INDEX I. In which the Plants contained in the fixth Fafciculus are arranged according to the Syftem of Linnaeus. Latin Name, Clafs ami Order, 1 Salvia verbenaca .A 2 Veronica triphyIlos. 3 Valeriana 4 Melica nutans 5 Bromus diandrus 6 Aira caryophyllea 7 Feftuca pratenfls 8 Feftuca elatior ... 9 Feftuca loliacea 10 Poa retroflexa I : 11 Poa procumbens 12 Agroftis fetacea 13 Galium verum. 14 Primula farinofa 15 Primula officinalis 10 Primula acaulis 17 Datura Stramonium 18 Pulmonaria maritima 19 Hydrocotyle vulgaris 20 Chenopodium murale 21 Chenopodium rubrum 22 Caucalis Anthrifcus 1 23 Caucalis infefta 24 Chaerephyllum temulum.J 25 Scilla autumnalis 28 Saxifraga Hirculus 27 Saxifraga oppofitifolia 28 Stellaria uliginofa 29 Ceraftium arvenfe 30 Ceraftium pumilum I 31 Ceraftium tetrandrum 32 Glaucium corniculatum 4 33 Ciftus guttatus i 34 Helleborus viridis 35 Anemone apennina 1 • 38 Ranunculus aryenfls 37 Ranunculus Flammula 38 Galeopfis verftcolor 39 Melittis Meliflbphyllum 40 Melifla Nepeta 41 Antirrhinum Peloria 42 Iberis nudicaulis 43 Thlafpi arvenfe 44 Sifymbrium Nafturtium V 45 Geranium difleftum 46 Geranium parviflorum. i 47 Fumaria capreolata 48 Trifolium fcabrum 49 Trifolium ochroleucum \ 50 Trifolium arvenfe 1 51 Lathyrus Niflblia... 52 Lathyrus Sylveftris 53 Ornithopus perpufillus. \ 54 Carduus polyacanthos \ 55 Carduus tenuiflorus 58 Carduus paluftris V 57 Carduus arvenfis 58 Hieracium umbellatum .... 59 Leontodon hirtum 60 Chryfanthemum fegetum... a 61 Achillea Millefolium 62 Centaurea Cyanus Jl 63 Lobelia urens 64 Orchis fufea 65 Orchis bifolia i 68 Ophrys anthropophora 67 Ophrys fucifera. 68 Carex ventricofa 69 Urtica dioica \ 70 Urtica urens 71 Salix monandra i, 72 Salix triandra DiaN d R i a Monogynia, TRiaN D R i a Monogynia, Triandria Digynia, Tetrandria Monogynia. Pe ntan d r i a Mori ogynia. . Pe nTAn d r 1 a Digynia. He xaNd r i a Monogynia. Decandria Digynia. Decandria Trigynia. Decandria Pentagynia. Polyandria Monogynia. Polyandria Polygynia Didynamia Gytnnofpermia• Didynamia ngiofpennia. Tetrad yna mia Sili cui of a. Tet radynamia SUiquofa. Monadelphia Decandria. Di adelphia Hexandria. Diadelphia De candy ia. Syngenesia Polygamia JEqualis. Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua. Syngenesia Polygamia Frujlranea, Syngenesia Monogamia. Gynandria Digynia. Monoecia Tdriandria. Monoecia Tetrandria. Di oeci A Di and na. INDEX II. INDEX 111. Latin Names of the Plants in the fixth Fafciculus, arranged Alphabetically. Englilh Names of the Plants in the fixth Fafciculus, arranged Alphabetically. Plate 1 Achillea Millefolium . . * 61 | Agroflis fetacea 12 Aira caryophyllea 6 Anemone apennina 35 Antirrhinum Peloria 41 Bromus diandrus 3 Carduus polyacanthos 54 Carduus tenuiflorus 33 Carduus paluflris . 36 Carduus arvenfis 37 Carex ventricofa 68 Caucalis Anthrifcus 22 Caucalis infefla 23 Centaurea Cyanus 62 Ceraftium arvenfe 29 Ceraftium pumilum 30 Ceraftium tetrandrum 31 Chenopodiurn murale 20 Chenopodium rubrum 21 Chaerephyllum temulum 24 Chryfanthemum fegetum 60 Ciftus guttatus ' 33 Datura Stramonium 17 Feftuca pratenfis 7 Feftuca elatior 8 Feftuca loliacea 9 Fumaria capreolata . 47 Galeopfis verficolor 38 Galium verum 13 Geranium difleHurn 43 Geranium parvifiorum 46 Glaucium corniculatum 32 Helleborus viridis 34 H ieraciura umbellatum 38 Hydrocotyle vulgaris 19 Iberis nudicaulis . 42 Lathyrus fylveflris 32 Lathyrus Nifl'olia 31 Leontodon hirtum 39 Lobelia urens 03 Melica nutans . . ~ 4 Melifla Nepeta 40 Melittis Meliffophyllum 39 Ophrys anthropophora 66 Ophrys fucifera 67 Orchis fufea 64 Orchis bifolia 63 Ornithopus perpufillus 33 Poa retroflexa 10 Poa procumbens 11 Primula farinofa . . 14 Primula officinalis 53 Primula acaulis 16 Pulmonaria maritima 18 Ranunculus arvenfis 36 Ranunculus Flammula 37 Salix monandra 71 Salix triandra 72 Salvia verbenaca 1 Saxifraga Hirculus 26 Saxifraga oppofitifolia 27 Scilla autumnalis 25 Sifymbrium Naflurtium 44 Stellaria uliginofa 28 Thlafpi arvenfe 43 Trifolium fcabrum 48 Trifolium arvenfe 30 Trifolium ochroleucum 49 Urtica dioica 69 Urtica urens 70 Valeriana officinalis 3 Veronica triphyllos 2 Flate Agroftis Sheeps fefcue-leaved 32 Anemone mountain o<- Baflard-Balm 3^ Bedftraw yellow 13 Bird’s-eye 14 Bird’s-foot common . 33 Blue-bottle corn 62 Brome-grafs diandrous 3 Calamint field Carex turgid 6g Caucalis hedge 22 Caucalis corn 23 Ciftus fpotted-flowered . ;. 33 Clover yellow A'g Corn-mary gold 60 Cow-parlley fmall 2a Cowflip Cranes-bill jagged 43 Cranes-bill fmall-flowered 45’ Crowfoot corn Dandelion deficient 3^ Everlafling-Pea narrow-taved Fefcue-grafs meadow 1 j Fefcue-grafs tall 3 Fefcue-grafs darnel g Fumitory ramping 4^ Galeopfis particolourec 33 Goofefoot nettle-leavec 2Q Goofefoot frnall-feedec 2i Hair-grafs filver £ Hawk\vreed bufhy 33 Hellebore green 34 Horned-Poppy red 32 Lathyrus crimfon 31 Lobelia acrid , . 1 53 Lung-wort Tea 13 Melic-grafs mountai’ 4 Meadow-grafs reflexd 3o Meadow-grafs procunbent 3l Moufe-Ear Chickwed corn 2n Moufe-Ear Chickwed dwarf 3Q Moufe-Ear Chickwed tetrandrous 31 Nettle great ...... 69 Nettle Imall y0 Ophrys man 55 Ophrys green-wiged 67 Orchis great 54 Orchis butterfly 6r Peloria . 4 j Penny-crefs. . . 43 Penny-wort mrfii . Primrofe 3g Rock-crefs 42 Sage or Clar wild j Saxifrage mrfli 2S Saxifrage prple 2y Spearwort mall q- Speedwell rifid 2 Squill autmnal 2^, Stick worbog . 23 Thiflle picklieft r . Thiflle finder-flowered °r Thiflle larfh ! ” * Thiflle urfed. 0 Thorm>ple Trefoirough . , Trefo’hares foot rQ Valerm wild J Watecrefs P" Wiilw bitter * Willw three-threaded • Yar>w common 'Pedesiacxr. Salvia Verbenaca. Wild Sage, or Clary. SALVIA Linn. Gen, PL Diandria Monogynia* Corolla inaequalis. Filamenta tranfverfe pedicello affixa* RailSyn. Gen, 14. Suffrutices et verticillat^e* SALVIA Verbenaca foliis ferratis fmuatis laeviufculis, corollis calyce anguftioribus* Linn. Syfi. Vegetal, ed, 14. p. 70. Spk PI. p. 35. Lightfoot Scot, v. 1. p. 79. Hudfi. FI. Angl, ed. 2. p. 10. HORMINUM fylveflre Lavendulae flore. Bank, Pin. 239. Park. Th. p. 57. Wild Clary with Spike Flowers. Rail Syn. ed. 3. p. 237. Common Englifli wild Cary. HORMINI fylveftris mi. quinta fpecies* Clufi. 2. p. xxxi. HORMINUM fylveftre. Ger. Herb. p. 628. Wild Clarie or Oculus Chrifli; as to the defcription, the figure doubtful, the radical leaves being too pointed and the flowers too large. Ger. emac. p. 771. J\ 1. RADIX perennis, fufea, crahitie digiti intermedii de- < feendens, plurimis fibris capillata. 1 CAULES ereftiufeuli, bipedales, tetragoni, pilofi, pilis | horizontalibus, fubvifeidis, ad nodos praecipue , purpurafeentes, ramofi ; Rami oppofiti. i * * FOLIA radicalia longe petiolata, variabilia, oblonga, 1 apice nunc rotundata, nunc acutiufcula, bafi nonnunquam cordata, faepius vero folium in ' petiolum utrinque decurrit et ad unum latus longius extenditur, hirfutula, finuato-ferrata, , fubtus pallidiora, venofa et punclis glandu- 1 lofis excavatis notata; caulina remJtiu(cula, 1 inferiora petiolata, petiolis brevioribus, fu- preraa fehilia. I ( FLORES verticillati, verticillis nudiufculis, fubfexhoris. BRACTEAl cordatae, acuminatae, deflexae, floribus breviores. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, bilabiatum, purpurafeens, vifcidulum, perfihens; labium fuperius obovatum, mucrone brevi faepius terminatum, trinerve, nervis duobus abbre- viatis, labium inferius nervofum ad dimidiam fere bifidum ; laciniis ovato-lanceolatis, mu- cronatis, furfum curvatis, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, inaequalis, violacea, calyce paulo longior; Tubus luperne ampliatus, com- preffus ; Limbus ringens ; Labium fuperius concavum, compreffum, incurvum, ernargi- natum; Labium inferius latum, trifidum, lacinia media majori, rotundata, deprefia, emarginata, fig, 2. STAMINA: Filamenta duo, brevia; Anther/e oblongae, nigrae, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen quadrifidum; Stylus fili- formis, longus; Stigma bifidum,Jig. 4. SEMINA quatuor in fundo calycis, fubrotunda, nigra, fig-5’ 6- ROOT perennial, brown, the thicknefs of the middle- finger, ftriking deep into the earth, and fur- nilhed with numerous fibres. STALKS nearly upright, two feet high, four-cornered, hairy (hairs horizontal, fomewhat vifeid) purplifh, efpecially at the joints, branched ; Branches oppofite. LEAVES next the root handing on long foothalks, variable in their form, oblong, fometimes rounded at the extremity, fometimes a little pointed, not unfrequently heart-fhaped at the Safe, but more commonly the leaf runs down on each fide of the footflalk, and to a greater length on the one fide than on the other, very (lightly hirfute, on the margin irregularly waved and fawed or toothed, of a paler colour on the under fide, veiny and marked with fmall glandular concave dots ; the flalk- leaves fomewhat remote, the lowermoh of them handing on fliort foot-halks, the upper- moh feffile. FLOWERS growing in whorls, fomewhat naked, containing about fix flowers. FLORAL-LEAVES heart-fhaped, long-pointed,turned down, fhorter than the flowers. Cx\LYX ; a Perianthium of one leaf, two lip’d, purplifh, (lightly vifeid, and continuing ; the upper lip obovate, moh commonly terminated by a fhort point, three-rib'd, two of which are much hiorter than the middle one ; the lower lip rib cl, divided nearly half way down, fegments ovato-lanceolate, pointed, turned UP COROLLA monopetalous, unequal, violet-coloured, a little longer than the calyx ; Tube above en- larged, flattened ; Limb gaping; upper Lip concave, battened, bent downwards, emar- ginate ; lower Lip broad, trifid, middle feg- ment largeh, rounded, depreffed, emarginate, fig-2. STAMINA: Two Filaments, fhort; Anthers oblong, black, Jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen quadrihd; Style filiform, long; Stigma bifid, fig. 4. SEEDS four in the bottom of the calyx, of a roundifh figure and black colour. Jig. 5, 6. The Salvia Verbenaca is a common plant, not only in dry pahures and uncultivated places near London, but generally throughout the kingdom ; we have frequently remarked that it very often occurs in Church-Yards. It flowers during moh of the fummer, and towards autumn produces abundance of feeds, which fcattering on the ground, and readily growing, difpofe this plant foon to become a weed. It varies confiderably in fize, and very much in the, form of its leaves; when bruifed it emits a hrong and fomewhat unpleafant fmell. The feed put into water foon becomes invefled with a thick mucilage. Formerly it had fome reputation as a medicinal plant; Gerard tells us, “That the feede put whole into the “ eies clenfeth and purgeth them exceedingly from waterifh humours, redneffe, inflamation, and divers other “ maladies, or all that happen unto the eies; and takes away the pain and fmarting thereof, efpecially being put “ into the eies one feed at one time and no more/'’ Ray, who was too credulous in matters of this fort, attributes their efficacy to their form and fmoothnefs; we have heard their mode of operating accounted for in fome other way : but furely there is a manifeft abfurdity in the idea thus entertained of their efficacy, and no fmall danger attendant on their ufe : the putting a hard fubflance into a part naturally fo tender as the eye, mull at any time be fufficient to excite inflammation, and at all times increafe it; we therefore caution fuch of our readers as are fond of ufing the edged tools of medicine, to be on their guard againft applying fo doubtful a remedy in difeafes of an organ fo exquifitely formed. Veronica Triphyllos. Trifid Speedwell. VERONICA. Linn, Gen. PL Diandria Monogynia. Cor. Limbo 4-partito, lacinia infima anguftiore. Cap/, bilocularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. Herbas fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalo. VERONICA triphyllos floribus folitariis, foliis digitato partitis, pedunculis calyce longioribus. Linm Syfl. Veget ah. ed. 14. Murr. p. 60. Scop. F/. Cani. ed. 2. n. 25. iludf. FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 7. triphylla. Flor. Suec. ed. 2. p. 7. VERONICA foliis ovatis, tripartitis, et quinquepartitis, floribus longe petiolatis. Hali. FUJI. 551. VERONICA flofculis Angularibus, foliis laciniatis, ere6la. Raii Syn. ed. 3. p. 280. Upright Speedwell with divided leaves. ALSINE triphyllos caerulea. Bauh. Pin. 250. ALSINE parva reda, folio Alfines hederaceae Rutae modo divifo. Loh. icon. 464, ALSINE reda. Right Chickweede. Ger. Herh. p. 489. cmac, p. 612. f5. ALSINE reda triphyllos, five laciniata. Park. Th. p. 760, Upright Chickweede with jagged leaves. ALSINE reda flore caeruleo. Upright blew Chickweede. Park. Fh.p. 1260. f. 6. ALSINE folio profunde fedo, flore purpureo feu violaceo. I. B. 3. 367. VERONICA folio Rutae. Rivin. t. 96. RADIX annua, fibuofa. CAULES plures, fubpalmares, ere&iufculi, teretes, fuperne vifcidi, pallide virides, aut fubru- bentes, pendente florefcentia fubnutantes. FOLIA patentia, remotiufcula, alterna et oppofita, crafliufcula, utrinque pilofa, fubtus faepe ru- bentia, inferiora cordato-ovata, breviflime petiolata, fuperiora feflilia, digitato-quinque- partita, et tripartita, laciniis cuneiformibus, intermedia maxima. FLORES axillares, folitarii, faturate et fplendide cce- rulei; Pedunculi foliis breviores. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, perfidens, | quadripartitum, laciniis obovatis, foliis fu- , premis plantae fimilibus, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, rotata, calyce minor; Tubus breviflimus, albus; Limbus quadripartitus, planus, laciniis ovatis, infima anguftiore, huic oppofita latiore, fig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta duo, inferne anguftiora, alba; Anthers oblongae, coeruleae, fg. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen comprelfum; Stylus fili- formis, longitudine (laminurn ; Stigma fim- plex, albidum, fg. 4. PFRICARP1UM: Capsula magna, obcordata. 1 SEMINA plurima, e fufco nigricantia, hinc convexa, 1 gibba, rugofa, illinc concava. ROOT annual, fibrous. ST ALKS numerous, about a hand’s breadth high, nearly upright, round, on the upper part vifcid, of a pale green or reddifh colour, drooping a little during the flowering period. LEAVES fpreading, rather remote, alternate and oppofite, thickilh, hairy on both fides, often reddilh on the under fide, the lowermofl: heart-fhaped ovate, (landing on very (hort footftalks, the upper ones felfile, fingered, or divided deeply into five and three parts, the fegments wedge-fliaped, the middle one very large. FLOWERS placed fingly in the bofoms of the leaves, of a deep and bright blue colour; L lower- Jialks (horter than the leaves. CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, continuing, deeply divided into four fegments, which are obovate, and like the uppermoft leaves of the plant, fig. i. COROLLA monopetalous,wheel-(haped, fmaller than the calyx ; Tube very (hort and white; Limb deeply divided into four fegments, flat, feg- ments ovate, lowermofl; one narrower, upper- mod: one broader than the reft, fig. 2. STAMINA: two Filaments, narrowed below, white; Anthers oblong, blue, Jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen flattened; Style filiform, the length of the (lamina; Stigma fimple, whitifti, Jig. 4. SEED-VESSEL : a large Capsule, inverfely heart- (haped. SEEDS numerous, of a blackifh brown colour, con- vex, gibbous, and wrinkled on one fide, hollow on the other. * The Veronica triphyllos, a plant common to mod parts of Europe, and chiefly found in corn-fields, where the foil is light, is of very partial growth in this country, and found principally in the counties of Norfolk* and Suffolk ; we have received fpecimens of it from Sir Thomas Frankland, gathered by him in Yorkfhire. It flowers very early in the fpring, in March, and April, and ripens its feeds in June, from thefe fpon- taneoufly fcattered, young plants come up readily in autumn; in favourable foils this fpecies, like the hederijolia and agrejlis, feems much difpofed to become a weed; but, like them, is too trifling to be injurious. C. Bauhine mentions two varieties of this Veronica, one with larger and thicker leaves, the other with fmaller ones; thefe fcarcely deferve the name of varieties: Haller obferves, that fix inches is the utmoft height of the plant, we have feen it much taller; the fummits of the flowering branches for the moll part bend fomewhat downwards, a peculiarity of the plant which we have not found noticed by authors. This fpecies is too diftinft to be miftaken for any other Englifh one, its divided leaves, the deep rich blue colour of its flowers, and the largenefs of its feed-veffels obvioufly diftinguifh it. Triphyllos, a name given to it by fome of the old Botanifts, is not always applicable, the leaves in young plants particularly, being often divided into more than three fegments. * At Rowton in Norfolk, betwixt the town and the highway, twelve miles before you come to Norwich ; at Mewel in Suffolk, between the two windmills and the warren-lodge; in the gravel-pits, two miles beyond Barton Mills, on the ridge of the hill where a fmall cart-way croifeth the road to Lynn; and in the grals thereabouts, plentifully. Th. Willjsel, Ray's Syn. ed. 3, p. 280. Valeriana Officinalis. Wild. Valerian. VALERIANA. Linn, Gen* PI. Triandria Monogynia Cal. o. Cor. i. petala, bail hinc gibba, fupera Raii Syn. Gen. 10. Herba: flore perfecto simplici, seminibus nudis so litariis, seu ad singulos flores singulis. VALERIANA officinalis floribus triandris, foliis omnibus pinnatis. Linn. Syff. Vegetal?, ed. 14. Murr. p. 80. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. p. 40. FI. Suec. n. 34. Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2. n. 39. Berg. Mat. Med. p. 30. Hudfon FI. Angi, ed. 2. p. 12. Light foot Scot. V. 1. p. 85. VALERIANA foliis pinnatis, pinnis dentatis. Hall Hijl. n. 210. VALERIANA fylveftris major* Baub. Pin. 164. Gcr. Herb. p. giy. fg. 2. Great Wilds Valerian, emac. 1075. Jig* 2. Threlk Syn. VALERIANA fylveftris. Wilde Valerian. Park. Th. p. 123. f 13. VALERIANA fylveftris magna aquatica. J. Baub. 111. 2. 211. Rnii Syn. ed. 3. p. 200. Great Wild Valerian. RADIX perennis, fubpraemorfa, fibrofa, fibris plurimis, majufculis, flolonem unum alterum ve longe protenfurii e caudice emittens. CAULIS pedalis ad tripedalem, et ultra, ereftus, teres, fulcatus, fifluvofus, hinc hirfutulus, terminans in ramos floriferos brachiatim difpofitos. FOLIA oppofita, connata, bafi fubtusbarbata, pinnata; Cofla leviter pubefcens; Foliola 11 ad 13, nunc oppofita, nunc alterna, fubdecurrentia, lanceolato-oblonga, acutiufcula, inaequaliter remoteque dentata, venofo-rugofa, fubtus pal- lidiora, pilofmfcula, foliolum terminale trilo- batum ; Folia fuprema floralia trifida, et fub- fimp licia. FLORES fubcorymbofi terminales, albido-carnei, odore fingulari praediti; Pedunculi ramo- fiflimi, multoties dichotomi. BRACTEAE lanceolatae, acuminatae, connatae, albentes, nervo viridi. CALYX nullus, margo fuperus minutus, fig. 1* COROLLA tubulofa, tubo a latere inferiore neftari- fero, gibbo, fig. 2. Limbo quinquefido, laci- niis obtufis, fig. 3. STAMINA: Filamenta tria, ere6la, Corolla longiora, amiffo polline recurvantia ; Anthers lubro- tundae, floribus concolores,.fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen conicum, inferum ; Stylus filiformis, longitudine flaminum; Stigma crafTiufculum, obtufum, album, trifidum, fig. 5. SEMINA folitaria, ovato-oblonga, compreffa; Pappus radiis duodecim plumofis, bafi purpurafcenti- bus, fig. 6. \ ROOT perennial, fomewhat flumped, fibrous, fibres ‘ numerous, large, fending out from its crown one or more long-extended creeping fhoots. STALK from one to three feet or more in height, up- right, round, grooved, hollow, in fome parts hairy, terminating in flowering branches dif- pofed croffwife. LEAVES oppofite, connate, bearded at the bafe on the under fide, pinnated; the Midrib fome- what downy; the Leaflets or Pinnae nto 13, fometimes oppofite, fometimes alternate, flightly decurrent, lanceolate-oblong, rather pointed, unevenly and diflantly toothed, veiny, wrinkled, paler on the underfide, flightly hairy; the terminating Leaflet three- lobed; the uppermofl leaves on the flower- ing branches trifid, and fometimes entire. , FLOWERS growing in a kind of corymbus, terminal, 1 of a pale flefh colour, and fingular fmell; 1 Flower-Stalks much branched, and many 1 times divided. ' FLORAL-LEAVES, lanceolate, acuminated, connate, whitifh, with a green midrib. , CALYX none, a flight margin on the top of the Germen, 1 fig. 1. 1 COROLLA tubular, the tube producing from its lower 1 fide a gibbous ne£lary, fig. 2. the Li?nb di- -1 vided into five obtufe fegments, fig. 3. 1 STAMINA: three upright Filaments, longer than ) the Corolla, bending back when the an- ) therae have filed their pollen; Anther a: ) roundifh,of the fame colour as the flowers,7^.4. ) PISTILLUM: the Germen conic, beneath the Corolla, } Style thread-fhaped, the length of the fla- mina; Stigma thickifh, obtufe, white, and I trifid, Jig. 5. ) SEEDS fmgle, ovato-oblong, compreffed, furnifhed ) with a Pappus having twelve feathery rays, of ) a purplifh colour at the bafe, fig. 6. The Valeriana officinalis here figured, grows wild with us in wet fituations only, it more efpecially is found on the edges of wet ditches, often in ofier-grounds, and in fuch fituations is very common in moft of the Southern parts of Great-Br-tain ; fometimes, particularly in the Northern parts of the kingdom, it is found on more elevated and drier ground, where it becomes in every refpedft fmaller, and more hairy ; in fuch fituations the roots are found to poffefs more fragrance, and are confidered as preferable for medicinal purpofes. The flowers, when frelh, diffufe a peculiar kind of odour, almoft too flrong to be pleafant; the powerful fmell of the dried root is known to moft perfons, and of this part of the plant cats are remarkably fond, not only eating it, but when they have an opportunity, perfuming themfelves by rolling on it, and that on the frefh as well as dried roots ; for I have often obferved, that as the roots fpread out near the furface of the ground, they find them out, and in gratifying their paflion frequently deflroy the plant in gardens; whenever they are infufferably mifchievous in this or other refpefts, they may with certainty be caught in a wooden hutch trap, baited with Valerian root; we are not however wantonly to facrificc this ufeful animal. The officinalis, as well as fome of the other fpecies of Valerian, is very ornamental, but almoft too large for the flower-garden, unlefs it be an extenfive one; it flowers in June and July, and is eafily cultivated, as it has creeping roots, which for medicinal purpofes fhould be taken up early in the fpring and carefully dried. The mountain Valerian root has a flrong, not agreeable fmell, and an unpleafant, warm, bitterifh, fubacrid tafle; the flrength of the fmell and tafle is the only mark to be depended on of its genuinenefs, and goodnefs. It is a medicine of great efteem in the prefent practice againft obflinate hemicraniae, hyfterical and the different kinds of nervous dilbrders, and is commonly looked upon as one of the principal antifpafmodics. Columna reports, that he was cured by it of an inveterate epilepfy, after many other medicines had been tiled in vain: on more extenfive trials it has been found, in fome epileptic cafes to effe6l a cure, in feveral to abate the violence or frequency of the fits, and in many to prove entirely ineffeblual: oftentimes, it either purges, or operates by fweat, or by urine, or brings away worms before it prevents a fit. The dofe of the root in powder is from a fcruple to a dram or two, which may be repeated if the ftomach will bear it, two or three times a day. A remarkable inftance of its efficacy in a Catalepfy is given by Mr. Mudge: doles of half an ounce of the powder were exhibited twice a day, and a lefs quantity was found ineffeftual.—Among the materials I have made trial of for covering its flavour, mace feemed to anfwer the beft. Lewis s Mat. Med. ed. Aik. p. 659. Dr. Cullen confiders it as an antifpafmodic medicine of confiderable efficacy, but obferves, that he has fre- quently found it inefficacious, which he attributes partly to the beft remedies failing in difeales which depend on a diverfity of caufes, and partly to the roots being employed in an improper condition; he is of opinion that it fhould be given in larger doles than is commonly done. Melica Nutans. Mountain Melic-Grass. MELICA Linn. Gen. P/. Triandria Digynia. Cal. 2-valvis, 2-floms. Corpufculum pedicellatum inter flofculos. NeSlarium monophyllum. Stamina bafi dilatata. Linn. Syji. Nat. ed. 13. G?nelin. Rail Syn. Gen. 27. Herb.e graminifoli.e flore imperfecto culmifera> MELICA nutans, petalis imberbibus, panicula nutante fimplici. Finn. Syft. Vegetab. cd. 14. Munk. p. 112. Sp. P/. ed. 3. p. 98. Flor. Suec. ed. 2. p. 26. Scopoli Carn. ed. 2. p. 67. Lightf Scot. v. 1. p. 93. Leers Herb. p. 25. Schreb. Agroji* p. 63. ic. 6. MELICA montana petalis imberbibus, panicula coarHata, fecunda, ere6la, fublimplici, floribus pendulis* Hudfon F/. Angi. ed. 2. p. 37. POA panicula laxa, locuflis nutantibus dianthis, alterno flofculo imperfeflo. Haller Hijl. n. 1472. GRAMEN montanum avenaceum, locuflis rubris. Bauh. Pin. 10. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fubrepens. CULMI pedales aut fefquipedales, fimplices, ere6li, foliofi, fcabri, flriati, fubangulofi, inferne purpurei. FOLIA ad bafin culmi brevia, fquamaeformia, fufcef- centia, ficut afcendunt, longiora et angulliora evadunt; fcabriufcula, lineam cum dimidia lata. LIGULA nulla. PANICULA bi-triuncialis, fubnutans, fecunda, fimplex, vel ramofa ; pedunculis capillaribus, rachi fubappreflis, flexuofis, ereftis, ad lentem vil- lofis, praecipue ad flores ubi paululum in- craflantur. . SPICULyE plerumque trifloras, rudimento flofculi pedicellato clavato, jig. 3. CALYX : Gluma bivalvis, valvulis inaequalibus, ovatis, obtufis, obfolete nervofis, primo purpureis, demum fufcefcentibus. fig. 1. COROLLA : Gluma bivalvis, valvulis inaequalibus, exteriore magna, concava, ovata, multinervia, nervis plerifque mediam valvulae vix attingen- tibus ; interiore lata, plana, multo breviore, fi- 2- STAMINA : Filamenta 3 capillaria, diflinfta ; Anthers flavae, jig. 4. 