and Botany, during
their three years' Pupilage, or  they never acquire any Knowledge of
these necessary and fundamental  departments of a Medical Educa-
tion.  The very fact, that a Teacher of the  Elements of Chymistry
makes one of the Faculty, in every Medical School  in New England,
is of itself, sufficient to show that, a certain portion  at  least, of our
Pupils, enter on their Professional Studies under such circumstances
as to make it idle  to expect them to  be qualified for performing the
Duties of a Physician, in the short space of three years.
  From my own observation as a Teacher, I am convinced that, of
two young men with  equal Natural Talents, the one who has received
a good Collegiate Education (or its equivalent) will  learn  more  of
the Science of Medicine in one year,  than the other,  whose prepara-
tory  Education is that of a  majority of Med.  Students,  can possibly
learn in three  years.   And the difference between these two  men
does not cease with their Pupilage :—the one  is prepared to advance
without limit—the  other soon reaches that point, beyond which ad-
vancement is impossible, unless he will  go back to the neglected Ele-
ments and, by hard Study, make  himself what  he should have been
at the outset;  and  this, few men will  do.   The  Educated man alone
can be said to profit  by experience.   He knows how to observe ; the
other does not.
  (E)  The Degree of Doctor in Medicine places two men, both  of

  * In this, and in all  other places where a Collegiate Education is spoken of, or
alluded to, I would not be understood as insisting upon the necessity of that Ed-
ucation being received within College walls.  It is the Education, not the place,
where it was obtained, for which I contend. 
                                   15

  whom have received it, upon the same footing before the Community;
  and, by an unavoidable consequence, the Profession is  filled with il-
  literate men, while they, who alone can adorn it and be of real utility
  to the State, are, for the most part,  induced to turn their attention
  to other Subjects.  Whatever qualifications, suggested by his  own
  observations and  experience, the  Reader  may find it necessary to
  make, in relation to any statement here made, he  cannot  but admit
  all for which it is worth  while to contend at present,  viz. that  un-
  der our present System, illiterate men, in great numbers, (and in some
  (not  very rare) cases, grossly, and criminally ignorant men)—do en-
  ter the Profession of Medicine.   There is a strong temptation held
  out to them to enter a Profession, the Badge and Insignia of which
  elevate them in the Public Estimation, to a level with men who have
  spent most of their lives, and  perhaps air their patrimomy, in the ac-
  quisition of Knowledge.*
    § 6. (A) It is well Known that the  Officers of our Medical Schools
  are at once both  the Teachers and the Examiners  of  Medical  Stu-
  dents :—that, as Teachers, their Salaries are not fixed—are not de-
  rived from a Fund, but depend upon the number of their Pupils and
  arise solely from the sale  of Tickets.
    (B) If may not perhaps be so generally  known that  at  most (and
  as I suppose at  all) of the Medical Schools in  New England, every
  Candidate for the Degree of Doctor, whose examination is pronounced
  satisfactory, pays to the Examiners a fee called the "Graduation Fee;"
  while they who  are not appioved,  after examination, do  not pay this
  fee.t   So that, for every Degree conferred, the  Examiner receives a
  fee.
    § 7. I shall now close these Hints by proposing the following Ques-
 tions  and submitting Answers to the same, viz.

  * The fact that illiterate (and often, most grossly ignorant^ men do crowd into
 the Profession of Medicine is notorious,  and has  been  the  subject of remark
 thousands of times within the last ten years, by men in and out of the Profession.
 Nay more,—It is notorious that the ease with which the Degree of M. D. is ob-
 tained at somo of our Schools is a strong  temptation, not only to those who (inno-
 cently perhaps on their part) have not enjoyed the necessary preparatory Educa-
 tion—but also to mere idlers—to men too idle to work and loo idle to learn.  It
 would be saying no more than I have often heard from the lips of observing men,
 both in and out of the Profession, were I  to say that, of all the methods of getting
 a livelihood invented by Yankee ingenuity, no one secures its object so effectually
 and  with so little expense of Mental Labour as " turning  Doctor."
  t The only School in the U. S. so far as I know, which has had the  good sense
and  the  Magnanimity to abolish this «• Graduation Fee" is the Med. Col. U. Md. 
16
   First. What are the Duties of the Officers of our Medical Schools
considered as Teachers, and what the Responsibilities of those Offi-
cers considered as Examiners ?  Second.   Is  there  any where re-
set ved the Power to call such Officers to account  for Malconduct—
to protect the Publick from the evil effects of their Influence on the
Profession, and to remove them from Office, when convicted of breach
of Publick Trust?
   (A) A  solemn obligation  is imposed on every man, who accepts
the office of a Publick Teacher cf Medicine, to consider well the Rela-
tion which he thereby assumes to the cause of Science ;—to bear him-
self above all selfish and mercenary aims and to look with a single eye
to the  highest Interests of his Pupil and to the Welfare of Society :-
to know and to desire no prosperity of " the School" which is not
identified with the continue Advancement and Honour of his Pro-
fession.
   (B)  As  Examiners, the Officers of  Medical  Schools are respon-
sible to the Publick.  Although not appointed by the Publick, never-
theless, to the Publick they are  manifestly responsible (See  § 4  (B)
page 12,)  and the weight of this responsibility is increased, rather
than diminished, by  the circumstance that they  are removed beyond
the direct and immediate control of those who have confided a sacred
trust to their hands.
   (C)  The power of removing Publick Teachers  from  office  is in
the hands of those who hold the appointing power,  viz. in the hands
of certain  Trustees, over whom the  Publick has no direct  control.
This is as it should be ; and if these Trustees were duly impressed by
the sacredness of the Trust committed to them, and had their eyes fully
open to see the consequence of retaining unprincipled men in office,
there could be little danger of the existence of any serious abuses.
But it is certain that lor some reason or other, unprincipled men are
retained in office, and it is our Duty and our Interest, if we cannot
effect their removal,  to do what in us lies to save the Profession from
the evil effects of their influence.
   It belongs to those who support Medical Schools to say  whether,
by countenancing  and employing unprincipled  Teachers they  will
countenance and perpetuate gross abuses and violations of  Publick
Confidence ;  or whether they will put a check  to  the existence of
such Abuses,  by withholding their countenance and  support from all
unprincipled men.
   Let every ingenuous young man, who seeks for Instruction in the
Elements of his Profession, remember that his own Dignity and his 
17
own Usefulness should be one with the Dignity and Usefulness of his
Profession.   Let him bear in mind that  they who are most ready to
offer cheap and  easy terms—to depart from the written Laws of the
School in favour of those who  have not accomplished their f hort term
of Pupilage,—to magnify their own Praise and to defame the Charac-
ter of others, are not of necessity the men who think least of  their
own pecuniary Emolument, or who are most earnestly devoted to ex-
tending the Means  of Instruction.   Let all  honourable young  men
avoid such speculators, and they must soon cease to exert their bane-
ful influence on the Profession.   To Medical Students, and to their
Advisers, the  Practitioners of Medicine,  it chiefly belongs to correct
the existing evils, not  by attempting to remove the Authors of those
evils from Office, for that cannot be done except indirectly, but by
withholding their countenance and support.
   § 8. It has been stated that certain Abuses do exist and, in the pre-
ceding pages, the common Ground of all of them has been explicitly
stated.   That nothing may be wanting on my part, I will here spe-
cify certain acts which are considesed as Abuses, calling loudly  for
correction, viz.
   1st.   The issuing of false or extravagant Circulars, and the print-
ing of false Catalogues, all tending to  deceive Students and to  de-
ceive the Publick.
   2nd.   The direct interference of Teachers, " verbally and by let-
ter," with  the purposes and plans of Students,—the inducing them
to " forsake the Course, which  their own Judgments pointed out as
most judicious," in relation to the selection  of their Teachers,—the
invention of  calumnious  falsehoods  against the  officers of  other
Schools and the telling these falsehoods to  Medical Students  for
the purpose  of securing their attendance.
   3d.  The  sending of secret,  confidential Agents  into the region
round about  to look up Pupils ;—clothing these Agents with almost
unlimited powers ;—permitting them to  make  too highly coloured
representations of the  Advantages of certain Schools over others  ;—
authorizing them to Under-bid other Schools and even to under-bid
the published terms of the School whose Agents they  are.
   4th.   Breaking over the published Regulations of the School, in
relation to the Term  of Pupilage, and examining Candidates before
they  have filled out the short Term of three years.
   Who that  has kept an eye  to the doings of Med. Schools  in N.
Eng.,for the past 10 or 15 years, can doubt that these Abuses do exist?
Who that has reflected upon these doings and seen the effect of these 
18
Abuses  can doubt that there are some  Teachers amongst us, who
violate, in the grossest  manner, their obvious, their acknowledged
Duty?
  Let no one, to whom these pages may be sent,  think he  has  no
Personal Interest in this matter, and no Duty to perform in relation
to it.  It is not necessary, nor is it proper,  that I  should say who
they are that thus abuse the confidence reposed in them.—It is suf-
ficient that I have made known my Complaint, have raised the Warn-
ing  Voice, and have called upon  my Fellow Citizens to examine into
the  Grounds of these Complaints and to escape from impending Dan-
ger.
  And when an Individual, however feeble  his powers and limited
the  sphere of his personal influence,—with a sincere  desire to pro-
mote the Interests of his Fellow Citizens and to defend the  Honour
of his Profession, comes openly before the Publick in his own name,
to warn  them of existing Abuses and Breach of Trust,—thereby expo-
sing himself to the Malice and Falsehood of unprincipled men,—the
Publick are bound to listen to him, and to investigate  the Grounds  of
his  complaint.
  To  every Reader, whether Professional or not, I now address my-
self, with all the seriousness with which any man can address hia
Fellow Citizens, and call upon each one Individually to ascertain for
himself, whether there are no men, now holding the places of Teach-
ers  in Med. Schools in N. Eng.,  who look only to selfish ends and
who deliberately sacrifice the Good of Society to private gain ?  Thia
has  often been said to  be the case, by others, in private, I  now say
it Publickly.  It has been charged by the Guilty  on the Innocent ;  X
now call upon those men  who are most deeply interested  to know
the  truth, to determine for themselves who are  the  Guilty—against
whom this charge is true—upon whom it can be fixed.
  That some of the Abuses, of which I complain, are practiced by one
Individual Teacher at  least,  will be proved in the Appendix.  The
Moral  Character of that Teacher may be gathered  from  his own
Communications to  the Publick. 
APPENDIX.
Part First,—History of all the principal facts, which gave rise to
  the Letter by T. Woodward M. D. Addressed  to  Prof.  Lincoln
  and first published in the Vermont Statesman, on the 19th of March
   1833.
Section I.—A History of the circumstances, under  which Messrs.
  C. H. O. Cdte, J. B.  Allard, Silvester  Cartier, and SeraphinVi-
  ger weie admitted to the Med. Coll. U. Vt. in 1831.
  §  1.  In August 1831,  four Canadian gentlemen* called upon the
Dean of the Med. Fac. U. Vt. and made the following  statement,
viz., that they  had come to the U. States for the purpose of attending
a Course of Lectures and offering themselves as  Candidates for M.
D.;  that they  had seen the Circulars of the Med. Coll. U. Vt. and of
the Vt.  Acad, of Med. and were acquainted with the  conditions &c.
of the Med. Coll. U. Pa. :—that they  should  attend the Lectures of
or.e of these three Schools ;  that they were aware  of the existence of
a possible obstacle to admission as Candidates for M. D.  into either
the U. Vt. or the Acad, of Med., viz. the fact that M'Gill  College
in Montreal (whence  their Tickets were  issued)  had not power to
confer the Degree of M. D. ;—but that they had assurance that the
Tickets of M'Gill Coll.  would  be received  at Philadelphia :—that
they preferred to attend  Lectures in the  U. of Vt., for two  reasons,
viz. the proximity of Burlington to Canada, and the difference between
the terms  of payment offered by  the Med. Coll.  and the  Acad, of
Med.,— We requiring Cash payments, the Academy offering Credit:—
that they had come to Burlington eight days before the  commencement
of Med. Lectures, for the purpose of exhibiting their Tickets &c. in
season :—that if  not admitted here, they should apply  to the Acad-
emy ; and if not admitted there, they should go to Philadelphia.
  §  2.(A) The Dean of the Med. Fac. (Prof. Benedict) told them that
the receiving of the Tickets  of  M'Gill  College would be a violation
of the letter  of our Law, in relation to conferring Degrees, that he
was  in doubt how to  act: —that  it was a case unlike any which had

  * Three of them only were present at this time ;  the other came soon after
and was spoken of by the three as one of their number, similarly circumstanced. 
i
APPENDIX.
[PART I.
before been presented to the Faculty: that he was inclined to believe
that the Spirit of our Law  would, in this case, be violated, by ad-
hering to the Letter, and that he would consider the subject.
  (B) Mr. Cote (one of the Canadian Students alluded to, and the one
who acted  for the  Company throughout,) then told Prof. Benedict,
that  the Tickets of  M'Gill College,  were and  had been received,
on the same footing as the Tickets from other  Schools, at London,
Dublin, Edinburgh, Paris and  Philadelphia ; and that there could be
no doubt, that M'Gill  College itself,  would soon (i.  e. before their
next course of Lectures) have the  power to  confer the Degree of
M. D.
  (C) Prof. Benedict then said, that he had no doubt that the  Spirit
of the Law, of the Med. Coll.  U. Vt.  demanded  the admission of the
Tickets of M'Gill College  ; and that he would write to Dr. Holmes,
one  of  the Faculty of M'Gill  Coll., on  the  subject;—and if  Dr.
Holmes should corroborate what Mr. Cote had said, in relation to the
standing of M'Gill College abroad, that would be considered as suffi-
cient  ground,  on which to  admit those Tickets,  notwithstanding the
letter of our Law forbade their admission.
  § 3.  Mr. Benedict wrote accordingly ;  and, on the  11th or 12th
of August,  I think it was, an answer was received from Dr. Holmes.
Mr. C6te  was informed that  the  Tickets of  M'Gill College would
be received—the Canadian Gentlemen took the Tickets of the Med.
College, attended the Lectures  faithfully, passed Examinations very
creditable to  themselves and are now living in Canada.
  § 4.  The answer from Dr. Holmes was more  tardy in arriving,
than we expected ;  and I distinctly remember  that these Gentlemen
felt much anxiety on that account.   I also distinctly remember that,
sometime during  this delay, and after time enough had elapsed to
allow us daily to expect an answer from Canada, which still had not
then arrived,— in conversation with Mr. Cdte, I advised him to write
to Dr. Woodward and  learn what  would be the fate of his Tickets
at the Academy, and he told me he had written.*

  * I then made no inquiries when he wrote nor  when he sent the letter.  The
Faculty of the Med.  Coll. do not interfere with the plans of Pupils at all, and I
should not even have advised him to write to Dr. W.,  had he not expressly told
Us that, if, when the answer from Canada was received, our decision should be
against them, they should  apply to the Academy &c  And it was  only, when
the delay of Dr. Holmes' letter had become a cause of anxiety to them, and the
time for opening the Academy was drawing nigh, that I advised Mr. Cote to lose
no time, but to write to Dr. W. and learn what would be the fate of their Tickets 
PART I.]
APPENDIX.
3
Sect. II.  History of a base attempt, on  the part of Dr. Woodward,
   to interfere with the Plans of these Canadian Gentlemen, who were
   desirous of receiving  Instruction in the Med. Coll., and to induce
   them to  resort to the Vermont Academy of Medicine for Instruction.

   § 5. Towards the middle of the Lecture Term, I  heard obscure
hints, to this effect,  viz.—that, while we were waiting to hear from
Dr. Holmes, an Agent of Dr. W. was in Town and in company with
Mr, Cdte.   At  length, hearing of this fact from so many quarters, I
inquired of Mr. Cote as to the truth of the Story.   He confirmed what
I had  heard, and at my request communicated to me all the most ma-
terial  facts connected with a most infamous transaction on the part of
Dr. W.  I have quite recently had a conversation with Dr. Cdte on
the same  subject, and have learned some facts of which I was not
before informed.
   I will first state what  Mr. Cdte told me in 1831, and then what Dr.
Cdte told  me in 1833.
   § 6. (A) In 1831, Mr. Cdte told  me that when he wrote to Dr. W. a
letter of inquiry, in relation to the possibility of  their graduating at
Castleton, Dr.  VV. did not  answer his  letter, but sent a Mr. Orms
with a letter  of  Credence, which letter gave Mr. Orms power to make
any airangement he pleased with Mr. Cdte and his associates.
   (B) That Mr. Orms boasted much of the Med. School at Castleton
and urged them  very strongly  to  attend Lectures there.—That he
(Mr. C.)  told Mr. Orms exactly how the case stood :—viz. that they
should attend the Lectures in  Burlington, provided  the Med. Coll.
would receive the Tickets of M'Gill College,—that they were  wait-
ing to  hear  from Canada  (not from Castleton as Mr. Orms has it)
and had written  to Dr. W. to know whether  the Montreal Tickets
would be received at Castleton ; and Mr. C. told Mr. O. that it was
unnecessary  for him to urge them to  go to  Castleton ;—that they
should go  there if they could not be admitted here, and not otherwise.

at Castleton. I then knew  nothing of Dr. W.  in comparison with what  I now
know, and never suspected that he would despatch a certus homo to Burlington
with Instructions  to accuse  us of mail-robbery, for the purpose of exciting the
suspicions of those Gentlemen,—to brag and bribe and finally, three years after-
wards to swear to  a score of wilful lies, in order to screen his  still more corrupt
Master, from merited Scorn.  I have recently learned why  Mr. Cote's letter,
which was publised in the Vt. Statesman by Dr. Woodward and bore date Aug.
2nd. 1832, was not sent till the 8th of that Month, and if Dr. Woodward has any
desire to know the why, he can  probably receive information,  by writing to Dr.
Cote of Lacadie L. C. 
4
APPENDIX.
[PART I.
   (C) Mr.Cdte also told me that, among other things, Mr. Orm3 asked
 him if he was " engaged" to take our Tickets and that he (Mr. C.) did
 not understand what was meant by being engaged to take the Tickets.
 [Mr. Cdte then inquired of me what was meant,  in this Country, by
 a Medical Student's being engaged &c.   And, to  explain it, I  was
 obliged to explain in full, the Agent-sending System, as it is practiced
 by certain Schools in N. England.]
   (D)Mr. Cdte proceeded to state  that, on the Wharf, just before part-
 ing, Mr. Orms told him that, since there were four of them all from
 Canada, if they would all go to Castleton, a discount of eleven dollars
 apiece slnuld  be made.  [See Part Third, No. I. 6.]  At this offer
 of a bribe, said Mr. Cdte, we were  astonished and disgusted.  [See
 Part Third, No. 1.  8.]   He said that they felt insulted and lost all
respect for Dr. W. and his School and that  he resolved, in case it
 became necessary to go to Castleton (by the rejection of their Tickets
 on  our  part) to go as cheap as possible,—to  take Dr. W. on  his
 own terms.   But supposing that a man  base enough to offer a  bribe
 in such a case, would not hesitate to deny his  own act and exact  the
entire  fees, he said to Mr. Orms " I do  not  doubt your  truth,  but
shall expect a letter from Dr. Woodward himself, to corroborate what
you offer" (I think  these were the  exact words of Mr. Cdte,) I then
 asked Mr. Cdte if Dr.  W. wrote to him—he  replied that he did.   I
asked permission to see the letter—Mr. Cdte said he did not like to
expose  a private letter ; but  that  he considered the conduct of  Dr.
Woodward as highly reprehensible and felt it to be his duty to yield
 to my request.
  § 7. (A) A few weeks since, Dr.  Cdte* told  me, in addition to what
 has now been said,  that Mr. Orms asked  him  why his letter to Dr.
 W. was retained so long after it was written and that he told him the
 reason as I have stated on p. 3. § 6.  (B).   That Mr. Orms then  ex-
plained why he asked  the question, viz. he thought it probable that the
letter had been intercepted by the Faculty  of the College, saying that

  * The Reader will observe that Mr. Cdte, Dr. Cdte, Cyril Cdte and Cyrus Caut,
all mean one and the same Man.  See Appendix, Part Third, No. 4. and observe
that when /speak of this Gentleman, in connexion with an event, which trans-
pired previous to the 14th of Nov. 1831, I  call him Mr. Cdte ; but when in con-
nexion with events of a more recent date, I call him Dr. Cdte.  When quoting
the words of Dr. Woodward or Mr. Orms, I quote them literally, and therefore
this rule does not apply to expressions bearing marks of quotation. 
part I.]
APPENDIX.
5
suck things had been done, and uctually asking Mr. Cdte whether We
did interfere with the letter.*
  (B)Mr. Cdte also informed me that he consulted his Associates as to
the best manner of conducting the negociation with the Minister Ple-
nipotentiaiy.   Mr.  Allard and Mr. Cartier insisted on the propriety
of letting Mr. Orms know the exact state of the case without reserve,
and they said at the time, that, since there was very little prospect of
their going to Castleton, it might lead  Dr. W. to suspect some tri-
fling  on their part,  if they  did  not let his  Agent know the whole.
   (C) This is an important fact. It will be observed that in the Letter,
which Mr. Cdte wrote to Dr. W., he said nothing of these circumsatn-
oes ;^-that letter simply stated that they unshed to attend the Lectures
at Castleton.   There was  manifestly no obligation resting on them
to disclose any of these circumstances.—They knew  nothing of the
game that was to be played ;—all they wished to know was  whether
they  could  be admitted to an examination at Castleton  under their
circumstances as  to Tickets &c, and they, knowing  nothing about
Dr. W., supposed he would give them  the information  sought " as
any Gentleman would have done."  But although there was manifestly
no obligation binding them to disclose their purposes, they  chose to
do so.
   § 8.  I have thus, with perfect Fairness, stated all the material facts
relating to this  affair.   Every  one of these facts can be established
by other authority than my  own :—they can be establi: lied  by evi-
dence,  which no man can resist :—and what do they prove?  They
prove First, that Four Young  Men, of their own free choice, appli-
ed for admission to the Medical College.—Second, that the Dean of
the Faculty conducted himself with  scrupulous uprightness, uninflu-
enced by any considerations of private gain.   Third, that Dr. Wood-
ward, on hearing  that these Canadians were in Burlington, instead
of writing to them, and answering their inquiries, sent a secret Agent

  * We  shall see bye and bye who it was that  commissioned this Mr. Orms to,
put such a question to young Gentlemen who were then attending  the Lectures
of the  Medical College. Dr. W. and Mr. Orms would do a Publick service by
coining out and telling who the men  are that " have done such things."   Surely
these young Gentlemen (who were then for the first time in the U. States) must
have thought very lightly of the moral character of the  Faculty, if even Students
were acquainted with such acts.  Men who intercept  letters one  would think
would  not be very ready to tell of it, except to their private Agents, to be sure,
and they must know  the whole  game. 
6
APPENDIX.
[PART I.
into our very Lecture Rooms*, with a view to induce them to leave this
place and go to Castleton ;  that he commissioned  his Agent to make
an inquiry of these men, which imputed to us the crime of intercept-
ing letters at the Post-Office ;—that he  commissioned  him to make
extravagant representations of the advantages offered to Students by
the Vermont  Academy and  to urge them to go to Castleton ;—that
his Agent did make these representations and did urge them to go to
Castleton, after he  knew that it was their desire and their intention
to remain here, provided they could be admitted here :—and, finally,
that this Agent, in  the name of Dr. W., did attempt to bribe  these
young men and induce them to commit an act of treason to what they
believed to be their own best Interest, by offering  a discount of $11
apiece.

Section III.  Notice of an unprovoked and outrageous  attack, by
  Dr. Woodward,  on the character of the Medical  Faculty of the ,
  University.

  §  9.  Knowing as I did all these facts, what  was my astonishment
when I heard that Dr. W., in the presence of a dozen  citizens of Mid-
dletown, accused the Med. Fact. U. Vt. of" taking  underhanded or
dishonourable means to obtain Students"!—of saying that he had an
Ao-ent in Builington at the time and he knew it to be a fact that,  in
the Fall of 1831,  We prevented four Canadian Students from going
to Castleton by giving them the fees of one out of the four !!

Section IV.  Notice of my Appeal to the Publick in 1832, with the
   Reasons which induced me to make that Appeal.

   §  10. My first knowledge of this audacious  calumny was derived
from Dr.Matson, then of Middletown (now of Van-Buren in N. York)
and was communicated in a letter bearing date  Nov.  14th  1832. Im-
mediately on the receipt of this letter,  I wrote to Dr.  Matson and
told him the truth in relation to this affair, so far as it  was then known
to me, requesting him to show my letter to those  persons who heard
Ihe calumny uttered.t  As soon as I could collect the necessary ma-
terials and find leisure to put them together, I published an Appeal
to the Publick in the Burlington  Sentinel of  the 28th Dec.  1832.

* The Lectures began on the 8th and on the 10th, as  I am told, I had the hon-
our to have Mr. Cornelius Orms among my hearers.
  t It is to this letter that Dr. W. alludes when he says "  Your correspondence
was before the Publick previously to that event,  <fec." 
PART I.]
APPENDIX.
7
  To that Publication the Reader is now referred—it must speak for
itself; and I leave it to others to decide whether it was an attack, (as
Dr. W. pretends) or a defence against an unprovoked and brutal at-
tack from Dr. W.
  The Reader is now  in possession of all the facts, connected  with
Dr. W.'s Letter to Prof. Lincoln, so  far as they are known  to me.
Taking these facts in  connexion with that Letter itself, it appears
that the Letter to Prof. L. was written for the purpose of counterac-
ting the effect of my Appeal to the Publick, made  on  the 28th of
December 1832 ; and that my Appeal was  written for the purpose
of resisting  the evil influence of a foul calumny  which had its origin
in Dr. Woodward.
  §11. (A) To men acquainted with the secrets of Medical Schools
in N. Eng., there can be no necessity of my offering  any  reasons for
making publick the Appeal of the 28th Dec.  1832.  But there are
some persons  who do not yet see the expediency of that step and who
say  that it is better to let all such falsehoods (as  the one uttered by
Dr. W. at Middletown) pass unnoticed,  adding " you cannot meddle
with the filth without soiling your own hands."  In reply to all this,
I respectfully submit the following, viz.
   1st. When serious Abuses are known to exist, it is time they  were
corrected.   The First Step towards Reform is to excite Attention to
the existing Evils.   Some Individual must  take this First  Step,  or
Reform is out of the question.   Considerations of a  personal nature
merely, should never stand in the way of our duties to  Society ; and
while the good man guards his own character with the same fidel-
ity  that he  has formed it,—he should  never allow his disgust at
whatever is base and un-manly, nor his  dread of the temporary influ-
ence of unprincipled men,  to prevent his throwing the whole weight
of his intellect and of his character in  opposition to the  movements
of vice and  intrigue.   It is the reluctance, which every good  man
feels to exposing himself to the unrestrained falsehood and calumny
of the wicked, that gives to falsehood first daring, then effrontery and
finally audacity.  Like certain unclean beasts,  Falsehood and In-
trigue lie securely in their hiding-places and even venture abroad, in
open day, trusting, for protection, to their own loathsomeness.
  2nd.  With me, it is a fixed principle  to pay no regard to any idle
and  false reports, touching my  private character and conduct ;  but
when a blow  is aimed at my character  as  a Publick Servant, it is
my Duty to  repel it, and I shall never fail to do so, when the attack
comes from  any man whose station in life gives him influence.
     \ 
  0                        APPENDIX.                     [PART I.

    3d. Dr. Woodward is, as I am told, a man of active habits and of
  enterprising spirit and one who, by the  boldness of his manner, suc-
  ceeds in making his words pass for truth with many persons.   I had
  before heard of several malicious falsehoods, circulated by him, with
  no other possible object in view than to injure the reputation and to
  diminish the usefulness of the Medical College of the U. Vt. [When-
  ever  any friend of Dr.  W.  wishes  to know what those  falsehoods
  were, I am ready to name  them.]  This was the first instance, how-
  ever, in which I had heard of his having directly charged the Faculty
  with dishonourable conduct.   I well knew that he had at his control
  and under his immediate training, certain Emissaries by  whose  in-
  terposition he gives himself a sort  of ubiquity, and I knew that he
  had  it in his power to circulate that infamous falsehood as widely as
  he pleased among Medical  men, both Masters and Pupils.   Under
 such circumstances, it appeared undeniable that my Duty called for
 a prompt interference.
   Had I not then known that Dr. W. himself was guilty of  this " un-
 derhanded and  dishonourable" transaction—indeed had I  supposed
 him to be above any such act, I should  not have allowed  him,  with
 impunity, to  charge me nor my Associates with a crime against the
 cause of Medical  Education, and with a degrading " dishonourable"
 transaction.   But  I then knew that it was in my power not only to
 refute his charge, but to demonstrate that, when he told that story, he
 not only knew it to be false, but he also knew that  he was charging
 us with an  act of meanness, which his own  perverted ingenuity alone
 could have invented.
   4th.  Moreover, that seemed the  most favourable time for taking the
 first step towards  executing the Work I had long  before proposed.
 [See  Preface.] All the circumstances  were favourable.   Dr. Sweet-
 ser had resigned the Chair of  Theory and Practice in the  College,
 and it was evident to me that we should be obliged to discontinue our
 Publick Lectures for one year at least.*   I then considered myself
 as for a time (and from the  state of my health, at that time, I feared
forever) withdrawn from among the number of Publick Teachers—
 so that I could take up the pen in defence of my own  reputation and
 in behalf of the cause of Medical Education and speak the whole
 truth, without any reference to  the effect  it might  have on the School
 with which I had been connected.

   * My belief that we  should be forced to close the  Medical  College  was not
 kept secret from my Friends in this Town.   The liberality of Dr. Sweetser has,
 however, enabled us to continue the Course of Medical Instruction. 
PART I.]
APPENDIX.
9
  (B)  In the Communication which I then addressed to the Publick,
I threw out an important hint which I intended should be adverted to
in future, viz. " Young  Men are  every year induced to forsake  the
course which their own judgments pointed out as most judicious," &c.
  (C) Having taken this first step, I waited to see  what course  the
Doctor would take.  Completely hemmed in and convicted, I saw that
he could not extricate himself  and supposed he might exhibit some
traits of character, which were known to belong to him,  and which
it seemed desirable  should  be distinctly seen by the Profession at
large.  After waiting between two  and three  months, his celebra-
ted Letter made its appearance ; and I must confess it has exceeded
even the worst accounts I had  ever heard of him.  That  Letter has
now been before the Publick  six  months.   If any of  the  state-
ments therein  made  have found credit, time  enough  has been al-
lowed them to  produce their full  effect. 
 
DR. LINCOLN'S  APPEAL,
                         WITU

     DR. WOODWARD'S  LETTER


TO  PROFESSOR  LINCOLN,   &.C.
   [In the following re-print of My Appeal, one word only has been
altered : the word' Duty' in the IT 5 has been  substituted for ' duties.'
The  order of the  paragraphs  has been changed  to that which they
should have had in the original manuscript, to make the whole more
easily intelligible.]

               From the Burlington Sentinel of Dec. 28, 1832.

                       COMMUNICATION.
TO  THE   PUBLICK.
  IT 1. When one individual feels himself injured  or insulted by another, he has
two legal and  peaceable  methods of obtaining redress—viz., by an appeal to  a
civil Court, or  by an appeal to the sympathies of his iellow-citizens.
  f 2. I - m well aware that the latter method is to  be avoided unless some reason
exists why the  Publick should lake an especial  interesuin  the  concerns of the
individual.  And, if I mistake not, a sufficient  reason  does exist, when the in-
dividual is connected with a Publick Seminary of Learning, the reputation and
consequent usefulness of which, depend mainly on the character of its officers.
  1f 3. The gentlemen with whom I have the honour to be associated, I have ever
found  to be mi  n of integrity—above the miserable artifices which are ?o often em.
ployed to " obtain Students"—anxious rather to discharge their  duties to such as
of their own free choice resort to this College for Instruction, than to solicit their
attendance.  And I do not hesitate, in defence of my own character, to make
this publiok and solemn Declaration, that since I have been connected with the
Medical College  of the University of Vermont,  in no  single  instance, to my
knowledge, has one word been said verbally or by letter, directly or indirectly,
to induce any one to 6eek Instruction here : nothing more  than what appears in
our printed Cireulare. 
ii                       dr.  Lincoln's  appeal.
  If  4. But I need not speak for my associates—they can speak for themselves.
Let it be understood that in making this Communication I act upon my own indi-
vidual responsibility—that I intend to defend myself and I have not asked the
advice nor consent of any one.
  IT. 5.  Whatever the Publick may think of it,  I am assured that each individ-
ual in the  community has an interest and  a deep interest,  too, in our Publick
Schools of all kinds.   It seems  to be  especially the interest and the Duty of
every man,  who  does not feel himself absolved from  the common liabilities
to sickness and to accidents, to see to it that the men who are entrusted by the
Publick, with the responsible Duty of teaching and authorizing others to practice
Medicine and Surgery, should be men of sound Learning and unwavering integ-
rity,—above a Bribe, fearing a Lie, and scorning to do a mean Act.
  IT  6. In the Documents herewith presented there seems to be nothing wanting
to demonstrate that Theodore Woodward, M. D., Dean of the Faculty in the
Vermont Academy of Medicine at Castleton, has shown himself unworthy the
confidence of the Publick and utterly unfit to fill the station which he now occu-
pies.                                                            .
  1T 7. In publishing this  statement of facts I disclaim all enmity and all jealousy,
so far as Dr. W.  or the School with which he is connected are concerned.  As
to Dr. W. he is beyond the reach even of the evil passions of any honest man.—
With the other Officers of the  Academy,  I have not the honour of a  personal
acquaintance ; but among them I know are  men  highly distinguished  among the
Scientifick men of this Country.—If  this publication  should in any degree  in-
jure the reputation of the  Academy it will give more pan. to me, than to any one
else- and I beg of those gentlemen to consider well the circumstances in which
I am placed, and the obligations they are under  to keep an eye to the.doings of
their Dean, before they accuse me of injustice to them, in thus exhibiting in us
tmp liflht the character of their Official  Head.
 T8 To  II who feel interested in the cause of sound Le.rn.ng and good Morals
I would say you have only to look into the matter and you will find that the
LaTcfofhiding Agents and writing  letters, &e. &c, is and has been  very
  Son   other (Schools than the  Vermont Academy of Medicne    Y -u may
find T Officers of a College  busy in this despicable busin-ss-look.ng as  it
seems.only tcthe numbers of their Classes. You will find that young men are


rbWa^



&^w.^d;^^                        » this °r ihat Medical
SCf°91,ToC*th&eCfriends of the Medical College of the University of Vermont, I


pe^i?^ knew ^t^nT^lutSusrss, you would not ask such

3 ^Depositions of John Herrington, Constable, and S. G. Matson, Physician

 in Middletown .Vetr™°"tf:Middletown testify and say that atMiddletown, on the
   I, John Herrington, of Middletown, """J      Woodward say before ten or
 10th day of ^^"^^^^^^^ that they (mean-



 from Canada by giving the tuition of one of them.  Sworn, &o  before    p
       Nov. 20th, 1832.

                                 . ,u M.JI..I CaMeee of the University of Vermont.
   »By Burlington Med. Institution is meant the Medical L-oliege o. u.        j
   f By Castleton Institution i. meant the Vermont Academy of Med.cme. 
                         dr. Lincoln's appeal.                       iii


  I, Sylvester G. Matson, of Middletown, testify and say that at Middletown on
the 10th day of November instant, I heard Dr. Theodore Woodward say in the
presence of some twelve or fourteen persons, that at Burlington Medical Institu-
tion they took dishonorable  means to obtain students from Castleton Institution
by under-bidding.—That in  the  Fall  of 1831  they kept four Canadians  from
coming to Castleton by giving them  the  tuition of one.   Upon my saying I did
not so understand it, he remarked " I do not care how you understand it—I know
it to be the fact—for I had a man there at the time."
  Nov. 21st, 1832.                    Sworn &c. before O. Clark, J. P.

  T 11. It seems then from the testimony of Dr. Matson, that Dr. Woodward
" had a man [for man, read Agent] there at the time " and tie confidently asserts
thai he knows  the charge to be true.   After reading the deposition of Dr. Cote,
which  follows, it will appear that had Dr. Woodward varied his statement a little,
had he said that the Dean of the Faculty of the Vermont Academy of Medicine
took " dishonourable means to  obtain Students"—that he had endeavoured to
" obtain Students" from the Medical College  of the University of Vermont by
Under-bidding—that in the Fall of 1831  he endeavoured to draw away from the
Med. College of the University of Vt. four Canadian gentlemen, by offering to
" give them the tuition of one" of the four—thatAe sent an Agent to Burlington
to whom he delegated his full power as Dean of the Academy to  effect this dis-
honourable purpose,—that he afterwards wrote to  those gentlemen and  pledged
himself to abide by  the proposal of his Agent,—that having done all this he knew
the charge to  be true—had he made this statement " in the presence of 12  or 14
persons" he would  have told them  the truth,  and would have spared  me the
trouble of correcting his error.
  U  12. The  following deposition will exhibit the  conduct of the Medical Facul,
ty of the University of Vermont in its true light; and Dr. W.'s letter will be the
only evidence  against him which need to be  produced.
  Dr. Cote's deposition was written in the French language.  I have given a free,
but a  faithful  translation; and to those who are  familiar with  the French Ian.
guage, the passages literally quoted will show that I have not made the English
expressions any stronger than the original.
   In  Dr. W.'s letter some literal errors (mere slips of the pen) have been cor-
rected ; in other respects it is word for word like  the original.

                     The Deposition' of 3Ir. Cote.

   IT 13.  District  )    St.  Margaret de  Blairfindie, County  of Chambly L.
            of     >  Canada, this 23d day of November, 1832.
        Montreal.  S    (a)  I, C. H. O.Cote, depose that on, or about the^Sthof
August, 1831, I called in company with Mr. Jean  Baptiste Allard and Silvester
Cartier, upon  Professor G. W. Benedict, Dean of  the Faculty of Medicine in the
University of Vermont, for the purpose  of obtaining tickets of admission  to a
complete course of lectures in the Medical College. [I do not distinctly recollect
whether it was at that time, or the next day, when  we told Mr. Benedict  that we
were  daily expecting the arrival of one of  our fellow-students,  Mr. S. Viger,
whose circumstances in  relation to tickets  &c. were similar to ours.]
   (b) Our object in calling on Mr.  Benedict was to ascertain whether the  cer.
tificntes and tickets which we bore would be admitted  at the Medical College,
and whether we should be entitled  to an examination as candidates for the de-
gree of Doctor in Mrdicine, after having attended one full course of lectures in
that College.
  (c)  The  Dean of the Faculty Mr. Benedict) after having examined  all our
papers, asked  us many questions relative to McGill College in Montreal.   In
McGill College we  had  attended lectures, and  had with us the tickets of admis-
sion, approved by the Professors, who  attested  the  regularity with  which we had
attended their several courses.
  Mr. B. further inquired  whether McGill College had, by its charter, the  pow.
'     'iii   -             ■) 
IV
dr. Lincoln's appeal.
 •r to confer the degree of Doctor in Medicine.   We frankly answered that it
 had not; but that the charter of the said College had been  sent to England for
 the purpose of being so amended as to confer that power in full.   We added
 that we confidently believed the wished for amendment would be made, and that
 McGill College would very soon have the power to confer such degrees.*
   (d) We thought  it for our duty and our  interest to  make Mr.  B. acquainted
 with the fact that the tickets of McGill College were  and had  been received at
 Edinburgh* London, Paris and Philadelphia on the same footing  as the tickets
 from other schools.   We also stated that we had come to Burlington eight days
 before  the commencement of the lectures in th; Med. College  for the purpose
 of having our papers examined  in season so that  if they could not be received
 there, we might go elsewhere.
   (e) Mr. Benedict then candidly told us that he  could give no answer at that
 time ;—that since he had been connected with the  University, no such case had
 ever before been presented  to the Medical Faculty:—that, according to the spirit
 of the  laws  of the  Medical  College,  the tickets  of McGill College, ought to
 be admitted ;  but at the same time, said he, I am unwilling to violate the laws of
 the College in any manner, and would consider the subject.  He concluded  by
 saying  that he did not feel authorized to  violate, even  the letter of the  laws
 (meme  les plus petits points des loi.x) except on the authority of an official state-
 ment of the fact that  the tickets of McGill College were received and considered
 valid at the schools above mentioned ;—that he would write  to Montreal, and if
 an answer was returned corroborating  the statement we had  made, then the
 Faculty would receive our tickets; but if, on the  contrary, such an answer was
 not returned, then we could not be admitted to an examination as candidates for
 the degree of M. D.
   (f) After receiving this answer from Professor B., we determined to wait the
 result of the correspondence between him  and one of the Faculty of McGill
 College (Dr. Holmes, I believe.)
   (g) In the mean time I thought it for our interest and for our security to write
 a letter to Dr. Woodward Dean of  the Faculty in the Medical School at Castle-
 ton.  In this  letter, so-far as I can now recollect,  I said to Dr. W. that there
 were two or three Canadians besides  myself at Burlington who desired to go to
 Castleton.—That we wished to know if the tickets of McGill College, of which
 I gave an enumeration would he admitted without  difficulty by the  Faculty at
 Castleton (chez eux)  and if we should be admitted as Candidates for the degree
 of M.  D.
   [h] Dr. W. did not reply  by* letter, but sent one of his pupils—Mr. Orms—
 who came to us and after the usual salutations presented to us a Card  (un petit
 billet) signed by Dr.  Woodward, which authorized  Mr. Orms to enter into a ne-
 gotiation with us (&<entrer en  pourparler avec nous) and which gave this gentle-
 man full power to treat (plein pouvoir k ce monsieur de transiger.)
  (i) I do not recollect whether Mr. O. endeavoured  to disparage the University  of
 Vermont, but he did highly commend the school at Castleton, (je puis assurrer
 qu' il vanta bien Castleton.)    I think Mr, Orms left us the next day.  On the
 wharf, before parting, he gave us many earnest solicitations (beaucoup d' instan-
 ces) at the same time giving us to understand that a reduction of the fees should be
 made—how much this reduction was to be I do not remember. On parting I repre-
 sented to Mr. Orms that we should  wish  for vouchers, (que nous voulions nos
 siiretes) and that consequently we should expect an  answer directly from Dr. W.
 confirming what he (Mr. O.) had stated.
  [k] A short  time after this, I recieved a letter from Dr. Woodward, in  which
 this gentleman said that he would abide by the proposal made  to us by his pupil,
 Mr. O.,  in relation to the fees; and that the  number  of tickets  which we had
from McGill College, would be considered as equivalent to one full  course ;  that
 we should be admitted to an examination, &c. &c.

 •Sine* that time the amendment  has been made and the amended eharter  has been received
la Montreal.  McGill College has therefor* the power to eonfer the degree  of M.  D.   B. L. 
                         dh. Lincoln's appeal.                       *

  This letter from Dr. W., to which I have alluded, is in the hands of Professor
Lincoln at Burlington; and if this gentleman thinks the character of his school
has been impeached, as  he has given me to understand, by a letter dated at
Burlington 19th Nov. 1832, I have no objection to  the publication of that letter.
  (1) It only remains for me to bear testimony to the honorable conduct of Mr.
Benedict and Mr. Lincoln (they were the only two Professors with whom I  had
the honor of being acquainted at  that time)  during the  whole course of these
transactions (des transactions qui  ont du neceseairement avoirs lieu durant ce
retard.)  Not one word on their part to the discredit of the school at Castleton,
nor even to  induce us to remain with them.   On the contrary, they exhibited
proofs of the most entire disinterestedness.  It was never proposed to abate a
cent of the regular fees  of the school and of its officers—and I avail myself of
this occasion to declare  that we paid the whole to the last cent.
                                 Sworn &c. before  J. Bkrtrand, J. P.

                 Dr. Woodward''s Letter  to Mr. Cote.

                                             Castleton, Aug. 11th, 1831.
  H14. Sir:—The proposal made by my student Mr. Onus I will abide by in relation
to the fees.—And  we will receive your attendance on the Montreal Lectures as
one full course and shall require  one full course of lectures for each of you at
our school in order to graduate.  If eaeh of you will attend a full term of in-
struction at  our school you shall be admitted  as candidates for the  Doctor's De-
gree and may be examined in the French Language and write your dissertation
in the sa.ne if you please.   We  will assist you  in the  exchange of board if
possible.                 -
                                   I am sir yours with  esteem
                                                   T. WOODWARD.
     Mr. Cyrus Caut.
   [For Mr. Cyrus Caut read Mr.  Cyril Cote.]

   1T15. It should he  known that  Mr. Cote acted in behalf of the  company, he
speaking the English language with great ease—that Mr. Cote said distinctly to
Dr. W.'s agent,  "  You need  not urge us to leave this place and go to Castleton,—
for we have made  up our minds to attend the  Lectures of the University, provi-
ded our tickets can be  received  by  the Medical Faculty; and we  shall  at all
events remain here till we get a decisive answer from Mr. Benedict.  If we can-
not be admitted  to an examination in the University—then we shall probably go
to  Castleton, provided  ,he  Faculty  of the Vermont Academy of Medicine will
receive our tickets"—or words to that effect.
   IT 16. Dr. Cote does not recollect what was the amount of the proposed re-
duction of fees.   But I do.   Mr. Orms (the agent of Dr. W.) offered to discount
eleven dollars on the fees of each one of them, provided they would all four go
to Castleton; and Dr. Woodward has now  explained what was before unintelli-
gible, viz. the renson why $11 was offered.   The fees  for one complete course
at the Medical College  of the University of Vermont amount to $43—his propo-
sal therefore was  to  discount the  fees of one out of the four.
   H 17  If Dr.  W. had no wish to  plav an  underhanded game, why did he not
 answer Mr. Cote's letter ?  Why send an agent with " full powers  to treat ?"—
 and why offer a reduction of fees, if he so cordially despises under-bidding.
   f 18. I have now done my duty  to myself and to the College and leave it to the
 Publick to judge whether they are or are not inteI"gjA"^f"{^00^5° 
   [The following re-print of  Dr.  W.'s  Letter  to Prof. Lincoln is
copied literally from the  Vermont Statesman.   I have taken  the lib-
erty to divide  the first two paragraphs and have  made four of them,
and have given marginal numbers to all, for the purpose of future ref-
erence.]

      CASTLETON, TUESDAY, MARCH  19,  1833.
                    TO PROFESSOR LINCOLN.

    T 1.  Sir: A communication in the Burlington Sentinel of the 28th of Decern.
 ber, 1832, signed by yourself, in  which  you make certain charges against me,
 accompanied by several documents  which some may call affidavits, upon which
 you rely to sustain yourself,  in the publick utterance of those slanderous charges,
 induces me to make this publication.
   If 2. You will understand, that it is the wish to prevent the circulation of false
 impressions that might be tarried abroad by means of those affidavits, were I
 to remain silent, that brings me to my present purpose.  Your own communica-
 tion, unconnected with those affidavits, I should pass by in silence, in the full as-
 surance that it would fall with the harmless impotency, which, (if I were to judge
 of you from the character of that  communication,)  is so characteristic of its au-
 thor.—It is not  from the maenitude of the charges that I even notice you, and 1
 should feel altogether better  employed and more excusable for this course, had
 you any thing to complain of, that was ever  worthy the notice of school boys.
 For, truly, when I look it over, weigh it, and try to satisfy myself that I shal  be
 excused for replying to the smut of a blackguard, it appears a little too much like
 trapping for musquetoes.  Bui I will proceed, and first notice your private letter
 to me, of a previous date.                            .         ... .„_;_„
    IT 3.  On the  15th of December last  I received a letter from you which begin
 by  saying, that«I have determined  to make public a statement of facto,  and you
 then go on to state briefly,  what those facts are, after which you cone ude your
 letter in the following language :-« My expectation is, that the publcation whch
 I shall make  will place you in an uncomfortable position .fUn,eM * J"! ^h
 misinformed as  to the facts, you will  find it difficult  to justify yourseIf.  I wish
 not to be hasty.   If you have any thing to say in reply to this letter, you wdI have
 an opportunity to say it before the publication is made, provided you answer im-
 mediately."  Had your letter been of a different character, stating whayo  call
 the  facts, asking me to avow or disavow them, accompanied wit'the a»"»nc.e'
 that unless some satisfactory explanation should be made, you should  make tne
 statement public, it would probably  have received  from  me an answer,   cui u
 was not  so.  You had determined  to make the publication  at any rate, ana  mis
 publication was,  in your mind, to be a circular for your next Lecture ,erm-
 you  expected from me an answer, to a  letter thus written, you must yourseli have
 been ignorant of what constitutes  the character of a gentleman, or you must nave
 supposed me so.  If the latter, then my refusal to reply  will not, at least, have
strengthened you in your opinion.  If the  former, you  then stand rebuked at
your own hands,  in a way that must be somewhat chilling to a blockhead, even of
coarser sensibilities than yourself.
  I will now proceed to notice your sympathetic  appeal to the public. 
TO PROFESSOR LINCOLN.
Vll
   T 4. You commence by saying, that when an individual feels himself injured
 or insulted by another,  he has two legal and peaceable methods of obtaining re-
 dress, viz. by an appeal to a civil court, or by an appeal to the sympathies of his
 fellow-citizens.
   What kind of redress an individual who feels that he has been insulted by an-
 other  would be able to obtain in a civil court for that insult, I shall not now un-
 dertake to determine,  but leave that for the lawyers  to  explain to Professor
 Lincoln.
   IT 5. You say that you are well aware that the latter method (an appeal to the
 sympathies of your fellow-citizens) is  to be avoided, unless some  reason exists
 why the public should take an especial interest in the concerns of the individual.
 You have  concluded to  take the  latter course.  Thus, I  suppose, thinking to
 wake the public into a consciousness of what they probably never before felt, and
 to a remembrance of what they had never before known, viz : that Benj. Lincoln
 is an individual in whose concerns they feel an especial interest.  By what kind
 of logic you have been able to work  yourself into the  belief, that an especial in-
 terest  which the public  feel in your  concerns entitles  you to a privilege that
 should rarely be granted to others, I am unable to discover.  Does any thing you
 find in looking over the history  of  your  past life,  place  you in this command-
 ing  attitude before the public ?  Does  the fact,  that  when  on trial some few
 years since at Baltimore for a Professorship in the Medical College at that place
 you were finally rejected, give you that confidence ?  But you speak of a connec-
 tion with a public institution of learning, " the reputation and consequent useful-
 ness of which depend mainly on the  character of its officers,"  as furnishing this
 reason in your case.  And, Sir,  does the  fact, that when  you  commenced your
 career of lecturing in the Burlington Medical School, that  school had been flour-
 ishing with classes of from 50 to 60 students at each annual session of instruction,
 and that in 1831 you found yourself dealing out your droppings to a pretty little
 class of 15 students, arid in 1832 to the still smaller number of 12—induce Pro-
 fessor L. to think that the public feel in his concerns an especial interest.   Now,
 Doctor,  do tell me  when you every year witness medical  students passing you,
 seeking instruction at other schools  than the Medical College of the University
 of Vermont—when you  find it impossible to keep your little classes through the
 prescribed Lacture Term, that they  will all be off  at the expiration of 10 or 12
 weeks—when you are ashamed  to appear before the public  with  the  names of
 your students arranged in the form of  a catalogue—but pass on, term after term
 and never heard  from only by the way of a sympathetic appeal to the public,—do
 you estimate, on looking over these facts, the " reputation and consequent use-
 fulness" of your Medical College, which  depend mainly on the character of its
 officers.  Under these  circumstances I have a little sympathy for you myself,
 and will not attempt to dry one tear  that may stand glistening in the public eye,
 for your redress.
   IT 6.  In  charging me with improper conduct  in  attempting to get students at
 Castleton, you also say,  that " the practice of sending agents and writing letters,
 &.c. &c. is, and has been very common in  other schools than the Vermont Acad-
 emy of Medicine.—You may find the Officers of a College busy in this despicable
 business."   In relation to yourself you say, "Since I have been connected with
 the Medical  College of  the University of  Vermont, in no  single instance,  to my
 knowlege,  has one word been said,  verbally or by  letter,  directly  or indirectly,
 to induce anyone to seek instruction here, nothing more than what appears in our
 printed circulars.  These public and solemn  declarations you say you make in
 defence  of yurself.  They are,  Sir, singular  declarations for a Professor in a
 Medical Institution to make ; but I  believe they are true.  No one acquainted
 with the present pitiful conditio l of your school will doubt them, and I am sure
 you  might have safely gone farther, and  solemnly  declared, upon the honor of
 Professor Lincoln that you had never, verbally or by letter, directly or indirectly,
 done one single act, of yourself, to build up your school, or add to its prosperity;
 and most men situated as you are, a Professor without patronage,  an instructor
 without pupils, a physician without patients, would be disheartened by this time,
and solemnly declare that they never would  make an effort.   But I forbear  to 
   [The following re-print of Dr.  W.'s  Letter  to Prof.  Lincoln  is
copied literally from the Vermont Statesman.   I have taken  the lib-
erty to divide the first two paragraphs and have made four of them,
and have given marginal numbers to all, for the purpose of future ref-
erence.]

      CASTLETON,  TUESDAY, MARCH  19, 1833.
                   TO  PROFESSOR  LINCOLN.

  IT  1. Sir: A communication in the Burlington Sentinel of the 28th of Decem-
ber,  1832, signed by yourself,  in which  you make certain  charges  against me,
accompanied by several documents which some may call affidavits,  upon  which
you rely to sustain yourself, in the publick utterance of those slanderous charges,
induces me to make this publication.
  IT  2. You  will understand, that it is the wish to prevent the circulation of false
impressions  that might be carried abroad by means  of those affidavits, were I
to remain silent, that brings me to my present purpose.   Your own communica-
tion, unconnected with those affidavits, 1 should pass by in silence, in the full as-
surance that it would fall with the harmless impotency, which, (if I were to judge
of you from  the character of that communication,) is so characteristic of its au-
thor.—It  is not from the magnitude of the charges that I even notice you, and I
should feel altogether better employed and more excusable for this course, had
you any thing to complain of, that was ever worthy the  notice of school  boys.
For, truly, when I look it  over, weigh it, and try to satisfy myself that I shall be
excused for replying to the smut of a blackguard, it appears a little too much like
trapping for musquetoes.  But I will proceed, and first notice your private  letter
to me, of a previous date.
  IT  3. On the 15th of December last I received a letter from you, which begins
by saying, that" I have determined to make public a statement of facts," and you
then go on to state briefly, what those facts are, after which you conclude  your
letter in the following language :-" My expectation is, that the publication which
I shall make will place you in an uncomfortable position.  Unless I have been
misinformed as to the facts, you will find it difficult to justify yourself.  I wish
not to be hasty.  If you  have any thing to say in reply to this letter, you will have
an opportunity  to say it before the publication is  made, provided you answer im-
mediately."  Had your letter  been of a different character, stating what you call
the facts, asking mc to avow or disavow them, accompanied with the assurance,
that unless some satisfactory explanation should be made, you should  make the
statement public, it would probably have  received from me  an  answer.  But it
was  not so.  You had determined to make the publication at any rate, and this
publication was, in your mind, to be  a circular for your next Lecture Term.  If
you expected from me an answer, to a letter thus written, you must yourself have
been ignorant of what constitutes the character of a gentleman, or you must have
supposed me so.  If the latter, then  my refusal to reply  will not, at least, have
strengthened you in  your  opinion.  If the former, you then stand rebuked at
your own hands, in a way that must be somewhat chilling to a blockhead, even of
coarser sensibilities than yourself.
  I will now proceed to notice your sympathetic appeal to the public. 
TO PROFESSOR LINCOLN .                       vii
   IT 4. You commence by  saying, that when an individual feels himself injured
 or insulted by another, he has two legal and peaceable methods of obtaining re-
 dress, viz. by an appeal to a civil court,  or by an appeal to the sympathies of his
 fellow-citizens.
   What kind of redress an individual who feels that he has been insulted by an-
 other  would be able to obtain in a civil court for that insult, I shall not now un-
 dertake to determine, but leave that for the lawyers  to explain to Professor
 Lincoln.
   IT 5.  You say that you are well aware that the latter method  (an appeal to the
 sympathies of  your fellow-citizens) is to be avoided, unless some  reason exists
 why the public should take an especial interest in the concerns  of the individual.
 You have  concluded to  take the  latter  course.  Thus, I suppose, thinking to
 wake the public into a consciousness of what they probably never before felt, and
 to a remembrance of what they had never before known, viz : that Benj. Lincoln
 is an individual in whose concerns they fee! an especial interest.  By what kind
 of logic you have been able to work yourself into the belief, that an especial in-
 terest  which the public  feel in your  concerns entitles  you to  a privilege that
 should rarely be granted to others, I am unable to discover.  Does any thing you
 find in  looking  over the history  of your past life,  place  you in this command-
 ing  attitude before the public?  Does  the fact, that  when on trial some  few
 years since at  Baltimore for a Professorship in the Medical College at that place
 you were finally rejected, give you that confidence ?  But  you speak of a connec-
 tion with a public institution of learning,  " the reputation and consequent useful-
 ness of which depend mainly on the character of its officers," as furnishing this
 reason  in your case.   And,  Sir, does the fact,  that when  you commenced your
 career of lecturing in the Burlington Medical School, that  school had been flour-
 ishing with classes of from 50 to 60 students at each annual session of instruction,
 and that in 1831 you found yourself dealing out your droppings to a pretty little
 class of 15 students, and in  1832 to the still smaller number of 12—induce Pro-
 fessor L. to think that the public feel in his concerns an especial interest.  Now,
 Doctor, do tell me  when you every year witness medical  students passing you,
 seeking instruction at other schools than the Medical College of the University
 of Vermont—when you find  it impossible to keep your little classes through the
 prescribed Lscture Term, that they  will all be oif  at the expiration of 10 or 12
 weeks—when you are ashamed  to appear before the public  with  the names of
 your students arranged in the form of a catalogue—but pass on, term after term
 and never heard from only by the way of a sympathetic appeal to the public,—do
 you estimate, on looking over these facts, the  " reputation and consequent use-
 fulness" of your Medical College, which depend mainly on the character of its
 officers.  Under these circumstances I have a  little sympathy for you myself,
 and will not attempt to dry one tear that may stand glistening in the public eye,
 for your redress.
   IT 6.  In  charging me  with improper conduct in  attempting to get students at
Castleton, you  also say, that " the practice af sending agents and writing letters,
&c. &c. is, and has been very common in other schools than the Vermont Acad-
emy of Medicine.—You may find the Officers of a  College busy in this despicable
business."   In relation to yourself  you say,  " Since I have been connected with
the Medical  College of the  University of Vermont, in no  single instance, to my
knowlege, has  one word been  said, verbally or  by  letter,  directly  or indirectly,
to induce any one to seek instruction here, nothing more than what appears in our
printed circulars.  These public and solemn declarations you  say you  make in
defence  of yurself.   They are,  Sir,  singular declarations for  a Professor in a
Medical Institution to make ; but  I  believe they are true.  No one acquainted
with the present pitiful conditioa of your school will doubt them, and I  am sure
you  might have safely gone  farther, and  solemnly  declared, upon the honor of
Professor Lincoln that you had never, verbally or by letter, directly or indirectly,
done one single act, of yourself, to build  up your school, or add  to its prosperity;
and most men situated as you are, a Professor  without patronage, an instructor
without pupils, a physician without patients, would be disheartened by this time,
and solemnly declare  that they never would  make an effort.   But I forbear to 
Vlll
dr. woodward's letter
remark.  The question which you say you have been so often asked by the friends
of your institution, " Why do you not take more pains to get large classes ?" and
the real number of those classes furnishes a sufficient commentary.  As to my-
self, I am free to say, that my exertions have been warm and ardent for the in-
stitution with which I am connected.  I try to induce students to seek instruction
at the Vermont Academy of Medicine, and desire to accommodate and please
them when they come.  I write letters, send out circulars and agents to give the
necessary information to Medical  Students ;  for without this exertion, the little
puny institutions would impose upon the young men of our country, and in many
instances make them believe that  they had received valuable instruction—full
courses of lectures in the short period of ten weeks.  I exert myself verbally and
by letter,  directly  and indirectly, to obtain students, and could not feel myself
justified in pusuing the lazy, indifferent course you say  you pursue, and care no
more what your opinion is in regard ^o the practice of schools, than  I do for your
original sin.  Nor can I say of you as you have  of me.  in relation to your quali-
fications for the station you occupy.  For I truly believe you precisely fitted for
the place you pretend to fill, a Professor in a school without scholars, lecturing
to the naked walls of a College, pretending to  practice and no patients, and
claiming public patronage and sympathy, when the public know you  not.  Yes, I
think Benjamin Lincoln admirably  qualified for this station, and not to be envied
by any man.
   f 7. Why is it, Sir, you have taken the  course you say you have ?  Is it be-
cause your conduct in relation your institution  will  not  bear the  light—or is
it from cowardly fear  and stupid indifference ? But you have  at length wakened
into life.   Your circular in the Sentinel must, according to your own declarations,
be your first effort,  And do you expect by such efforts, to make the public be-
lieve, that it is  because you have not  resorted to the derpicable business of wri-
ting letters with which you charge  other Colleges, that your institution has dwin-
dled away, and is scarcely entitled to a name, while others have been prospering
around you.  Are you so torpid as to believe, that the  public will not consider
your late sympathetic appeal, a premature circular for your next lecture term ?
Do you flatter yourself, that an intelligent community will consider your  attack de-
signed to expose any fault of mine, or will  they view it as the convulsive strug-
gles of a disappointed, neglected, and evil-minded nincompoop.
   IT 8. I will now, for a  moment, more particularly listen to your belching forth
your slanderous invectives in your  communication. In  speaking of the Profes-
sors of the Medical School at Castleton, you say, "As to  Dr. Woodward, he is
beyond the reach of even the evil passions of  any honest man."  I shall not un-
dertake to unfold the  mysteries  wrapt up in  this dark and cunning  sentence.
My idea always had been, that an honest man  was the wrong one to go to, to find
the evil passions of which you speak.  Yours may be different.  You  say, Pro-
fessors in Medical Institutions should be men of sound learning and unwavering
integrity,  above a  bribe,  fearing a lie  and scorning  to do a mean  act.   In the
documents herewith presented, there seems to be nothing wanting to demonstrate,
that Theodore Woodward, M. D. Dean of the  Faculty in ihe Vermont Academy
of Medicine at Castleton, has shown himself unworthy the  confidence  of the
public, and utterly unfit to fill the station which he now occupies."  Thus char-
ging me with bribery, falsehood, unsound  learning, and doing of a mean  act.
Little puss how you sneeze !  Lincoln, a gentleman, would blush in making such
charges against any individual, and then pretend to sustain them by such affida-
vits as John Harrington,  Dr. Matson and an unknown  Canadian, when a slight
examination of the affidavits of which you speak, in connexion with those I pre-
sent you, will stamp those charges  with an indelible mark upon  yourself, and
Bhow to the world, that if there is any slander, that can degrade and brutalize a
scoundrel, it is that of which you  are guilty.  " 'Tis true 'tis pity, and pity 'us
'tis true."   When you  come to facts, all you  pretend to complain  of is, that in
1831, I attempted, by  offering to reduce our fees, to induce  four Canadian stu-
dents not to stop at your institution, but to come to Castleton, and that a short
time since, in the town of Middletown, I stated that you, or the faculty of your 
TO PROFESSOR LINCOLN,
IX
institution, had obtained the same students by making a reduction of your fees.
This is the whole head and front of the offending.
  11 9.  First, as to my attempts to get away the Canadian students, I have before
me the letter I  received from  Mr. Caut previously to sending my agent, Mr.
Orms,  to Burlington, and you and the public can here see what inducement I had
to give the fellow the information I did.