8. GERMEN : lato-ovatum, pellucidum ; Styli duo, inferne nudi, fuperne plumofi, patentes, jig. 6-9- NECI ARIUM; Glumulce duae, carnofae, truncatae, fi- 7- ROOT perennial, fibrous, foinewhat creeping. STALKS a foot or a foot and a half high, fimple, upright, leafy, rough, firiated, foinewhat angular, below purplilh. LEAVES at the bafe of the flalk (lion, fcale-like, brownilh, as they afcehd becoming longer and narrower, a line and a half broad, and (lightly rough. MEMBRANE at the bafe of the leaf wanting. PANICLE two or three inches long, bending down a little, with the flowers inclining one way, fimple or branched ; peduncles capillary, prelfed to the rachis, crooked, upright, vil- lous if magnified, efpecially at the flower, where they are foinewhat thickened. SPICULhE ufually three-flowered, rudiment of the floret forming a fort of club, jig. 3. CALYX : a Glume of two valves, valves unequal, ovate, blunt, faintly ribbed, at firfl; purple, laflly of a brownifh hue, jig. 1. COROLLA: a Glume of two valves, valves unequal, the outer one large, concave, ovate, many- ribbed, moll of the ribs fcarcely -reaching half its length ; the inner one broad, flat, and much (horter, fig. 2. STAMINA: 3 capillary Filaments, quite diftinft ; Anthers yellow, jig. 4. 8. GERMEN of a broad ovate form, and pellucid; Styles two, naked below, above feathery, and fpreading, jig. 6. 9. NECTARY : two little Glumes, flefliy, and truncated, fs- 7• This elegant fpecies of Melica inhabits rocky and fhady fituations in the more Northern parts of Europe * Mr. Hud son mentions it as growing in the mountainous woods of Yorkfliire, Weftmoreland, and Cumberland ; Mr. Lightfoot plentifully in Scotland; we obferved it abundantly in Grafs-Wood, near Graflington, in the neighbourhood of Kilnfay, Yorkfliire, a mofl romantic fpot, and fertile in rare plants. It flowers in July and Augufl. Mr. Lightfoot obferves that it varies with flowers nearly feflile, growing in a fpike inflead of a panicle. Leers defcription and delineation of the minute parts of the fruftification in this fpecies, contrary to what we generally find in his excellent work, diflinguilhed and much depended on for its accuracy, are very erroneous: the filaments are not united at the bafe, nor is the neHary formed of one entire circular piece, but of two, haying the appearance indeed of one, feparable on a nice diffeflion ; they do not entirely furround the germen; it is the more neceflary to notice this circumllance, as it appears to have miflead Profeflor Gmelin, who makes the Need an urn monophyllum a part of the generic charadler in the Melica. Profeflor Schreber s magnified reprefentation of the nedlary, to which the fame fault is imputable, may have contributed its fhare alfo. Schreber, Halleßi, and Scheuchzer, refer to the gramen montanum f picatum of Clusius for our plant, but it accords fo ill with it, both as to figure and defcription, that we fufpedt that author mull have meant fome other plant. Genera undoubtedly run into one another, but furely there is a wide difference between the fruHification of this plant and that of a Poa, to which it is referred by Baron Haller, and of an Airas to which Profelfor Gmelin hints that it might be joined. This fpecies of Melica is eafily cultivated by parting and planting out its roots in autumn, it is to be admired for its elegance, but has little pretenlions to be regarded for its utility. Bromus Diandrus. Diandrous Brome-Grass. BROMUS Linn. Gen. PI. Triandria Digynia, Cal. 2-valvis. Spicula oblonga, teres, didicha ; arifla infra apicem» Raii Syn. Gen. 27. Herbie flore imperfecto culmiferjl. BROMUS diandrus panicula ereflo-patente, fpiculis multifloris, flofculis diandris. BROMUS muralis panicula patulo-ere&a firaplici, fpiculis linearibus, floribus acuminatis fcabris, aridis longis. Hudf. FI. Angi, ed. 2. p. 50» BROMUS madritenfis panicula rariore patulo-erefla; fpiculis linearibus; intermediis geminis, pediceliis fuperne incraflatis. Linn.SyJi. Vege tab. cd. 14. Murr. p. 120. ? GRAMEN bromoides, pumilum, locudis ereftis, majoribus, aridatis. Scheuchz. Agr. ed. Hali. p, 260» BROMOS derilis erefla panicula major. Barr. ic. 76. ru 1. We many years fmee obferved the grafs here reprefented, growing on the wall of a garden near Batterfea Church, fituated at a fmall didance from the high-road which leads from the bridge to Batterfea, out of which you turn in proceeding to the church;—a few yards down this turning, on the garden-wall to the right, it will readily be found: for on the fame fpot, we obferved it again this prefent dimmer, in company with Mr. Ogle, Surgeon, Great Ruffel-Street, Bloomfbury; on the top of the wall it was in a dunted date, at the foot of it more luxuriant. On the fird difeovery of this plant, I was induced, from a curfory view, to regard it as a variety of Bromus fterilis, with peduncles fliorter than ufual; but having introduced it to my garden, and found that feveral years culture made no alteration in its principal charafter, I had little doubt of its being a didinfl fpecies, and the little I had was completely removed, when I came to difleft the parts of fruftification; for, to my great adonifhment, I found that there were only two damina to each flower, and that generally. Growing in the fame dtuation as the Jlerilis, it is a fmaller plant; the fpiculae in the fterilis danding on long peduncles (whereby they are rendered weaker) condantly droop; in the diandrus the peduncles being fhort, fupport the fpiculae in an upright pofition; this gives a different air to the plant, which otherwife from the great fimilarity of its dalks, foliage, fize and form of its fpiculae, would be very liable to be confounded with the Jlerilis. In dry feafons, when the Bromus diandrus grows on walls, it is much fhorter than the plant we have figured; in fuch fituations, more particularly as the plant advances to maturity, the panicle elofes together, and the fpiculae become of a brownilh purple hue ; in this date it differs dill more obvioufly from the Jlerilis, and may be didinguifhed even at a didance: we are not, however, to regard this plant as confined to walls; like the Jlerilis, it is found on them by accident: we obferved it in the year 1793? on the banks of the Severn, at the foot of St. Vincents Rock, where my very good friend. Dr. Ford, then reddent at Bridol, alfo obferved it to grow in great plenty. If our plant be the Bromus madritenfis of Linnaeus, which we are induced to believe, from its according fo well with the figure of Barrelier, to which he refers, it will be found to be a native of Spain, and Italy, and perhaps of other different parts of Europe: there can be little doubt of its being the muralis of Mr. Hudson, though he has omitted to notice the peculiar circumdance of its having only two damina, a phenomenon fo unufual in plants of this tribe, that we have thought it ought to receive its trivial name from it, more efpecially as the plant is found to be confined to no particular country or dtuation. It flowers in May and June, and ripens its feeds in July ; is an annual of ready growth, and much difpofed to become a weed. Unlefs the flowers are examined when very young, the frefli damina are not to be feen, but the flowers out of bloom generally retain them in a dried date. Of foreign grades there are feveral deferibed with two damina, in particular the Saccharum Thunbergii and Koenigu, and the Agr of is diandra, Linn. Syft. Nat. ed. 33. Gmclin. of our Englifii grades, none fuch as yet have been obferved, befides the prefent one, and the Anthoxanthum odoratum. Partes FruAifcation is. The Parts of the FruAiftcation. Fig. 1. Glumae Calycinae. Fig. 1. The Glumes of the Calyx. Fig. 2. Glumae Corollaceae, Fig. 2. The Glumes of the Corolla. P%- 3> 4> 5\6- Gluma Corollacea interior, Sta inina, Pidillum, Ne&aria, lente auft. Fig. 3, 4, 5, 6. The inner Glume of the Corolla, Stamina, Pidillum, and NeHaries, magnified. Fig. 7» Pidillum magis auft. Fig. 7. The Pidillum more enlarged. Aira Caryophyllea. Silver Hair-Grass. AIRA. Linn. Gen. PI. Triandria Digynia. Cal. 2-valvis, 2-florus. Flofculi abfque interje&o rudimento. RailSyn. Gen. 27. Herbie flore imperfecto culmifer^e. AIRA caryophyllea, foliis fetaceis, panicula divaricata, floribus ariftatis diftantibus. Linn. Syft, Vegetal?, p. 112. Sp.Pl.p.gy. AVENA diantha, foliis fetaceis, panicula divaricata. Haller Hi/l. n. 1482. AIRA folds fetaceis, panicula trichotoma, floribus ariftatis divergentibus. Hudfon FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 36. CARYOPHYLLUS arvenfis glaber minimus. Bauh. Pin. 210. GRAMEN paniculatum purpuro-argenteum, locuftis parvis annuum, FUJI. Ox. 111. 200. t. 5. f 11. GRAMEN paniculatum, locuftis purpuro-argenteis annuum. Raii Syn. p. 407. Small annual fair- panicled Grafs. ROOT annual, fibrous, fibres few, penetrating but a little way into the earth, whence the plant by the violence of the wind, is eafily forced out of the ground. STALK upright, about a fpan high, round, ftriated, leafy, with two or three joints. LEAVES fetaceous, fhort, fomewhat rigid, the edges rolled in, upright, glaucous, a little blunt: Sheaths long, flriated, roughifh, the edges membranous and white; the Membrane large, long-pointed, finally bifid. i PANICLE divaricated; Peduncles growing fingly, in • the cultivated plant ufually two together, 1 long, branched, trifid, and fmooth; Pedicles fhort, fomewhat crooked ; Flowers diflant. , CALYX : a Glume of two flowers, two-valved, the » valves ovato-lanceolate, acute, equal, whitifh, ► gloffy, purplifh at the bafe, Jig, i. 1 COROLLA two-valved, valves feffile, nearly equal, a little fhorter than the calyx, greenifh, ) pointed, the outer one awned, Jig. 2. Awn ) proceeding from near its bafe, ftraight, white, ) longer by one half than the calyx, Jg. 3. ) STAMINA : 3 capillary Filaments, nearly the length of the flower; Anthers oblong, v forked at each end. Jig, 4. ) PISTILLUM: Germen ovate; Styles 2, fpreading, ) and feathery, fig, 5. ■ SEED fomewhat ovate, covered with the corolla, fig- 6. denuded. RADIX annua, fibrofa, fibris paucis, in terram vix defeendentibus, unde plantula venti impetu facile eruitur. CULMUS ereflus, fpithamaeus, et ultra, teres, flriatus, foliatus, bitrinodis. FOLIA fetacea, brevia, rigidula, convoluta, erefta, glauca, obtufiufcula : Vagince longas, ftriatae, fcabriufculae, marginibus membranaceis albi- dis ; Membrana magna, acuminata, demum bifida. PANICULA divaricata; Pedunculi folitarii, in culta planta plerumque gemini, longi, ramofi, tri- fidi, glabri; Pedicelli breves, parum flexuofi ; Flores difiantes. CALYX: Gluma biflora, bivalvis, valvulis ovato-lan- ceolatis, acutis, aequalibus, albidis, nitidis, bafi fubpurpurafcentibus, fig. 1. COROLLA bivalvis, valvulas feffiles, fubasquales, calyce vix breviores, virefeentes, acutae, exteriore arifiata, fig. 2. Arifia prope bafm egrediens, refta, alba, calyce dimidio lon- gior, fig. 3. STAMINA: Filamenta 3, capillaria, longitudine fere floris; Anthers oblongae, utrinque furcatae, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum; Styli 2, patentes, plumofi, fig. 5. SEMEN fubovatum, teftum, fig. 6. denudatum. The Aira caryophyllea is found with us in fituations nearly fimilar to thofe of the Aira pracox, already figured, viz. on fandy, barren heaths, and fometimes in fallow fields ; it is not, however, to be met with in the fame profufion, nor to be found with the fame certainty. It flowers in May and June, and as it is an annual, unlefs it be fought for about its flowering feafon, it will not eafily be difcovered. Our figure reprefents the plant as it is ufually found in its wild ftate; in richer foils it grows much larger, and in tufts of a confiderable fize. We have no other Aira for which it can eafily be miftakcn, the flexuofa which frequently grows in the fame fituations is a perennial, and ufually twice or thrice as high, its fpiculas alfo are larger, and more filvery, the prcecox on the contrary is a finaller plant, and has a much clofer panicle. We never could difcover the propriety of Mr. Stillingfleet’s figuring this plant among his graffes ; what has fuch a very inlignificant annual to do with the improving of meadows and paftures ? ju-ra/ c/i/ ytmiullea/ Festuca Pratensis. Meadow Fescue-Grass. FESTUCA. Linn. Gen. PL Triandria Digynia. Cal. 2-valvis. Spicula oblonga, teretiufcula, glumis acuminatis. Raii Syn. Gen. 27. Herbae gr flore imperfecto culmifeR/E. FESTUCA pratenfs panicula fecunda obliqua, fpiculis muticis fublinearibus, foliis planis. FESTUCA elatior Linn. FI. Suec. n. gy. FESTUCA pratenjis panicula eredla, fpiculis linearibus muticis, foliis planis. Hudfon FI. Angi. ed. 1. P- 37- GRAMEN paniculatum elatius, fpicis longis, muticis, fquamolis. Raii Syn. p. 411. 16. Scheuch• Agroji. p. 202. 2. PHCENIX multiplici fpicata panicula. Branched Darnel-Gralfe. Park. Theat. p. 1145. GRAMEN loliaceum panicula multiplici et fpicata. Tourn. Inji, p. 516. Scheuch. Agroji. p. 200. 