                         MR. COTE'S LETTER.
  Sir : As we are  three medical students, desiring to follow your medical lec-
tures,  and afterwards take  degrees, if approved, I beg from you an immediate
answer on the following questions :
  Can  you give degrees to  students  who have followed lectures at McGill Col-
lege at Montreal, Lower Canada?  And what are the  prices of boarding, lodg-
ing, fuel, lighting and washing, &c. ?  At the  same time, we would feel much
obliged to you, if you send us a copy of your rules.  The lectures that we fol-
lowed  were as such:
  One  gentleman has followed  two complete courses  of lectures on Anatomy,
Surgery, Philosophy and Materia Medica; one on Chemistry, Pharmacy and
Theraputics; besides this, a complete course ot lectures on Surgery, delivered
by Robert Nelson, M. D.
  The second gentleman has followed one complete course of lectures on Anat-
omy, Surgery, Phisiology, Materia Medica, Theraputics, and diseases of Women
and Children.
  Thd third one has followed  two complete courses of lectures on Anatomy,
Surgery, Phisiology, one on Chemistry,  Pharmacy, Theraputics, Materia Me-
dica, Midwifery, Diseases  of Women and Children,  Theory and Practice  of
Medicine, with Dr.  Nelson's lectures on Surgery.
  You may see by the above statement if we are entitled to a degree according
to the rules of your Academy.  In giving an immediate answer to the above by
the next mail, you will oblige
                           Your most obedient Servant,
                                                       CYRUS CAUT.
  Burlington Hotel, August 2, 1831.

  Do you find any thing in this letter  manifesting a desire  or inclination to at-
tend lectures at your institution, or stay at  Burlington.  I  see no intimation of
the kind, nothing that looks like it, any more than like going a fishing to Lake
Memphremagog.   At the date of  this letter, were  these Canadian students
members of the University of all Vermont, or were they students  seeking in-
formation in relation to medical schools temporarily located at a Burlington Ho-
tel, August 2d,  1831,  waiting for a letter from me ?   The letter here inserted is
signed Cyrus  Caut, and I immediately put one into the hands of the Post Mas-
ter directed to  "Cyrus  Caut," in answer to his.   Several gentlemen have ex-
amined it, have no  difficulty in making out the name, and it can with no more
propriety be called Cyril Cote than John Blannerhasset.
  1T 10. In a few days after this I received another  letter, dated at  Burlington,
and signed Cyrus Caut again, expressing much surprise that I had not answered
his first, and requesting me to do so immediately.  I did not then, nor do I now
know,  why my letter was not received, or why this student should sign his di-
rected  to me, " Cyrus Caut,"  and then in his affidavit call  himself Cyril Cote,
but I then thousht,  and do now, that there was something wrong about the mat-
ter, and concluded not to write again, but send some person to enquire tor, nnd
the Canadian students and give them the necessary  information,  &c.  I accord-
ingly sent Mr. Orms, a student of mine, the » agent" upon the despicable busi-
ness of which you speak—a young man whose  character is irreproachable, and
who stands beyond  the reach of any slander of yours.   In his affidavit you will
see the instructions  I gave him.  You will there learn, that I directed h.m, that
if the Canadian students were engaged at your institution, upon honorable terms,
to say  nothing to them; but, if  he should learn that you had offered a  reduction
        2 
DR. WOODWARD'S LETTER
of fees to induce them to stay at Burlington, to meet your terms, promptly and
without hesitation.  And you see likewise, that Mr. Orms made no offer until
Mr. Cote  assured him that the  Faculty of your institution  had agreed to throw
off the regular fees of one student out of the four provided they would stay with
you.  Mr. Orms then made the  same offer.
  Ull. You say that Mr. Cote said to Mr. Orms, You need not urge us to leave this
place and go to Castleton, &c.   Where,  Sir, do  you find this language ?  Cer-
tainly not in the  affidavit of Mr. Cote.   But do you find it in words to that im-
port?  No—directly the reverse.  For Mr.  Cote  says, "On parting, I repre-
sented to Mr. Orms, that we should wish for vouchers, and that consequently, we
should expect an answer from Dr. Woodward, confirming  what he had stated."
Here, then, either you or Mr. Cote must be guilty of a wilful falsehood.
  IT 12. Mr. Orms contradicts some part of Mr. Cote's affidavit, a garbled statement
of insulated facts, that make only for yourself, while the former furnishes a full
exposition of the truth of this matter, that gives  to  the  transaction  an entire
different version.  You will recollect, Mr. Cote is your own witness,  and I now
ask, where is he to be believed?  When he  tells Mr. Orms that the  Faculty in
your institution had agreed to reduce the fees of the Canadian students, or where
in his affidavit he says, there was no such agreement ever made ?  Whether the
one statement or the other be true, my offer was made upon his  representation,
and it illy befits you to complain of  me for taking Mr. Cote's statement to be
true, when all your thundering denunciations against  me are  made upon the au-
thority of the same individual's statement.  And now upon  this point, I leave
Professor Lincoln to his own whinings, conscious that whatever his opinion may
be, I have done nothing in this matter which an honorable man would not approve.
   IT 13. But a word or two upon the Middletown  declaration of mine to Dr. Mat-
 son.  On the 10th day of Nov. 1832, I amputated a limb in Middletown, Vt. ^pres-
 ence of 12 or 14 persons.  Dr. Matson had been the attending physician, but the
 patient became dissatisfied  with the  conduct  of Dr. M. and dismissed him, pre-
 viously to the operation.   This excited his indignation.  He manifested a strong
 disposition to impute his misfortune in the case to my previous disagreement with
 him in opinion. He was present, as he testifies, at the operation,  and had he opened
 the whole budget, he would have said that he got into a high state'of mental ex-
 citement on the occasion, as boys frequently will, and conducted more like a mad
 cat, than like a professional gentleman—attacked the  Faculty of the Vermont
 Academy of Medicine—accused them  of  trying to get  away  the Burlington
 students by underbidding, &c.  &c.   I heard the  Doctor's charges, contradicted
 them, and told him that  it  was the Burlington Faculty who kept the Canadian
 students,  by making a reduction of  fees.   I  will not fill a newspaper with affi-
 davits  to prove  this statement  true.   Every man present who  paid any attention
 to the  conversation,  knows it to be a fact.  I charged you with underbidding in
 reply to Dr. Matson, at that time, and charge you  with it now, in reply to your
 recent northern light upon this affair.  I ask  not the public for their sympathies
 in my case, and  am willing to abide their decision.  You know that this doctor
 Matson induced you to make your sympathetic appeal at the time you did. Your
 correspondence was before the public previously to that event, for  I was inform-
  ed by a number of  gentlemen of Middletown, that your Dr. Matson  would pick
 your flint for a newspaper battle—they judging from the character of your letter
 to him.   You see that I said to Dr. Matson, nothing more than what Mr. Cote
  Baid to Mr. Orms.   My authority for charging you with under-bidding as  I then
  did, and do now, is the same as that upon  which you rely for your vituperations
  and abuse.  If what Mr. Cote said  to Mr. Orms is true, then all I have said in
  relation to yourself, and the other gentlemen with whom  you are connected, is,
 of course, equally true.   If Mr. Cote's statement were false, still my declarations
 were made upon the authority of the same  individual that yours are, charging
 me with having used similar efforts. Any charge, therefore, you see fit to make
 against me in this matter, you should first make  against Professor Lincoln.
   f  14. And do you now  feel  the  blow which you directed at me recoiling  up-
 on your own head ?  And is the arrow whose point had been dipped in venom, as 
DR.  WOODWARD'S LETTER
deadly as devils could engender, and which you aimed at me, suddenly turned
back upon yourself, aud piercing your own bosom.  You say, " In making this
communication, I act upon my own individual responsibility," &c.  " I have not
asked the opinion or consent of any one."   Here I believe you, Doctor.  From
the known reputation of your President and associate Professors, I am satisfied
that they desire to have it so understood, and believe that if they had been  con-
sulted, you would  have been prevented from appearing in the  public journals
with your smut, even if they had been driven to the extremity of tying you to a
gate post to have prevented it.  When I look at you in your present situation,
though I freely give you my sympathies,  yet I  cannot but smile a little at the
language in your circular when you say, " If this publication should in  any degree
injure  the reputation of the Academy, it will give more pain to  me than to any
one else ;" and would console you  by  saying, that you have no occasion to in-
crease your pain by any such reflections, and probably never will have, unless it
is the pain you ultimately and justly may experience, should you become sensible
of the mean and dastardly attack you have made upon me.
   It 15. When looking back can you find any excuse for the course you  have
taken ?  Will you plead a misrepresentation of facts to you as furnishing  that
pretext.   No paroxysm of rage into which  you could hav : been thrown  by the
stories of your affidavit-makers should hive hurried you forward into the public
prints, with such  broad and sweeping declarations, till you had, at least, taken
the course any gentleman would have taken, to  ascertain the truth.
   If 16. Now, Sir, in taking my leave of you, be assured I should  have replied
to your appeal at an earlier date,  had I not, in  the  hurry of business, forgotten
both you and your communication, and will only say, that when a man, situated
like yourself,  a Professor in a public institution, descends from  his station, and
in a newspaper, for causes and under similar circumstances, throws out charges
against the character of another individual, alike situated, as you have done, an
intelligent community must either mark him for a villian, or if heaven-born rea-
son has at other times been his guide, they must lend him their sympathies at
his misfortune in her untimely desertion.                 T. WOODWARD.
   Castleton, March 11, 1833.
                         Mr. Orms's  Affidavit.

  H 17. (a) I Cornelius Orms, of Castleton, testify and say, that  some time in
August, 1831, Dr. Woodward  informed me, that he had received a letter from a
Canadian gentleman, Mr. Caut, then at Burlington, sta.ing that he and two other
Canadians were then at Burlington, and were wishing to attend a course of lec-
tures at the Vermont Academy of Medicine.
  (b)  Dr. Woodward then told me that he had written to them, and had received
no answer, but had another letter from them, requesting an answer. Consequent-
ly, he wished me to go to Burlington, and see the gentlemen, and ascertain, if
possible, why they had not received his letters, and why theirs had been sn long
detained after written, as appeared from the date ; directing me to learn whether
they had taken the tickets of the Medical College—and if so, to say nothing of
their coming to Castleton.  Or if they had been induced by an offer of a reduc-
tion of fees to stay there, to make them as good an offer.
  (c)  Accordingly I went to Burlington,  and, August 10th, saw Mr. C. and two
others.   On enquiring, Mr. C. informed me that they had received no answer
from Dr. Woodward. During the conversation, I enquired of them whether they
had taken  the tickets  of, or had obligated themselves to attend a course of lec-
tures at that school.  They said they had not, but were waiting an answer from
Castleton.
  (d)  In the course of the interview Mr. C.  and the other gentlemen did repeat-
edly express their wishes to attend a coarse of lectures at the Vermont Academy
of Medicine, provided they could be admitted on the same terms they were to
be received at the Medical College of the University of Vermont—giving me to 
z\i              STRICTURES ON THE COURSE PURSUED

understand, that if they all staid at Burlington, a reduction of fees to the amount
of one course would be made.  I then told them, if that was the case, I was au-
thorized to say, they  could have the  same  inducements from Castleton.  1 hey
then agreed,  that in case Mr. Visrer, who had not yet arrived, should not be obli-
gated to stay there they would all come, otherwise they should probably stay at
Burlington.  Mr. Caut assuring me, that he would use his endeavors to persuade
his fellow students to come,  saying that if it were not for Mr. V. they would come
that evening  or the next.
  (e) The amount of the reduction of fees was not specified—no more than to
meet the proposals made by  the gentlemen of the  Medical College of the Univer-
sity of Vermont—nor was there during our conversation, one word said respect-
ing the discounting of eleven dollars on the fees of  each  one of them, provided
they should  come to Castleton.   Neither did Mr. Caut say to me, directly nor
indirectly, "You need not urge me to leave this place," &c. &c. as was stated in
a late solemn declaration to  the public.
  Sworn to before me, January 30th, 1833.
                                        L. M. MASON, Justice Peace.

Remarks,  on the relations assumed by the Vermont Chronicle
                  to the foregoing Articles.

  My Appeal was re-published in the Vt. Chronicle of the 4th Jan. 1833 and was
introduced by the following  Editorial Notice.

   " It  is by special  request, and with extreme regret and reluctance,
that we  admit the  following  Article,  from the Burlington  Sentinel.
If any feel themselves  aggrieved  by it,  they will of course have a
right to defend themselves in  our columns.  If controversy shall en-
sue, we hope it will be brought to a close as soon as  possible, and
that all needless  use of irritating language  will  be avoided.   We
would  not  admit it all, but for two considerations.
   1st.  Dr.  Lincoln publishes in self-defence.   As some of these Affi-
davits show, he had been publickly  accused of improprieties, against
which he wishes to  defend himself.
   2nd. The  practice in question, of enticing students  into literary,
scientic, and professional institutions, is of very pernicious tendency.
What, institutions in this state have done, we do not undertake to say ;
but we know instances, in which students have been enticed to some
College out of the state, by the promise of obtaining a  Degree, with
less expense  of time and study, than at our  own Colleges.    This  is
just offering a Bounty for superficial scholar-ship.   And it is certain,
from facts  within our knowledge, that the desire of Medical  Instruc-
tors to swell the number of their Pupils, has introduced into  practice
some, who are, and there is re:.son to  believe  always will be, utterly
unfit to be entrusted with the care  of lives and limbs."

  The request  to re-publish was  made by  one  of my Friends,  but without my
knowledge.  Had I been consulted I should have opposed it; for, of  all the pa-
pers in the world, the Chronicle was the one in which I did not wish to see that
Appeal  re-published.   The  time had not then  come, to  call in the  aid of the
Chronicle.
  I expected Dr. Woodward would reply.   I feared his cunning might keep him
silent, but expected he would be induced to come out and give me an opportunity 
BY THE VERMONT CHRONICLE.
Xlll
clearly to convict him, not only-of Falsehood and Calumny against the University,
but of offences against the Cause of Medical Education and against Decency and
Good Moials, so rank, that the Publick should be forced to notice them.   And
when the Harvest-time should come,  1 hoped to see the strong Arm of the Chron-
icle, labouring in the Field and giving point and purpose to the Labours of others.
I feared that a premature movement  might thwart my purpose.   I knew nothing
of it, however, till the  work was done ;  and have never, till this moment, expres-
sed  my opinion on the subject.   My fears were quieted, for the time, by the ap-
pearance of the Editorial Article just quoted.  All  wore a favourable appearance
and promised well for the future.
   Let it be understood that, in relation to all this, I have no complaint to make.
When my words are once before  the  Publick,  they are at the disposal of my
Friends to do with as they think expedient.  Had  the gentleman, who made the
request, known  my Plan for future operations, he would never ha\re made it.
   I make no complaint against the  Chronicle, for the * reluctance' with which that
request was complied with.  The  elevated standing of that Paper  and the im-
mense  influence it is now exerting, on  the very Men who themselves influence
others, was enough  to excite  ' regret' at being called  upon to expose to  scorn, a
man who holds  so elevated a  station  in the official distinctions of society, as Dr.
Woodward then held and is now permitted to hold.
   But after the lapse of about  three months, to wit,  on the  29th of March, the
Chronicle came out with an  expurgated edition of  Dr.  Woodward's Letter to
Prof. Lincoln, prefaced by the following Editorial Notice.

   " Dr. Woodward of  Castleton, has replied to Dr. Lincoln of Bur-
lington, whose  statement was published in the  Chronicle about the
first of January ; and, according to a promise then  made and com-
municated  to Dr. Woodward, we give  his answer a  place  in  our
columns.   For reasons which we  deem sufficient,  we omit  certain
passages, which  have no bearing  on the truth  or falsehood  of Dr.
Lincoln's charges.   It will  be seen, by those  who compare the Doc-
uments, that  there is a plain  contradiction, between the  Affidavit of
Mr. Cote, as  given by Dr. Lincoln, and the Affidavit of Mr. Orms."

   Supposing the Reader to have read my Appeal and to have read the Original
Letter,  as it here appears, without ever before having seen or  heard of it, or of
the Chronicle—I would ask whether the word ' charges,' used by the Chronicle,
appears to  have been  well selected.  It is true that Dr. Lincoln did bring heavy
charges against Dr. W., but  where  did they originate ?  If I  read aright, Dr.
L.'s charges were repelled, back to their original source,   I object to this word,
because I know that the Chronicle  has succeeded in giving currency to the false
impression  that I attacked Dr. W.  My Appeal was a Defence—a 'self-defence'
(to use the words of the Chronicle in January.)
   And I would also  ask if the Reader finds that ' plain contradiction,'' spoken of
by the Chronicle ?   I do not.  All  I  can find, which could have been mistaken
for a plain contradiction, lies between  the words  of Mr. Orms, ' giving me to
understand &c'—and the words of  Dr.  Cote  ' It was never proposed to abate a
cent &.c\   But  Mr.  Orms does not say that  Mr. Cote told him so and so,—but
only that he understood so ahd so :—and surely, it could hardly have escaped the
sagacity of the Chronicle, that there  was a possibility of a mzs-understanding,
on the part of a Yankee, ' cocked and primed' (to use a  favourite expression of
Dr. W.) for an  Under-bid, as he swears  he was, when conversing with a Can-
adian gentleman.
  And  again :—Why was my  name coupled wilh the name of Mr. Orms, in that
manner.   The impression, received by every Reader of the Chronicle, was, that
Mr. Orms and Dr. Lincoln were at issue, as to what Mr. Cdte said.  But such
was not the fact.  Mr. Cdte's Affidavit was appended to an article written by Dr. 
XIV
STRICTURES ON THE COURSE PURSUED
Lincoln and Mr. Orms* Affidavit  was appended to an article written by  Dr.
Woodward ; but Dr. Cote and Mr. Orms both spake for themselves, and the  last
sentence in the above  extract, should have been  written thus—'a plain (im-
plied ?) contradiction, between the Affidavit of Dr. Cote and the Affidavit of  Mr.
Orms.'  This  would have  made  the  sentence  symmetrical, and  would have
stated  the plain matier of fact,  and nothing more  nor less.   But if my name
must be introduced at  all, it would seem that Respect enough was due to  the
University, to have placed me by the side of the Captain of this Piratical Clipper,
and not by the side of the Cabin-boy.  The following  construction  would also
have rendered the  sentence symmetrical,—would have prevented any  false  im-
pression, and would have been a little  more in keeping with good etiquette.—'a
plain contradiction, between ihe Affidavit of Dr. Cote, as given by Dr. Lincoln,
and the  Affidavit of Mr. Orms, as given by Dr.  Woodward.'
  But it is  hardly worth while to notice faults so trifling, when there are others
of so grave a character.  In omitting certain parts of Dr. W.'s  Letter—in with-
holding the true reason—and giving as  the only one, so far as the Readers of
the Chronicle could possibly be  supposed to know,  that the  omitted parts were
irrelevant merely—i. e.—did not bear on the * truth  or falsehood of Dr. Lincoln's
charges'—the  Chronicle has done  me a Wrong—the magnitude of which I now
leave it to others to estimate : and has done more to screen Dr. W. from merited
censure,—more to enable him successfully to carry on his Piratical warfare against
the University, and to practice his  Arts  of ' enticing' &c. than any other paper
or man, or set of men in this State, have power to do.   My fears  for the  conse-
quences of the re-publication of the Appeal, have been more than realized. The
Chronicle has not only withdrawn its strong Arm from my support and  in effect,
closed its Columns against any future articles from me on that subject,—but  has
sided against me:—Has raised a question as to the ' truth or falsehood' of a
declaration, by me * publickly and solemnly' made,—and  has then proceeced to
publish a tissue of wilful, wicked, aud calumnious lies—backed up by Perjury!—
after having first washed off all that uxcess of filth, which adhered to  them, as
they came  from the hands of their Father, and by the  odour of which their true
genealogy might have been detected.  The Chronicle  has struck  a deadly blow
at the only'Strong Point of Him,  who dared to go foremost to this warfare,  and
has now left him to look for other Friends or to struggle alone against its own
almost irresistible Power.
   Even at the risk of being thought to dwell too long on this subject in this
place,  I will now pass in review the conditions of  the case, as they were pre-
sented to the Chronicle; hoping that he may see how much reason I  have for
complaining.
   After reading the remarks which  introduced my  Appeal,  to  the  Columns of
the Chronicle,  I am utterly confounded and at loss.  The conduct of the Chron-
icle is an Enigma, of whiqh the Sphynx  m'ght  despair of  finding the  Solution,
except by imputing to that  Print,  Motives and Fears,  which  its wh ile Life  and
its every Editorial Act, combine  to prevent our  supposing.  Far be it from me
to impute any  unworthy Motive, 01  unmanly Fear.  I prefer  to  let the whole
matter rest, as it now is, a  profound Mystery ; the  solution of which, if  it shall
ever appear, may be, as I hope, satisfactory.
   I well know how arduous are  the  Labours, and how oft-times, difficult  the
Duty of independent Editors; but the case in question was so plain a one,  that
I  can find  no  excuse  for the Chronicle  on this ground.  It is admitted that I
wrote in ' self-defence.'  Having been accused [and falsely too] of gross impro-
prieties, it was my wish to  defend myself.   The crime charged against me and
my Associates was one which has been  denounced as a ' bounty for superficial
Scholar-ship;'  and, if the charge  was true against Us,  then the Medical Fac
ulty of the University must have stood, in the estimation of the Chronicle, with
those * Medical Instructors' who have introduced into practice, some men who
are and always will be,' unfit to be trusted';—and all  this, for the selfish object
of swelling the number of their Classes.  It is admitted that I  had a right to
complain—had good ground for Appeal to the sympathies of my Fellow Citizens, 
BY THE VERMONT  CHRONICLE.
XV
 and the  Appeal was  admitted to the Columns of the ^Chronicle  for that very
 reason.   And what was the Evidence, submitted by me,  to establish  my own
 Innocence and to fix upon my  Calumniator the very crime he  had wantonly
 charged upon Us ?  Was not that evidence satisfactory ?   I first * publickly and
 solemnly' declared myself and my Associates  innocent of that crime and inno-
 cent,  not in that instance  only,  but of all crimes of that  sort.   I brought the
 Oath, of a gentleman whose  word  was never doubted,  and who knew all the
 Facts, to Corroborate my own declaration. What more was needed ?   But this
 was not all.  I produced Dr. Woodward's letter to Mr Caut, in which he says
 " The proposal made  by my Pupil  Mr.  Orms,  I will abide by in relation to the
 fees" and the Affidavit of Dr. Cote  interpreted this  language and showed what
 that 'proposal' was.   Could any  thing be wanting to  establish his euilt and  Our
 innocence?   My  Appeal was admitted * with  extreme regret  and  reluctance,'
 notwithstanding all this, because some might •  feel themselves aggrieved by it.'
 It was published entire and without  tny knowledge or concent.   (But in all this
 I have no cause  for complaint  whatever.)   And now when three months had
 passed, Dr.  Woodward's Letter  to Prof. Lincoln appears :—and 'it is requested
 by Dr. W. as an act  at strict justice on the part of the Chronicle to re-publish
 that Letter.'  We hear nothing of 'extreme regret' from  the Chronicle  at re-
 publishing, nor do we see any  evidence  of ' extreme reluctance :'—and  I can-
 not but suppose it was re-published willingly.   But the whole wasnot re-publish-
 ed—and  why uot ?   Did  Dr. W. request of the Editors to submit his produc-
 tion to a  Purification to make it fit to appear in decent company ?   why was not
 the  Reason for  omitting certain  passages given ?  Dr. Woodward's letter con-
 tained a confession, on his part,  of the very crime he had  falsely  charged upon
 Us.   Was not  that, with my solemn Declaration of Innocence, and Dr. Cote's
 Oath to the  same  intent, sufficient ?   Or  was the Chronicle satisfied with Dr.
 Woodward's Defence, for doing  what he pronounced an • underhanded and dis-
 honourable'  act when he falsely  charged it upon Us ?  This is impossible.   We
 know that the Chronicle has a higher standard,  by  which to try men's actions,
 than the Rule adopted by Dr. Woodward.  We  know that that Defence  could
 not  have  been satisfactory to the Chronicle, even  if all the  Facts, on  which  it
 rests, are admitted to  be true.  But did the Chronicle read that Letter—and did
 he fail to see that some of Dr. Woodward's fundamental facts carry impossibility
 and absurdity on their front,  involving the intercalation  of Eighteen  months,
 somewhere  between the 2nd and the 10th  of August 1831 ?  Was there nothing
 in this Letter which could raise a question as to the ' truth or falsehood' of Dr.
 W's Statements ?  And nothing which tended  to corroborate  the  truth of Dr.
 Lincoln's ?   Was there nothing  in the original Letter (the publication of which
 as  a  whole  was requested, by Dr. W.) which did not  appear to the eye of the
 Reader  of the  Chronicle ?  Nothing concealed  which would  tend  to raise a
 question as to the veracity  of the Author  of that Letter?  Was there nothing
 kept back, except what was irrelevant  merely  ?  Was there nothing kept back,
 which would have borne upon the ' truth or falsehood of Dr. Lincoln's  charges,'
 had  any question as to their truth or  falsehood existed ?  No question was rais-
 ed  as to the truth or falsehood of Dr. W's Statements, and the most successful
 precaution was taken,  to prevent  the  Reader from raising such a question.   And
 was nothing  published, that had • no bearing on  the truth or falsehood of Dr. L's
 charges* ?  What had all Dr. Woodward's calumnious lies against Dr.  Matson,
 to do with «the  truth or falsehood of  Dr. Lincoln's charges' ?*  Had the Chron-

  *To all the  Readers of  the Chronicle, I would  gay, that Dr. Matson is a young man of in-
 flexible integrity,—of a modest,  retiring mien, and one who, as I  know, is far better informed
 in the Anatomical and Surgical departments of his Profession, than  a great majority of Prac-
 titioners in this State.  Dr. VV. has long cherished a deadly  enmity against hnn, the  reason
 of which is given  on page 67.   He wrote a defence, against  the  wanton,  brutal attack from
 D. VV., and the Chronicle refused to publish it.  But this was  not all. Its refusal was couched
 in such language,  that the Readers (I speak  advisedly,) supposed he hnd written  a foolish letter
 and had made himself appear more to  disadvantage than Dr. VV. had represented.  That letter
appeared in the Vermont Statesman of the  I6th April, 1833, and is re-printed here (gee p 40
Doc.  III.)  What objection had the Chronicle to giving Dr MaUon a  hearing?  Was it not in
duty  bound to  do so; or at leasi, to refuse, in  language which should not appear, like adding
insult to injury. 
XVI
STRICTURES, &C.
 icle said not a word, but published the whole, it would have acted in accordance
 with the  sentiments  expressed on the 4th of January.  Its readers would not
 have failed to see, that there was nothing but  truth, in all I had said, and  that
 there might  be, at least, nothing but Falsehood in all Dr. W. had said, and in all
 his • Affidavit-maker' had sworn to.   But the omissions and the brief preparatory
 notice gave a false complexion to the whole.  I can  interpret plain language
 myself, but have not  trusted to my own interpretation.  I have conversed with
 several Readers of the Chronicle, aad  they have all expressed astonishment
 when  a copy of the  original Letter was put into their  hands.  They had all
 been grossly deceived,  as to the real state of the case.  Dr. Matson, Dr. Cote
 and myself have suffered, and Dr. W. has triumphed.  But the day of his re-
 joicing is over.
   It is well for me, that I counted the cost, before going out to this warfare.  I
 foresaw, among the possible events, death at my post—and  am ready fo meet it,
 if it comes.  But I did not dream, that with my face to the Enemy I should re-
 ceive a shot in  the back !
   My 'Robe and my Integrity' are  all I have.   The  Robe is a borrowed Hon-
 our and may  be recalled at pleasure, by those who have lent it.  My ' Integrity
 is all I dare call my own':—and if that can be filched from me, by those whom I
 had  ever delighted to respect and to honour, then am I 'poor indeed.'
   These remarks are made with strong feeling, I confess :  and could the Chron-
 icle look in, upon the  wound it has made, it would feel too.  I disclaim all pas-
 sion and all  feeling of hostility to the Chronicle.  More in grief than in anger,
 I exclaim,  ' should I have answered Caius Cassius so' ?  The truth is, the Chron-
 icle believed  Dr. Woodward and did not  believe me.
   Let all my  friends, who talk abouf the  impossibility  of a  man so degraded in
 his Moral Character as Dr. Woodward is, being able to influence Publick  Opin-
 ion against the  University,—ask the Readers of the Chronicle what they now
 think about it.  A man who holds the Station of Dr. W. has Power—and it must
 be resisted by Power, not by  Silence.
   I do not ask of the Chronicle one word in explanation, nor one word in apolo-
 gy, unless it come by a private conveyance. I am willing now, to trust the whole
 matter to the Conscience of the Chronicle, still believing  it to be conducted  by
 Men, who would not knowingly, depart one hair from the  Line of  Rectitude.
 All I wish is, that th^y may respect me as much as I do them.  I earnestly hope
the Chronicle will not at present  notice  these remarks in  its  Columns.  The
 Battle has begun :—the first charge has been made and the Leader of that  Band
 of fierce Barbarians, who brought a War of Extermination  into our quiet and
happy Borders, has  fallen,—fatally wounded.   Let the Chronicle  throw off its
 Armour and put on the Robe.   Let it siand in the place of Surgeon  and Priest
to the expiring Tyrant, to assuage his Pain and prepare him for his Departure. 
APPENDIX.
 Part Second.  A Review of Dr. Woodward's  Letter  to Professor
   Lincoln.

   [The Reader is requested to notice the following circumstances of the notation
 here adopted, viz.  When the word LETTER occurs, if it means Dr. W.'s Let-
 ter to Prof. Lincoln, it will be written with an initial Capital. When the Pronouns
 WE, US, OUR, &c, are used to mean  the Medical Faculty of the University,
 they will be written with an initial Capital.]

 Section  V. Dr. W. pleads guilty  to the Charges and sets up a De-
  fence, which is not made out, even  admitting the truth of his state-
   ments.

   § 12, His Confessions.
   We find, in the Letter, the following words, viz., " All you pretend
 " to complain of is, that in 1831, I attempted, by offering to reduce
 " our  fees, to  induce four Canadian  students not to stop at your in-
 stitution, but to come to Castleton,  and that a short time since, in
 " the Town of Middletown, I stated that you or  the Faculty of  your
 " institution, had obtained the same students by making  a reduction
 " of your fees.  This is the whole head and front of the offending."*
 Again:—he says, " I have done nothing in this matter which an  hon-
 "  ourable man  would not approve."
   Here he admits that he accused Us of reducing Our fees—i. e., of
 under-bidding, and does not deny that he pronounced Under-bidding to

  * Yes,—this is " the whole head and front  of the Offending":—but the  Sting
 of that Offending does not  appear any where in the " head and front."  It lies
 concealed in that part, which this Monster keeps  behind, when he shows his
 «* head  and front" to the Publick. The Doctor should have added that he falsely
 accused Us;—that be accused Us of "taking underhanded and dishonourable means
to obtain Students"—that We prevented these Canadian Gentlemen from going to
 Castleton in the Autumn of 1831, by reducing our fees.  The Doctor affects to
 think his offence a mere trifle. But did he think it a matter not "worthy the atten-
 tion of school boys" when he  made his " Middletown declaration" on the 10th of
 Nov. 1832? 
12
APPENDIX.
[part II.
 be " an underhanded and dishonourable means of obtaining Students."
 He admits that  he himself did offer an  Under-bid, for  the  express
 purpose of " inducing' four Canadian Students not stop at Burling-
 ton, but to go to Castloton.  And  yet lie says " I have done nothing
 in this matter, which an honourable man would not approve"!! Here
 we have the Doctor's Rule of Honour.  No honourable man can dis-
 approve of that in him, which  is underhanded and  dishonourable in
 Us.
    Such are his Confessions : let us look at his Defence.
    § 13. His Defence.
   And what is his Defence ?   This, viz. that We had done the same
 thing  before !
    From Mr.  Orms' Affidavit, and all parts of Dr. W.'s Letter, based
 (or rather intended to appear as if based) on the statements of Mr.
 Orms, it is evident that Dr. W. depends, for his Defence, solely upon
 establishing the point that We did  offer a  reduction of Our fees  be-
 fore he did.*  We have already  seen what is  the Doctor's Rule of
 Honour :—here we have an extract  from his Code of Morals.
    § 14. His Defence not made out.
    (A) And how  does he  manage this novel Defence ?   Suppose his
 statements to be  true, in part,  (they cannot all be true at once) and
 what  will they prove l  That  We did reduce Our fees ?  No.  All
 that he has attempted to make  out, is, that Mr. Orms said, that Mr.
 Cote gave him to understand, that We had done so ;—and, " without
 taking the course, which any Gentleman would have taken, to ascer-
 tain the truth,"  he publickly  accused Us of  an " underhanded and
 dishonourable'''' transaction.!


   * On a perusal of the  Letter, it will be  seen that the Writer had two points to
 make out, viz., a Ground for doing what  he calls an " underhanded and dishon-
 ourable" act; and a Ground for accusing  Us of having done it.  The first is
 blown up, by his own Declaration that he does not believe the Fac. of the Med.
 Coll. ever did any such thing ; and his  second is blown up by his own falsehoods
 in  relation to the deportment and language of Dr. Matson (at the scene of the
 Operation performed by Dr. W. at Middletown, on the 10th Nov. 1832—the oc-
 casion on which he  accused Us of Under-bidding, &c.)
  t Why did not Mr. Orms tell  us what Mr. Cote said, that  we might judge for
 ourselves, what right he had to understand him to say that, which from Mr. Cote's
 previous testimony, must have been  false ?  Mr. Orms had read the Affidavit of
 Mr.  Cote and must have  known it was his duty to be explicit.  Perhaps Mr.
 Cote said—it's a fine evening Sir—and Mr. Orms understood that to mean Un-
 der-bidding.  But Mr. Cote said nothing about the fees,—he said nothing, from
which Mr. Orms could have understood any such thing; and this statement, which 
PART II.]
APPENDIX.
13
   (B)  In order to the justification of Dr. W., on his own ground  of
 Defence, it must first be proved, that these Canadian Students wished
 to go to Castleton and that We did someting to prevent them from go-
 ing :—in short, that We  did reduce Our fees, and that We did it for
 the purpose of inducing them to stay with Us.
   That no reduction of fees was ever  thought of,  or offered by Us,
 I shall  not now attempt to prove.   All  that remains to be shown,
 therefore, is that they did not wish to goto Castleton, except in case
 thev could not be admitted here. And we have evidence enough and
 to spare on this point,   if Dr.  W. had seen Mr. Cote's letter of the
 2nd Aug. only, he must have supposed these Canadian Gentlemen
 wished, at all events, to go to Castleton.  But he (or his Agent, and
 we cannot separate the Principal and the Accomplice in this " des-
 picable business") made the under-bid after he knew that they had
 made up their minds to remain here, if possible ; and when he knew
 that no such offer had ever been proposed by us.
   (C)  But, Dr.  W. knew  that  We made no such offer.   He says
 himself that he does not believe we did any such thing. In his Letter
 we find the following  words, viz.  " You  say, [quoting  from my ar-
 ticle of the 28th. Dec. 1832.] < since I have been connected with the

 Mr. Orms swore to, in Jan. 1833, was invented in 1833, for the purpose of help-
 ing his more wicked Master out of (still deeper into ?) difficulty.
  But, Suppose Mr. Cote had said something, which Mr. Orms Misunderstood
 to mean under-bidding on our part,—What then 1  Is Dr. Woodward justified in
 accusing Us, on such evidence ?
  Again—Are We responsible for all  that men, who came here to attend Lec-
 tures, may say to Dr. W.'s Agents ?   It is fortunate for Us, and very well for the
 Cause of Truth, that Mr. Orms met the men he did meet. They were Gentlemen,
 and conducted like Gentlemen throughout. But suppose that, instead of meeting
 Mr. Cote, Mr. Orms had met a man something like himself,—acquainted with
 the Under-bidding and Agent-sending System—apt at a bribe,—and " living in the
 twilight between Truth and Falsehood,"—might not such a man be supposed to
 have tact enough, to test the  Diplomatick Talent of the Minister, and by some
 method, direct or indirect, give him to understand that We had reduced our fees,
 for the purpose of drawing him out?   Surely such a case is supposable, and are
 We to be accused of taking " underhanded and dishonourable means to obtain
 Students" upon the representations of an Agent, sent into our very Lecture Rooms
 on this " despicable business" of trying to " induce" Students not to stop here,
 but to go to Castleton ?
  Or, suppose  that some Wag,  already acquainted with Dr. W. and with his
 style of doing things, should find one of these Ministers Plenipotent, skulking
tebout the Med. College and should give him to understand something about man-
 raps, What then ? 
   14                            APPENDIX.                    [PART II.

   "Med. Coll. U. Vt., in no single instance, to my knowledge, has one
   " word been said, verbally or by letter, directly or indirectly, to induce
   " any one to seek Instruction here,—nothing more than what appears
   " in our printed Circulars.'  These are, Sir, singular declarations for
   " a Professor in a Medical Institution to make ; but I believe they are
   " true."    Now certainly offering to discount 25 per cent, is saying
   something, directly to  induce Students  to seek Instruction here, and
   if Dr. W. tells  the  truth in  this case, he must  look about for some
   other Defence.*

     * In the passage quoted in the  text, the Doctor indulges in a sprightly vein of
  semi-irony, in which he appears to better advantage than in other parts of his
  Letter; and it does not appear, prima facie, that this passage can fairly be quoted
  against him.   On first reading this wonderful production, I did not discover all
  its treasures ; but on a careful re-perusal, I find that in this case he has unques-
  tionably revealed what he did not intend should be  known, viz.—that he knows
  with whom he is  dealing,—that he knows We shall  not interfere, to prevent
  Students going where they choose to go,  nor from yielding to his "solicitations"
  and his bribes ; and that he lays his plans accordingly:—in short—that the very
  Meridian Line of his plan of operations in this quarter is that Line of Rectitude
  by which he knows the Med. Faculty of the University ever walk.  He would
  have kept his operations secret, however,  if possible, for this obvious  reason,
  viz. it it was generally known among Med. Students, as it is known among Prac
  titioners (and  to  some  extent among their Pupils),  that he  is willing  to  sell
  nckets at any price  then he could never get the full price.  But when the whole
  TzTuTu      6 °re thG Publick' and his letter t0 Mr' Cote  °f ^e 11th. Nov.
  ,' nadbet<-ayedhi,n, he comes out like a man, acknowledges the whole, and
 like some of whom we read.-glories in his  Shame.-He openly avows  his ad'

 ^IZ^p ^A,Stnt"Sending SyStem ^  tri6S t0pUt  aS°od ^ce upon it, by
 telling the Publick how "warm and ardent" he is in  his " exertions for the  in
 acS" 1tWhiChheiS co™ected>"-talks of the  necessity of vigilance and
 activity on his part m  sendmg out "Circulars and Agents," and  in writing
   setters,   to gnre the necessary information to Medical Students," lest  the

 &c.7cren ^0Uf °°Untry" ^ "  imP°Sed UP°n ^ thC  ll"le PU"y instit«ions"
   He even contrasts his activity with  the "lazy, indifrerent course" pursued by
 me  [and of course by the rest of the Faculty,] and says distinctly that, although  I
 my declarauon, that We never say any thing directly nor indirecUy (except what
 is said in the Printed Circulars,) to induce any one to seek Instruction here-"
 a singular declaration for a Professor in a Medical Institution to make""ve, I
 believes it to be true.   Yes-he knew it to be true, when he uttered his infamou






T^Tt^rLeamia8'as he has -"in his exerti°M *-the '^~ith 
PART  II.]
APPENDIX.
15
Section VI. Dr. Woodward's Defence rests solely on deliberate and
  wilful Falsehoods.

§ 15. Falsehoods  relating to his  Correspondence  with  the
  Canadian Students.

  (A) In the Letter, we find a copy of Mr. Cote's letter of inquiry
to Dr. W., of which mention has been made in  § 4 p. 2.   Dr. W.
says ' The  letter  here inserted is signed Cyrus Caut,* and I imme-
" diately put one into  the hands of the Post-Master directed to ' Cy-
" rus Caut,' in answer to his.  &c.   In a few days after this  I
" received  another letter, dated at Burlington, and signed Cyrus Caut
" again, expressing much surprise  that I had not answered his first,
" and  requesting me to do so immediately.   I did not then, nor do 1
" now know, why my letter was  not received, or why this Student
" should sign  his (letter) directed  to me, ' Cyrus  Caut,'  and then
" in his affidavit call himself Cyril  Cote, but I then  thought and do
" now, that  there  was something wrong about the matter, and con-
" eluded not to write again, but  send  some  person  to enquire for,
" find the  Canadian  Students and give them the  necessary informa-
" tion, &.c."
   In this Extract, we see-lst—the Facts, on which Dr. W. relies;-
2nd,—the  Suspicions,  excited by  those  Facts ;—3rd,—the Course
of  Conduct, which these suspicions forced him to adopt.
   (B) All that can be necessary  to  annihilate  this  Defence, and
 prove it to be  nothing else than  a 'Refuge of Lies', is to prove that
 the Facts in this Statement are  false ; for  if it  can be shown that
 what he has here said is false, it  will follow, irresistibly, that it is ut-
 terly false  :—and I do now assert that, in all this story  of the let-
 ter, " put into  the hands of the Post-Master ;"—of the second letter,
" dated at  Burlington and signed Cyrus Caut again,"  there  is not
 ONE WORD OP  TRUTH.
   Dr. W. never answered Mr. Cote's first, and only, letter.   Mr.
 Cote never wrote a second letter to Dr. W.   The first, and the only,
 letter of Mr. Cote, left the Post-Office in Burlington on  the Morn-
 ing and  reached  Castleton on the Evening of the 8th of August. Mr.
 Orms was at Whitehall about 10 o'clock in the Morning of the 9th—

   * The Reader is requested, before  proceeding any farther, to  turn to No. I.,
 in Part Third, and read  the 4th paragraph of Dr. Cote's Letter to me, of the 1st
 Sept. 1833.  The rest of that letter should be read in connexion with other parts
 of this Review.
        5 
1G
APPENDIX.
PART  II.]
 embarked in the Steam-Boat and reached Burlington on the Evening
 of the 9th, at about 5  o'clock.  On the Morning of the 10th he first
 ' saw Mr. Cote and two others,' as  he says in his affidavit.
   [For the Proof, see Part Third,  No. I. T 3 & No. IL]
   (C) After examining the  Proof, let us look again at Dr.  W.'s
 statement;—there may be more in it than has yet met the Reader's
 eye.  The second' letter, dated at Burlington, and signed Cyrus Caut
 again' was not published by Dr. Woodward,—and  why not ?  It was
 'dated at Burlington'—but when 1  The first was certainly not  sent
 from Burlington till  the morning of the 8th,  and on the morning of
 the 10th, Mr. Orms  came  into, my  Lecture-room, in  company with
 Mr. Cote.   Surely Mr. Cote  must have  been  quite  impatient,  to
 have written a letter of inquiry, touching a very Important Question,
 and one which  he had proposed to Us, eight days before, and was
 then waiting for Us to answer—I say he must have been unreasona-
 bly impatient, to have written a letter of  inquiry, and, by the same
 mail, sent another letter «expressing much surprise  that' Dr.  W.
 ' had not answered his first.'
   (D) And when did Dr. Woodward « put  one into the hands of the
 Post Master' ?   According to his  own account, it must have been
 ' immediately' after receiving Mr. Cote's letter  of inquiry—to wit.,
 on the evening of the 8th, and < a few days' before  he received « an-
 other letter  dated at  Burlington and  signed Cyrus Caut  again.'
 From his account, it  appears that his Reply must have reached Bur-
 lington ' a few  days'  before  Mr. Orms arrived.   The Records  of
 the Post-Office show that one letter, single, post-marked,  Castleton
 Aug. 9th,—and post-paid at Castleton, was received at this Office,
 on the Evening of the 9th, the Evening on which Mr. Orms arrived.
 And no other letter  was received at this Office from Castleton,  be-
 tween the 1st and the 11th of August 1831.
   If Dr. W.  'put one  into the hands of the  Post-Master,' he  must
 inquire of that Officer  what became of it;  and unless the Post-Mas-
 ter shall  be  able,  by the Records of his  Office, to show when Dr.
 W.'s answer was mailed, and when Cyrus Caut's second letter reach-
 ed  Castleton, Dr. W.'s Suspicions, that there  was  < something
 wrong, &c.,'~must look about for other Facts to rest upon.
   (E) But his Suspicions were excited, not only bv the Fact that a let-
ter which he certainly never vviote, was as  certainly never received ;
' but he did not then, nor does' he < now know, why this Student should
' sign his (letter) directed  to'  Dr. W.,  < Cyrus Caut,  and then,   in
' his Affidavit, call himself  Cyril Cdte; < but'  he  < then thought, and 
PART  II.]
APPENDIX.
17
* does now, that there was something wrong about the matter, and
* concluded not to write again,* but send some person to inquire for,
* find the Canadian Students and give them the necessary information.
'Accordingly,' lie 'sent Mr. Orms, &c'.   If I  understand it then—
one  principal  Reason, why Dr. W.  suspected there must  be ' some-
thing wrong' here in  Burlington, in August 1831,—and why  he  did
not dare to trust to the Mail, a letter giving ' the necessary inform-
ation'  to a company of Canadian Students, who (as he says  truly,)
were then ' temporarily located at  Burlington, seeking Information
in relation to Medical Schools'------was this, viz., that one of these
 Canadians signed his name Cyrus Caut, in a letter of inquiry, addres-
sed to  Dr. W.; but called himself Cyril Cote, in his Affidavit, which
 Affidavit was written on the 23d of November 1832; Eighteen Months
 after the time ,when the Suspicions  were first excited !  But the best
 of the joke is to come.  That Affidavit does not contain the words
 Cyril C6te.   In my Appeal &,c, after  Dr. W.'s letter to Cyrus Caut,
 (in  paragraph 14) I inseried the following note viz. ' For Cyrus Caut
 read Cyril Cole.'   I did not then know the facts stated in Part Third,
 No. I. If 4.  [The only letter, which We had ever received from Mr.
 Cote,  was written in French].   I supposed Dr. W. had mis-read the
 signature and, knowing that Dr.  C. sometimes  writes Cyril instead
 Cynlie,  I concluded he must have done so, in his letter  to Dr. W ;—
 and  that note was introduced, merely to let the Reader  know that the
 Individual,  addtessed by  Dr. W. as Mr.  Cyrus Caut, was no other
 than the same Dr. Cote, whose Affidavit I then published.  Now then
 we see the whole solution.  It was in  a note written by me, on  the
 28th Dec. 1832,  that Dr.  W., for the first time, saw the words Cyril
 Cote ; and yet, he thinks to make  ' an intelligent  Community' be-
 lieve that he 'then,' in  August 1831, suspected us of  mail-robbery,
 because a certain  Canadian called  himself Cyrus Caut in a  letter
 dated Aug. 2d 1831, and in Dec. 1832 I called him Cyril Cote.
   Is it to be wondered  at, that the  Doctor  should Suspect We  had
 robbed the Mail and under-bid the Academy ?  He has intercalated,
 between the Evening of the 8th and the Morning of the 9th, ' a  few
 days'; during which he finds time to send a letter sixty miles and to
 receive,  and read, and wonder at, and have his suspicions vehement-
 ly excited by, the  contents of another, which it is certain was never
 written.   On one of these ' few days,' he had  a fit of Fore-Seeing,
 of which the History of Mormonism furnishes no Parallel.   He fore-
 saw that an Affidavit, was to be written Eighteen Months afterwards,
and  he fore-saw ' another letter dated at Burlington and signed Cyrus 
18
APPENDIX.
[PART II.
 Caut again ;'*—(but here his fore-sight was not keen enough—that
 letter was never written).  He also fore-saw that he should amputate
 a limb on the  10th of Nov.  at Middletown,—that he should utter a
 gross, calumnious falsehood ;—that I should convict him of falsehood
 and should introduce the words Cyril Cote, in an article written for
 that purpose ;  and he probably fore-saw that he  could build up a de-
 fence, in 1833,  out of those  fore-seen  materials.   It is not strange
 that, with his Moral Senses  so acute, he should not only see a con-
 tradiction between Cyrus Caut and Cyril Cote, but  smell out Mail-
 robbery and Under-bidding :—the only Strange Thing about it, to the
 Uninitiated, is that he did not see a little farther ahead,
   (F) The  Story  of the Suspicions and Reasons—may be  taken
 as the Type  or Primitive, Form  of this man's Falsehoods:—their
 Essential Character is—fiend-like Malice, combined  wifh  short-
 sighted Folly.   We shall, however, find some,—like the Story of the
 ' one (letter) put into the hands of the  Post master' and the ' other
 ' letter dated at Burlington,'—which bear no external features of Mal-
 ice,—evincing,  merely, a heedless, reckless  Disregard to Truth: —
 whilst still others, a  specimen of  which has not yet been seen, ex-
 hibit Malice per se.
   (G) We now see who  it was that commissioned Cornelius Orms to
 inquire of gentlemen, attending Med. Lect. in the University, wheth-
 er the Med. Fact, intercepted their letter- [See Sect. II. § 7th. p. 4.]

 §  16.  Falsehoods in relation to the Instructions given  to
   his Agent.
   (A) Of these  Instructions we have two versions, agreeing in most
 points, but (apparently at least,) diverse, in one very material point.
 Perhaps  this  diversity would  disappear, if  we could determine in
 what sense Dr. W.  uses the word 'honourable.'
   (B) Dr. W's  Version  of the Instructions is as follows viz. " You
 " will there (in Mr. O's affidavit,) learn  that I directed him, that if
 " the Canadian Students  were engaged at your  institution, upon hon-
 " ourable terms, to  say nothing to them  ; but, if he should learn that

  * We now see why the Doctor did not tell us when that letter was written, which
 was'dated at Burlington.'  How could he tell  when?  On those intercalated
days, the past, the present, the future are all reduced to a single punctum tem-
poris.
  * Erratum. In the Vt. Statesman, Vol. VIII-New Series—Vol. I—No. 9, page
1, column 2nd, line 7th from bottom—strike out "again." 
PART II.]
APPENDIX.
19
 " you had offered a reduction of fees to induce them to stay at Bur-
 " lington, to meet your terms, promptly and without hesitation."
   (C) Mr. Orms' Version is as follows, viz. " He (Dr. W.) wished me
 " to go to Burlington, and see the gentlemen, and ascertain, if possi-
 " ble, why they had  not received his letters, [letters !—indeed !  two
 " men in buckram,]  and why theirs had been so long  detained after
 " written, as appeared from the date ;  directing me to learn whether
 " they had taken the tickets of the Medical College—and if so, to
 " say nothing of their coming to Castleton.  Or if they had been in-
 " duced by  an offer of a reduction of fees to stay there, to make them
 " as good an offer."
   (D)  According to the Doctor,  his Agent  was to say nothing to
 them,  if they wete i engaged''  here ' upon honourable terms ;' but
 the  Agent  swears his Instructions  were to say nothing to them ' if
 they had taken the tickets.'   [There is a good joke concealed here,
 which I leave Dr. W. and his Agent to detect, and to enjoy among
 themselves.]
   (E) I shall now show that Dr. W. could not have given his Agent
 such Instructions : neither such  as he says he gave, nor such as the
 Agent swears he received.  And first, let us examine the  conduct
 of the Minister, to see how far he complied with  these pretended In-
 structions.  According to Dr. W.'s version, Mr.  Orms was to say
 nothing to them, if they were engaged upon honourable terms ;  but
 if (according to both versions) engaged on an Under-bid,  he was to
 be prompt and unhesitating  in applying that '  underhanded and  dis-
 honorable means'  which Dr. VV. so much detests.   Now  Mr. Orms
 swears that Mr. Cote told him they  were not engaged at  all ;*  and
 what course did he take ?   His Instructions  did  not contemplate
 such  a case.  He  found that the Med.  Fac. U. Vt. had not even
 learned the  Art  of Engaging Pupils.   Mr. Cote had been eight days
 in Burlington and had not learned what is meant  " in this Country"
 [See Sect. II. §  6. (C) p. 4 ] by a Pupil's being engaged:—And what
 did the  Agent do, under these novel circumstances ?  He had  dis-
 cernment enough to  see that, if they were not engaged,  then was
 the time to engage them, even at the expense of transcending his or-
 ders.    But he  found  these ' Canadian Students' as  blind  to their

  * ' Obligated' is the word used by Mr. Orms, in his affidavit in 1"33, but ' en-
gaged' was the  word in 1831. (See p. 4 at top.) Why change the word?   Let
the Reader turn to  my Article  of the 28th Dec. 1832,  and he will see why Mr.
Orms departed from the Glossology of the Agent-sending System.  Dr. W. still
 adheres to it. 
20
APPENDIX,
[PART II.
own Interest, as the Faculty of  the  Med. College were to theirs ;—
and that even the discounting twenty-five per cent, was not sufficient
to  open  their eyes to the great  advantages of  attending the  Lec-
tures of the Academy.   Mr. Orms  swears that Dr. W. directed him
to learn whether they  had been induced to stay here  by a reduction
of fees on our part, &c.  But Mr.  Orms never  made any inquiries
on  that point;—he never asked Mr.  Cote whether We had offered  a
reduction, nor did he express any suspicion of that sort.   This point
lean prove  by the testimony of the three Gentlemen whom Mr. Orms
saw on the  10th of Aug.—' Mr. Cote and two others.' Dr.  Cartier
is now in Town, and he  assures  me that  Mr. Orms made no  such
inquiry, and said nothing,—intimated nothing—to the Discredit of
the Med. Coll.,—except  what was involved in his infamous question
about  the '  detained' letter.*
  We see,  therefore, that Mr. Orms did not obey his  Instructions, if
those  Instructions are  correctly stated, either by  himself  or  by his
Master ; and hence, we may infer that no such instructions were given.
  (F) But  we have other evidence  that  Dr.  W.  has  falsely  stated
those Instructions.   Look at the  Reasons which  he  gives for send-
ing this Agent,—look at the Agent's Affidavit,  and see what he
swears Dr.  W. told him, viz.  that' a few days' after Dr. W. answer-
ed  Mr. Cote's first letter, he received a second ' letter signed Cyrus
Caut  again,'  expressing * surprise'  &.c. &c.  and ' consequently (as
Mi. Orms  siys,) Dr. W. wished me to  go to  Burlington  &c:'----
and then look at the evidence that Dr.  W. received Mr.  Cote's let-
ter  of inquiry on the evening of the 8th, and  sent Mr. Orms on the
morning of  the 9th:—look at all this, and then say  what is  the proba-
bility that Dr. W. told his Agent to ask these  gentlemen  ' why  they

  *I have learned, from Dr. Cartier one fact, which I did not know before, viz.
when  Mr. Orms first called upon them, at Mrs. Waterhouse's, he told  them he
was authorized  to say that some  deduction would be made.   [These are Dr.
Cartier's words, and, as near as he can remember, they are the words used by
Mr. Orms.]   This proposal he made, vnthout  inquiring whether We had offered
a reduction, and this proposal he made after he learned that they were not enga-
ged here at all.  It was not till in the evening 'on the wharf, just before part-
ing,'—after he found that neither his bragging,* nor  his 'earnest solicitations'*
nor  his being  'authorized to  say that some deduction would be  made,'could
open the eyes of these perverse Canadians, that he ventured,  on the strength of
his Commission, to bid as high as eleven dollars apiece ; or, if Mr. Orms  likes it
any  better,—forty-four dollars for the four.
 + U rant* bien Castleton are the words of Dr. Cote in hit Affidavit of the 23d Not. 1832.
                        \' Beaucoup d'instancei.' 
PART  II.]
APPENDIX.
21
had not received  his letters.'   Is it probable that Dr. W. ever
told his Agent, that he had answered Mr. Cote's letter of inquiry ?
Could Dr.  W. have been so  short-sighted, as to  attempt to play a
Trick upon a confidential Agent, a Student of his, and ' a young man
whose character  is irreproachable '?—Is it probable, I ask, that Dr.
W. would tell this Agent a lie, and send him to ask Mr. Cote if a
letter, which was never written, had been received?   No, I think Let-
ter of  the Doctor's cunning than to believe that.  And besides, it is
plain that Mr. Orms knew the date of  Mr. Cote's  letter, and must
have  known when  it was received by Dr. W.  and  I  ask, could Mr.
Orms  himself have believed  one word that Dr. W. said, if the Doc-
tor really had said what Mr.  Orms swears he  did say ?   Could Mr.
Orms  have believed that Dr. W.  had answered  Mr.  Cote's letter,
waited ' a few days,' and received  another, all in the space of a few
hou:'s  1
   But Dr. W. says Mr. Orms is  ' a  young man whose character is
irreproachable,'  and  this  young  man, on Oath,  declares that Dr.
 Woodward told him what ice know to be false—so that, for all I  can
see, the  Doctor stands  convicted  of a fib.  Dr.  \V. ' will recollect
that Mr.' Orms  ' is his own witness, and I  now ask  where is  he
to be believed.'

§ 17. Dr. W.  gives a false account  of  the  Grounds  of  his
   Attack upon the Medical College.
   (A) That every thing said  by  Dr. W., in  relation to the Grounds
 which he had for accusing  Us of Under-bidding, is utterly false, is
 already sufficiently manifest.  But, in order to exhibit the Doctor's
style of doing things, and to bring out, in bold relief, the  essential
character of a Woodwardism, as contra-distinguished from an ordina-
 ry falsehood, 1 offer the following  extracts.
   (B) " You see that Mr. Orms made no offer till Mr.  Cote assured
" him that the Faculty of  your Intsitution had agreed to throw  off
" the regular  fees of one Student out of the four, provided they would
"stay with you.   Mr. Orms then made the same offer."  Again, in
 another place.   " I said to Dr. Matson, nothing more than what Mr.
" Cote said to Mr. Orms.   My authority for  charging  you with  un-
" der-bidding as  I did  then and do now, is  the same  as that  upon
" which  you  rely."   And again.   " My declarations were made  up-
" on the authority of the same individual that yours  are," &-c.
   (C) If there  is any  one pait of Dr. W.'s  Letter, which exhibits,
more than any other, Falsehood Transcendent, and  lrtter Destitution 
22
APPENDIX.
[part II.
 of Moral Sense, it is the  part just quoted.  If,  in the black Cata-
 logue of Lies, which  composes that Letter, there is any one patch of
 deeper black in black, it is formed by the Falsehood just quoted. And
 yet, if I  mistake not, no part of his Letter has had  more  effect on
 the Minds of Readers, in disposing them to palliate his Guilt.*  We
 must do  the  Doctor the Justice to say that this Falsehood gives evi-
 dence of some Ingenuity ;—it shows an  Adept at the Business.   Did
 Dr. W.  in 1831, when  he  uttered his ' Middletown Declaration.'
 believe that  he  had answered Mr. Cote's letter ?—That  he had re-
 ceived a second letter from Mr. Cote ?—That he  sent Mr. Orms to
 Burlington, because his answer was not received and because he fore-
 saw that an Affidavit  was to be written one year and  a  half after
 that time, &c..'—These are home questions and would go to the Con-
 science of Dr. \V., if, alas ! his Conscience had a Home.  But, neg-
 lected and despised—its Authority trampled under foot and  its Laws
 ' made Mock, for Fools to carp at,'----the faithful  Monitor has  fled.
 That,  which ' makes Cowarads of us all,' no  longer holds  him in
 Fear.

 §  18.  Dr. Woodward gives a False Account of the Circumstan-
   ces UNDER  WHICH HIS " MlDDLETOWN  DECLARATION'" WAS MADE.

  [We  have examined the grounds, on which Dr. W. justifies himself for haoing
 done an 'underhanded and dishonourable' trick ; let us now look at his ground
 of defence  for accusing Us &c.  [See first note, p. 12.]

   (A) Dr. W's Account of the  Circumstances &c. occupies forty-
 seven lines in  the Statesman ; and in these forty-seven  lines we find
 no  less than  Fourteen  Falsehoods,  forming another  well-ordered
 Group.
  This Group may be divided into  four Sections as follows.
   1st.  Falsehoods concerning Dr. Matson's Professional  Relations
 to the  Patient  of Dr. W.'s  Operation ;  and his connexion with my
 Defence of the  28th Dec.  1832 :—being five in number.
  2d.  Falsehoods concerning Dr. Matson's Deportment, at the Scene
 of the  Operation :—being four in number.
 3d. Falsehoods  concerning the Relation, which his Calumny against

  * I shall not attempt to point out in what consists the deeper blackness of this
 Falsehood,—for  that is unnecessary.   But I do demand, as an act of justice to
Dr. Cote, that every  person, who, on reading Dr. W.'s Letter,  suspected Mr,
Cote of Equivocation, shall at least, give all the Documents an  impartial re-peru-
sal.  This being  done, as a Friend of Dr. Cote, I am willing to abide by the
Conclusion. 
 PART II.]                    APPENDIX.                         23

 the Medical College, sustained to the Remarks, made by Dr. Matson,
 in relation to the practices of the Academy :—being three in number.
   4th. Falsehoods concerning the Authority for his Calumny :—being
 two in number.

  [The reader will do well to re-peruse that part of Dr. W.'s Letter, which con-
 tains his * word or two upon the Middletown Declaration,' and then read Dr.
 Matson's Letter to Dr. W., which will be found in the Third Part, No. III.]

   (B) The contents of the fourth Group have already  been disposed
 of [See p. 21. (C)],   Dr. Matson's  letter disposes of the contents
 of the first Three Groups.
   In  relation to Dr. Matson's account of the  matter, I have a few
 words to say, viz.
   (C) No doubt could exist of the entire truth of Dr. Matson's State-
 ments, even if there were  no other Evidence of their  correctness,
 than  what is afforded by his bare Declaration.  But other Evidence
 does exist, viz.
   1st. His account of his Professional Relation to the Patient of
 Dr. W.'s operation, can be substantiated to the letter, by fhe Affida-
 vit of the nearest surviving Relatives.   This document is now in Dr.
 Matson's hands, and will be produced, if, at any future time, it should
 become necessary to trace back the ' Middletown  Declaration,' (as
 Dr. W. calls it) to its  real origin.*
  2nd. As lo Dr. M's. demeanour, at the Scene of Operation, and as
 to the relation which Dr. W.'s calumny against Us, bore to the re-
 marks of Dr. M., let it be  observed that Dr. M. appeals, for the truth
 of what he has said, to a  Gentleman  associated with Dr. W., as a
 Teacher in the Acad, of Medicine.   If there is any incorrectness in
 Dr.  M.'s account, this Gentleman is bound to say  so.   But he has
 not, to my knowledge, contradicted the statement of Dr.  M. ; and we
are forced to credit that statement. Besides,-we have the oath of Dr.
M. to prove that his remarks on the Fac. of the Acad, were made in
 reply  to Dr. W.; and,  till some clear evidence is  brought to prove
 Dr. M. Guilty of falsehood, we must believe him.
  3rd. As to Dr. Matson's statement of his correspondence with me,
 previous to the appearance  of my Article of the 28th Dec. 1832,—
 the letters which he wrote to me are in my  hands, and they prove the
entire accuracy of all he has said.