1. In the environs of London the Fejiuca pratenfis is a very common grafs, growing fpontaneoufly in fituations widely varied; we have obferved it in the fand-pits at Charlton, and the ofier grounds near Batterfea; alfo in various paftures, and by the fides of paths; but it abounds mod in fertile meadows which are moderately moift: in many parts of Batterfea meadows it may be found mod plentifully. It flowers about the middle of June; feed from a crop of it fown on ground which I occupy at Brompton, was ripe and cut by the end of the fame month. From long cultivation we have obferved this grafs continue perfeftly diffindt, and as we have found it to be a very hardy perennial, producing a great crop of defirable herbage, we have recommended it * as one of the bell of our Britifh grades. Except in dze, arifmg from luxuriance of foil, it is not fubjeff to much variation. Several authors have confounded this fpecies with the elatior, to which it certainly bears great affinity: Moris on and Ray, two of our early writers have the credit of confidering them as didincl. Ray, in his FUJI. PL has happily difplayed the character of the pratenfs, and Morison has well defcribed and figured the clatior\ it appears clearly ado from the following words, which we find at the clofe of the latter’s description of the elatior, that he regarded the pratenfs as a didindl fpecies, ///' v/ /hfi:7n’ II (rn//.s-,• (n,\-7 )v,»w ///. /K < f, /J()i. Festuca Elatior. Tall Fescue Grass. FESTUCA Linn. Gen. P/. Triandria Digynia. Cal. 2 valvis. Spicula oblonga, teretiufculaj glumis acuminatis. Rail Syn. Gen, 27. Herbae gr flore imperfecto culmiferA. FESTUCA elatior panicula decompofita, primo nutante, florente fubere&a, fpiculis ovato-lanceolatL acutis muticis, foliis planis. FESTUCA elatior panicula fecunda eredfa, fpiculis fubariftatis, exterioribus teretibus. Linn. Syft. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 118. Sp. Pl. p. 111. var. |3. Schreb. Gram. t. 2. p. 34. POA foliis latis afperis, locuftis teretibus muticis, glumarum oris membranaceis. Hali. Hijl. n. 1451* FESTUCA elatior panicula fecunda erefta ramofa, ramis binatis, fpiculis ovatis fubariftatis, foliis planis. Hudf. FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 47. GRAMEN arundinaceum aquaticum panicula avenacea. Raii Syn. ed. 3. p. 411. 14. GRAMEN paniculatum nemorofum latiore folio glabrum, panicula nutante, non ariftata. Rail Syn« A 411- 35* GRAMEN arundinaceum locuftis viridi fpadiceis loliaceis, brevius ariftatis. Scheuch. Agrojl. p. 266. GRAMEN loliaceum fpica divifa pratenfe majus. Mori/] FUJI. Ox. 111. 184. t. 2. f 15. RADIX perennis, fibris numerofis, fufcis, ramofiftimis, fubvillofts. CULMI bi-tripedales et ultra in pingui folo, ereUi, teretes, glabri, nodofi, ad bafm plerumque purpurei. FOLIA inferiora pedalia, aut fefquipedalia, tres quaterve lineas, lata, fenfim acuminata, fu- perne et ad margines fcabriufcula, ftriata, inferne carinata, nitidula, amplexicaulia, bafi ipfa e flavo virefcente; membrana breviftima truncata, caulina breviora; Vagina ftriatae, laeves. PANICULA fpithamaea, aut pedalis, primo plerumque nutans, poftea fubere&a; Rami plerumque binati, inaequales, in ramulos plerumque fub- divifi, ad bafin tumidi; Rachis angulofus, flexuofus, fcabriufculus, nitidus. SPICULAl ovato-lanceolatae, teretiufculae, viridi et purpureo variegatae, fubo&oflorae, nunc mu- ticae, jig. 2. nunc brevius ariftatae, Jig. 1. CALYX: vis, valvis inaequalibus,acuminatis, fis- 3-, COROLLA bivalvis, valvis fubaequalibus acutis, ex- teriore majore, et paulo longiore, Jig. 4. in- teriore faepe bifida, Jig. 5. STAMINA: Filamenta tria, capillaria; Anthers lineares, flavae, au6L jig. 6. PISTILLUM: G ermen obovatum, laeve; Styli duo, patentes, plumofi, Jig. 7, 8. NECTARIUM:- Glumula duae, ad bafin germinis, ovato-acuminatae, denticulo laterali acuminato plerumque inftru6lae, fig. g. ROOT perennial, furnifhed with numerous brown fibres, much branched, and (lightly villous. STALKS from two to three feet high, or more in a rich foil, upright, round, fmooth, jointed, ufually purple at the bafe. LEAVES towards the root, a foot or a foot and a half long, and three or four lines broad, gradually tapering to a point, above and on the edges roughifh, ftriated, on the under fide keeled, a little glolly, embracing the ftalk, the very bafe of a yellowilh green colour; membrane very fhort and truncated, leaves of the ftalk fhorter; Sheaths ftriated and fmooth. PANICLE from a fpan to a foot in length, at firft for the moft part drooping, becoming afterwards nearly upright; Branches generally growing in pairs, unequal, for the moft part fubdivided into fmaller ones, tumid at the bafe • Rachis angular, crooked, roughifh, gloffy. SPICULAI ovato-lanceolate, roundilh, variegated with green and purple, containing about eight flowers, fometimes without. Jig. 2. fometimes having fhort awns, Jig. i. CALYX: a Glume of two valves, which are unequal and taper to a point, Jig. 3, COROLLA compofed of two valves, the valves nearly equal, pointed, the outermoft larger and a little longer than the other, Jig. 4. the inner one often bifid, Jig. 5. STAMINA: three capillary Filaments ; Anthers linear and yellow, magnified, Jig. 6. PISTILLUM: Germen inverfely ovate, fmooth; Styles two, fpreading, feathery, Jig, 7, 8. NECTARY two finall Glumes at the bafe of the germen. ovate with a long point, ufually furnifhed on the fide with a long (lender tooth. Jig. g. The three Grafles figured in the prefent number, differ fo materially in their ufual appearance when growing wild, that from the firft we have been induced to confider them as diftinft fpecies; that we might however profit by the light which cultivation in numerous inftances throws on fpecies and varieties, we brought them into our garden, and after cultivating them many years in different foils and fituations, find ourfelves juftified in the idea originally entertained. The firft of thefe, the Fejiuca elatior, is the leaft common of the three, and with us the moft local, affe&ing and found chiefly in wet fituations, as on the edges of the rivulets proceeding from the Thames, in the ofier grounds adjoining it, and more rarely in moift meadows and woods: we have obferved it this year 1791, in great plenty in an offer-ground adjoining the Thames, nearly oppofite the phyfic-garden, Chelfea; Ray mentions it as having been found by Mr. Doody, between London and Chelfea: it grows in large tufts, and is rendered confpicuous by the breadth of its leaves, the height of its ftems, and the drooping of its panicle, at leaft before it flowers. The ftudent mull be careful not to miftake it for the Bromus hirfutus and giganteus already figured in this work, and which have fome affinity to it at leaft in point of fize. In open meadows, being in every refpedf fmaller, it is not fo diftinguifhable. It flowers about the latter end of June and beginning of July. We find it to be a hardy, perennial, and very produfifive grafs, and that it will grow on moderately dry foils better than might be expected ; we apprehend however that it is too harfh and coarle, either for hay or pafture : we recommend it neverthelefs to the notice of the Agriculturift; it probably may prove a good grafs for foils which cannot be drained of their too great moifture, or which are apt to be overflown. In very luxuriant fpots the leaves will fometimes be found half an inch wide, as Vaillant deferibes it; in general, fize excepted, we difeover very little variation in the habit or characters of this grafs: in regard to An ft a, indeed, it varies as moft other grafles are obferved to do. We have found it for the moft part beardlefs, fome authors deferibe it with, others without an Arifta, vid. Synon. Captain Dorset, who has bellowed great attention on the Britifn Grafles, fent me a fpecimen this year, gathered near Woolwich, the flowers of wdiich were all fhortly bearded. Unfortunately for the fcience. On the awn there s no reliance. We have frequently noticed it in thofe grafles, which, according to their character, flioukl not have it, and wanting where it ought to have been ; this fummer in particular, 1 obferved a plant of the Avena elatior without awns, the Angularity of which prompted me to remove its root to my garden. Our figure reprefents the Fejiuca elatior juft coming into bloom. / 1 / • j ' Jt',>/Ura /r//if/•///; Festuca Loliacea. Darnel Fescue-Grass. FESTUCA. Linn. Gen. PI. Triandria DigyniA. Cal. 2-valvis. Spicula oblonga, teretiufcula, glumis acuminatis. Rail Syn, Gen. 27. Herbie f lore imperfecto culmifer^e FESTUCA lolicea fpicata, fpiculis alternis feflilibus, compreflis muticis. Hudf. FI. Angl. ed. 1. p. 38. POA locuftis dillichis, fpicatis, muticis. Hall. FUJI. n. 1452. PHCENIX longius fpicata. Park. Theat. p. 1146. Jig. to the left f From the various appearances which this plant affumes, it may be ftyled the very Proteus of Grades; in its mod ufual form it bears a referablance to the Lolium perenne, and hence it has been confidered by fome as a variety of that plant, and as fuch it is figured by Morison ; when branched, which it frequently is, it ap- proaches near to, and has been taken for the Fcjiuca pratenfis, but it indifputably is a diftinH plant from both. With us it grows fpontaneoufly, and plentifully in moift fertile meadows. In root, ftalk, leaves, and habit, it comes fo near to the Lolium perenne as fcarcely to be diftinguilhed from it, but ufually exceeds it in height by about one third ; the flowers in general grow in a Ample fpike, from eight inches to a foot in length, bending a little towards the top ; the fpiculae are felfile, nearly an inch long, diverg- ing from and for the moll part placed obliquely to the rachis, fornetimes Handing on foot-ftalks of different lengths, the lowermoft ones about an inch long, nearly round, flattened a little on the fides, running out to a point; the uppermoft ones fhorter and fomewhat broader, containing from ten to fifteen flowers; the calyx ufually confilts of two valves unequal in fize, the innermoft frequently fmall, lateral, and fornetimes wanting; the other parts of the fruftification are very fimilar to thofe of the pratenfis and elatior. The flowers, as we before obferved, ufually grow in a Ample fpike : this fpike not unfrequcntly occurs branched; then its appearance is greatly altered, and it approaches nearer to the feffuca pratenfis ; but in that ftate it is diflinguilhed from it by the length of its fpiked panicle; molt commonly the branches grow from the bafe of the fpike, fornetimes from the middle; in Batterfea meadows, where this grafs is found abundantly, I have obferved a variety, in which the fpiculae were fhorter than ufual, and two or three of them grew together from the fame point; but the grand difficulty which the ffudent has to encounter in relation to this grafs is, when he meets with that variety of it, which having fhorter and broader fpiculae than ufual, refembles Lolium perenne fo much, as to make him ready to exclaim, “ they are the fame in this dilemma there are three cha- ra&ers, fome one of which I have never yet known to fail: firft, the fituation of the fpiculae with refpeft to the rachis; the edge of thefe in the Lolium is always parallel with the rachis, which gives the fpike a flat appear- ance ; in the loliacea they are placed more or lefs obliquely: fecondly, in the Lolium perenne there is never more than one valve to the calyx, which is a ftrong one, ufually two thirds as long as the fpicula; in the Feff. 101. there is for the moft part two, though it often happens that the inner one is very fmall, imperfeH, and fornetimes wanting altogether: but it happens very rarely indeed that the inner valve is wanting in all the fpiculae of a fpike from the fame root; ffiould this charafter fail, our depcndance muff be, thirdly, on the length of the outer valve of the calyx, which rarely is more than one third as long as the fpicula. We have dwelt thus minutely, tedioufly we fear fome may think, on thefe circumffances, from a wifh to remove all doubts refpefting this plant, and fave fuch as may honour the Flora Lond. with their perufal, from expe- riencing the difficulties and perplexities in which it has frequently involved us. The Feffuca loliacea comes into bloom about the fame time as the pratenfis, it is therefore not fo early as fome other grades ; we have found it from many years culture a hardy perennial of very quick growth, producing a larger but fomewhat fimilar crop to ray grafs, fucceeding beft in a raoift foil; it is however rather harfh and ftalky; thofe qualities excepted it wTould appear to be equal in goodnefs to fome of the beft of our pafture graffes, and as fuch we recommend it to the notice of the Agriculturift: there is one circumffance attends this grafs which we muff not omit to make known, as it highly concerns its culture, and affords a fomewhat unufual inftance of vegetable ceconomy: the cultivated plant has produced me no perfeH feeds, either at Lambeth- Marfli or Brompton ; the fame nearly may be faid of the elatior, while the pratenfis has conftantly produced good feeds in abundance. In the firft edition of Mr. Hudson’s FI. Angl. we find this Feftuca under the name of loliacea, a name highly proper, whether we confider it as referring to the Lolium perenne, which it fo much refembles, or to the affinity it bears to the genus Lolium ; for it certainly is the connefting link of the Feftuca and Lolium ; we have to regret, however, that the ingenious author fliould derogate from the merit of making it a fpecies, by confidering it in the fecond edition of the fame work as a variety of the Feftuca fluitans. Partes Fru&ificationis. Parts of Fru6lification. Fig. 1. Spicula. Fig. 1. One of the Spiculce. 