  * It is not to be supposed that Dr. W. utter d this vilest of all Calumnies, which
he speaksof under tKe very civil title of the ' Middletown Declaration,' without
having 6ome Motive.   A Guess at that Motive will be given in another place.
 Dr. W. can tell how near to the truth that Guess  has come.
       6 
24
APPENDIX.
[PART II.
   (D) But, admitting the truth of every  word, which Dr. W. has
 said, touching the circumstances  of  his ' Middletown Declaration,'-
 I do not see that he is any the better off.  He has declared that he
 does not believe that We ever practiced Under-bidding, nor any such
 Art, to obtain Students (See  p..6.)   And now what matters it, what
 Dr. Matson, or any one else, may say about the practices at the Aca-
 demy ?—Can  any thing excuse Dr. W. for charging us with '  taking
 underhanded and dishonourable means to obtain Students' when he
 himself has acquitted us of all knowledge of such 'means'?   And
 what if Dr. Matson did accuse the Faculty of the Vt. Acad, of Med.
 of ' trying to  get  away the Burlington  Students, by under-bidding,
 &c.'—what if he did?  Was  it not true ?  Dr.  Matson had himself,
 during his pupilage, been the subject of  Dr.  Woodward's especial
 kindness;—time and again  had the  Doctor directly and verbally be-
 sought him  to change his course—to forsake the College and  resort
 to the Academy.   What says Dr. Woodward, the  Dean of that Fac-
 ulty ?—Let us hear him.
   'In 1831, /(Theodore Woodward M.  D., Dean of the Faculty of
 the Vt. Acad, of Med.) attempted, by offering to reduce our fees, to in-
 duce four Canadian StudentsMot to stop  at your (the ' Burlington')
 Institution, but to come to Castleton'.'.'-And,-hecause Dr. Matson hap-
 pened to charge this maximum of all  meanness upon the Faculty of
 the Acad., when it was the Dean of that Faculty only, who perpetra-
 ted the trick and now glories in it,—Dr.  W. thinks this slight mis-
 take,  ample reason why he should  utter a  foul calumny against men,
 who  never injured  him, and who  are labouring  to  sustain  the  cause
 of Good Morals and Sound Learning against the Bribery, Falsehood
 and Malice of the Agent-sending System.
   (E) But lastly.—Dr. Woodward is a man who feels above noticing
 trifles.  He thought, when he  falsely  accused the Med.  Fac. U.  Vt.
of'taking underhanded and dishonourable means to obtain students'
 he had given me nothing  ' to  complain of, that was ever worthy the
 attention of school boys.'  And  when  he sat  down  to  write his
Letter to Prof. Lincoln, he felt as if he could hardly be  excused for
meddling with such a trifle as my  ' Communication' of  the 28  Dec;
and he would  have allowed  it to ' pass  by in silence', were  it not
that ' false impressions might be carried  abroad by means of  those
Affidavits,' and we cannot but be  surprised, that a gentleman of
such noble bearing,—conscious he had ' done nothing in this matter,
which an honorable man would not approve.'—I say we cannot but
be surprised that such a gentleman,' on the 10th day of Nov.  1832, 
PART II.]                   APPENDIX.                         25

in the presence of 12 or  14 persons' one of whom was a much res-
pected Professor in the Vt. Academy of Medicine,—could contradict
the charges of Dr. Matson ; whom he represents as having ' got into
a high state of mental excitement on the occasion, as boys frequently
will ?'  and as conducting ' more like a mad cat, then like a profes-
sional  gentleman.'  How could  this ' gentleman,'—this ' Professor
in a  Publick Institution, descend  from his station'  to  notice  the
ravings of a ' boy'  in a  ' high state  of  mental excitement ?'  It
is certainly very extraordinary.   And  when  we consider that  the
remarks, said to have been  made by Dr. Matson, are admitted, on all
hands, to be true,—we  cannot but be struck with wilder Amazement
at the fact, that a gentleman of  Dr.  W.'s standing, should reply to
Dr. Matson,  by uttering a Transendent Falsehood.

§ 19.  A Mistake, made by Dr. Woodward, Corrected.
  I must now make an  Explanation, for the benefit of Dr. W., touch-
ing the meaning of the word 'vouchers' (suret6s,) in Dr. C6te"s Affi-
davit.   Dr. W. asks ' where sir do you find this language,'  viz. ' you
need  not  urge us to leave  this  place  &.c.'   Look back to p.  3, § 6.
(B), and you will  see where I found it.   The Doctor thinks he finds,
in Dr. Cote's Affidavit, words,  the  import  of  which,  is directly the
reverse of what I have said on the authority of Mr. Cote.   " For Mr.
" Cdte says 'on parting, I represented to Mr. Orms that we should wish
" for  vouchers, and that, consequently, we should expect a letter from
" Dr.  W. confirming what  he (Mr.  O.)  had  stated,' &c."  And Dr.
W. has fallen into a serious Mis-ta.ke  in supposing that, either Dr.
Cote or myself ' must be guilty of a wilful falsehood.'   Now that we
know  Dr. W.'s Code of Morals, I am especially anxious to set him
right  in this case, because, so  long as  he  thinks he  has convicted
some body else of falsehood, so long he will find a satisfactory  Excuse
for that appalling Host  of Lies, contained in  his Letter to Prof.
Lincoln.
  On turning back to p. 4.  Sect. II.  § 6. (D) the solution of the whole
 will become easy.   It will there  be seen that  it was because  Mr.
Cdte  had discrimination enough to  perceive that  he, who will offer a
Biibe, may not hesitate to  cheat his Victim ; and because these gen-
tlemen had lost  all Respect for Dr. W. and for the  Academy, and
were  resolved that, if they  must go there, they  would  go  as cheap as
possible,—that  Mr. Cdte thought himself entitled to some  Security, or
some  Surety (suretes, vouchers) that Dr. W.  would abide  by the
terms of  the Contract ; and he, therefore,  demanded a letter from
Dr. W. himself. If this explanation is satisfactory to the Doctor I am 
26
APPENDIX.
[part  II.
very glad  of it: if not, I cannot help it.—It is the only true one.

§ 20. Falsehoods concerning the Medical College and  con-
  cerning MYSELF (OF WHICH THE MOKE  IMPORTANT ONLY ARE NO-
  TICED.)

  (A) Dr. W. states that, when I commenced lecturing  in  the Uni-
versity, the Medical College was " flourishing  with  classes  of from
50 to 60 Students" annually—that in 1831 the class was reduced to
15 ; " and in 1832 to the still smaller number of 12."  It is true that
our Class, in 1832, consisted of 12 Students; and it is also  true that
12 is a smaller number than 15.   But, excepting these two truths, the
whole statement is false, and the error in his numbers is so great, that
it is impossible to avoid the suspicion of intentional falsehood.  More-
over, if we take the published Catalogues of the Vermont Academy
as indicating, with any  tolerable degree of accuracy, the number of
Pupils actually attending Lectures there,  we shall find that,  from the
time when I first commenced lecturing  here, till  the present, the ra-
tio of  decrease in numbers at the Academy has been almost (if not
quite) as great as at the Medical College; and perhaps some other rea-
son for this  decrease  may have suggested itself to the Doctor, than
the one to which he alludes.
  (B)  Dr. W. says " You find it impossible to  keep  your little clas-
■" ses through the prescribed  Lecture Term,—they will  all  be  off at
" the expiration of 10 or 12 weeks,"  &c.
  Here we  must make  some allowance for the  Doctor's ' warmth
and ardor.'  He could not have  meant ' alV for that is impossible.
We therefore, substitute, for ' they all ;'—many  of them,—and af-
ter making this allowance, the statement still remains a presumptuous
falsehood and one of the most malicious which his perverted ingenui-
ty has invented.
   I forbear to comment  upon this Falsehood at present;  but  am
ready to tell the  whole truth, in relation to this matter, when the pro-
per time shall come.  I have noticed it in this place, merely for the
sake of bringing the Subject itself distinctly before the Profession.
   At many (and as  far as I know at  all)  ol our Med. Schools,  too
many Pupils are absent, for one  or more weeks, at the beginning or
end  of the Lecture Term, or both ;  and I have, in almost every in-
stance, found that they who spend but a  part of the term at the School,
are the very individuals who need Instruction most. At some Schools,
little or no pains is taken to learn  whether Young  Men, who pur-
chase Tickets, attend the Lectures. 
PART  II.]                     APPENDIX.                     27

  The regulations of the Med. Coll, U. Vt. are such as effectually
to prevent  all such Pupils, as thus slight their  advantages,  from
coining here a second time with the intention of Graduating.  It is
practicable, and  without much difficulty, to enforce  the regulations
of the  College, and to ensure a full Attendance, on the part of almost
every Pupil.
  (C) Dr. W. says that I " have never, directly nor indirectly, done
one single act to build up the Med. College  or to add to  its pros-
perity."
  If by this he means that I have done nothing to add to the ' pros-
perity of the School,' at the expense of the Publick Good, then is
his assertion true so far as I know.   But if he means that I have done
nothing to extend the Means of Instruction, in this College—then is
this statement in perfect accordance with his Suspicion that  there
was ' something wrong,' &c.
  The Evidence of what I have done, may be seen by any one, who
will visit the Med- Coll.   My Resources have been small, to  be sure  ;
but, nevertheless, I have expended  considerably over One Thousand
Dollars, in fitting up the Anatomical Rooms—in supplying  the Mu-
seum—in adorning the College Grounds and in  laying  the founda-
tion of a  Botanic Garden :—And,  in  this bill,  more  than Half  a
Thousand Dollars, fairly chargeable to the Med. Coll. is not includ-
ed :—nor does it include Three Years of unremitted hard Labour,
which I have bestowed (almost at  the expense of Life itself) on one
and the same object,—viz.  increasing the Means of Instruction in the
departments I am called upon  to teach.  I have bestowed  this La-
bour and  incurred this Expense, without any Authority from the Cor-
poration, and without any assurance, director indirect, that the whole,
on any part of it, will ever be refunded.   In doing  this I have done
what I thought to be my Duty  and  nothing more.
  Had one tythe of this expenditure of Time  and Labour  been ap-
propriated to writing letters  to  Young Men in the region  round-
about and  soliciting their attendance,—and had one half of this sum
of money been invested in an  Under-bidding Fund,—the number of
Students might perhaps  have been doubled, and the Medical College
might  have stood much higher, than it now does, in the  estimation of
Dr. Woodward.
  (D) The Doctor says  " You are  ashamed to  appear before the
Publick, with the names of your students arranged in the form of  a
catalogue—but  pass on term after term and never heard from" &c.
  It is really quite refreshing to meet with one statement, which there
is reason  to  suppose the Doctor himself believed  to be true.   We 
  28                         APPENDIX.                   [PART II.

  gladly exculpate him from the charge  of  falsehood  in  this case.
  There can be  no  doubt that Dr.  W. takes it for  granted that We
  are ambitious of making an appearance, before the Publick ; and he
  concludes  that twelve ' names arranged in  the form of a catalogue'
  would make no appearance at all.   We therefore give him credit for
  one more mistake, which I will now try to correct for his especial
  benefit.
    The Faculty of the Med. Coll. do not consider it  any part of their
  Duty  to appear before the Publick,  with the names  of their Students
  arranged in the form of a  Catalogue.   They have other  things to
 think  of, than making an appearance before the Publick.   If their
 Pupils have any ambition to ' appear before the Publick with their
 names arranged in the form of a Catalogue,'  the  Faculty will not
 interfere ;  except just so far as to see to  it, that the Catalogue shall
 not afford an  opportunity for persons, who are not  their Pupils, to
 appear before the Publick.
   The Doctor has so long had his eye upon the Med. Coll., and has
 kept so faithful a record of the numbers of its classes—he must be
 aware that,  when I commenced my '  career of lecturing in  the Bur-
 lington Medical School,' and when ' that School had been flourishing
 with classes of from 50 to 60  &c.,'—the  Faculty  did not flourish
 these  50  or 60  names  before the  Publick, arranged  in  the form
 of a catalogue ;  but  then went on, as they had gone  on  for sev-
eral years  before, ' term after  term, and  never heard from.'   It
certainly is  very strange  that,   with  50 or 60  bona  fide Students,
which, (according  to the  formula  for catalogue  making,)  would
have enabled  them to 'appear' with,  from 70  to   80 names, ' ar-
ranged in the  form of a  catalogue.'—strange  the Faculty should
have pursued such a ' lazy indifferent course,'—satisfied to  make no
appearance, and to pass on, term after term, and never heard  from.
But so they did in the days of  their • flourishing,'—so  they  did in
1832,  with  the ' still smaller number of 12,'—and so they will  prob-
ably continue to  do.   But the Doctor labours under a uAstake as to
the feelings  with which We pass on, doing our Duty in silence, which
but for this  kind notice, might have led him to mis-state some  facts,
in future.*

  * From the Doctor's style it is evident  he keeps himself ever fresh  in the
Classicks, and I would now refer him to a chapter in the history of Greece.
  The Persian offered the Kingdom of Greece to Leonidas, on condition he
would not oppose its invasion.   But to be  King of subjugated Greece—to pay
tribute to Xerxes was not in the soul of the Spartan :—And when, in  obedience 
PART IL]
APPENDIX.
29
   (E) I come lastly to notice the Story of the Rejection.
   Dr. W.'s Letter contains these words.   " Does the fact, that when
"on trial some few years since at  Baltimore for a  Professorship  in
" the Medical  College at that place  you were finally  rejected,  give
"you that confidence ?"
   I  would gladly pass over this most dastardly and most malicious
attack  in silence, if it were possible for me to do so,  without being
indirectly  instrumental in aiding him to carry on his Piratical  war-
fare against this  College and against  the Moral  and  Intellectual
Character of its Officers.
   Had Dr. Woodward made use of this lie in private only, or had  he
been satisfied with putting it into the Mouths of his Agents  and thus
giving it an extensive  circulation,—he might long have continued  to
enjoy  the income of it:—it would probably have  reduced the dis-
bursements of the Under-bidding  Fund, by at least $11 annually ;
and he might have found a stimulus to increased warmth and ardour
in his exertions for the  Institution with which he  is  connected,  by
tracing the influence of this  lie in  inducing ' the young men of our
' Country to  seek instruction in  other  Schools than the  Medical
' College of the  University of Vermont.'
   I  have  declined, from motives of delicacy, noticing  that falsehood
as long as my Duty to the College and  to the Publick  will permit.
[See Part Third. No. V. II 3.]  Now that he has repeated  the  story
(which there is no doubt he invented in 1831, and  then succeeded in
making current,)  and since he has  been  short-sighted enough to pub-

to  that uncompromising  Law of Lycurgus, which demanded  that no Spartan
soldier should flee before an  Invader; he  took his stand at Thermopylae, was
he ashamed to number but Three Hundred while the Invader led on a Host?
The Invading Millions  were  Persians,—the  opposing Three Hundred were
Spartans, and with them stood the Thespians and the Thebans.
  The Republick of Letters is threatened with invasion;—the Hellespont has
been passed,—Mt. Athos severed from  the Main,—some of the smaller Slates
have already yielded submission, and  the invading Host of Agent-Senders,
Pupil-Hunters and Under-bidders has already reached that narrow pass where
resistence must be made with a more than  Spartan courage, or All is lost!  Let
the Thebans be of good  cheer,—let them join heart and hand with the Thespi-
ans and with the Spartans,—and that pass shall be defended.
  For the benefit of the Doctor's Agents, I refer him to a chapter in  the earlier
History of Greece.   Let him tell his Agents what the Athenians  did  to  the
Messengers of Darius, who came to them, proposing  dishonourable terms of
Subjection and Alliance;—and let his Agents take care! We cannot  be respon-
sible for what Our Pupils may do, to the  next Agent, who brings a letter of cre-
dence and offers a discount of $11 apiece. 
30
APPENDIX.
[PART II.
 lish the lie, no alternative is left to me.  Agitur de Vita et Sanguine
 Tumi.
   This story of  my rejection, does  not  affect  my Reputation as  a
 private citizen merely ; if it did, no effort ot  Dr. VV., nor of any other
 man, could force me to make any other use of the documents, presen-
 ted in Part Third No. IV. to X., inclusive, than to show them to my
 personal Friends.   They  are now presented to the  Publick,—and
 the Reader is requested to read them, before proceeding any farther.
   Supposing these documents to have been  read, I would  inform the
 Reader that, in the spring of 1831, just before my return from Balti-
 more, Dr. W. supposed it for his interest to tell the truth  and to say
 that I was well  received  at Baltimore—giving great satisfaction &c.
 &c. or words to that intent.   It is impossible, therefore, to find any
 excuse for  him, as  some may have done, on  the ground that, if fa-
 vourably  received,  I  should,  of course, remain. *   No—he knew
 that he was uttering a willful, malicious lie, for the purpose of injur-
 ing  the  Medical College.  He knew that  few men  look below the
 surface of things and, if he could make them believe me incompetent
 to fill the Chair of Anatomy in the Univ. of  Maryland, it would be
 supposed to follow of course,  that the small number of Pupils in the
 Med. Coll.  U. Vt. was owing, in a great degree, to  the incompetence
 of the Teacher of Anatomy.   Now, in reality, it would have  argued
 nothing, as to my fitness or unfitness to fill the Chair of Anatomy in
 the U. of  Vt., if I had been rejected (i. e. not re-nominated,) at Bait.;

  * I am aware that, to some, it may appear as if  I  was guilty of  a breach of
good  faith,  in declining a  re-nomination, under  such circumstances ; and I
therefore take this opportunity  to state the conditions under  which I went to
 Bait.  They  were  these, viz.   On the part of the Med. Faculty of the U. of
 Md.  it was understood that  they were under no pledge, direct nor  indirect, to
re-nominate me.  It was known that the chair was to be filled, and if the Faculty
 and Students should be satisfied with my teaching, I had, o( course, reason to
expect a re-nomination.  As to  a re-election, that lay with the Trustees.  But
there was no pledge given on their part;—and, on my part, I was very particular
in stating that I held myself free to do as I might choose in future,__to accept
or  decline.a re-nomination, without giving my reasons.  I did then expect to
accept a re-nomination, if it should be proposed; had I not,  I should never have
consented to go at all.   But  previous  experience had taught me that, when, in
such a case, one party remains unpledged and free, the other should never bind
himself; and, although I had very little doubt that the result would be acceptance
on my part, if a re-nomination should be proposed, I  took the precaution to guard
against all contingencies.  I had been but a short time in Baltimore before I was
convinced that, to do my full share of good  in my day and generation, it would
be necessary to return to Vermont.   I have never had cause to regret the step I 
PRAT II.]
APPENDIX.
31
and any man, who will take pains to inform himself, will see that it
would not.   But  suppose  I had  gone to Bait,  with high  Hopes of
being elected to the Chair of Anatomy and had failed :—and suppose
this  failure had  been  a source of deep Regret  to  me and  to  my
Friends :—provided at the same time, it was known that I do  my
Duty faithfully here, and make a  useful  Teacher of the Elements of
Anatomy,—that man, who would proclaim to the  Publick the fact of
failure, as  Dr. W. did, cannot—manifestly cannot have the Interests
of Education at heart.
   He says that I accused him of unsound learning.   This is not true,
although he  very probably supposed it  was.  I have never said  one
word  about  Dr.  Woodward's  ability to teach well the Elements of
his profession,—neither in publick nor in private.  If the Reader  will
turn to my Article  of the  28th Dec.  1832, he  will find that I  there
enumerated   the  essential—the   indispensable qualifications  of  a
Teacher in a Med. School.   These  are my words ' The  men  who
' are entrusted by the  Publick, with the responsible Duty of teaching
' and authorizing others to practice Medicine and Surgery, should be
' men of Sound Learning, and Unwavering Integrity,—above a  Bribe,
'fearing a Lie, and Scorning to do a  Mean  Act.'   This was my
opinion then, and it is my opinion now.   I then showed that Dr. W.
was apt at a Bribe—did not fear a Lie, and  had been guilty of as
Mean an Act as can  be imagined, viz. doing ' an underhanded  and
dishonourable trick'  himself, and then  accusing Us of having done

then took ;—all I regret is that I ever went.  I was sincerely sorry to be  so situ-
ated, that acting in obedience to what I believed to be my duty, obliged me  to
retuse compliance with the request of gentlemen, deeply interested in the  well-
fare of the University, and whose liberal hospitality and gentlemanly kindness
towards me in all things; had imposed upon me a debt of gratitude which  I can
never pay.  Their generous and prompt interposition in my behalf, and the  com-
plete  refutation they have  given to the malicious fabrication of Dr. Woodward,
while it has increased my debt  of obligations  to them, has done away with the
necessity of any effort, on my part, to discharge it.  The community—that " in-
telligent community," of which Dr. W. speaks, will see, that a band of Strong
Men,—Men, neither neglected nor disappointed :—Men, whose purity of purpose
in this act, will never be  called in question, have come forth, with one voice and
with one arm, to sustain the ' disappointed, neglected'—what ?—in his struggle
to rouse the attention of  a too  confiding Publick and  to  sustain the Honour of
his Profession, against the brutal attacks and the ' underhanded and dishonorable'
influence of the Dean of the Vt. Academy of  Medicine.   That Community will
acknowledge the Debt,—and those Men will  find their highest Reward in the
approving voice of the Profession, and in the consciousness that they have been
instrumental in bringing  to justice a Pirate on the great High.ways of Science.
               7 
32
ArrENDix.
[part  II-
it—attempting to slip into Our Cradle, one of his ill-begotten Imps.
I  have now, as I think,  shown him  to  be guilty of Falsehood and
Meanness of the highest (lowest?) grade ; but ' I did  not then, nor
do I now'  say any thing  about his ability to teach.   I  then proved
that he was lacking  in some of the indispensable qualifications of a
Teacher, and he supposed  I  denied them all to  him.  No matter
what may be his Learning or his ability to teach,—he ' has shown him-
self unworthy the  Confidence of the Publick, and utterly unfit  to
fill the station, which he now occupies.'
   Such is this far-famed ' Rejection' and such  is the Moral Character
of Theodore Woodward M.  D., the Teacher, the Friend, and the
Eulogist of Mr. Cornelius Orms.
   We have done with the Principal;  let us now look at the Charac-
ter of the Accomplice.*

   § 21. A Review of Mr. Orms' Affidavit.

   (A)  Mr, Orms swears—that 'sometime in August 1831,' Dr. W.
told him he had received  a  Letter from  Mr. Cote, &c.   Yes—no
doubt he did tell Mr. O. so, * some time in August 1831'  but when?
Pupils  insensibly imbibe, to  a great degree, the mental habits of their
Teachers.  Dr. VV. forgot when Mr. Cotes' second Letter  was dated,
and his hopeful Pupil (even when bound, by the solemnities of an
oath, to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the  truth) forgot
when it was, that Dr. W.  told  him he  had received a letter from Mr.
Cote.  Reader—look at the following facts.  Mr.  Orms  has sworn
that he saw Mr.  Cote, in  Burlington,  on the 10th of Aug,  1831, and
it is certain that  Dr.  W. did not receive Mr.  Cotes' letter till the
Evening of the 8th.   Mr. Orms swears he was instructed to ask Mr.
Cote why his letter was retained so long after it  was written.  Did
not Mr. Orms know when it was  that this Communication from Dr.
W. was received ?  is it possible  he could have  forgotten  ?   Did he
not intentionally  conceal  it ?   Could  Dr.  Woodward have told  us
when the  second letter was written without sapping the  very founda-
tion of his ' Refuge'? and could Mr. Orms have told us  when it was,
that Dr. W. made that Communication to him, without giving the lie
direct to all the rest of his affidavit ?  Could Mr, Orms  have forffot-
ten when that Communication was made ?  did he not know  it was

  ♦When, in 1832, I threw the first shot into the rigging of the Flag-Ship of
this Piratical Squadron, and succeeded in bringing Her  to action,  little  did I
think that  I  should at length find myself engaged with  a Tender. But in  a
Warfare against such Craft, the distinctions  of Rate are not lo be regrded. 
PART  II.]
APPENDIX.
33
made on the Evening of the 8th of Aug.  1831 ?   And what do you
now think of Mr. Orms ?  Dr. W. says he is  'a young man whose
character  is irreproachable.'  In  all that appalling host of lies, for
which Dr. W. must  one day be called to answer, is there one more
deliberately wicked, than that which is contained in his eulogium on
Cornelius Orms ?*
  (B)  Mr. Orms swears—that Dr.W. told him he had answered Mr.
Cotes' letter, and had received another letter from Mr.  Cote, &c.
  We have already inquired into the truth of this part of the affidavit;
[See p. 20.  (F)] and the only additional remark I have to make is
this.  If Mr. Orms' memory had not been so treacherous,—had he
remembered when it was that Dr. Woodward first spoke to him on
the subject, he might have saved himself and his Master the Disgrace,
as well as the Guilt, of swearing to this silly falsehood.
   (C) Mr. Orms swears that he  asked Mr.  Cote whether he had
received an  answer  from Dr, Woodward and that Mr. Cote  told him
he  had not,  &c. Nonsense !  [See p. 20. (F).]
  (D) Mr. Orms swears that he inquired whether they had taken the
Tickets of the Med. Coll. or had obligated (' engaged') themselves
to attend a course at that School,  and that  Mr. Cote told him they
had not, but were waiting an answer from  Castleton."  From Cas-
tleton ! and what sense could there have been in such an answer 1
  Mr. Orms knew the date of Mr.  Cote's letter  to  Dr. W., as ap-
pears from his own  statement,—he knew that letter was dated on the
2nd and it was now the 10th,—they had been in Town nine days, at
least, and had not taken the Tickets.  Had they been all this time
waiting to hear from Castleton ?  No, for, as Mr. Orms  well  knew,
their letter to Dr. W.,  although dated  on the  2nd, was not sent till
the 8th.   Mr. Cote told Mr.  Orms all  the circumstances  of their
case [See p. 3. § 6.  (B)] and told him they had determined to attend
Our Lectures, if the Tickets of M'Gill Coll.  could be received, but
that they had not taken our Tickets {yet) for they  were waiting to
hear from Canada.   I have Dr. Cote's authority for saying  that Mr.
Orms has, in this  case, sworn to a deliberate falsehood.
  (E) Mr.  Orms swears that " Mr. Cote and the other Gentlemen
" did repeatedly express their wishes to attend a Course of Lectures

  *  Dr. W. says that this young man " stands beyond the reach of any slander" of
mine, and here he speaks the truth:—let his  Pupil weigh it well!  Wherever
Dr. W. himself stands, there also stands his faithful Pupil; and of Dr. W., I well
remember that it was once said.—" He is beyond the reach even of the cml pas-
sions of any honest man." 
34
APPENDIX,
[part  II•
" at the  Vt.  Acad., provided  they  could be admitted on the same
" terms they were to be received in the Med. Coll. ; giving me to
" understand that if they all staid at Burlington a reduction of fees
" to the amount of one course would be made."
   I have the authority of Dr. Cote, Dr. Allard, and  Dr. Cartier, and
I have the unanswerable demonstration drawn from the  circumstan-
ces of the case (as  detailed in pages 3, 4 and 5.) for saying that, in
this case, Mr. Orms has deliberately and maliciously sworn to two
calumnious  falsehoods.
   1st. They expressed no such wish—and said nothing,  not one syl-
lable, about the terms of admittance neither here nor at Castleton, in
the sense  in which Mr O. uses the word ' terms,'   All the terms they
spoke of (if they used that word at all)applied to the Montreal Tickets.
They had  seen the Circulars of the Med.  Coll. and of the  Academy
and knew the terms (the professed terms) of both, and they preferred
to attend the Lectures of the College, because our terms were  cash,
&c. (See p.  1. § 1.)   The very fact that these Gentlemen were not
in straightened pecuniary circumstances, and  that they preferred the
Med. Coll. to the Academy for the reason just stated is, of itself, suf-
ficient to throw at least a doubt on  the truth of this statement.   But
it is useless to multiply  proofs.
   2nd- For proof that the second part of this extract contains a trans-
cendent falsehood, which was first incautiously uttered  by Dr. W. at
Middletown, for a specific purpose, and which he now  ' comes out
like a man' and repeats and gets a Dupe  to swear to—See Dr. Cote's
Affidavit of the 23rd Nov.  1832, and also See Part Third, No. I. IT 5.
   (F) Mr. O. swears that these Gentlemen " agreed, in case Mr.
" Viger should not, on  his arrival,  be obligated  to  stay  there, they
" would all come; otherwise they should probably stay at Burlington."
Now let us look at the probability of this statement being true. First.
Who that knows any  thing about the practices of  Med.  Students,
does not know that Mr. Viger, who had not yet arrived, would almost
certainly abide by the decision of his comrades, who had gone before
him to make inquiries ?   Second.  We must keep in view the fact
that these  Gentlemen told Mr. O. all the circumstances of their case
and told him they should all remain here if they could be admitted
here.— Third. To  Mr. Cote, this business of' engaging'  or « obliga-
ting' Students to attend Lectures was a Mystery (See p. 4. C.) Last-
ly, I have the authority of the above-named Gentlemen  for pronouncing
this statement also to be utterly false,—to have no foundation in truth
whatever. 
PART  II.]                  APPENDIX.                        35

  (G) It is not necessary to offer any proof that the next statement
sworn to is equally false.
  (H) Mr. Orms swears that not one word was said  respecting the
discounting of $ 11 apiece.   In this statement he intended to accuse
me of falsehood [See my article of Dec.  28th,  1832 ; See also p. 4
(D) and page 20, note ;  and  Mr. Cote's letter in Part Third, No.
I.] Now let us see how Mr. Orms' own account of the matter corres-
ponds with this statement.   In another part of the Affidavit it is said
" The amount of the reduction of fees was  not specified—no more
" than to meet the  proposal  of  the  Gentlemen of the U. of Vt."
And what was the proposal of those  Gentlemen, according to Mr.
Orms ?   It was equal to the amount of the fees for one course—very
well! and how much would that be ?   It would be $43,  which, divi-
ded by  4, gives a quotient $10>too-   Then  I did not  come very far
from the truth, in saying $11,00.   But would a Gentleman like Mr.
Orms, on an Agency so dignified, and so important, offer  a fraction
of a  dollar ?  And if he offered more than We offered what was to
turn the scale ?   Perhaps their strong desire to  attend the Lectures
of the Academy might be sufficient; and, at all events, that, with the
extra 25 cents, must have been irresistible.  I leave  the  Reader to
make his own comments.
   (I) Finally, Mr. Cornelius Orms of Castleton doth  testify and say
that  Mi. Cote did not say to him, directly nor indirectly—" You need
" not urge us to leave this place,' &c. as was stated in a late solemn
" declaration to the  publick."  Reader whom do you believe ?
   Such is this Affidavit, and such the Character of  Cornelius Orms,
a Pupil and a Confidential Agent of Theodore Woodward M, D. 
 
APPENDIX.
 Part Third.  Containing Documents, referred to in Parts First and
   Second,—with Concluding Remarks.

   Section VII.  Documents, referred to in Parts First and Second.

   §  12. Document No.  I.—A Letter from Dr.  Cote  to Dr.
 Lin  oln.

                                         L'Acadie Sept. 1st 1833.

   Y 1. Sir—I have received from you the Burlington  Sentinel of the
 29th of March.  Having attentively read the Defence of Dr. Wood-
 ward, I cannot refrain from remarking ' sur l'amertume et le fiel de
 son style.'  [ This expression I must leave the Reader to translate as
 he may see fit; a verbatim translation will by no means give the full
 force of  the original ; and I will not take it upon myself  to say how
    ch the English of l'amertume et le fiel may mean.]
    2. As for myself, personally, I have nothing for which to reproach
 ' ". Woodward ; for, although he is guilty of falsehood, his statements
 appear to be based upon  the  malicious  misrepresentations  of Mr.
 Orms, who must  be ' bien mechant,' or his memory  must be  very
 treacherous.
  U.3. Referred to in    Before accusing Mr. Orms, I would say to Dr.
 Part  Second, Sect.  Woodward, that I do not remember to have writ-
 VI. §  16.  (B) page  ten him a second letter; and although  I  do  not
 15  and 16.          deny itj j  woujd beg of him to bring f()rth that

 letter, that I may be convinced of the truth of his assertion.*

  * After the Reader has seen all the Documents and finds it impossible that Dr.
 Cote should have  written two letters (unless they  were both sent  by the same
 mail,) he may naturally ask, why  Dr. Cote's expression is thus guarded I will
 explain.—Until the time of my last visit to Canada, viz. on the 1st of Sept. I had
 no  suspicion that Dr.  W.'s Story about  the second * letter signed Cyrus Caut
 again' was  all false.   I never believed that Dr. W. answered  the first, but did
 suppose he received a second from Mr. Caut; and, when Dr. Cote first told me
 that he never wrote a second letter, I thought he must have forgotten, and beg.
 gedof him to express himself with great caution.  He then altered the statement,
 from a plain denial, to the expression herein contained.
  At that time, I knew nothing of the reason why the letter, dated Aug. 2nd,
 1831, was not mailed till the 8th, nor had I then  examined the Records of ihe
 Post Oflice, nor the Way-bill of the Steam Boat.  Had I then known all the facts,
that unnecessary caution would not have been given ; and had Dr. Cote reflected
a moment,  he would have seen that it was impossible he should have written a
second letter. 
38
APPENDIX.
[PART III.
   T. 4. Referred to    Dr. W.  is at loss to understand why I should
  in Part II. Sect. VI. sjgn my name  Cyrus Caut :—I will now explain
  § 16 (A), page 15.   thjg great j\iyStery.   I can prove, by papers now
  in my possession, that it has been my custom, when writing in English,
  to write mv  Christian  name Cyrus,—which, as I suppose, is the Eng-
  lish equivalent for the French Cyrille—at least my English Teachers
  tausrht me so.
   As to my Family  name,—Caut,—it is the  name, by which my
  Father was baptised, (in proof of  which I can  Furnish to  Dr. W. a
  copy  of the Certificate of Baptisme,)  and I have thought  proper to
  write Caut,  when writing  in English.   Dr. W. should be informed
  that, in Canada, where the population  was primitively French, it is
  very common for men to  Gallicise their  names ;—hence the reason
  why my name has the  Gallic form Cote.
   f 5. Referred to in    I would now address Mr. Orms :—and first,
 Part Second, Sect. VI.  I  say that he  swears falsely when he  says that
 § 21 (E) page 33.      we ^ Cana<]ian Students) gave him to under-
 stand that if we all remained at Burlington, a reduction of fees would
 be made, &c.
   v 6. Referred to  in     Tn the second place, I add that, although when
 Part First, Sect. II.   j    d     Affidavit of the 23rd Nov.  1832, I
 6 6. (D) page 4. Also   ,. ,   ,  J    ,     ,           r ,,      ...
 p. 20. and the  note to   did not remember the amount of the reduction
 that page.            of fees, pioposed  by Mr. Orms, yet certain cir-
 cumstances  have since recalled it to my memory and I now affirm
 that it was eleven dollars  for each,—making in the whole forty-four
 dollars.
   IT  7. As I do not wish to accuse  Mr.  Orms, without giving him
 every  chance to exculpate himself, and  wishing myself to exculpate
 him if possible,  I am  willing to believe that he mis-understood my
 English and  that, in  several places in his  Affidavit, he spoke  under
 a misapprehension of  what I said.   But if Mr, Orms persists in
 pretending that he understood me aright and  that I said as he states,
 then  I shall deem it incumbent on  me  to defend myself, publickly,
 and  to give the lie (de donner le dementi) to him, who alone  is guilty
 of it.
  n  8. Part First     It  onlv remains for me to say one word to  our
 pageY1' § 6'  P)  ' Aimable Professeur' Dr. VV.—viz. After  we part-
                 ed  with his ' 6missaire'  on the wharf,  and he was
 about  to return to his ' Patron', we could not refrain from saying,
 amongst ourselves, that if  the Professors  had really authorised Mr.
 Orms to say  that which he said he was authorised  by them to say,
then we should be received a  bon marche at that Institution ; and I
must confess,  My  Dear Sir, that we had formed  a very mean idea of
your School.   Perhaps, however,  it  was not merited by the  other
Professors.                    Yours, &c.

  v  n   i                                 C- H" °- COTE-
  To Dr.  Lincoln. 
  taut III.]                    appendix.                          39

    § 23. Document No.  II., Containing the Evidence that Mr. Cote's
 letter to Dr. Woodward, did not reach Castleton till the Evening of
 the 8th, and  that Mr. Orms left  Castleton for  Burlington, on  the
 Morning of the 9th.

    (A) Note from E. Mills Esq., Post Master in Burlington.

    Dr. Lincoln,—I  have  examined the Records of this Office, in
 compliance with your request;  and I  find that  no letter was mailed
 at Burlington for Castleton, in Aug. 1831, until  the 8th.  On the 8th
 one letter,  single and post-paid was mailed  for  Castleton.   There
 was but one letter  received at this Office from Castleton, in  the
 month of Aug. 1831,  between the 1st  and  the  11th  of that  month.
 On the 9th one letter, single, post-marked  Castleton, Aug.  9th, and
 Post-paid at Castleton, was received at  this Office.
                             Yours, &c-
                                          E. Mills, Post-Master.

   [The Records of the P.  Office make it certain that if Dr. Woodward replied to
 Mr. Caut's  inquiries by letter, he must have done  so on the  9th.   But  Mr.
 Orms came  to Burlington  on the 9th, and it is not  very probable that Dr. W.
 would write, and send  an Agent, both on the same day. Nevertheless, it is
 not impossible that  he  did so.   It may  be that, when he received Mr. Caut's
 letter,  he had no Agent at home—no Tender in  Port, and he might have sent
 a letter, giving * the necessary information.'—Mr.  Orms  might  have  returned
 to Castleton from a  Mission,  after the closing of  the Office, and the Doctor
 might have despatched him to Burlington, by the way of the Lake, with instruc-
 tions to watch the arrival  of  the Southern Mail and take out the letter, which
 he had mailed, before it was known that an Agent would be on hand.  All this
 is certainly possible. I do not attach much importance to this  suggestion; but if
 it should happen to hit the truth, it will so far be gratifying:—for it will afford
 something like  a substratum  for one part of the Doctor's statement:—it will
 make his assertion, that he ' put one into the  hands of the Post-Master' true,—
 when insulated from all that follows.  And in this very remarkable production,
 the Letter to Prof.  Lincoln, it would be pleasantly amusing, on stripping off the
 cloaks,  to find one little Truth, though in very bad company  and wearing the
 dress of a lie.
   The Doctor can have his choice :—either to  admit, that he did not write at all,
 till after Mr. Orms' return  from  Burlington, (viz. on the  llth,)—or to admit that
 his letter was mailed on the Morning of the 9th.  If he did not write at  all, then
 he has committed a slight  mistake, in one part of the Letter:—if he did  write, at
 all, he must have written on the 9th, and  if so, then he has committed a mistake
 of'a few days' in another part.  And if he did write on the 9th,  (the same day
 that Mr. Orms came,) then we can see one way of accounting for the miscarriage
 of his letter, without involving the University in the Crime  of Mail-Robbery.
 For my  own part, I have no reason whatever  to believe  that he wrote at all, till
 the llth.]

   (B)  Extract from  a  letter from Dr. Cote, dated Sept. 15th, 1833.

"  Mr. Orms came to see us  at  Mrs. Waterhouse's, after breakfast,
" about 9 o'clock in the morning, and accompanied us to  the Lecture-
" room, where he sat near us,"&.c.

  [It was on  the 10th 'hat  Mr. Orms ' saw Mr. Cote and two others,' as he him-
self truly says, and  it appears by this,  that it was on the morning of the 10th.
He must, therefore, have left Castleton on the 9th.]
        8 
40
APPENDIX.
[fart III.
   (C) Note fkom P. Doolittle Esquire.

   Dr. Lincoln :—In compliance with your  request,  I have  looked
over the way-bills of the Steam-boat Franklin for the  month of Aug.
1831,—and I  find that a Mr. Orns came from Whitehall to Burling-
ton on the 8th of that month.   The way-bill, for that  day, is in the
hand-writing of the Steward  of the Boat.  At that  time, the Boat
left Whitehall about  10 o'clock  A. M.  and arrived in Burlington
about 5 P. M. of the same day.   Passengers from Castleton to
Burlington, by the way of Lake  Champlain, would take the Boat at
Whitehall.     Yours &e.              PHILO DOOLITTLE.

  [ The Mistake of Orns for Orms might easily happen to any man, and especial-
ly, to one who is not very much accustomed to receiving and recording names.
The Mr. Orns on the way-bill was a cabin passenger, and there can be no doubt
that it was Mr. Cornelius Orms, whose name was wu's-understood Orns, by the
Steward.]

  § 24.  Document III.   Dr.  Matson's letter  to Dr. Woodward—
with an Editorial notice of the same, taken from the  Vt. Statesman
of the 16th April 1833.

                 VERMONT  STATESMAN.
            CASTLETON, TUESDAY, APRIL  16, 1833.
  •« Who shall decide when Doctors disagree."—We insert this week a commu.
nication from Dr. Matson, in replication to something which appeared from Dr.
Woodward a few weeks since.  The public will see by these  communications'
(the last of the kind which we hope ever to publish,) that editors are not the only
beings who use hard words.  We take very little interest in this " medical and
surgical" quarrel, and should not wonder if our readers felt  quite as  indifferent
as ourselves.  It is to us nothing but apost mortem examination of an old subject
which all partus will do well to bury  as soon as possible.  But if they will con!
tinue to operate upon it, we have only to say, we had much rather they would
practice surgery in that way, than upon our own live carcass.
             TO THEODORE WOODWARD, M. D.

   Sir—I have read your answer to Professor Lincoln, and find state-
 ments therein, which, if true, would place my  character in an unfa-
 vorable light  both with respect to my professional qualifications, and
 otherwise    Therefore,  in my  own defence, as you made your state-
 ment public, I will take the liberty to make a public correction
 MiHrflV^ 'V?n thG  10th day of Nov"  1832' l amputated a limb in
 Middletown, \ .  ,„ presence of 12 or  14 persons.   Dr. Matson had

 thT,  H 3t ^i^ SySician ; but the Patient beca™ dissatisfied whh
 ThZ   l  A°l Dr' ^ and dismisSed him Previously to the operation
 Th,  excited his indignation.  He manifested a strong  dispSn to
 impute his misfortune  in the case to my previous disa.reeme    with
him m opinion.  He was present, as he testifies, at theonerTtion and
had he opened the whole  budget, he would have sard that £ got'into
a hlgh state of mental excitement on the occasion, as boys frequent y 
partIII.]                    appendix.                       41

will, and conducted more like a mad cat, than like a professional gen-
tleman, attacked the Faculty of the Vermont Academy of Medicine,
accused them of trying to get away the Burlington students by under-
bidding, &c. &,c."
  " You know that this Dr. Matson induced you to make your sympa-
thetic appeal at the time you did."
  With respect to my having been the attending physician,  and be-
ing dismissed  because the patient became dissatisfied with my  con-
duct, &c.   This charge I  acknowledge  to be  true in part.   I had
beer'the attending physician ; but as to my having been dismissed
bv the patient because he was  dissatisfied with my conduct, I deny.
1 dismissed  him—admonishing  him of his  danger in adhering to the
course which you had prescribed, and which he was resolved on fol-
lowing • at the same time he wished me to take charge of him under
 your prescriptions, which will  appear from the following statement,
 which r-stand ready to prove at any time after the publication of this.
   In the case of the patient referred to, I  practiced according to the
 course adviseil by yourself.   I expressed my opinion previous to hav-
 nTyour counsel  which was,  that the tumor would  have  o be ex-
  ited before a perfect cure could be performed and  I all the while
 Idhered to  hat o'pini >n, though I consented to make  a trial of your
 remedy.  Previous to dismissing the  patient,  I expressed my belief
 SS the course which  was advised was of no use, and said  I would
 not be the  instrument under you any  longer of pursutng that course
 of practice, for I was confident, if pursued  ,t wo,   end^n  he loss
 of the limb if not the life of the patient.   1 was willing to.attend on
 him provided he would follow  my prescriptions.  I propo ed^ an ex-
 amination of the tumor, and, if practicable, a removal of'it, which he
 refused,  I then told him  I could not consider him  my pat ent any
 longer, but would call on him  daily,  and  any thing he wished me to
 do as a neighbor, I would  do freely  and  without  charge, but could
 not,  though  indirectly, incur  the responsibility of such a course of
  practice any  longer.  Thus, I dismissed him ; and as I -P™m»ed, I
  went and administered assistance till  I left town on a journey, when
  another physician was called.                              ...    .
    As to my being in a state of mental excitement, &c, 1 will only
  mention an observation made by a certain  person who was present
  at the operation.   He  says : « Dr.  W.'s representing you as bemgm
  a state of mental  excitement, reminds me of an an^te concermng
  two drunkards.   As they were walking  the street  ™V™™»
  then falling to the ground  one of theme  -    ^«
  his way to meet them, and cr.es ont to h- ^k>       P   ^ ^
  same time staggering  against the fence,
  that  boy staggers 1"
of
students by under-bidding,  ^'  / "A 'fam willing to trust the tes-
heard him say awordon  he-abject)  ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^^
timonv of one of the 1 acuity, y 
42                      APPENDIX.                  [PAKT III.
   at the time, and  probably heard  the  whole conversation.  I mean
   Professor March, a gentleman for whose  ability and veracity I have
   a very great respect.   And there is another in this fown, whom you
   have abused no less  than  myself,  who  was present and heard  the
   whole.   He is the man you called " a rotten hollow-hearted curse,-
   a cripple both in body and  intellect, and a d—d scoundrel, whom, if
   he was worth minding, you would prosecute for slander." Now, Dr.
   do you know who I mean ?  He is a man whose honesty was never
   doubted by his neighbors, and with whom were you to exchange char-
   acters, it would induce you to think you  were transplanted into a
   new climate, where falsehood and detraction did not grow on every
   bush.  If these  gentlemen  will testify, they will declare that I said
   no more  nor less than this, viz : that, after you had uttered your ac-
   cusation  against the  Faculty of the Medical College of the Univer-
   sity of Vermont, I  replied, " Doctor, I no not so understand it."
     You charge me, though indirectly, of having induced  Dr. Lincoln
   to make his communication.  It is true I wrote to him soon after you
   made your statement,  but not with a view to " pick  his flint for a
   newspaper battle," but to satisfy  myself respecting the  truth  of the
   statement you there made.   He answered me  immediately and re-
   quested my deposition, with one other,  containing the statement you
   made.  Accordingly, I obtained the testimony of another, and sent
   together with my own, requesting him not to publish  mine, as I did
   not wish  to do any thing which would bring me into a  controversy
   with you, or any other person—believing  from what I  had already
   seen, that you  were a man whose anger was excited at nothing, and
   when excited, would seek revenge  regardless of truth, and every oth-
  er  qualification of an honest  man.   lie wrote me again, and request-
  ed  my consent to have  my deposition published.   I gave it, and never
  again will I  refuse  to give my testimony where I think jt will subserve
  the cause  of justice.
    Did you think I stood so much in fear of that highsounding name,
  Theodore  Woodward, M. D.  Dean of the Faculty and Professor in
   he, Vermont Academy  of Medicine, that I dare  not give  myT^s"
  tion.   No : I mean that mine shall ever be a character that will r7se
  above such cowardly abasement.

  «i£SiImU  ^^k' ??Ct°r' t0 f°rtify y°ur ch"acter by smutty black-

  s^fc-t ^'ther-t^s^r ^^t  rboys' ■■£




 by railing like a madman,  dlm^nV everT ml" T'l *  bad Ca"Se'
 you  in opinion, and denouncing)! JTJ \i?   I  ° dlSilSrees  with
 I to  remain silent, an declinedult7rT ^  th° pUbMc ?  Am
 while you, reckless of honest  attemnt tn"     "* ^ °W" defe°Ce'
acter, by the sacrifice of mte  b deVr/" *'" y°Ur ?akin* char-
and , he as black as  the  hZart  'thS tTcTed *t r™™™ °f *"*' 
PART  HI.]
APPENDIX.
43
  In conclusion, I will only say—if you see fit to reply to a  boy, do
not descend to low blackguardism ; but make statements  fairly, and
those that are  true.  And if you will  make it appear, that, in any
wav I have erred, " as boys frequently will," I will correct the error.
   3                                       S. G. MATSON.
  Middletown, March 21**, 1833.

   & 25. Document No.  IV.—A Letter  from the Anatomical
Class  of the University of Maryland, received on the  26th
of Feb. 1831.
   At  a Meeting of the Members of  Anatomical Class &c. held on
Saturday  26th Feb.  1831, Mr.  Ambler being called to the Chair,
&c &c.   The following  resolutions  were unanimously adopted.
   1st  Resolved—That the Class entertain the highest respect for the
 qualifications of Dr. B. Lincoln, as a Professor of Anatomy ;  and
 learn with regret, that he has declined being a candidate for the va-
 cant Chair.                                           ... mrx.
   2nd Resolved—That it is the warmest wish of the class, it it meet
 the approbation of Dr. Lincoln, that  he continue a  candidate for the
 Anatomical Chair.                 ..,,,,          c    ♦•
    3rd Resolved—That this class feels impelled by a sense of grati-
 tude  to declare its high opinion of the late course of Anatomy ; and
 the especial advantages and instruction derived from the  Lectures on
 Comparative  Anatomy and  the lucid demonstrations of the Brain
 and Nervous System.                                      .
    4th. Resolved—That we present our sincere thanks to Dr. Lincoln
 for his unremitted and disinterested exertions, and  his uniformly po-
 lite deportment,  during this long and laborious  course.
    5th. Resolved—That the proceedings &c. be signed by the Chair-
 man  and Secretary, and that they be required to present a  copy  to
 Dr. Lincoln,  and another for  publication.
    Alexander II. Mason,         RICHARD C. AMBLER,
                  Secretary.                        Chairman.
    [This letter was in my hands, when the Story of the Rejection was first blown
 about in this quarter.]
    $ 26. Document No. V.—Copy of a Letter, Addressed by Me
 to Dks.  Smith,  Baker,  Potter,  Hall, and McDowell ;  the
 only surviving Members of the Med. Fac. U. Md. in lbdi.

    [Dr. De Butts died soon after I left Baltimore.]
                       Burlington  Vt. 21** March, 1833.
    T 1.  Mv Dear Sir :-In an Article, addressed to me, by Dr. Wood-
 ward of  Castleton (Dean of the Faculty in the \ t. Acad, of Med.,)
 and published in the Vermont Statesman on the 19th inst.,  1 find the
 foHow ng   << Does any thing you find in  looking over the history of
 voir  naf life,  place "you in  this  commanding attitude before the
 Sic" Doe's  e fa J that when  on trial some few years since at 
44
APPENDIX.
PART III.
   Baltimore for a Professorship in the Medical College at  that  place
   you were finally  rejected, give  you that confidence."
     H 2.  The  Article alluded to, was written in reply to an Article,
   addressed by me  to  the Publick,  and  published in the Burlington
   Sentinel on the 28th day of Dec. 1832,   I am sorry that it is not in
   my power to furnish you  with a copy  of Dr. W's Communication.
   It will be re-published in the Sentinel at his request, and I shall then
   send you a  copy.

    [I found, however, that the  Editor of the Sentinel refused to copy Dr. W.'s
   Letter.   He at length consented to do it at my request.]

    A copy of my Communication to the  Publick  is herewith trans-
  mitted, and  you will see that the passage above  cited, has reference
  to the second sentence in my Communication.
    IT 3. The Story of my ' Rejection' was industriously  circulated
  in this  region, on  my return  from  Baltimore,  in  the spring  of
  1831, and, as I suppose, with the most  malicious intent.   But I  did
  not then think it worth  while to  correct it ; at present, however, my
  relations are such that it becomes my duty to  interfere.
    If 4. I will not presume to say more than merely to request you to
  read the above extiact,—and if  your  feelings  lead  you to  make any
  remarks, in relation to the subject, which you can cheerfully put into
  my hands, to be used  by me as circumstances may require, you  will
  confer on me a Favour, for which I shall be very erateful.
                                     Respectfully &,c.
                                                    B.  L.
    Remark.     In reading the Answers to  this letter, (viz.  No.  VI.
  VII. VIII. IX. and X.) let  attention be paid to dates, that it may be
  seen  with  how  much promptness  these  gentlemen  came forward to
  repel Dr. W.'s attack upon  me.*

   » Besides these letters, I received, entirely unsolicited  and  unexpected,  two
 others v.z:—one from an Individual of the Anatomical Class of 1830—31  and
 a joint letter, signed by four other Individuals of the same Class ;—all resident
  n Baltimore. These letters I have thought it unnecessary to publish, although "
 tlZ^   SY gr,atf,fyin#t0 Po^essthem and to entrust  their  contents to the
 hands of personal friends.  I had been told that a strong prejudice existed in
 Baltimore, and at the South generally,  against New-England-Men ;  bu   ofar as
 my own experience and hmited observation go,  they prove the very revirVe   I


 that a more innmate ^M^^^Z^^A^,^^^

 the ears of a New-England^S  and to mP  U . ^^Tt  ^ W°rds fel1 0n
 of my Friends and former PupHs Tn tnat S  ct  on tt   WBhtlthat/njr °ne
 very Gates of one of the most Dooukr lwi I I.  i   ^M k^°W ,hat'  from the
 gone forth a Falsehood so  veP as t0  rtse fnH?  \" New-E"Sla"d. ^ere has
 Chesapeake.  To those Gentlemen  m  fol^T u"  the Shores of the
/*%and acceptably done-wa? the hi*h/* H    P ' ,whose-we11 and /«**-
 the dearest Boon of him, wholaboured for tn emT"*  u  "^ Recofmpense'
 ckr my most cordial thanks; and from thi • mv Rfltr7°H t a*"» "^^ly te*"
                        "u iforn mis my Ketreat' I would again extend to 
PART III.]
APfENDIX.
45
  §  27.   Containing  the  Answers to  my  Letters of the 21st  of
March.

  Document No. VI.—A joint  letter from Drs. Smith, Hall,
and  Potter,

                                  Baltimore March 2Qth, 1833.
  H  1.  Dear Sir :—I regret exceedingly that any thing, relative to
your connexion with the University of Maryland,  should have given
occasion to your  enemies to assail your reputation.  You have simply
stated to us the facts, and  left us to act according to  our sense of
justice and propriety.
  First, let me say that I have not the slightest reason to be actuated
by any hostility  towards the individual  who has assailed you ; and
regret that he  should have been so mis-informed.  But I should  be
grossly unjust to you, did I hesitate, one moment, to declare that the
assertion—" when on trial some few years since at Baltimore for a
Professorship  in the Medical College in that place, you were finally
rejected"—is in the utmost degree, false and malicious.
  At the close of your truly  Scientific Course,  the Faculty of which
I am a member, held a meeting, at which they expressed, by resolu-
tion, their  unqualified  approbation of your Lectures, and requested
permission to nominate you to the vacant Chair.
  The Pupils  of  the Institution also held a meeting at which similar
sentiments were unanimously expressed.    I  have no doubt, had you
consented to become a candidate,  that you would have been elected.
You left us carrying with  you the respect and good wishes of every
member of our Faculty.
                      Very  Respectfully &c.
                                   N.  R. SMITH,
                                        Prof. Surgery  U. Md.

  IT 2.  I concur with my Colleague Prof.  Smith, in the foregoing
detail of facts, relating to Prof. Lincoln.
                        RICHARD WILMOT HALL,
                                  Prof. Obstetrics dfc.  U. Md.

  IT 3. I fully concur  in the facts above stated.   Dr. Lincoln's re-
linquishment of the Anatomical Chair was a voluntary act ;—totally
unconnected with the Trustees or  the other Members of the Faculty,
His Course was held in high  estimation,  and  all who were connected
with the Institution, parted from him with regret.
                            N.  POTTER,
                              Prof. Theory and Pract. U. Md.

them individually, the invitation contained in the last words I had the honour to
pronounce in their presence.
  To those especially, who have come forward,—volunteers in the cause of Good
Morals and Sound Educatation, against Falsehood, Calumny and Agent-Sending,
I  owe a more particular  acknowledgment; but this is not the time nor the
place. 
46
APPENDIX.
[PART  III.
     Document No.  VII.—A letter from Dr. Baker.

                                    Baltimore, March 28th,  1833.
     Dear Sir :—It gives me great pleasure to say that the insinuation,
   that you were rejected is totally devoid of truth.   For one, 1 frankly
   declare that I regretted your retirement from this  School.  The rea-
   sons, which induced you to decline remaining here, are with yourself.
   I  believe your  Science, your Talents,  your  Enterprise, and your
   Industry, would have rendered you a  valuable member of our Literary
   and  Scientifick  Institution ; and consequently,  I  consider your de-
   parture from us as a loss not easily made up.   Hoping &c.
                    1 remain  &c."  SAMUEL  BAKER,
                                      Prof Mat. Med.  U. Md.

    Document, No. VIII.—A letter from Dr. McDowell.

                                  Baltimore, March 29th, 1833.
    Dear Sir:—Your letter of the 22nd inst. came  to hand yesterday
  &c.----The extract which your letter contains, from a publication
  addressed to you, by Dr. Woodward, occasioned no small degree of
  surprize to me.   I shall merely state the facts with  respect to your
  connexion  with the Med. School  of the  U. of  Md.   After occupy-
  ing the Anatomical  Chair for one Session, you positively and une-
  quivocally declined being a candidate for the Professorship of Anat-
  omy in our  School.   My impression is  that you would have been
  elected Prof, of  Anat. in the U. of Md., if you  had consented to
  become a candidate for that Chair.   It is perfectly idle to say that
  you  were ' rejected.'
                 Very Respectfully &c.
                     MAXWELL Mc DOWELL,
                        Prof, of the Institutes of Med. U.  Md.

   Document  No. IX.—A  letter from Dr. Potter.

   n                             Baltimore, March  30th, 1833.
   Dear bir :—I received your favour  this morning,  and I can assure
 you most sincerely, I take great pleasure in having it in mv  power to
 refute a Calumny against you, which must have originated'altogether
 in malicious  fabrication.  There never was the least surmise,  much
 less foundation that you left Baltimore from any other cause than
 a voluntary relinquishment  of the Anatomical Chair.  The entire
 satisfaction given to your Colleagues and to the Class, and the con-
 fidence inspired by  the  whole  tenourof your conduct publick and
 private, are sufficient refutation of the charge &c &c
 t  V ulU,?0t, be nece33ary  ^ copy the whole of  Dr. Potter's letter
 In it, he alludes to the fact of having already  appended Tee t ficate
   ^S,lth'stterlSeeNo.VI.  IT 3.)  and 'the chief ei J of the
 ™ZZ     * be'n2 thereb* answered> he  has, i„ the letter before
me, spoken on several points, not immediately bearing on Dr.  W.'s 
PART III.]
APPENDIX.
47
Calumny ;—of his own family &c.—The letter contains some facts,
which I feel proud that  my personal friends should know, but which
need not be made publick.   Among other things this veteran Teach-
er remarks " we must all  regret that such  things (alluding to Dr.
" W.'s conduct,) degrade Medical  Science and its  votaries—they
" lessen the dignity of Schools, and lower the Standard of Medical
" Education.  There are two many Schools and too little Science,
" Men now follow teaching as a trade, and not as a profession."]

  Document No. X. A letter from Dr. Hall.

                    West  Lexington  St. Bait., April 8th,  1833.
  My Dear Sir :—In consequence of an  unusual inattention on the
part of the penny-post,  your letter of the 21st ult.  was delayed &,c.
This I should have regretted the more, had not  my Colleague, Prof.
Smith, handed to me your's of the same date, with his reply, which I
also subscribed forthwith.
  In addition to the facts as set forth by Prof. Smith,  I have deemed
it proper to refer to  your  letter of the  15th of March, 1831, now
before me,—addressed to the Med. Fac. U. of Maryland ; in which,
for reasons therein given, you " decline an election to the Chair of
" Anatomy in our University in  opposition to  the solicitations of
" those  who are most deeply interested  in  your remaining"  with
us.  [Let it be observed that this quotation is from a letter  written
by  nie in 1831.]  Among these (reasons) the interests of the  Uni-
versity of Vermont, which you felt bound  to sustain,  appear to have
paramount  weight and  do  honour to your Character.  I could  add
much more, were it requisite, in your behalf:—but this will cover
the whole  ground of Calumny.
               With Sentiments of Respect &c.
                        RICHARD WILMOT  HALL,
                                    Prof. O'/stet. 4-c. U.  Md.
9 
 
CONCLUDING  REMARKS.
     Section VIII. Remarks upon the Position, before the Publick,
 assumed by Dr. Woodward and Mr.  Orms.—Upon Dr. Woodward's
 Letter, and  upon the Review of that Letter : with a Develope-
 ment of the Plan for  Future operations.

   § 28.  Notice of the extraordinary  Spectacle  presented
 by Dr. Woodward and his Agent ;  with Evidence to show that
 Mr. Orms could not have misunderstood Mr. Cote in 1831.

   (A)  If the Reader has had  patience  to follow me thus far, the
 question may now  be submitted—whether I have come too soon be-
 fore the Publick, to warn  them of the existence of Abuses, which
 imperiously demand Correction.
   It cannot be, that any  impartial  Reader  has failed to see, how
 subversive of  the best Interests of Medical Education, are  the Prin-
 ciples and the Practice, openly avowed and defended by Dr. Wood-
 ward.
   (B) For my own part, I have no fear that men, living in this Vicin-
 ity and acquainted with the Parties, will hesitate to believe, that in all
 I have said, there is nothing but plain,  unvarnished Truth.   Nor
 have I  any reason to fear,  that my  Friends  at a distance, will for
 a moment, hesitate to receive  my  statements as true.*  But these
 Pages are destined, as  I hope, to be read by Men, living far beyond
 the  narrow limits of my personal Acquaintance,—by Men  who, for
 the  first time perhaps,  shall  know  that the writer  exists :—to  such
 Readers the following Remarks, as far as to  the letter (D), are ad-
 dressed.

  •Great pains has been taken to make the account exactly correct, even  in
 relation to the minutest points.   But it is not impossible  that, in one or two
 instances, some very trifling mistake may  have been made.  I do now firmly
 believe, that not a syllable can be found,  which does  not convey the plain Truth,
 as it would  appear to a disinterested  Reader, who had access to all the Facts.
 If one single instance can be found, in which I have mis-stated any fact, howev-
 er slight the error,  I now pledge myself to correct it publickly; and for every one
 instance, in which it shall be made to appear that I  have over-drawn the dark
Shades in Dr. W.'s Character, in any degree,—I pledge myself to  show more
than one instance,  in which I have  spared him, and have not given to those
Shades so deep a colouring as they deserve. 
60                   CONCLUDING REMARKS.            [PART III.
    (C) I  am aware  that the Facts, as  developed in the foregoing
  Review, may appear almost incredible.  When two men differ, toto
  caelo,  in  their Accounts of the  same Transaction, there  must be
  mis-statements somewhere :—And, if the circumstances of the case
  are  such, that mis-statements cannot be mis-takes merely,  there
  must be Falsehood  somewhere.   It is  rare  that  we find  a man, at
  once wicked and fool-hardy enough to invent and to publish a  com-
  plete fabrication :—And it is to  be hoped  that  few Medical Stu-
  dents can  be found, whose attachment to a Party,  to a School, or to
  a Teacher, is so strong as to overleap the everlasting  Barriers  be-
  tween Truth and Falsehood, and impel to the perpetration of a Crime,
  the very Name of which  carries with it Terror, except to the aban-
  doned.  We do  generally find, even on  the side of him  who mis-
  represents the  Facts in a given  case,  some Truth—something, to
  which a false Colouring may be given ;—and it would not be strange,
  if  some Readers should, for a while resist Conviction, on the ground
  of an Improbability, inherent in the very nature of the case.   Of  all
  Readers, he is the one to  whom I would  most cheerfully submit the
  Review, who sets out with the belie.f that there must be some Truth
  in  Dr.  W.'s Statements,  some Ground for his Charges, and  some
  Foundation for his Defence.   Should such an one read the  Review
  once and still resist conviction, on the ground that no men would dare
  (even if not restrained by Moral Principle,) to come before the Pub-
 lick, as Dr. W. and  his Pupil have done, to invent,  to swear to, and
 to  promulgate such a catalogue of wicked, silly Lies—still, of all
 Readers, he is the one to whom I would appeal.   The Evidence is
 plenary ;  and, on a careful re-examination, Conviction, clear as the
 noon-day Sun, and fixed as the everlasting Hills, must be the conse-
 quence.