2. Glumes of the Calyx. 3, 4. Corolla. 5. The NeCiaries. 6. The Stamina. 7. T/6 much fwelled at the bale, and ((retched out backwards, the lowermoft about five in number. SPICULyE fomewhat linear, containing five flowers, more or lefs, fometimes entirely green, but more often prettily variegated with white and purple, fig. i, 2, 3. CALYX : a Glume of two valves, the valves ovate, obtufe, hollow, unequal, one of them not more than half the length of the other, fig. 4. magnified. o COROLLA: corapofed of two valves, the valves nearly equal, the outer one larged, concave, a little blunt, fig. 5, the inner one ufually bifid, and, if magnified, edged on each fide with hairs, fig. 6. STAMINA: three capillary Filaments; Anthers fmall and yellow, fig. 7. PISTILLUM: Ger men inverfely ovate, fig. 8: Styles two, fpreading, branched down to the bottom, fig. 9. NECTARY : compofed of two fmall Glumes, ovate and pointed, at the bale of the germen, fig. 10. Fig. ix exhibits the fpicula of a dried fpecimen, in which the flowers are further apart, and ap- pear fomewhat truncated at top. It is rather matter of admiration, that this Grafs fhould have efcaped the notice of Mr. Ray, fince it is common in paflures and by road fides on all our fea-coafts, at leal! where we have travelled ; like the P/antago maritima and fome other plants, it is not confined to maritime fituations; for, to my great aflonifhment, I found it, July 1786, among the graffy herbage on the right-hand fide of the horfe-road leading up the hill to Hampftead in tolerable plenty. Though, at firfl fight, it bears a near refemblance to the Poa annua, and for which I have no doubt but it is often miflaken,, a difcerning eye will readily perceive a difference at a diftance, and a clofe examination will difcover abundant matter to confirm it. As it ufually grows, it is confiderably taller than the Poa annua, its leaves are narrower in proportion, and much more glaucous, its fpiculae alfo are much narrower as well as longer, and, of courfe, contain many more florets; thefe are for the moff part prettily variegated with pale green and purple ; but the grand character which diffinguifhes it from the Poa annua, and, as far as we have obferved from all the other Poas, is to be drawn from the branches of the panicle ; thefe, as the plant goes out of bloom, are refle&ed or flretched out backwards, fo as fometimes to touch the culmus or main flem. On examining into the caufe of this, I found it was effefted by little tubercles at the bafe of the branches on their upper fides only, which increafing in fize as the plant advanced in its flowering, forced them backwards. The peculiarity of this charaHer induced us to adopt a name expreflive of it, notwithstanding we had flrong reafons to fuppofe our plant the Poa dijtans of Linnaeus, a term exprefling very diftamly indeed any chara£ler of the plant. Mr, Hudson gives a particular defcription of this Grafs, but confiders it as a variety only of the Air a aquatica: what could induce him to form fuch an opinion, is difficult to fay, we can affure our readers, that fix years culture has made no alteration in the appearance of the Poa retrojlexa. f here does not appear to be fufficient merit in this Grafs to recommend it for agricultural purpofcs. It flowers from June to September, t rr// rrr. ///Vr v/ ////rstj Poa Procumbens. Procumbent Meadow-Grass. PGA. Linn. Gen. PI. Triandria Digynia. Cal. 2-valvis multiflorus. Spiculce ovatae, valvis margine fcariofis acutiufculis. Rail Syn. Gen. 27. Herb.e grAminifoli/e, flore imperfecto culmiferas. POA procumbens culmis inflexo-procumbentibus, panicula fecunda rigida; fpiculis fublinearibus, fubquinquefioris ; flofculis obtufis bafi piiofis. RADIX perennis, fibrofa. CULMI plures, palmares, femipedales et ultra, bi, trinodes* plerumque procumbentes, foliofi, laeves, fuperne compreffi. ROOT perennial, and fibrous, STEMS many, from four to fix inches or more in length, having two or three joints, for the moll part procumbent, leafy, fmodth, flattened towards the panicle. LEAVES glaucous, ihort, two lines broad, fcored, when viewed with a magnifier appearing to be thickly covered with roughilh tranfparent dots, the edge very minutely fawed ; Mem- brane fliort, embracing the flalk, white, fome- what pointed ; Sheath of the leaves glolfy on the infide, the furface on the outlide the FOLIA glauca, brevia, lineas duas lata, lineata, ad lentem punclis diaphanis fubafperis confertis utrinque adfperfa, margine minutiflime fer- rulata; Ligula brevis, amplexicaulis, alba, acutiufcula; Fagina foliorum intus nitida, extus fuperficies eadem ut in foliis. fame as that of the leaves. FLOWERS in a panicle. PANICLE about two inches long, rigid, fomewhat ovate, and now and then bent a little back- FLORES paniculati. PANICULA fubbiuncialis, rigida, fubovata, deorfum fubinde flexa, fubfecunda, ramofa, ramis bi- natis inaequalibus, exteriore majore, fpicula fimplici in ramis inferioribus plerumque me- dio inter ramos pofita, in fpeciminibus minus luxuriantibus fpicula locum ramuli obtinet. wards, turning chiefly to one fide, branched, the branches growing in pairs, unequal, the outer one larged, in the lower branches a fingle fpicula is mod commonly placed in the middle betwixt them, in impoverished fpeci- mens a fpicula often holds the place of a branch. PEDUNCLES : the common peduncles round, naked, crooked, marked at the bafe on the upper fide with a glandular kind of fubdance. RACHIS round, fmooth, with two grooves on the infide. S PICULAE in the larger branches about fix in number, in the finaller ones four, feflile, containing about five flowers, fomewhat linear', roundilh, flightly flattened, placed at equal didances from each other. PEDUNCULI communes, teretes, nudi, flexuofi, fub- flantia glandulofa ad bafin fuperne notata. RACHIS teres, laevis, interne bifulca. SPICULAT, in ramis majoribus fex circiter, in minori- bus quatuor, fefliles, fubquinqueflorae, fub- linearcs, comprelfo-teretiufculae, aequidiltantes. FLOSCULI obtufi, ad bafin piloli. CALYX : G/utna bivalvis, valvulis inaequalibus, viridi- bus, albo marginatis, obtufiufculis, Jig. 1. FLORETS obtule, hairy at the bafe. CALYX: a Glu?ne of two valves, the valves unequal, green, edged with white, and fomewhat blunt, Jig. 1. COROLLA : a Glume of two valves, the valves fome- COROLLA : Gluma bivalvis, valvis fubsequalibus, ex- teriore majore quinquenervi, interiore anguf- tiore binerve, nervis ciliatis, fig. 2. what equal, the outer one largell and five- ribbed, the inner one narrowed and two- ribbed, the ribs edged with hairs, fig. 2. STAMINA: three capillary Filaments ; Anthers: oblong, and yellow, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen obovate, of a pale green colour; Styles two, fpreading and ramified quite to the bafe, fig, 5. NECTARY; two fmall tranfparent Glumes, tumid and flelhy at the bafe, a little longer than the germen, fig. 4. SEED oblong, frnooth, enclofed in the glumes, fig. 6. STAMINA: Filamenta tria capillaria; Anthers oblongae, flavae, Jig. 3. PISTILLUM : Ge rmen obovatum, pallide virens; Styli duo, patentes ad bafin ufque ramofi, fis- 5- NECTARIUM: Glumulce duae, diaphanae, bafi tumi- dae carnofae, germine paulo longiores, jig. 4. SEMEN oblongum, laeve, glumis inclufum, jlg. 6. In the Autumn of 1793, having occafion to be at Brlftol, I fpent great part of a day in examining the plants of the Famous St. Vincents Rock, adjoining Clifton-Wells ; and at the foot of the rock, on the edge of the river Severn, I obferved a tuft of grafs, with a few panicles of ripe feed on it, alfuming a different appearance to any grafs I had been accuflomed to fee : I fought for more of it about the fame fpot, but without fuccefs; flattering myfelf that it might turn out to be a new fpecies, I took up the only root there was, and gathered the feeds, planting the one, and lowing the other, in my garden at Brompton; the next feafon it flowered with me, and gave me an opportunity of difcovering that it was a fpecies of Poa, perfedlly diflinT from all our others. In its general habit it comes near to Poa annua, it bears an affinity alio to Poa rigida ; but from both thofe, as well as from all our other Poa’s, it is diflinguifhed by many curious and interefling particulars. One of the rnofl ftriking chambers of this grafs is to have its ftalks for the moll part procumbent; but this procumbence, if we may be allowed the expreffion, does not appear to originate in the ufual way, from the weaknefs of the ffalk, but from its being*bent downward at a joint near its bafe; as every flem is not thus a6led on, fome of them are frequently found nearly upright: the foliage of this plant is of a glaucous hue, and, if examined with a magnifier, is found to be covered with numerous rough particles of a filvery hue ; the panicle has a greater degree of rigidity than that of Poa annuai the fpiculae are much longer, lefs flat, and more regularly diflant from each other, and each floret is ciliated at its bafe ; fuch are the moll'obvious differences ; many others may be difcovered from an attention to the defcription. Not fatisfied with having found a fingle fpecimen of this plant, we delayed publifhing this account, hoping that it might be found more abundantly elfewhere ; in the beginning of Augufl an opportunity of making this difcovery fortunately prefented itfelf. Sir Thomas Frankland, an early and warm encourager of the Flora Londinerfis, which in many points has been improved by his friendly and judicious observations, fent me, from Clifton (where he then was on a vifit) fome feeds and fpecimens of plants gathered near that fpot; I immediately wrote to him, and enclofmg a fpecimen of my Poa, requeffed him to fearch for it; on the 7th of the fame month I received a letter from him, containing fpecimens of the fame grafs, with the following defirable information: “ I had fortunately noticed “ the grafs you enclofed in your letter, which grows in fome plenty in the inundated parts of the waffe ground well of the wet dock, below Clifton ; it leemed moll like Poa rigida, its habit was new to me, and I fuppofed it a variety of that grafs.” In a letter afterwards, Sir Thomas informs me, that he had found the fame grafs abundantly on the Pier at Scarborough ; and we have lately been informed, that it has been found on the Elfex Coall. Culture produces little alteration in its appearance; it grows readily from feed, and flowers during mod of the Summer: from the fame root, which is clearly perennial, we have, as in Poa annua, young fhoois and ripe feeds. Agrostis Setacea. Sheep’s Fescue-Leaved Agrostis. AG ROSTIS. Linn, Lem PL Triandria D i g y n i a . Cal. 2-valvis, i-florus, corolla paulo minor. Stigmata longitudinaliter hifpida. Rail Sym Gem 27, Herbie graminifolhe flore imperfecto culmifer^e. AGROSTIS fctacea foliis fetaceis, culmb credo. AGROSTIS canina v. y foliis fetaceis rigidis glaucis, culmo credo. FLudf. FI. AngL ed. 2. p. 31. AVENA monantha, paniculata, foliis fetaceis, gluma calycina exafperata; arifta flore duplo longiore. Hall. Hifi. n. 1478. GRAMEN parvum paniculatum alpinum panicula fpadicea ariftatura. Scheuchz. Agrofi. p. 140. 1. Prod. p. 22. t. iv. AGROSTIS alpina. Diagm unum petalum truncatum aut bifidum; b ball promit ariflam bafi recurvatum. Scop. FI. Carm ed. 2. p. 61. RADIX perennis;, fibrofa. ( FOLIA radicalia numerofaj fafciculata, glauca, rigi- ( dula, fetacea, teretiufcula, hinc fulcata, bad ' vaginis inclufa, ligula alba, erehla, indru&a, ( caulina pauca, fubulata, foliis radicalibus ( paulo latiora, eredla, fefunciam longa. i ( 1 1 CULMI plureSj fpithamaei, pedales et ultra, fubere&i, trinodes, fcabriufculi, praefertim fuperne. PANICULA bi-triuncialis, fubcoardlata, tandem fpi- ciformis. CALYX ; G luma bivalvis, valvis lanceolatis, acumf natis, fubacqualibus, carina ad lentem fcabrU ufcula, purpurafcentibus, fig. I. COROLLA bivalvis, glumis calycinis brevior, valvula exteriore majore, longitudine fere calycis, nervofa, nervis duobus plerumque longioribus, hinc apice bifida, fig. 2; aridata, arida e bafi valvulae, et ejufdem fere longitudinis, primo refta, fig. 3 ; demum geniculata, valvula in- terior, minima, fig. 4; planiufcula, diaphana, vix germine longior, bafi utrinque fafciculo minimo pilorum indruhta, fig. 3. STAMINA: Filamenta tria, capillaria ; Anthers bifurcae, purpureae, fig. 7. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum; Styli duo, pa- tentes, ad bafin ufque plumofi, fig. 8. NECTARIUM : Glumul.e duo, lanceolatae, acumi- natae, fig. 6. ROOT perennial, and fibrous. LEAVES, thofe next the root numerous, growing in bundles, glaucous, fomewhat rigid, bridle- fhaped, roundifh, grooved on one fide, at their bale enclofed in (heaths, furnifhed with a white ereft membrane, thofe of the (lalk few, fubulate, a little broader than the radical leaves, upright, an inch and a half in length. STEMS feveral, from a fpan to a foot or more in length, nearly upright, having ufually three knots, roughifh, efpecially on the upper part, PANICLE two or three inches long, fomewhat clofed, finally fpike-like. CALYX : a Glume of two valves, the valves lanceo- late, long-pointed, nearly equal, the keel rough when magnified, purplilh, fig. i. COROLLA of two valves, (horter than the glumes of the calyx, the outer valve larged, nearly the length of the calyx, ribbed, two of the ribs ufually longer than the red, which gives to the tip a bifid appearance, fig. 2; awned, awn fpringing from near the bafe of the valve, and nearly of the fame length, at fird draight, fig. 3; finally jointed, the inner valve very minute, fig. 4; fcarcely longer than the germen, furnifhed at its bafe on each fide with a very minute tuft of hairs, fig- 5■ STAMINA: three Filaments, capillary; Anthers purple, fg. 7. PISTILLUM: Germen ovate; Styles two, fpread- ing, feathery quite to the bafe, fig. 8. NECTARY: two minute Glumes, lanceolate, long- pointed, fig. 6. In the feveral catalogues of plants publiflied by me at different periods, I have long fince given to this very didind fpecies of Agrodis the name of fietacea, or Sheep's feficuc-leaved, the foliage being much finer than that of any other of our Britifli fpecies, and confiderably refembling that of the Sheep’s Fefcue grafs ; regarding this name as more expreflive than that of alpina, which was perhaps previoufly given it by Scopoli, lam not inclined to alter it, more efpecially as Gmelin has alfo an alpina, which, if we pay any regard to his figure of reference, is not our plant. The fird information I received of this grafs was from my Gardener, Robert Squibb, who fent me up fome tufts of it from Piddletown-Heath, Devonfhire, where his relations lived; I have fince found it to be one of the mod common plants of that county, and Cornwall, there being fcarcely a heath in either on which it does not abound ; I have found it alfo plentifully on Bagfhot-Heath, but not in the neighbourhood of London; Lord Gainsborough obferved it near Lymington, Hampfliire. It flowers in July and ripens its feeds in Augud. Readily as it grows in its wild date, I have not been able to keep it alive in my garden without planting it in bog earth, and bedowing unufual care on it. The peculiarity of its place of growth, the finenefs of its glaucous leaves, the clofenefs of its panicle, the length of its arida:, fo clofely embraced is one of the valves of the calyx as to appear at fird as if proceeding from it, which we have never obferved to be wanting, joined to other charablers noticed in the defeription, fufliciently point it out to the mod common obferver. As an agricultural plant, it docs not appear to have much to recommend it; where it abounds, it mud condkute much of the Iheep feed. * Jr/s /rra f/7/Z////// /'/ 7V/ ///. Galium Verum. Yellow Ladies-Bedstraw. Linn, Gen, PL Tetrandria Monogynia. Cor, monopetala, plana. *S'em. duo, fubrotunda. Fail Syn. Gen, 12, Herbie Stellate. GALIUM verum foliis oftonis linearibus fulcatis, ramis floriferis brevibus. Linn, Syfi. Vegetal, ed, 14. Murr. p, 150. Sp. Pl. p. 355. GALIUM foliis linearibus, peranguflis, oftonis, racemis multifloris, fpicatis. Hali. Hi fi, n. 710. Scop, FI. Carn, n. 153. GALLIUM luteum. Bauh. Pin. p. 335. Ger. emac, 1126. Park. 565. Rail Syn. p, 224. Yellow Ladies-Bedflraw, or Checfe-Rening. Hudf. fi. Angi. ed. 2. p. 6g. RADIX perennis, repens, tenuis, fublignofa, lutea. CAULIS pedalis, ad bipedalem, ereftus, obfolete te- tragonus, parum flexuofus, geniculatus, fca- ber, inferne minus fuperne magis pubefcens, pallide viridis, verfus fummitatem ramofus ; Genicula cylindracea, fubovata, albida, mar- gine tenui cinfta; Rami brachiatim oppofiti, alterni multo breviores, patulo-ere&i, floriferi. FOLIA fubpollicaria, margini genicularum inferta, feflilia, verticillata, reflexo-patula, linearia, obtufiufcula, fubmucronulata, bafi attenuata, margine utrinque revoluto, aculeifque minu- tis oculo armato tantum confpicuis furfum afpero, fupra rugofiufcula, obfcure viridia, nitentia, fubtus canaliculata, pallidiora, in- feriora plerumque o6fona, non raro dena, fuperiora leptena, fena, quina, quaterna, fu- prema terna, bina, et ad ultimos pedicellos fingula. FLORES paniculati, numerofi, parvuli, flavi, peculi- ari odore fragrantes. PANICULA e ramis floriferis compofita, fpithamea, et ultra, interrupta, ramofa, ramis multifloris, inaequalibus, foliofis, foliolis pedicellorum folitariis. CALYX vix confpicuus, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, rotata, patens, ungue nulla; laciniis quatuor, planis, fubreflexis, difianti- bus, ovalibus, acutis, fig. 2. STAMINA : Fi lamenta 4, capillaria, eredla, co- rolla breviora; Antheree rotundatae, flavae, perafto officio fufcellae, fig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen fubrotundum, didymum, compreffum, glabrum ; Stylus profunde bipartitus ; Stigmata capitata, fig. 4, 3, 6. PERICARPIUM : B acCjE duae, ficcae, globofae, coa- litae. SEMINA folitaria, fubreniformia, rugofa. ROOT perennial, creeping, {lender, fomewhat woody, of a yellow colour. STALK from one to tvvo feet high, upright, {lightly four-cornered, a little crooked, jointed, rough, below {lightly, above more obvioufly pubef- cent, of a pale green colour, branched to- wards the top ; the joints cylindrical, fome- what ovate, whitifh, lurrounded with a {light margin ; Branches crols-ways oppofite, the alternate ones much the fhorteft, betwixt up- right and fpreading, flower-bearing. LEAVES about an inch in length, inferted into the edge of the joints, feffile, whorled, fpreading and fomewhat turned back, linear, bluntifh, with a {light point, narrowed at the bafe, the edge on each fide rolled back, and rough with minute prickles turned upwards, which are vifible only with a magnifier, above (lightly wrinkled, of a deep green colour, glolfy, underneath hollowed, of a paler colour, the lowermoff growing ufually eight in a whorl, not unfrequently ten, the upper ones decreafing to 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and even 1 at the extremities of the branches. FLOWERS growing in a panicle, numerous, fmall, yellow, fragrant with a peculiar odour. PANICLE compofed of the flowering branches, about a fpan in length, interrupted, branched, branches many-flowered, unequal, leafy, the fmall leaves of the pedicles fingle. CALYX fcarcely vifible. Jig. 1. COROLLA monopetalous, wheel-fhaped, fpreading, without any claw, divided into four fegments, which are flat, a little turned back, diftant, oval, and pointed. Jig. 2. STAMINA: four capillary Filaments,upright, (horter than the corolla; Anthers roundifli, yel- low, finally brownifh, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen nearly round, double, flat- tened, fmooth ; Style deeply divided into two; Stigmata two little 4, 5, 6. SEED-VESSEL: two, dry, globular BERRIES united together. SEEDS fingle, fomewhat kidney-fhaped and wrinkled. Grows plentifully in the neighbourhood of London* in dry hilly pafiures, and on the borders of fields, flowering in June, July, and Auguft. ▼r r 1 f i Vi» n i • i « i i i ■* • - /> We have feen the foliage of this plant, when all the furrounding herbage has been parched up, fupport the finefl; verdure ; perhaps on this account it may be cultivated to advantage on fuch lawns as are apt in dry feafons to ee difclofe an arid hue.:> An ingenious gentleman converfant in dying, aflured me that it was a plant highly deferving of culture, as an article in that bufinefs; for that the roots, though not fo large as thofe of Madder, produced a brighter colour; and that the whole of the herbage dyed a good yellow, in which refpedf it had the advantage over Madder. The flowers of this plant have a moderately ffrong, not difagreeable fmell, the leaves little or none: they both difeover to the tafte a fenfible acidity, which they mamfefl alio by changing the juices of blue flowers to a red, and by coagulating boiling milk : they are laid to be in fome places commonly made ufe of in this lafl intention, whence one of the common names of the plant Cheeje rennet. Their acid matter appears to be (if Bo r rig muss experiment is to be depended on) of a more fubtle kind than that of Sorrel, and than the other native vegetable acids that have been examined; the flowery tops committed to the ftili as foon as gathered, giving over a pretty flrong acid liquor in a moderate heat, wherein Sorrel yielded only an infipid phlegm. The reftringent and refrigerating virtues aferibed to this plant appear from thefe experiments to have forne foundation. Lewiss Mat. Med. p. When it diffufes a flronger odour than common, it denotes, according to Loesel, rainy and tempeftuous weather. This plant is fubjedl to a difeafe, in which the Hera and branches are fet with flefhy balls, about the fize of a pea, hollow within, and covered with a purplifh fkin. Withering. , nucul /'ff/y //r 3’ 4- STAMINA et Piflillum uti in Acauli, fig. 5, 6. STAMINA and Piflillum as in the Primrofe, fig. 5, 6, In fpeaking of the Primrofe, we had occafion to notice the place of growth, and time of flowering of the Cowflip ; refpefting the latter, we may add, that it is found in moift meadows, as well as upland pafiures, and the borders of fields, and fometimes in that abundance as. confiderably to diminifh their produce; hence, with all our partiality for this univerfal favourite, we hefitate not to pronounce it a plant noxious in agriculture; for, by the fpreading of its leaves, it occupies much ground, while its produce is infignificant, and not relifhed by cattle, vid. Pan, Suec. ...... , , It retains its charadter when introduced into the garden, colour excepted, which it has a tendency to change, firfl to an orange brown, or tawny, and finally to a deep red; Mr. Moone, who has long cultivated it, amidff a profufion of rare and valuable plants, in his garden, Hyde-Park, affures me, that it has conflantly undergone this and no other change with him. . ro,j ui a k* t. Both Gerard and Parkinson, figure a variety of it wnth bloffoms perfectly double, and which appears to have been common in our wardens when they wrote, though extremely fcarce, if exifting now; we poffefs a hofe and hofe variety with yellow, and another with deep fcarlet olofloms, almoli equal in beauty to thofe of the Cyrilla pulchella,, and we have had one plant of the common Cowflip, which from the fame root produced fome flowers on peduncles, and others on a fcapus. The bloflbms of the Cowflip, in its wild flate, ufually hang to one fide; this appearance has in part been noticed even by Poets (who, in general, have not fufficiently attended to the works of Nature) thus Thomson in his Seafons, Spring, line 443. ‘Then feek the hank where flowering Elders crowd. Where flattered wild the Lily of the vale Its balmy eflfence breathes, where Cowslips hang The dewy head, where purple Violets lurk. And Milton, in his Lycidas, Bring the rathe primrofe that forfaken dies, The tufted crow-toe, and pale jeflfamine. The white pink, and the panfle freakt with jet. The glowing violet. The mujk-rofe, and the well-attired woodbine. With Cowslips wan that hang the pensive head. And every flower that fad embroidery wears : Bid amaranthus all his beauty Jhed, And daffaddhes Jill their cups with tears. To flrew the laureat hearfe where Lycid lies. We have here quoted more than was barely neceffary for our purpofe, as it gives us an opportunity of junifying the remark above made; the glaring anachronifm, if we may be allowed the expreflion, in the blowing of fuch plants, as Poets frequently bring together, has often appeared to us highly reprehenfible, efpecially in thof whofe grand defign has been to reprefent the appearances, the oeconomy, and the wonders of Nature in elegant verfe; every lad educated in the country knows that the Violet, the Cowflip, and the Elder, flower at very diftant periods; it is therefore extraordinary that Thomson, above all others, (hould group fuch plants, when innumerable others prefented themfelves : from Milton fuch accuracy was not perhaps to be expe&ed; we are not therefore, to be much furprifed at his bringing together the Primrofe and the Jeflfamine, the produce of fpring and fummer. Thefe remarks are not offered from a fondnefs for criticifm, or from a defire of detrading from works which have afforded us fuch exquifite pleafure; nor are thefe feleded as the only authors in which fuch anachronifms are to be met with, they abound in rnoft poetry, and (hould, as much as poflible, be avoided ; for