  (D) Dr. Cote  is willing to believe that Mr. Orms misunderstood
 his English.   I once had no doubt that he did ; and, when about  to
 put this Review ,, ih,  Press, I was anxious  to set fairly before the
 Publick all the circumstances, which I then  supposed had  led Mr.
 Orms to misunderstand Mr. Cote.  In the midst of my very arduous
 Labours at th,s season  I went  to  Canada for  the sole  purpose  of
  onversing with D, C te,-not doubting that, by  a free con versa-'
 tion, I should get at all the supposed Facts and be able to show the
 comparative Innocence  of Mr. Orms, instead of  exposin,  him  to
 the  Publick as a False-swearer. And it  is chiefly, because I have!
 in conversation with  several gentlemen, some of  whom live  at  a
distance, explained, what I had reason to suppose might  have  been
a 
PART III.]
APPENDIX.
51
said by Mr. C6te and  wu\?-understood by  Mr. Orms,—and because
such gentlemen may not now be able to retrace the  dividing line,
between what I then represented as Facts—absolute and known to
be, and the supposed Facts,—that I  now add the following Statement
of my previous Opinion and the Reasons why I am forced to aban-
don it.
   (E)  I supposed  that Mr.  Orms  misunderstood the word Canada
for Castleton. [See page 33, D.]   I knew that Mr. Cote could  not
have said Castleton,  from  the very circumstances of the case, as
then known.  But I had then read neither the Letter nor the Affida-
vit, with that critical attention, which  such strange productions  de-
mand ; nor did I then know that Mr. Cote's letter was  not sent till
the 8th.   Indeed—I  then was deceived  by Dr.  Woodward's story
about the second ' letter signed Cyrus Caut again.'  I then supposed
that Mr. Cote had written a second letter,—and supposing this, and at
the same  time knowing that Mr. Orms' thoughts  were bent on Cas-
tleton, I supposed  he might have misunderstood Mr. Cote, to  say
' Castleton.'   Had I  then  reflected on the Fact, disclosed by Mr.
 Cote in 1831, viz. that he told Mr.  Orms the whole story of the Ob-
 jection to the Tickets, and  of Our having  written to Dr.  Holmes,
 and of their Determination  to remain here till  an  Answer was re-
 ceived from Canada—I should have seen that the supposed mis-take
 could not have happened.  Now  that all the Facts are known, I  can
 see no reason whatever, for supposing that  Mr. Orms' Statement, in
 this particular, is any thing else than a wilful Falsehood, invented in
 1833.
   (F) I knew that the Fees of the Academy were then higher than
 the Fees of the Medical College : and I thought it very probable that,
 when Mr. Cote found Mr.  Orms continued to  importune  him, he
 might have said—but we shall save----dollars,* by remaining here ;
 (or something to that effect) *.nd that Mr. Orms, being on the lookout
 for an under-bid and being instructed to meet our Terms ' promptly
 and without hesitation,' mis-took  that statement for a Declaration,
 on the part of Mr. Cote, that We had reduced our Fees in that case.
   (G)  I knew Mr.  Cote to be a  courteous Man, and supposed he
 might, in  the first conversation  with Mr. Orms, have said, that he
 should be very happy  to go  to Castleton, &x. if We  did not receive
 the Montreal Tickets, and that Mr.  Orms had magnified this  into
 repeated expressions of a Wish to  attend Lectures at the Academy,
 &c.  [See p.3.3. (E)].
   * The difference between the charges here and at the Academy, as stated in
 the Circulars, was five dollars, if I recollect aright.—It might have been a little
 more perhaps, but I think not. 
52                 concluding remarks.            [fart III.
      (H) But all this  time, while I was  indulging these Suppositions,
   it was never suspected that Mr. Orms was sent off, the moment Mr.
   Cote's letter of inquiry reached Castleton ;—nor did I know that, at
   the first Interview, Mr. Orms gave them this ' necessary information,'
   viz. that he was authorised to say, some  deduction should be made.
   Mr.  Cote assured me, when I last saw him, that not one word was
   said of the Terms of Admittance into the  Academy.—They were not
   in need of Funds,—they knew the professed Terms  of Admittance
   at the Academy ;—the offering of Credit, was to  them,  something
   new ;  they looked upon it as improper and as a suspicious circum-
   stance against the Standing of that School ;*  and, as to Under-bid-
   ding, it was a thing  unheard  of and  unthought of,  till Mr. Orms,
   proposed it.   I am now  sure that Mr.  Orms  understood no such
   thing—and that his whole Story  of the Conversation  with Mr. Cote
   is a deliberate Lie, invented in 1833.
     (I)  Dr. Cartier came to Town a few weeks ago.  He had never
   seen  my Appeal, nor Dr. W.'s Letter, nor did he know of their
   Existence.   He could not, of course,  be  influenced by Passion, as
   some, not knowing the Man, may suspect Dr.  Cote  to have been,
   after the brutal Treatment received from Dr.  W. ;—and the  Testi-
   mony of Dr.  Cartier, under those circumstances, sweeps clean away,
   all Ground for Hope that Mr. Orms was led  into mistake by any
   thing which  Mr. Cote said.t
     (K)  Mr. Orms' Affidavit is itself now fairly before the Publick,—
  he cannot recall it; and, when taken in connexion with the Records
  of the Post-Office, it is itself, a felo de se.
    No !-Mr.  Cote did not trifle with Mr. Orms, nor did Mr.  Orms
  Mis-understand at all.   His misstatements  are something worse than
  n»S-takes and J leave him  to  make  the best of his way out of th
  foolish .d awfully wicked predicament in  which he


 § wo^^z^rmm  m the two  parts °f dr-

 An^tlment^tL0^ ?'  ^ ^ ' CaMot  but be filIed with
 Amazement at the combination of Wickedness  and Folly therein
 presented.  It iS astonisning that he had  ^ ^^ J**™

  • This Mr. Cote said to me the first time I saw him in 1831.
  t tie Affidavits of Dr. Allard anH Tir  r„,-
 would have been published had Tnli,  ?   ' ^ "°W m my Possessio" «d
ahem.         Pu^hed had I not Evidence, enough, and to spare, without 
PRAT III.]
APPENDIX.
53
 that he should have closed with the expression—' evil-minded nincom-
 poop.'
   (B)  On re-perusing the Letter, it will  be seen that all that Part
 which precedes the elegant expression just quoted, forms one Whole;
 while all that Part which follows, forms another and a very different
 Whole.
   In the First Part he openly avows his  Adherence to the Agent-
 sending System ; and, conscious that Publick Sentiment would never
 sustain him in his Alliance with this Courtezan—this « Old Whore
 of Babylon,'—he tricks out her Bridal Dress with a few Flowers of
 Rhetorick, hoping thereby to  conceal the Stain on her Garment;  and
 paints over  her sin-revealing, bloated Features, as if Houge could be
 mistaken for the Bloom of Innocence and Health.  It is in the First
 Part of the Letter, that he attempts to ' throw dust in the eyes'  of the
 Publick, by talking about the necessity of Agent-sending, to the Inter-
 ests of Medical Students, Slc.  But let it be noticed, that he lays
 much Stress upon his'own Activity, in behalf of  the Institution with
 which he is connected.  He plumes himself upon  his  Success,  and
 affects a Sneer at the University, because its Faculty does not follow
 his Example.  In all this First Part, his  Falsehoods  (of which we
 find, standing out in bold relief, no less than six)  are confined  to the
 Med. Coll.  and to myself.
   (C) But in the  Second Part of the Letter, we  have an attempt at
 a Defence for Agent-sending and its two great objects—Under-bid-
 ding and Defamation.   In the Second Part, he assumes that Agent-
 sending, in fhat case, was justifiable only  on  the ground that ' the
 necessary information' could not safely be trusted to  the mail,  and
 that Under-bidding, in him, was justifiable  only as a Means of  coun-
 teracting its Influence on Our part.
   (D) After having laboured  so hard (and so successfully ?) to justi-
 fy Agent-sending, on the broad  Ground of the Pupil's Welfare,  and
 after having exulted in his own Success in that business, and sneered
 at Us, for choosing to lecture ' to a pretty  little class of 15,' rather
 than stoop to such < despicable Business'—how happened it that  he
 so soon forgot  all this,  and  took the very opposite Ground ?  It is
 certain that he considered it a Cardinal Point,  to  make out some
 sort of a defence for doing, in a particular case, that which he had so
much extolled as a General  Rule of Practice.—So  anxious was he
 to conceal the Truth, and to  involve Us in Guilt, that he delivered
 Facts by the whole-sale, without stopping  to see whether they were
possible or not.   As old Crow, in his Bear-Story, chased Bruin  into 
   54                  CONCLl'DINO REMARKS.            [PART III.

   a deep Snow bank, one hot day, when he was mowing in the Orchard: -
   so Dr. W. in the month of August 1831, chased a Suspicion against
   Cyrus Caut and the University, quite across one Year, and into bleak
   November of the next.
     And here his Falsehoods  are not confined to the Med. Coll., nor
   to any one of its Officers ; but are plied with redoubled Fury, against
   two  Young  Gentlemen, who had both been beset by his Entreaties,
   and who both had Independence enough to choose for themselves.
     (E) Is it not  strange, I say,  that he had not Cunning enough to
   close his Letter with the First Part. Had he left off there, he would
   have fairly exhibited his Taste and his Style of Wiiting :—he would
   have shown  a certain  sort of Frankness in avowing his Adherence
   to Agent-sending and  a  certain sort of Independence in adhering to
  that profitable System, regardless  of my Opinions.   He would have
  come off with what some might have thought to be a few good Hits
  against me :  he would have told but a single half-dozen black lies,—
  the white ones would hardly have been noticed, and the black ones,
  being all directed against me and the Medical College,  would have'
  been  excused in  him, as  essential to  Success in  the Agent-sending
  System.  Had he closed with the First  Part, he would have been
  unconvicted of any gross  Inconsistency, and might have practiced his
  Arts with  his accustomed Success, except  so far as the Rejection
  Story is concerned.  Had he not attempted  a Defence, he might now
  have needed one less—Had he been content to be known as Calum-
  niator of Us merely, he would have  closed  his  Letter with  the
  words a ready quoted :  And he would not now  have  stalked before
  he Publlck   th I)isNakedness hid  by a Garmentj of
  Warp  was threaded by  Malice infernal, while blear-eyed  Folly filled
  n the  Woof,-and which he wears about, full oh Jed with  Pe tt
  ence to poison the Atmosphere in which  he moves :-nor should I
 W been caleI to the  disgusting Task of superintendingLata
 retto, in which this Publick Nuisance is now to undergo *££Z.

 2 the R™™;i^EASONS ™ " «- Appeal
 tube Operation!         A™°<™ement oe the Plan eor Fu-


 vie(w it ^::^H^r:L70lyrvn publisi,ing this Re-
 eation  <frc."] and  I hZT^^       State °f Medical  Edu-
Hostilityt again^ ^ ^ ^^ ™°» * *«»«'
** *-" of my  Sincerity :^Z now ^Zl^X 
PART  III.]
APPENDIX.
55
 whether the Rejection Story and its fellows, excited my Anger or my
 Pity.
   (B) My Object in publishing the Article of the 28th Dec. 1832,
 was two-fold, viz., to defend my own Reputation as an Officer of the
 University, and to bring out Dr. Woodward fairly before the Publick,
 if possible.  I consider that Article as sufficient to repel his Charges
 against the University, and to fix upon him that very Crime of which
 he accused Us.   So far its Intent was satisfactorily accomplished ;
 and  no one can doubt that it was  successful  in bringing  him fairly
 before the Publick.
   (C)  His Letter to Prof. Lincoln was delayed nearly three months;
 and, although, in the last paragraph, he would try to make us believe
 that he had forgotten both me  and my Communication, in  the hurry   ,
 of Business,—yet the Date of  Mr. Orms' Affidavit and some other
 Facts, well known to several gentlemen in different  parts of the State,
 show incontestibly that the Business, which hurried  him, was, in part,
 the Writing of that  very Letter.   From the  manner  in which  it is
 written, few Readers would see, on the first perusal, how much Art
 there is in it, and  how little Art.  It is manifestly the  work of Time,
 and had I done nothing more than bring out that Document, for the
 Profession to  read and to think upon, I  should  have done much
 towards correcting the Evils complained of.
  (D) But it was my expectation that, if he answered  my Appeal at all,
 he would afford me an opportunity to lay before the  Profession all the
 Facts, which I deemed it important should be known, in order to give
 Effect to a Series of Papers which I proposed  to publish, of which
 the Hints &c. forms the first  Number, and of which  it will supply
 all the  Texts.    He has more than fulfilled my Expectations ;  and
 the Review  has  been written as a  necessary Supplement to the
 Appeal and  the  Letter.
  (E) This is the plan for future Operations on my part.   Had  Dr.
 Woodward known all this  before, would he  have ventured the Let-
ter ?   Do we not see an  over-ruling Hand in all this ?   I see by
 the Doctor's  Figures, that he  is a lover of  field-sports.  His ' trap-
ping musquetoes,' picking his flint, fishing in Lake  Memphremagog,
 &c.  &c. all show him to be a Sportsman.  I once  had Taste  for
those Sports myself; but  something ha<, in a  great measure, eradi-
cated that natural Ferocity of  Disposition, which  now seems to me
necessary to a Sportsman.  Still  I relish  his  Figures,—they carry
me back to Scenes of Boyhood and Youth, when the Forest lay on
one side and the Ocean on the other.  My early life and  the events
       10 
56                  concluding remarks.             [part III.
   of Manhood have made Ocean  Scenery as dear to me as the Forest,
   the Meadow, the Lake and the Rivulet.   And I have ventured to
   draw one Figure, which to me seems apt  and forcible, from a Scene
   on the Ocean,—the great High-way of  Nations.  In the language of
   an old Ballad—

             ' I've sailed East and sailed West,
             ' And sailed near some Pirate shore,'

   and the Doctor must  allow me to  call in the aid of my favourite
   Figure once more.   He stood on Deck, the very Kidd of the Band.
   At his command, the Anchor was weighed,—all sail set, —the  false
   Flag run up and the Black Ship bore away for a defenceless Trader
   in the Offing.   The  wind was free,-the  Ship was Staunch—her
   Commander, weather-beaten in  the Service, and her Crew all Obe-
  dience.   But  the Trader was not overtaken—for on board the Pi-
  rate-Ship «the Hand that steered was not of this World.'

  § 31. An Apology for  Reviewing so great a portion  of  Dr.
    Woodward's Letter.

    (A) It will be seen that I have reviewed nearly the whole of the
  Letter, which  would not have been at all necessary,—if all that was
  required  had been to show that < Dr. W.'s Defence rests solely  on
  wilful  Falsehoods.'  Had that been the  only Object, it would have
  been sufficient to have brought forth the Records of the Post-Office
  in this Town, which prove that Mr. Cote's letter of inquirv reached
 on'th   ,o,r  ;       1g °f thG 8th-  Mr" °,ms swears he  ^s here
 on the  10th and even  ,f we did not know that he came on  the 9th
  he entire Falsehood of D, W.'s whole Story  would be j st aset
 dent as it now is.  Burlington ,s 60 miles from Castleton ad  v  have


 [Doc No  II \(A\7f '7:^ thG N°td from E" Mill. Esquire,
 Front' WallVt;/dIL//' *j£  T, ^ ^ *"* " *«
   •  1             science,  and tie who, trusting m thit n„r
 cued out—'I ask not th* P„kr 7 r    ,  ,      g    "at defence,
 have hurried oJ ofTs  Lf ! 't a  T ^^'~^■>" »»»
 whither could he flee for „  ,-    u   f""'""1 a"d Dismay-  But
to hi, Refuge aaa,„  t r      Tp *" ?  N°Wl,Cre !  N°wl">«> *"
co„cea.his Far^r;ar;,c    eatif possibie' a"d if •""' to
been my Aim ,J sweep awa/h^Refu" 7,™ *° "^   " h"
• .kulking Fugitive from 7.Z    r.      g6 °f L'es ' in  whic" ««
       B    g.t.ve Iron, hts own  Conscience' had taken Shelter :_ 
 PART III.]                  APPENDIX.                        57

 not to make a Breach in it merely,—he left Breaches enough when
 he built it—but to grind every Mud-ball to powder—to be scattered
 and blown clean away, that not a Vestige may remain.
   (B) 13ut I have  now done  with  him.   What he will  do next it ia
 impossible to  guess.   He  may, perhaps, have Cunning enough to
 keep  Silence ; or he may take pains to find out some weak point in
 the writer and attack there.  To me, it is  of no  consequence what
 he does.   I have no Question at  issue with him,—my only Aim is to-
 awake the Attention of the Profession to the Abuses now practiced
 in the management of  Medical Schools.   I have proved that, in one
 instance, these Abuses are  real,  but I do  not mean to be  understood
 that this is the only instance.   I  shall not, in any of my future Publi-
 cations, allude to any thing said or done by Dr. Woodward, after the
 issuing of these pages from the press.   I know his accusation against
 Us to be utterly false, and I know that the Evidence  offered is suffi-
 cient  to convict  him, in ihe Judgment of every Man, who seeks for
 Truth only.   I have done my  Duty to the Profession and my Time
 is too valuable to  be spent in ferreting out other Deeds of Darkness
 perpetrated by him.  If, therefore, he will try to re-build a  Defence—
 if he  will  invent new  Falsehoods and get another ' Affidavit-maker'
 to swear for. him,  and thus if he  hide himself and any be deceived,
 it will be their own fault; they must not look to me for a Contradiction
 of anything he may say in  Future.
   §  32.   A  few  Words to  Dr. Woodward himself.

   (A) In the Editorial  Notice of the re-publication  of Dr. W.'s
 Letter in  the  Burlington  Sentinel, I  said I should never  consent to
 correspond with him.   This I  said  because it then  seemed to  me
 unbecoming, to address a man whom I knew to be a base Calumni-
 ator, and who had  shown himself ill-bred, in his language.  I enter-
 tain the same opinion now ; but, nevertheless,  I think it  my duty to
 address him, personally, on one or two points.  The following as far
 as to § 33, is therefore addressed to Dr. Woodward himself.
   (B) If  you  have done me the honour  to read this Pamphlet, you
 will have seen that I have spoken of you, with perfect Freedom and
 always,  I  hope you will  see,  with perfect Truth and Fairness.  I
 have,  in a few cases, tried my hand at a figurative Style,  in  humble
 imitation of your own.  But I trust I  have not made my meaning
obscure  by my Figures, nor failed  in giving to what is  written,  that
degree of sprightliness, which the modern  style of writing has render-
ed necessary.  You cannot lament more deeply than  I  do, the Fact 
58
CONCLUDING REMARKS.
[rART  III.
 that  the  Publick Taste  has  been perverted, within the last  half
 Century  by a bad Style of writing.   It is now next to impossible  to
 rouse men's attention even to the most  important Truths  and  to
 Truths affecting their immediate  and their future well-fare, without
 calling in the aid of a certain flippancy of Style.   In  the Hints you
 will find  less of this fault than in  the Review, and I  trust you  will
 see a reason why I departed in any instance from the plain yea yea—
 nay nay.
   (C)  I  have made use of some strong expressions, and here again
 I beg of you to observe that my object is  to rouse attention.   You
 will agree with me in the  opinion that it is high time the attention of
 the Publick was roused  and  fixed upon certain  ' underhanded  and
 dishonourable means' resorted to by certain Schools in New-England
 'to obtain Students.'   You and I differ, to  be sure, in the men,  but
 not in the Principle.   You say the Faculty of the Medical College
 are guilty of this  Abuse—but J say the Dean of the  Faculty in the
 Vt. Acad, of Med. is the  only Man in Vermont who, to my know-
 ledge, practices Under-bidding.  But  waving, for  the present, all  dif-
 ferences as to the Men, since we both agree that Uuder-bidding &c. is
 underhanded, dishonourable, despicable Business, we cannot  differ
 as to the propriety of calling  the  Attention of the Publick  to  the
 Evils, and allowing them to decide as to who are guilty,  and what is
 the proper  way  of effecting Reform.   No  one knows  better than
 yourself that the writer is a humble  Individual,  and  one  in  whose
 concerns the  Publick feel no especial Interest.  But for his ' connex-
 ion with a Publick Seminary of Learning, the Reputation and con-
 sequent Usefulness of which depend mainly on the Character of its
 Officers,'  it would be idle  to hope for a  hearing.  And  even with this
 advantage on his side,  he  could not safely trust to a plain  unimpas-
 s.oned style  of  Tnitl.-telling-i„ an attempt  to  rouse attention to
 Abuses which have beer, winked at, till the Publick' eyelids, will  no
 evpf 7"^   Y°U,SaVV thC imp°rtance of usi»S St™"g Expressions,
 even though a gentleman so well known to the Publick and roving
 at liberty every where, but  in the Paths of Truth and Honour.   And
 you will, I trust,  find a  ready apology for any expressions I mav have
 useeh  however strong, provided always they are  less strong than true
 Prontor  U  L™";vh;ch  ?ou «™  ™  the  honour to address to
~~vouT 7/      certain expressions'of  which  1  *iU —
«peak to you and I trust you will believe that in all  [ say  to you I shall

is Zt'J?Vnd eqrlly vvjthin the limks of—T-
all I have  said of you.   If, by chance, any expressions of mine have 
PART  III.]                  APPENDIX.                       69

ruffled your  Temper, I beg of you  to defer  the reading of the fol-
lowing, till you have re-perused all that precedes and have regained
your accustomed Serenity.  Else the end in view,  in addressing you
personally, will be sure to fail of being accomplished.
  (E) And First—in relation to your Strictures on a private letter,
which I had the honour to address to you on the 15th of Dec. 1832,
I would offer the  following, viz., you  complain of the  style of that
letter  or  rather of the matter.  You would have had me state what
I called the facts and call upon you to avow or disavow  them.   I, at
the same time, assuring  you that, unless a satisfactory  explanation
should be made, the statement  would be made publick.  And you
say that if I had done so, that letter would  probably have received
an Answer.   Now let me ask you sir, what sort of  an  answer you
think  would have  been returned to such a letter ?  Suppose 1 had
not intimated that your letter to Cyrus Caut, of the  11 th A ugust 1831,
was then  in my  hands ;—suppose I had said  nothing about the Evi-
dence which I  had that you did send an Agent into this College to
try to entice students away, who came here of their own free choice,
and who, from their desire to receive  Instruction here, were  then
waiting, in anxious suspense, for an Answer—by  bragging and bri-
bery  ; and that you did accuse Us at Middletown, in the presence of a
dozen persons, three of whom at least were  Medical Gentlemen :—
 suppose  I had concealed all this  Evidence and had merely said that I
 had heard it reported so and so—and, in a very polite and condescen-
 ding  manner,  inquired of you  whether you ever did try to entice
 away these young men, by such dishonourable  means, and  whether
 you ever did accuse Us of such  a Trick,  What sort  of an Answer
 do you now think you would  then have returned ?   Would you have
 acknowledged all you have now acknowledged ?  And would you have
 told  me the story about Cyrus Caut and  Cyril Cote ?  Would you
 have  pretended that  Mr.  Cote  accused Us of under-bidding ?   Ah
 Doctor!  I think you would have found some other ground to stand
 upon.  And yet if the  ground you  took on the 19th of March 1833
 was  true ground, it must have  been true on the  15th Nov.  1832—
 for the whole was a past transaction, your Suspicions had been ex-
 cited and your Agent had returned empty, long before that time,—
 and  yet   Cyril Cote you  had not heard of,—nor  had  you and Mr.
 Orms talked over the  matter and agreed upon what you were to say
 and  he was to swear to. Let me now tell you Sir that  I was advised
 to write  you just such a letter as you say you would have answered ;
 and  the adviser gave his  reason—it was  this, ' perhaps Dr.  W. will 
60                   CONCLUDING REMARKS.            [PART III.
 deny the whole and swear he never wrote a letter to Mr. Cote, &c.'
 I was advised by more than one person to write such a letter.   One
 said < wait till you get all the Documents  in your hands and then drop
 him a letter' &.c. &c sketching just exactly such a letter as you have
 sketched.   And moreovei Sir, let me  tell you that, before I revealed
 my purposes to any man, I was advised  thus to throw  a stumbling-
 block in your way, by one whose advice 1 always  distrust.  Do you
 know whom I mean?  I mean Him whom  men call the Devil, and
 whose advice I caution you ever to  distrust, for he is a most treach-
 erous rascal, even to  his friends.  Yes  Sir, I assure you, solemnly,
 and on the word of  a gentleman, that before my purposes were re-
 vealed to any one, the thought passed  through  my  mind, to write  as
 you now say you would  have had me write, for the purpose of lead-
 ing you into a pit—of throwing a stumbling-block in your way, which
 I knew would cause  you to fall.  But that thought was repelled  at
 once.   I then made up my mind to write  such a letter as should, if
 possible, impress you  with the  idea that I knew all  about the matter
 and was resolved to proceed, merely giving you notice of what was
 about to be done.  And  when Conscience had once determined what
 Bort of a letter ought  to be  written, the  advice of other men, who
 would have been delighted to see you caught telling a foolish lie, had
 no weight  with me.  I never expected you to answer it.   I  assumed
 a tone of authority and confidence, for  the very purpose of saving
 you, if possible, from moral suicide.   That letter  Sir, was dictated
 by Conscience, against the suggestions of  the Devil, and happy would
 it have been for you, had you not then held the writer  in  such low
 esteem.
   Would you not have secretly laughed  at me had I written such a
 letter as you now say you would have answered ?  Instead of making
 a  breach of Politeness, when I wrote that letter Sir—you may rely
 upon it, it  was dictated by  Conscience  and was penned with  as much
 of the true gentleman a3 I  know how to command.  I  beg of you
 to look back to that time and think what would have been your opin-
 ion of the  writer  of such a  letter  as you have sketched, under the
 then-existing circumstances ; and what sort of  a Reply  you would
 have made.   Look at your published Letter to Prof. Lincoln, as you
 would  look  upon  such a production,  had it issued from  any other
 source ; and then apply your own energetick language to the writer
 of that Letter.  < No  paroxysm  of rage into which you  could  have
' been thrown by  the Stories of  your Affidavit-maker' &c. &c.
  (F) In the second place I will notice the Estimation, in which you 
PART III.]                  APPENDIX.                        61

pretend to hold the writer of the Appeal to the  Publick  &c.   And
here I  am aware that I am touching a delicate subject.   But I intend
to be free with you,  and  not to let a false delicacy stand in the way
of giving you a hint, which may be of use to you in future.  I would
advise you not to rely too much on your own strength nor on my im-
becility ;  for you  must bear in mind, that one element in the  Moral
Government of this world is,—the weak shall confound the strong—
that is, as I understand it, the  weak, shall be  strong in Truth, the
strong, weak in Falsehood.  And no one  knows better than yourself
where lies all the Truth, and where lies all the Falsehood.   As to
 my Appeal, of which you speak  so slightly, I never thought much of
 it,-not half so much as you do,  after all.   It was never intended to
 be a great  production.   In short  I do not aim at any thing great.  All
 I expect to do is to  defend myself and to wake up stronger Men to
 carry  on the War against you and all the Agent-senders in the Coun-
 try    That, was  my " first  effort" as you say truly,-this  is- my
 second, and the third will be  forth-coming, before you will be ready
 to read it, if you attempt to find time to  reply to this.   I hope you
 will  not attempt  a  Reply.  It can do you no good-it can do the
 cause of Medical Education  no  good, and it can do no harm to me,
 nor to the Medical College.    Be persuaded  then  to  receive  my
  Advice in this case. Despise not a humble Individual, whose powers
 of mind are inferior to  your own, so long as  he has  Conscience for
  his  Shield, and  the < arrow'  of Truth for his Weapon.   Let your
  « Refuge'  be blown away, and attempt not to  re-build it.  The time
  is fast  coining when the frosts of Age shall be upon you ; and can
  you permit your  head to grow white in the service of Agent-sending?
  From the elevated  station you now hold, look abroad on  the  Profes-
  sion  and  see the effects of your Influence!   Look at those young
  men,  whose Fidelity to  you  has  been  to them,  Treachery   to their
  own  Souls !  Wake up  that slumbering  Conscience and  retire to
  private walks, that you may  listen to its  friendly warnings   Cast off
  all  Allegiance to Agent-sending :-Cease to  do  evil  and  earn to
  do well, that at last, you may be able to  say with sincenty-I wi 1 do
  nothing which everv Honourable man shall not approve.  Resist no
   the admonition  of Friends.   Of Enemies, you can have none..  lha
  Publick, whose decision you proclaimed yourself willing to  abide, at
  the moment when  you entered your < Refuge,' will now temper their
   Decision  with Sympathy, although you  ask not for ,t.   r.ie Day ot
  your Rejoicing  is  over, and it  is time you' thought on the morrow
  Your Wanderings from the Path of Rectitude have at length brought 
62                   CONCLUDING REMARKS.            [PART III.
  you fearfully near to  the Brink of that fatal Precipice, down which
  you cannot even look and live !  Pause,  I beseech you, in your mad
  career :—Look forward, to the Gulf which lies below :—Look about,
  on  the Wilderness which surrounds you.   The Dews of Heaven fall
  not there,—how can it be else than a Desart !—See Manly  Princi-
  ples,—drooping,  withered, dying, dead !   Look back, on  the  Path
  your feet have trod,—and, taking in your arms the unfortunate Vic-
  tim of your  training, look upwards,—for  the only Escape  that  is
  left for you.    The Silence which  reigns in  that Desart, is  not the
  Quiet of a Mind  at ease,—it  is the awful Stillness of  a slumbering
  Conscience.  But that Conscience is not dead—it only Sleeps: and
  if it wake not till  the  hour of your  last Sleep draws nigh, the last
  Sound  it shall utter in your Ears, shall be woe—woe !
   § 33. Agent-sending not  necessary, but is itself an Abuse.

   (A)  Dr. Woodward pretends to  feel justified in Agent-sending on
 the  ground  that, without such  activity  on  his part,  in disseminating
 the  ' necessary information,'  other (little puny!) Institutions would
 impose upon the young men &c.   We have seen  enough  of the
 Doctor's  Style to know how to make allowances for him—and we
 have seen enough  of the man  also, to be able to see just how far he
 believed what he said, and at what rate he estimates the  Understand-
 ings of others.  I make the above quotation for the purpose of cal-
 ling the Reader's attention to the  following question,  viz.   Is the
 sending of Secret  Agents necessary ? Do the Interests of Med. Edu-
 cation require their Services ?

   (B)   The sending of Secret Confidential Agents into the Country
 round about, to look up Medical Students and to negotiate bargains
 with them is unnecessary. If it be necessary in order to sustain certain
 Schools in existence, all such schools might be closed,  without detri-
 ment to the Country.  The Interests of Science do. not  demand the
 Services of Secret Agents.    All  ' necessary information'  can be
 communicated by letter.  .In this opinion Dr. W. will agree with me—
 for, according to his  account, he did not at first, think of sending an
 Agent to Burlington—No—he  pretends to have thought a letter suffi-
 cient to answer plain questions, which  a letter was sufficient to pro-
 pose, and he would have us believe that the sending an Agent was a
 last  resort—the only means  left, by which he  could give, to  these
 Canadian gentlemen, the information sought.   And has  it come to
this?' Is the thirst for Gain so fierce  and so  unquenchable  in the 
PART III.]                   APPENDIX.                         63

Officers of our  Medical  Schools, that the Mail is  no longer a safe
conveyance for letters, giving ' necessary information'  to  Medical
Students ?   If so, then surely I have not  come  too soon before the
Publick, to warn them of the fact that  unprincipled men are holding
offices of Sacred Trust.  Dr. Woodward can never recall  his words—
they have gone  forth, not  as the  mere ebullition of  passion, nor as
the indecency of an ill-bred man  :—he has spoken to the World !—
He has spoken  after  three month's  deliberation, and has added the
sanction of an Oath  to what he has said  !—He is  not to be viewed
as a private Citizen  merely, but as the executive head of a Publick
Seminary of Learning.   And what  is  now the Duty of those Gen-
tlemen who elevated him  to that Office ?   Can it be possible that,
when  the  Legislature granted a Charter to the  Academy, it was
contemplated that Offices, created under that Charter, should be filled
by such  men ?
   (C) The sending  of Secret  Agents is an Abuse,  or at least, it
affords the means of  practicing the  grossest Abuses, without danger
of detection.
   Is it not self-evident that, if Dr. woodward had  had  no  unworthy
 end in view, he would have answered Mr. Cote's questions  by letter,
 and  allowed him to decide for himself,—unawed by the fear that he
 was associating with Candidates for  a prison, in the Med. Fac. of the
 University,—uninfluenced by 'earnest solicitations' and untempted by
 a bribe ?
    Is it not self-evident that he prefered  to send an  Agent because
 he could not feel the pulse of his game by letter ;  while an Agent
 could first try  the effect of bragging and ' earnest  solicitations', and,
 if that would not do,  could offer ' some deduction,'—and  if  all that
 failed, he could, at the last moment, ' on the wharf, just before part-
 ing', press his solicitations a little more  warmly and bid as high as
 25  per cent.   And had  Dr. W.  adhered to his  wise resolution ' not
 to write again,' how  would it have been possible for me ever to have
 convicted him, on his own confession, of this  outrageous Abuse of
 Publick confidence  ?*   There is the point.

   * It is quite amusing to see how a man, in trying to follow out the snarles, and
 turns and tangles of a lie, will often inadvertently cut across and get hold of the
 wrong thread. Dr. W. did not receive Mr. Cote's (Caut's) letter, till the Evening
 of the 8th, and it was after this, (some time during the 'few days' between the
 evening of the 8th and the morning of the 9th) that he  was driven, by his suspi-
 cion of' something wrong'  at Burlington,  to his very prudent resolution not to
 write again.   Strange that one so skilled, should have so  soon forgotten the ex-
         11 
64
CONCLUDING REMARKS.
[part III.
  Section  IX. Remarks on the Evils, inherent in the Agent-sending
System ^intended as a Supplement to '  Hints on the Present State of
Medical Education, &x.'

§ 31.  Defamation  an  Essential  Element in the Agent-send-
  ing  System.

  (A)  Among the crimes  against Good  Morals and  the Cause  of
Education of which Dr.  Woodward stands convicted, I regard the two
followingas especially worthy the serious attention of the Publick, viz.
First.  His habit of defaming the Characters  of Gentlemen engaged
as Teachers in other Schools, for the  purpose of exciting the  preju-
dices of Students against them and thus filling his  own seats  ; and,
Second,—his habit of defaming and persecuting young  men, who do
not think it for their Interest to resort to the Academy for Instruction.
  (B)   First.  That Defaming the Characters of Teachers  in other
Schools is  an  essential ingredient  in the  Agent-sending  System,
is  manifest to  all  who  have turned their  attention to  this subject
and  have watched  the course of Medical Schools in  N. Eng.  for
the last ten years.   I have not given all the evidence  in my pos-

pressions of surprise  contained in Cyrus Caut's second letter and  forgotten his
own resolution!  In full view of all the facts—knowing as he did, that  the letter
of inquiry was a week out of time—that his  answer, which was ' immediately
put into the hands of the Post-Master'—had  not been received  at the expira-
tion of 'a few days'—that Mr. Caut was still ' at Burlington' and had  narrowly
watched for the expected answer till, out of all patience, he wrote  again, express.
ing much surprise and requesting an  immediate answer—in view of all these
Facts, how could he so soon  forget his Suspicions and break over his Resolu-
tion ?—On the llth he wrote again—and  told Mr. Caut he would abide  67 the
proposal of Mr. Orms.   How could this have happened?   Should the Reader
be as much at loss as the Writer was at first, to solve this Enigma, he will thank
me  for the result of my own investigations—which  are as follows.—To  men
whose Understandings can grapple with nothing,  which is presentable neither in
Time nor in Space, the Solution is impossible, except on the Ground that the
very favourable report carried  to Court by the Minister, dispelled the cloud of
Suspicions and led the Doctor to acquit Us of all designs upon the Mail.   Lull-
ed into a false security, he then wrote again—and just once too often. Ne crede
colori Doctor—that letter of the llth was the Traitor after all!  Little did he
think that this letter, communicating ' the necessary information' tha't the  Treaty
was Ratified on his part, was destined to be the only one of all ' his letters' inter.
cepted by Us.  Alas for the Doctor !  that mysfeiious Prime—that  Unity, dual-
ized—that fatal number Eleven!  On  the llth of August, the  Doctor pledged
himself to discount $11 apiece !!  Had he bid as high as $12, or stopped at  $10,
or taken any, but this mysterious prime number  11,—the charm might perhaps
have been broken. 
PART III.]                   APPENDIX.                         65
                                                    v
session, that Defamation is one of the means, regularly employed by
Dr. W.  One fact,  not before given, is now presented.   When Mr.
Orms made his inquiry of Mr. Cote, whether we had intercepted the
letter,—he remarked  that he did not know but that one of the Pro-
fessors  might have  walked to the Office  with  Mr. Cote  and might
have slipped  the letter aside and let it fall-en the ground.—If this has
been the case (continued  Mr. Orms)  Dr. Woodward is determined
to prosecute  them. &.c.  &c.  Hence  it seems that Mr. Cornelius
Orms,  the young man of whom Dr. W. speaks  in terms so commen-
datory, not only knew that such things had been done, (See  p.. 4, at
bottom) but he knew how such a thing might be done. What inferen-
ces the Reader may make I know not;  but I  do  hope  he will take
pains,  so far  to inform himself of all the facts,  which can bear upon
the case,  as  to  see that Dr.  Woodward  could have  entertained no
such suspicions against the Medical Faculty of the University.  I do
not  mean  that  the Reader should take pains to  satisfy himself that
such suspicions, if indulged, were unjust,—hut what i contend for is,
they were never for a  moment indulged.   I know that a man, so cor-
rupt as Dr. Woodward,is very prone to suspect corruption in others ;
and am willing to believe that, when he accused me of publishing my
Article of the 28th  Dec. 1832, for the purpose of affecting the minds
of Medical Students and drawing them to this  College, he really did
suppose, or suspect at least, that such  was my  motive.  But  his pre-
 tence  that he did not dare to trust a letter to the Mail,  lest the Mail
 should be robbed by Us, is quite too ridiculous.   It is too much like
 the meta-physical story of Cyrus Caut  and Cyril Cote.   The  very
 ground of his Suspicions he has projected without the limits of Time
 and Space and consequently beyond the scope  of most men's Under-
 standings.   Who, that is acquainted with Medical Students in   this
quarter, does not know, that among them are  some, who are not yet
sufficiently on their guard against the snares and pit-falls of this world,
to avoid falling into them, when they are set with tolerable skill ?   Is
there not, in  every Class, one or more, who would very probably have
 been influenced by  such a question as  that of Mr. Orms ?  And sup-
pose Dr. Woodward's Agent had fallen in  with  such  an one, or  a
company of  such men, and  had succeeded in imbuing their, minds
 with  the foulest suspicions against the Moral  Character of the Fac.
of the  Med.  Coll.   How long would it  have  taken him to persuade
them to go to Castleton, even without discount ?  And when they had
arrived, and were  planted  within the  immediate influence of Dr. W.
himself and his other Agents, how long would  it be, before such sus- 
C6
< 0N( U DING remarks.
[part III.
 picions would ripen to belief?   How long, before the story of  our
 having intercepted letters, or robbed the U.  S.  Mail, would  reach
 every village in Vermont.  How many stories similar to this (but not
 quite so incredible,) have gained credit extensively.
   (C)  Second. In Dr. W.'s  treatment of Dr. Matson and  Dr.  Cote,
 we  see strongly exemplified, his disposition to defame men,whose only
 Offence was that they did  not see fit to yield to his earnest solicitations
 and go to Castleton, for Instruction.  Let the Affidavit of Dr. Cote
 be critically examined, and can one single word be lound, disrespect-
 ful  to Dr. W., or which, for any reason, ought to be offensive to an up-
 right and honourable man ?  Was Dr. VV. offended because Dr. Cote
 put  his letter of the  1 lth of Aug. into  my hands for publication 1
 Surely, if Dr. W. lays any claim to consistency, he cannot find cause
 of Offence in  that ;  for he  declares,  Publickly, that  he  sends out
 Agents and Circulars and  writes letters, to give necessary information,
 and as  he pretends, all for the benefit of Medical Students, to wit, to
 prevent their being imposed upon by other Schools ; and he declares,
 in relation to the very case in hand, that Mr. Orms was sent * to give
 them the necessary information,'   Now this letter of the llth  gave
 the same information  which Mr. Orms gave and  was  intended as a
 corroborant of his statements ;—And surely Dr. W. can have no ve-
 ry serious objection to the exposure of a letter, written merely ' to give
 ' the necessary information to students, temporarily located  at a Bur-
 ' lington Hotel, seeking information in relation  to Medical  Schools.'
 He  does not object to the publicity of his Circulars, and why of his
 letters,  unless—aye ;—but we are  wandering from  the point.   To
 return.   I can find no  reason whatever, why  Dr.  W. should (on the
 supposition that his intentions were honourable) be offended at any
 thing in Dr Cote's Affidavit, how-mnch-so-ever he might be enraged
 at me, for the use I made of Dr. Cote's evidence.  And yet—see with
 what ferocity he attacks this  Gentleman.  Had Mr. Cote  accepted
 the bribe, in 1831, Dr.  Woodward  would have attacked any  other
 person with the same  weapons, to defend Dr. Cote, in 1833.
   It would throw a flood of light upon the real origin of Dr.  W.'s ca-
 lumny, could all the circumstances of the Middletown affair be made
 publick.  Could the whole be known, I doubt not it would appear that
 the immediate object of that attack was, not the Med. Fac. U.  Vt.,
 but Dr.  Matson—who was educated at the Medical College  and  who
 was  then a Physician in Middletown.
   1 cannot say that I am now absolutely sure that this was his immedi-
ate object; but I do know that Dr.  Woodward  was highly offended, 
PART III.]                    APPENDIX.                        67

because Mr. Matson chose to enter the Med. Coll., instead of entering
the Academy.   I do  know that Dr. W.  did repeatedly solicit Mr.
Matson to change his  course and to go to Castleton.  I do know that
Dr. Woodward  did invent and tell  to Mr. Matson a wilful lie, calcu-
lated seriously to injure  the Medical College, with a view to deceive
him and others and  to forestall him and get him « engaged' to attend
his next course of lectures at the  Academy.   All this has been known
since the spring  of 1831.   Mr.  Matson convicted Dr.  W.  of False-
hood, utter, wilful falsehood on the spot, by showing a letter  which he
had then just received  from me.*   From that time to this, Dr. Wood-
ward has cherished the deadliest  enmity to this most estimable man.
   Here then we see two instances of Dr. W.'s making use of the influ-
ence, which nothing but  his Office  gives  him, to injure the reputation
and contract the sphere  of usefulness of Young Men just entering on
their Professional duties : Men who never injured him, and whose only
Offence was-they prefered to seek Instruction from Teachers, who are
content to labour within  their own  proper limits,—who invite none to
resort to them for Instruction,—anxious only to do their duty fully and
impartially to all who,  of their own free  choice, become their Pupils,—
instead of choosing, as a  Teacher, a man whose great aim seems to be
to find purchasers for his tickets.

  § 35. Reduction of  Fees in favour of Indigent Students not ad-
missible, UNDER THE  EXISTING CIRCUMSTANCES OF MEDICAL SCHOOLS
in New-England ;  and Under-bidding probably a tax upon those
who pav the full price for instruction.

   (A)  I am aware that  some persons  do not see  the impropriety of

   * Dr. Woodward's attempt to induce Mr. Matson to leave the Med. Coll. in
1831, was peculiarly ungentlemanly.  He then knew that Mr. Matson had been
an Assistant in the Anatomical  Department the year before and  that 1 expected
him to come to Burlington and assist me during the Summer Months, in making
preparations for the Cabinet, and to take the place of Dissector for the Publick
Demonstrations. All this  Mr. Matson  told him and yet, under such Circumslan-
ces, he plied his entreaties with peculiar eloquence ; and but for the fact, that
Mr. Matson then had just received a letter from me, advising him-of my return
from Baltimore, and requesting him. to come and assist me, according to our pre-
vious arrangement,—though he would not have  consented to  go to Castleton
without farther  deliberation,—he certainly might have  thought it very probable
he should be obliged to go somewhere  else than  to  the Medical College, for In.
■truction ;—so ingenious and so daring was Dr. W. in the falsehood he made us«
of at that time. 
(J8                   concluding remarks.             [part III.
  receiving Medical Students at a reduced price, and even consider such
  reduction as praise-worthy.
    He must be a novice indeed,  in the Theory of Morals,  who  does
  not see  that the motive determines the quality of the act,  as  praise-
  worthy or not.   Reduction of Fees, practised with a view to  lighten
  the  burthen of an indigent Student, is one thing :—Under-bidding
  is another and a  very different thing.
    (B)  I am  not aware that, in  New-England, the Fees of Med.
  Schools are ever reduced,  except by an Under-bidder ;  and I have,
  therefore, no reason to suppose  that the experiment of admitting in-
  digent Students,  at reduced prices, and from  a benevolent motive,
  has ever been tried.  I am confident that such an experiment, if tried,
  would result in failure, for it is impossible that Teachers in Medical
  Schools, should be personally acquainted with all their Pupils;  and, if
  the ful! price were demanded of some and not demanded of others, the
  inevitable consequence would be that, some who are hardly able, would
  make the greater effort to pay the  whole,  while otheis, with perhaps
  more means,  but with less energy  and less of  honourable feeling,
  would be admitted on easier terms.  I  will not pretend to  say what
  might be the case at the School in our Metropolis, but in all  the
  Country Schools  in N. Eng., I am quite sure that, under existing cir-
  cumstances no such provision can be made.
   (C) It is  certainly desirable to reduce the expense of  Instruction
  in all branches of Knowledge, as much  as possible ; and I hope  to see
  the time, when instruction in  the Elements of Medical Science shall
  be given free of  all expense of money,  but with  a  great increase in
  the expense of Mental labour, on  the part of  the  Pupil.   On this
  subject I shall speak  in another place.
   (\)j But whatever may be the  Reader's opinion, as to the expedi-
  ency of obeying  the dictates  of feeling  and admitting, at  a  reduced
  price. Students who present themselves as indigent,—no one  can look
  upon Under-bidding, except with  disgust.
   (Lj As a  general truth, the most indigent Medical  Students are
 those who are most deficient in that preparatory  Education, without
 which, no one ought ever to attempt the Study of Medicine.   To this
 there are, I admit, exceptions and some  very striking ones ;  but still
 the position is true  for  the  most part,  and  the reason is  obvious.
.Their poverty has forced them to spend  that time in earning  their
 daily bread, which should have been devoted to Study.

  • fi KV,ith tihiS/^t ln ViGW' WeSCe h°W like a ' ^nty for superfi-
 cial Scholarship  (to use the words of the Vt. Chronicle,) Under- 
PRAT III.]                  APPENDIX.                        6^

bidding may operate.  The reputation of Schools ought to depend
solely on their merits as Fountains of Useful Knowledge.   The less
informed a young man is, the less able is he to distinguish that which
has Worth, from that which boasts of it; and the more he is oppressed
by poverty, the more easily will he  be enticed away from a School,
which he prefers, as a Fountain of Knowledge, and led to  resort to
the one which offers the cheapest terms.   And  he must have  been a
careless observer of men  and things, who has  not learned that, to
most persons, there is something, almost irresistible, in an offer of
reduction of price in their case :—no matter if every applicant is told
the same story,—he who practices  this Art, takes care that no two
shall hear his proposals at the same time, and  each one  thinks him-
self highly favoured and would think it folly to allow such an oppor-
tuni'y  to pass unimproved.   They who have most at heart the accu-
mulation of riches, regardless of the means, know best how to ap-
peal to the  avarice as well as to the poverty of others : and it is often
the  case that he who thinks he has been offered a great bargain and
is even flattered with the thought that he buys cheap, while others are
 obliged to pay dearer, is of all customers, the  one who pays dearest
 for  his—' whistle.'
   (G) There are  some young  men—Medical Students—who, not
 being borne down  and oppressed  by Poverty, are  not liable to be
 cheated by Under-bidders : and there  are others,  whom Poverty,
 thoiisjh it grind them to the Earth, can never urge on to treachery to
 their own best Interests.    But on the other hand,  there are in this
 land of plenty, too many young men'who still  need  to learn, that
 wealth can purchase no abiding good, unless it be esteemed as dross,
 in comparison with the furniture of the  Mind.  Thereyothers still,
 (and not a few of them,') among  the  most promising young men in the
 land, whose only wish is to appropriate their too scanty funds, in such
 a manner as shall  ensure to  them the greatest possible  amount of the
 means of Information.  These  are  the young men most in  danger of
 being  duped by the cunning of Pu.iil-hunters and  Under-bidders.
 They need a Friend to advise them.
   (H) Who pays  Dr. Woodward's Agents, and who pays the yearly
 installments into the Under-bidding Fund ?
   I know not how that business is managed  at  Castleton, but I do
 know how it was managed at------.  The bills for travelling  expen-
 ses of half a dozen Agents (more or less), sent to scour the Country
 during the  Summer months, were brought in, at the close of the term,
 to be paid out of the gross income of the School; and I am not sure that. 
 -q                   CONCLUDING  REMARKS.           PART III.]

 after all, some plan was not devised, by which the Class, as a Class,
 paid the Agents'travelling expenses, and paid back again all that had
 been issued from the Under-bidding Fund . And thus, in all cases, they
 who pay the full price of their own tickets, may perhaps be taxed to
 keep up this 'despicable business' of Agent-sending and  Under-bid-
 ding.
   Let  it be observed that I do not say I do positively know that the
 expenses of Agents &c. are finally paid by the Class :—but I have
 in my  possession, some  Facts, which make it  probable that such is
 the plan of operation.   And  at at  all events,  we cannot easily  be-
 lieve that a man, so very anxious to get purchasers for his tickets as
 Dr.  W. is,  for example, would pay the expenses of his Agents him-
 self.
   (I)  I would have Medical  Students, especially those who are in
 embarrassed pecuniary circumstances, look well at the whole game,
 before  they ' engage' to go to  a School, which they do not prefer as
 a place for acquiring  Useful  Knowledge,—merely because it  will,
 apparently, be  a  few dollars cheaper.  And whenever  a Bargain is
 offered, which  the offerer would be ashamed to make publickly, and
 the terms of  which he  does not trust to paper, let the Student look
 to all the probabilities,  before he accepts such terms.

   §  36.  Remarks on the methods often proposed for remedying
 some of the  Evils of which I  complain.

   (A)  I cannot, perhaps, better present my views on this subject, than
 by repeating the  substance of a conversation,  which took place be-
 tween  Dr.----and myself in   1831.   In reply to  me, Dr.____said
 • yes—it is so, I know, and it is all wrong.   But what can  we do ?
 We must do so, or else  our Students will all go to______    FU  ten
 you what Sir-wemurf have an understanding on this subject among
all the Schools and  enter into a Combination  to break  up this Sys-
tem. What  say you ? Suppose we set about the work in earnest and
see ,f we cannot  get all the  Schools to agree'to extend the term of
Pupilage to five years for those who have not a Collegiate Education.
Then, never allow a Pupil to be examined till his term is out,-make
the Examination very rigid, &c. &c.'*

  * I had so often heard the same acknowledgment  anA >u 
part  III.]
APPENDIX.
71
   (B) To all this—the following Reply was made.' All go to------?
then let them go.  What can you do ? Do right.  Cease to do evil
and learn to do well.   What is your object in Teaching ?  All go to
------?  And  will you persist in doing wrong, because  they do
wrong at  ------ and because you may lose a few dollars by doing
your Duty ?  Are you ready to join in the Calumny against Human
Nature and say ' the World is all a cheat, and he's a fool who does
not play his part in the game'?  What if they will all go to------?
Why  should they  not go  there, as well as  go  to your school,—so
long as you practice the same  Abuses, which are practised there ?
Now my Friend, let me tell you plainly, what is the result of my ob-
servations.  The man who is not ready to cease doing wrong, when
he has once clearly seen  what is right,—and  who will  not  cease to
do wrong  because it is wrong and do right because it is right, will be
very slow to enter into such a combination as you propose : and, hav-
ing entered into it, he would be the first to violate the conditions of
the compact.  But why talk of such a combination ?   You may as
well expect all  men to combine for the suppression of Dishonesty.
Let  each one do his  Duty, so far as he knows  it, for himself and
because it is his Duty, and we shall need  no  such combination.
Suppose such a Combination  proposed,—would not the School at
-------and, of  consequence, your own School hold back from it, for
the very reason which now impels them and  you to the commission
of misdeeds ? It is now understood, by the Publick, that each School
and each Teacher shall do his Duty.   The conditions of Admission,
Examination, Graduation,  &c.  of Pupils are essentially the same
in all  the  Schools, if we  may take their  official  Circulars as evi-
dence,—and when any one School departs widely from those condi-
tions, as we know the School at------does, and as you confess you
do, is there not dishonesty  in  this, as well  as a crime against the
cause of Education ?   What gives to all our Circulars the same face
essentially, but a tacit  Understanding—a virtual Combination ? And
if you will not now abide by the terms which you, in common with
others, publish  to the world,  what  pledge  have I that you would
do any better, after having gone through  with  the form of  a Com-
pact ?  You propose to extend the term of Pupilage, for those who
have not received  a Collegi ite Education, to five years,—to make
the examination rigid and in no case to examine, till  the  prescri-
bed Term of Pupilage is completed.  But you have just confessed to
me that your examinations are not now so rigid as they should  be, and
that you do now examine pupils, long before they have completed the
            12 
CONCLUDING REMARKS.
[past III.
short term of three years.   And what pledge will you give me that
you  will do your Duty more faithfully when that Duty has been made
much more difficult ?  You will now violate  a solemn pledge, which
you  gave to the Publick, when you took Office ; and do  you think
yourself  more likely to perform, faithfully, a pledge given to Your
Competitors and your Rivals ?   Should you issue a Circular and suc-
ceed in calling a Convention—should you offer your Proposals to that
Convention and those Proposals be acceded to, would you  not still
think it right to do wrong if  they should continue to do wrong at-----?
If I  have not been very much mis-informed, they  at-----find an ex-
cuse for doing wrong in your deviations from the path of Duty ; and
I now earnestly entreat you to think of this matter—to look a little
higher for your Rule of conduct and not to follow an example you so
severely condemn.  Instead of issuing a Circular for a Convention of
the Schools, let all other Schools see, by your future conduct, that
you  are resolved to do your Duty faithfully, regardless of the conse-
quences. Then wait a while, to see the effect of a change at home: —
there may be the seat of that local Disease, the consequences of which
are derangement in all the Organs.'
   'Buteven if we  admit that such a combination as you propose, might
be  made in good faith, by all the schools now established,—is it not
self-evident,  that  the very same motives, which now impel you and
others to the violation of your Faith to the Publick,  would  lead to
the establishment of new Schools, over which that Combination could
have no control ?   Would not the temptation to the establishment of
such schools be, at least as great, as that temptation which now draws
you  from the line  of Duty ?   And would there be any check upon the
establishment of such Schools ?  Have we not seen in the State of
Vermont, an Individual create a School—assume the title of Professor
and fill a  Professorship of his own creating—then elect a College as
his Patron, and import Diplomas from a Foreign State !—And all this
after having been refused a Charter  by the Legislature on the ground
that the Interests  of the Publick did  not demand another  School »
Have we  not  seen  the Legislature wink at this trifling with its own
decisions  and even throw out of the House a Bill, which provided for
ttefin T711^ IT8*"?  LaWS~Laws> th™ and now, openly vio-
lated in their very  Spirit, if not in the Letter ? &c. &c.'* 
part  III.]
APPENDIX.
73
  (C) Such was the substance of my reply, in  1831, and I aee no
reason in 1833, to alter my opinion.   It would, unquestionably, be an
important step towards Reform, if an agreement could be entered into
among all those Schools, which do not look on Teaching, merely as a
means of making money,—to extend  the Term  of Pupilage to  five
years, for all who have not received a suitable preparatory Education.
Such an agreement would bring those who now act in good faith, to
a higher aim :  it would effect them and them onlyi
  (D) The Sentiment expressed by Dr. Potter in the words " there are
too many Schools and too little Science—men now follow Teaching
as a Trade, not as a Profession," (See p. 47, 8th and 9th lines from
the top,) must  be admitted as true, when the expession is  taken, as he
no doubt intended it should  be—as a whole.   But, if I mistake  not,
false notions are abroad, on the subject of a multiplicity of Medical
Schools.   The more Schools there are, provided always they are all
well conducted, the better.  The Teachers in such Institutions, are
under  the strongest possible  Stimulus  to activity in the Pursuit of
Knowledge  ; and, if the Man is not defective, the Physician is almost
sure to be the better informed for being called  to  the  Duties of a
Teacher.  The influence of such men on other members of the Pro-
fession, in their vicinity, is efficient  and often very  salutary.  And
besides, by multiplying the Fountains of Useful Knowledge, we often
create a Thirst for it, in those who,  if the Stream had not been led
to their door,  would never  have  tasted ;  and at the same time, we
diminish the  Expense of Instruction.   And this seems to me suffi-
cient to  over-rule all the objections I  have ever heard raised.  All
this,  however,  is true  only of  Schools,  which in  themselves   are
Publick  Blessings and would be so, were they alone  or among a
thousand.
   (E) It cannot be  denied that there are «too many  Schools'.—
There are  too  many Schools, because * too many' of them are Offi-
cered  by unprincipled men,—by men,  who« follow  Teaching as a
Trade, and  not as a Profession.'  I maintain that the fact of a mul-
tiplicity of Schools is, in itself, no evil, unless it can be shown  that
a necessary consequence  is  degradation in the standing of those
Schools.
   (F) In no part of N. England is the opinion, that a multiplicity of
Medical Schools is an Evil, more prevalent, than in  Vermont.  We
have, with a Population of about 300,000,  two Schools—the Med.
Coll. and the Acad, of Med.,—in which Instruction is given in all the
branches usually taught in N. England ; and, in addition to these, 
                      t•ONCLIDING REMARKS.              [PART IIL
74
          * .    1  for caching Clinical  Medicine at Woodstock.   It
there-is a bchool  for .eacning                      of thege? exclu.
oftenhappens that Pup.l^r to attond «  ^  ^^
sively, in preference to the ^               her at the Academy,
Pupil attends one course at the College an                       ^

for  the  purpose of comparing the ^^1; of his Profession,
 when he has been well instructed ,n the 1hilosoP y               -

 as itis understood in  these twc• Scl-^  (    ept the matriculating
 of resorting to \\ oodstock, free of ^^SJ[J        gchools at
 fee) and there testing the Doctrines he has learned in^ he
 the bed-side of the  Patient.   Now surely, if the ™"»>£
 College and  the Academy are Scholar-hke  "™>;»\*0*™™?
 faithfu.lv, the Pupil (provided he is intelligent and wel  pounded in
 Ins preparatory Education, as he  certainly ought to  be <«™£«
 tempt  the Study of  Medicine,)  may  derive  nnportan   ^vantage
 from being able to receive  Instruction in the Elements of Medica
  Science, al two different Schools, with  so little expense of travelling
  and, since the location  of these two Schools  precludes the possibility
  of their  giving much, if any, Instruction in  Clinical Med.c.ne,-
  the Pupil has an inestimable advantage in  the provision made for him
  at Woodstock.  There, he can spend a few months in preparing him-
  self to apply  the Principles he  has learned, before he offers his ber-
  vices to tin  Community as a Physician.*
     (G) If, in all this, the intelligent Reader finds a spice of the ridi-
  culous, I cannot help it.   I have treated  the subject with  all  the
   Gravity I can  command.   I have done nothing more than to  take
   others at their word, and as they  wish  the  Publick  to understand
   them,—and  if this  makes the  whole subject  ridiculous,  I beg the
   Reader will look carefully for the root of the absurdity. If we had no
   Schools, except such as are what they pretend to be, then in all I have
   said there would be nothing which could possibly excite a  smile.  In-

     * The ' Clinical School' is now under the Patronage and  Supervision of Mid-
   dlebury College and the Vermont Medical Society.  It is much to be hoped
   that the Legislature, which is now in Session, will take this School  under its
   protection; and, by granting a  Charter, place it on the same footing with the
   other  Schools.  Such a course is imperiously demanded by the Spirit of our now-
   violated Laws:—it is demanded for the Honour of the Legislature, and by the
   Interests of Medical Education. Such an Act on the part of the  Legislature,
   would do away with the present seeming irregularity, in the proceedings of the
   Clinical School, and would enable the Vermont State Medical Society to ap-
   ply its full strength in the performance of  its arduous Duties :—in  managing its
   own concerns, investigating the subjects set before the Publick in  these pages,
    and protecting the Community from Ignorance and Imposture. 
part III.]
APPENDIX,
75
deed, it is not certain that we ought not rather to weep than to laugh,
when, in investigating such a subject, we arrive at such a reductio ad
absurdum.
  (II) To temedy the supposed  Evil of too many Schools  in Ver-
mont, it has been proposed to unite them all in one.   But before a
necessarily fruitle3 attempt is made to accomplish such a Nebuchad-
nezzar's-dream-like combination, let the projectors of it  show how
they expect, thus to eradicate the existing Evils.  Suppose them all
united—suppose we  have one great  School—located at Woodstock
(the only town in the State where it is practicable  to teach Clin-
ical Medicine,) even then the  evil of too many Schools might per-
haps  not  disappear ; for one is  too many, so long as its  officers
* follow Teaching as a Trade, and not as a Profession  ; and men who
have  followed a Trade for many years, are seldom  willing to relin-
quish it, and if they do, they make lame work at a Profession.  But,
for the sake of the argument, let us admit that the Ethiopian  can
change his skin  and the Leopard his spots.   Suppose the whole-
 Science and Art of Medicine to be faithfully taught in this proposed
 Union School ; and suppose  the Publick allowed a temporary res-
 pite from the Evils of too many Schools.   How long would it be
 before some other Town in  Vermont should afford an opportunity to
 some  enterprising individual, anxious to fill a Professor's Chair and
 give Clinical Lectures, to establish his Hospital and set up another
 Clinical School ?   There are Diplomas enough in the State of Maine
 yet:—they grow wild on the banks of the Kennebeck, above tide-
 water.  But verbum sat.  No such combination need be feared. In
 reply to such a proposal, it  was said three  years ago and is said now,
 ' there is a certain  wildness in the  assumptions of manifest folly,
 which calm and dignified Reason cannot stoop to controvert.'

    §  37.  A Plan, for the Management of Medical Schools in
 New-England, proposed.
    I will now  venture to propose a Plan, the only one which appears
 to me to promise any thing towards bringing about a better state of
 things.   I shall offer  the  outline only—and shall  not, at present,
 attempt to answer any Objections nor to remove any Obstacles, real
 or apparent, to  its Practical Application.
    Plan  &c. a  The term of Pupilage (for  the present,) to remain
 fixed at three years.
    8 No man to be admitted to Pupilage  who has not sustained, be-
 fore competent  and faithful Judges, a satisfactory  Examination in 
76
CONCLUDING  REMARKS.
[PABT III.
English,  Latin and Greek Literature, in the Pure Mathematicks, and
in the Elements of Natural Philosophy, Chymistry and Botany.
   y The Publick Lectures to be given free of all expense to the Pupil,
and the Lecturers to have the privilege of examining Candidates for
Pupilage, and of excluding them from their Seats, if not found quali-
fied to enter on the Study of Medicine.
   d Every  Pupil to be  obliged to  commence his Course of Study,
with Attendance on a full Course of Lectures (with Demonstrations)
on Anatomy and Physiology.
   I am satisfied that this Plan may be carried into Execution.   The
Examination of  Candidates for Pupilage, I consider as of much
more importance than the Examination of Candidates for the Degree
of Doctor.  But both are indispensable.
  This Plan I hope to see in successful operation at one School in
N. Eng., before many years. 
 
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