though they may not be noticed by the generality of readers, they muff be regarded as blemiflies at lead by fuch as are accuftomed to view the works of nature with any degree of accuracy. We notice with more pleafure an inftance, the reverie of what we have thought it our duty to cenfure: Shakespear has deferibed the bloflbms of the Cowflip with a degree of accuracy almoft botanical, and has (hewn how pleafing the mod trifling appearances in natural hiftory may be rendered by an imagination like his. The Cowflips tall, her penfloners be. In their gold coats fpots you fee, Thofe be rubies, fairy favours, In thofe freckles live their favours, I mufl go feek fome dew drops here. And hang a pearl in every Covflip’s ear. The bloflbms of this plant, in point of colour, are pleaflngly and truly contrafled by Milton : The yellow Cowslip, and the pale Primrose Linn/Eus gave to this plant, which he regarded as a mere-variety of the Primrofe, the name of officinalis, and which Profeflor Jacquin, and many other refpeHable Botanifts, confidering it as a fpecies, have continued; it being more frequently ufed in medicine than any other of the genus. “ Cowflip flowers have a moderately ftrong, pleafant fmell, and a fomewhat roughifh, bitterifli tafle, both which they impart, together, with a yellow tinHure, to watery and to fpirituous menftrua. Vinous liquors impregnated with their flavour, by maceration, or fermentation, and ftrong infufions of them drank as tea, are fuppofed to be mildly corroborant, antifpafmodic, and anodyne. An infufion of three pounds of the frefli flowers in five pints of boiling water, is made in the (hops into a fyrup of a fine yellow colour, and agreeably impregnated with the flavour of the Cowflips.” Lewis M. Med. ed. Aik. Many good houfewives in the country are in the pra&ice of making a wine with Cowflip flowers, to be ufed rather as a medicine than an exhilarant; for a general opinion prevails, that they poffefs a fomniferous quality: hence, Pope, in his imitations of Horace’s Satires, fays ludicroufly. If the nights feem tedious■—take a wife, Or rather, truly, if your point be reft. Lettuce and Cowflip wine—Probatum eft. In the Gentleman’s Magazine, Vol. 58. there are fome pleafing lirles on the Cowflip, by a gentleman of the name of Flomer, whole poetical efluflons have often enriched that valuable Mifcellany; with an extract from which we fhall clofe our account of this plant. Cowflip, of all belovkl, of all admir’d. Thee let me ling, the homely fhepherd s pride; Fit emblem of the maid I love, a form Gladdening the fight of man; a fweet perfume. Sending its balmy fragrance to the foul. Daughter of Spring and meffenger of May, Which fhall I firfl declare, which moll extol, Thy fovereign beauties, or thy fovereign ufe ? With thee the rural dame a draught prepares, A ne&arous draught, more lufcious to my tafle Than all thy boafled trafh, vine-nurturing France. Maidens with thee their auburn trelfes braid ; Or, with the daily and the primrofe pale, Thy flowers entwining, weave a chaplet fair, To grace that pole round which the village train Lead on their dance to greet the jocund May; Jocund I’ll call it, for it lends a fmile Fo thee, who never fmil’fl: but once a year; I name thee not, thou poor unpitied wretch! Of all defpis'd*, fave him whofe liberal heart ► Taught him to feel your wrongs, and plead your caufe, I Departed Han way Peace be to his foul! h Great is that man who quits the path of fame, . Who, wealth forfaking, lloops his towering mind From learnings heights, and ftretches out his arm To raife from dull the meanefl of his kind. Now that the Mule to thee her debt has paid. Friend of the poor and guardian of the wrong’d. Back let her pleas’d return, to view thofe fports, Whofe rude fimplicity has charms for me Beyond the ball or midnight mafquerade : Oft on that merry morn I’ve join'd their throng, A glad fpe6lator; oft their uncouth dance Ey’d moll attentive ; when, with tawdry (hew, 111-forted ribbons deck’d each maiden’s cap. And Cowflip-garlands every ruftic hat: Who that has eyes to lee or heart to feel. Would change this Ample wreath which fhepherds wear, Ev’n for that golden circle which furrounds The temples of a king ? * The Chimney-Sweeper. O/) / _ / n/f/aw Primula Ac aulis. Primrose. PRIMULA. Linn. Gen. PI. Pentandria MonogyNia. Involucr. Umbellulae. Corolla tubus cylindricus : ore patulo. Rail Syn. Gen. 18. Herbie eructu sicco singulari flore monopetaLO. PRIMULA ac aulis foliis rugofis, dentatis, fubtus hirfutis; fcapis unidoris. Jucq. Mific. Aufir. p. 138* PRIMULA vulgaris foliis dentatis rugofis fcapo fubunidoro, limbo corollae plano. Hudf. FI. Angi, ed. 2. p. 83. PRIMULA foliis dentatis rugods pedunculis radicalibus unidoris, limbo corollarum plano. Kram. Flench, p. 42. PRIMULA veris var y acaulis, fcapo nullo. Finn. Sp. Pl. p. 204. S\fi. Vegetal, ed. 14. Murr. p. ip2. FI. Suce. 171. PRIMULA fiylvefins. Scopo/i FI. Carn. n. 204. PRIMULA foliis hirfutis, rugofis, dentatis ; fcapis unidoris. Haller Hifi. n. 608* VERB ASCULUM fylvarum majus lingulari dore. Bauh. Pin. 241. PRIMULA veris pallido dore humilis. Clufi. Hifi. p. 302. PRIMULA veris minor. Ger. Heri. 636. PRIMULA veris vulgaris. Park. Th. p. 535. Raii Syn. p. 284* Common Primrofe. RADIX perennis, obliqua, praemorfa, fquamis craflis rubentibus a foliis pneteritis relidis obteda ; emittens fibras copiofas, praelongas, teretes, albidas. Odor fingularis fere anifi. CAULIS nullus. FOLIA fubpalmaria, erediufcula, oblongo-ovata, bafi attenuata, obtufa, venofa, rugofa, fupra laevia, fubtus hirfuta, margine parum revoluta, leviter undulata, inaequaliter crenata ; coda albida, in petiolum canaliculatum carinatum ruben- tem definente. STIPULyE fubunciales, acuminatae, ad bafin pedun- culorum. FLORES eredi, numerofi, pallide fulphurei, majuf- culi, fuaveolentes. PEDUNCULI eredi, foliis paulo breviores, uniflori, teretes, hirfuti, pallide virentes, ex ipfa radice progredientes, poft florefeentiam de- flexi. CALYX: Perianthium i-phyllum, perfidens, ob- longum, tubulofum, plicato -pentagonum, pilofum, 5-dentatum, dentibus acuminatis, apice inflexis, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, tubulofa; tubus cylindra- ceus, calyce longior, driatus, nitidus, limbus quinquepartitus, patens, laciniis obeordatis, emarginatis, bad macula dellaeformi flava notatis ; faux obfolete coronata, fig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta 5, breviflima, intra tubum corollae, fig. 4. aut ad faucem ejus pofita, fig. 3. Anthers eredae, oblongae, flavae, fubtrigonae, fig. 5. conniventes. PISTILLUM : Germen fuperum, fubglobofum, gla- brum, fig. 6. Stylus filiformis, tubo ple- rumque brevior, fig. 7. Stigma globofum, A- 8. ROOT perennial, oblique, flumped at the befet with thick reddifh fcales, the remains of the pafl leaves, fending down numerous, very long, round, whitifh fibres; its fmell fingular, fomewhat like that of anife. STALK none. LEAVES about a hand’s breath in length, nearly upright, oblong-ovate, tapering to the bafe* blunt, veiny, wrinkled, fmooth above, hirfute beneath, the edge (lightly roiled back, (lightly waved, unequally notched, the midrib whitifh, terminating in a footdalk of a reddifh colour, hollow on one fide, and keeled on the other. STIPULTI about an inch in length, long-pointed, at the bafe of the flower-balks. FLOWERS upright, numerous, of a pale fulphur colour, rather large and fweet-feented. FLOWER-STALKS upright, a little (horter than the leaves, one-flowered, round, hirfute, of a pale green colour, proceeding from the root itfelf, after the flowering is over, bending back. CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, permanent, oblong, tubular, folded, and forming five angles, hairy, /5-toothed, teeth long-pointed, bending in at the tip, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetalous, tubular; the tube cylin- drical, longer than the calyx, ftriated, and glofly ; limb quinquepartite, fpreading, the (egments obeordate, emarginate, marked at the bafe with a ftar-fhaped yellow fpot, the mouth marked with a faint rim, fig. 2. STAMINA: five Filaments, very (hort, placed either within the tube of the corolla, fig. 4. or at its mouth, fig. 3. Anther a: upright, oblong, yellow, fomewhat three-corner’d, fig. 5. doling together. PISTILLUM : Germen above the bafe of the calyx, nearly globular, fmooth, fig. 6. Style fili- form, ufually (horter than the tube, fig, 7. Stigma round, jig. 8. Primula veris appears to have been a kind of general, or generic name given by many of the ancient Botanifls to the Primrofe, Cowfiip, and Oxlip ; yet is mod applicable to the Primrofe, as a flower of the fpring ; they regarded thefe plants as fo many dillind fpecies, and fuch they were in general conlidered till Linnaeus ventured to maintain a contrary opinion, an opinion which comparatively (peaking, few of his followers have acquiefced in : partial as we are to the tranfcendent merits of that great man, we cannot agree with him in this inftance, without deftroying, as we apprehend, all limits of fpecific diftindion. The mod driking charader of the Primrofe confids in its mode of dowering, each blodbm growing on a (ingle peduncle, which fprings from the root; Linnaeus afferts that the peduncles fpring from a fcapus, as in the Cowdip, though it be fo (hort as not to appear above ground, and from this circumdance principally, he maintains that the Primrofe is only a variety ; or, in other words, that the Primrofe, the Cowdip, and the Oxlip are one and the fame fpecies. We will not deny the exidence of fuch a dalk as Linnaeus defcribes; in examining a vad number of thefe plants, we have found it in a few, but it certainly is not general in the wild plant; we are ready, however, to admit more than the exidence of this (hort fcapus ; the plant when cultivated will fometimes throw up a dalk dmilar to that of the Polyanthus, and of this my very good friend Dr. Buxton, of Greenwich, has favoured me with a driking indance ; Primrofes in their wild date introduced to his Garden at Maize-Hill, a few years fmce, now produce dowers, both with and without a fcapus, are indeed become, colour excepted, perfed Polyanthufes ;in my own garden the white hofe in hofe Primrofe produces early in the fpring, dowers on peduncles, and afterwards dowers on a fcapus, or, to fpeak in the language o( the dorid, dowers in a trufs, but dill they have the foliage and the dowers of the true Primrofe; the Cowdip and the Oxlip, on the contrary, fometimes produce dowers on peduncles, as well as on a fcapus, of which I now have alfo indances in my garden ; but what do all thefe prove ? why that the Primula, like moll other plants, is fubjeft to the fportings of nature, and which are no more to be regarded than the uncommon colours of a flower; the root or the flalk of a plant may be equally fubjeft to vary as the bloffom, and thofe who cultivate plants fee frequent inftances of it: I once had a daify which became caulefcent, that is, its peduncle became a flalk which threw out many peduncles bearing flowers, the terminal one of which was proliferous, but no one from fuch an uncommon inflance would infer that the acaulis character of the daify was invalidated ; it is juff. fo in my humble opinion with regard to the Primrofe, in general the peduncles fpring fingly from the root, and in forming its fpecific charadter we muft be guided by their ufual and genuine appearance. Befides the finking character drawn from the inflorefcence, a very material difference is obfervable in other parts of the plant, betwixt it and the Cowflip at leaft ; to fay nothing of the leaves, which have been noticed by Ray in a contrafled point of view, vid. Syn. ed. 3. p. 283. how different is the corolla in fize and fhape, and how very different is the calyx ? In their natural place of growth, and time of flowering, we obferve a very material difference betwixt thefe two plants ; the Primrofe loves fhelter, and the light umbrage of deciduous trees, through the leaflefs fprays of which it may enjoy the vernal fun, and when its flowering is over, be fhaded from its too potent rays by the expanding foliage ; hence we find it mofl commonly in woods, copies, hedge-rows, at the foot of hedges, and in flickered lanes, where it is one of the lirft of our plants which awakens to the genial warmth of the fun, and welcomes the returning year; if the feafon be mild it will flower from March to May, its higheft ffate of bloom is with that of the Wood Anemone ; it is alfo much difpofed to in the autumn, and even during winter if the weather be not fevere ; the Cowflip very rarely manifefts a difpofition of this fort, contented once to fhew its freckled bloom; inftead of woods and their attendant fhade, this muff be fought for in open paffures, and meadows, where it courts that degree of fun which would prove fatal to the Primrofe, it flowers in May with the early Jpotted Orchis. (Orchis mafcula). The ufual colour of the Primrofe bloffom is pale fulphur, in fome parts of the kingdom they are faid to be found wild of a purple hue ; to enumerate all the varieties which have fprting from accident, or culture, would afford little entertainment or infiru£lion ; fuffice it to fay that many of them are very ornamental, and highly deferving of our care ; the following are the raoft ftriking varieties which I have yet had it in my power to cultivate, the single white flowered, the paper white, which Mr. Miller fays, without affigning any reafon, is certainly a diftinft fpecies, the red or purple of various fhades, the hofe in hofe ; the double yellow, the deep velvet red, the pale red, or jlejh-coloured; the white and the dingy purple, called bv fome the Scotch Primrofe ; all thefe are charming ornaments for the ffirubbery, the fix lafl are plants of fome value, and duplicates of them fhould be kept, in pots, which during fummer muff be placed in fome fhady fituation ; in the fpring the flicker of a green-houfe will bring them forward, and make them flower to advantage, and as they bloffom very early, they will tend to enliven a colleftion of more rare and valuable plants. That curious variety called by Gerard and Parkinson Majler Hesketh’s Primrofe, we have not met with in the colleftions about London ; we hope it may yet remain in fome part of the kingdom, as it appears deferving of culture from its great fmgularity ; it is faid by Parkinson to bear not only fingle flowers upon feverall ftalkes, but foraetimes two or three fingle flowers upon one flalk, and alfo at the fame time a bigger ftalke, and fomewhat higher, having one green hufke at the toppe thereof, fometimes broken on the one fide, and fometimes whole, in the middle whereof ffandeth fometimes divers fingle flowers thrufl together, vide its fig. in his Parad. terr. The following is Gerard’s account of it, “ There is a ftrange Primrofe founde “ growing wilde, in Clapdale-Wood, near Settle, in Yorkfhire, by the travel, and induftry of a learned “ gentleman of Lancafhire, called maker Thomas Hesketh, and a diligent fearcher of Simples, who hath not only brought to light this amiable and pleafant kind of Primrofe, but many others likewife, never before “ his time remembred, or founde out. This kinde of Primrofe hath leaves, and rootes like the wilde fielde “ Primrofe, in eche refpe6l, it bringeth forth among the leaves a naked flalke of a greyiki or overworne “ greenifh colour, at the top whereof doth growe in the winter time one fiower, and no more, like unto that t£ fingle one of the fielde; but in the fummer time it bringeth foorth a foft ruffet hufke or hofe, wherein are e£ conteined many final flowers, fometimes fower or five and oftentimes more, very thicke thrufl together, “ which maketh one entire fiower, feeming to be one of the common double Primrofes, whereas indeed “ it is one double flower made of a number of final fingle flowers, never ceafing to beare flowers winter 6£ nor fummer as before is fpecified.” While we are thus defcribing the varieties to which this plant is fubje£l, it may not be amifs to obferve that the flamina alfo vary greatly in their fituation, being fometimes found low down in the tube of the bloffom, fometimes at its mouth, in the former inflance the Piflillum which varies alfo in length fhews its round ftigma, and with its attendant flyle looks like a pin ftuck in the centre of the flower ; fuch flowers in the Polyanthus are termed pin-eyed, while thofe in which the anthers clofe the mouth of the tube, are called thrum-eyed, and this latter appearance in the opinion of the florifi is an effential requifite in a good flower. The contemplative mind feels a complacency in furveying the improvements which Providence permits' to take place, in that part of the animal and vegetable world which mankind have brought under their care and prote6lion, many infiances of thefe might be adduced from the more ufeful and neceffary pro- duflions, but it is not thofe only that amend under our care, we are permitted alfo to gratify our fight with the endlefs varieties that flowers put on, when cultivated by the curious ; nor in any one inflance does ££ The exulting Florifl mark (< with fecret pride the ‘Wonders of his hand” more than in the boundlefs luxuriance that Polyanthufes affume, their parent the Primrofe being a native, they face the feverity of the winds of March much more boldly than any foreign plants, natives of warmer climates. Linn &us indeed cautions Botanifls againft being fcduced by the gaudy tints, that fafcinate the mere florifl, but furely we may fafely admire, without fixing our attention wholly on the flower-bed. The Primrofe comes in for a fharc alfo of medicinal fame. The leaves and the root of Primrofe feem to partake in fome degree of the nature of thofe of Alarum, afting as ftrong errhines, or flernutatories, when fnuffed up the nofe, and as emetics (the roots at leaft) when taken inwardly ; Gerard reports as from the experience of a fkilful prabHtioner, that a drachm and a half of the powder of the dried roots taken up in autumn purgeth by vomit very forcibly, but fafely, in fuch manner as Afarum doth. Lewis M. M, The root affords a good example ol the radix dentata, the tubercles forming the teeth, arife as in moft roots of the kind from the remains of the bafe of the leaf, and hence from their number fome idea may be formed of the age of the plant. X /r/f/zrct Qjlratrttm/um . Datura Stramonium* Thorn-Apple. DATURA Lin. Gen. PL Pentandria Monogynia. Cor. infundibuliformis, plicata. Cal: tubulofus, angulatus, deciduus. Capfi, 4-valvis. Rail Syn. Gen. 16. Herbie Baccifer^e. DATURA Stramonium pericarpiis fpinofis ere£lis ovatis, foliis ovatis glabris. Lin. Syft, Vegetal. p. 220. Sp. PI. p. 255. FI. Suec. n. 198. STRAMONIUM foliis angulofis, fru£lu erefto, muricato, calyce pentagono. Haller Hijl. n. 586. STRAMONIUM foetidum. Scopoli FL Carniol. n. 152. SOLANUM foetidum pomo fpinofo oblongo, flore albo* Bauh. Pin. 164. STRAMONIUM fpinofum. Ger. emac. 349. SOLANUM pomo fpinofo, oblongo, flore calathoide Stramonium vulgo di&um. Raii Syn. 266. Hudfon FL Angi. ed. 2. p. 92. RADIX annua, ramofa, albida. 1 CAULIS variae altitudinis pro ratione foli, pedalis, ad 1 fepedalem, teres, glaber, late diffufus, ramofus, 1 ramis dichotoriiis, minutim pubefcentibus. FOLIA e dichotomia caulis et ramorum, folitaria, vix ' fpithamea, petiolata, ovata, acuta, utrinque 1 glabra, fuperne faturate viridia, inferne et ad margines pallidiora, nervis robuHis, fubal- ternis, margine undique inaequaliter finuato- dentata, uno latere per petiolum longius extenfo. PETIOLI teretes, pubefcentes, foliis breviores, fuperne obfolete canaliculati. FLORES folitarii, e dichotomia caulis, una cum foliis egredienda, breviter pedunculati, ere6li. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, oblongum, tubulatum, ventricofum, dilute viridefcens, quinquangulare, quinquedentatum, deciduum horizontaliter prope bafin, parte remanente, orbiculata, perfiHente. COROLLA monopetala, infundibuliforrnis, nivea ; Tubus viridefcens, pentagonus, calyce bre- vior ; Limbus bafi nervofus, erefto-patulus, quinquangularis, quinqueplicatus, quinque- dentato-acuminatus, fg. 1. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, fubulata, inferne tubo corollae adnata, fuperne libera; An- THERi: ovali-lineares, ereftae, infidentes, e fufco-lutefcentes, Jig. 2. NECTARIUM: Glandula crenata, annularis, ad bafin germinis, fg. 3. PISTILLUM; G ermen fuperum, fubconicum, un- dique hifpidum ; Stylus filiformis, albus, fuperne paulo crafiior, longitudine Haminum. Stigma craHiufculum, obtufum, bilamel- latum, Jig. 4, 5, 6. PERICARPIUM : Capsula fpinofa, fubovata, bilo- cularis, quadrivalvis, bafi calycis impofita, „ fs-7- SEMINA numerofa, (ubreniformia, nioricantia. 3 3 o ROOT annual, branched, whitifh. STALK various in its height, according to the foil in which it grows, riling from one to fix feet, round, fmooth, fpreading widely, branched, branches forking, and covered with a line down. LEAVES fpringing from the forking of the (talk and branches, fingle, fcarcely fix inches long, Handing on footHalks, ovate, pointed, fmooth on both fides, above of a deep green colour, beneath and on the edges paler, ribs llrong, fomewhat alternate, the edge through its whole extent unequally finuated and toothed, extending farther down the footllalk on one fide than on the other. LEAF-STALKS round, downy, (horter than the leaves, above faintly channelled. FLOWERS fingle, proceeding together with the leaves from the forking of the Halk, Handing on fhort footHalks and upright, CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, oblong, tu- bular, bellying out, of a pale green colour, having five angles and five teeth, feparating horizontally near the bafe, the remaining part orbicular and permanent. COROLLA monopetalous, funnel-lhaped, white ; Tube greenilh, five-cornered, (horter than the calyx ; Limb ribb’d at the bafe, upright and fpreading, five-cornered, with five plaits and five long pointed teeth, jig, i. STAMINA: five Filaments, tapering, below at- tached to the tube of the corolla, above loofe ; Anthers betwixt oval and linear, upright, fitting, of a brownifli yellow colour, ' M' 2‘ NECTARY : a circular notched Gland at the bafe o( the germen, Jig. 3. ' PISTILLUM : Germen above the calyx, fomewhat I conical, hifpid ; Style filiform, white, thick- I ened a little above, the length of the (lamina. > Stigma thickifh, obtufe, and compofed of ) two lamellae, Jig. 4, 5, 6. ) SEED-VESSEL: a Capsule, thorny, fubovate, of two cavities, and four valves, placed on the bafe of the calyx, Jig. 7. ) SEEDS numerous, fomewhat kidney-fhaped and ) biackifii. The Thorn-apple is found occafionally in the environs of London, on dunghills, in cultivated ground, and amongft rubbifh ; both Mr. Ray and Mr. Hudson place it amongft the Britilh plants, regarding it at the fame time as a doubtful native ; following their example, we have figured it in the Flora Londinenfis, induced thereto from the additional conftderation of its being a poifonous plant, and, as fuch, neceffary to be known to our readers. That it is a native of America, we have the moft indubitable proofs: in the earth brought with plants from various parts of that extenfive country, we are Hire to have the Thorn-apple come up, which we fball not wonder at, alter perilling the following extraft from Kalm’s Travels into North-America. Ran Syn. Ed. 3. p. 228, Sea Buglofs. BUGLOSSUM dulce ex Infulis Lancaflriac. Lancafhire Buglolfe. Park. Fb.p. 767. t. 766. f3. RADIX perennis, lignofa, nigricans. CAULES plures, procumbentes, pedales et ultra, te- retiufculi, foliofi, fuperne ramofi; FOLIA numerofa, fparfa, feffilia, obovata, acuta, bafi anguflata, integerrima, fubtus nervofa, un- dulata, apicibus faepius recurvis, fuperne pun£lis prominulis exafperata. PEDUNCULI teretes, ad flores fubincraffati, vcrrucu- lofi. CALYX : Perianthium pentaphyllum, perfiftens, foliolis ovatis, acutis, integerrimis, carinatis, fg-i- COROLLxh monopetala, infundibuliformis, infra me- dium coar6tata, quafi vincula ligata fuiffet; Tubus brevis, latus, longitudine calycis; Limbus quinquefidus laciniis reflexis, faux pervia, gibbis quinque intrulis lutefeentibus, fg- 2. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, fundo corollae in- ferta, fubulata, convergentia, tubo corollae paulo longiora ; Anther.e oblongae, luteae, incumbentes, fg. 3. PISTILLUM: Germina quatuor; Stylus filiformis, longitudine flaminum; Stigm a fimplex,j%. 4. PERICARPIUM nullum. SEMINA quatuor, conniventia, trigona, acuta, lateri exteriori convexa, interioribus planis, fg. g. ROOT perennial, woody, of a blackifh colour. STALKS numerous, procumbent, a foot or more in length, nearly round, leafy, branched above. LEAVES numerous, placed without order, feffile, obovate, pointed, narrowed at the bafe, per- feftly entire, ribbed on the under fide, waved, the point mod: commonly bent back, the up- per furface rough with fine prominent points. PEDUNCLES round, a little thickened next the flowers, and fomewhat warty. CALYX ; a Perianthium of five leaves, continuing* leaves ovate, pointed, perfectly entire, and keeled, jig. i. COROLLA monopetalous, funnel-fhaped, contra 61ed below the middle, as if it had been tied round with a ligature; Tube fhort, wide, the length of the calyx; Brim divided into five fegments, which are bent back, the throat open, with five yellowifh tubercles, fig. 2. STAMINA : five Filaments, inferred into the bot- tom of the corolla, converging, a little longer than the tube of the corolla ; Anthers ob- long, yellow, incumbent, Jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germina four; Style filiform, the length of the flamina; Stigma fimple,j%. 4. SEED-VESSEL none. SEEDS four, clofing together, three-cornered, pointed, the outer fide convex, the two innermoft flat, fg• 5’ The Pulmonaria maritima is found abundantly on many parts of our fea-coafls, yet not generally ; like the Crambe >maritima, it has its local attachments". Its roots, which are perennial, flrike deeply into the fand, or among the pebbles, and it is probable that by this means the plant may be preferved in very fevere feafons; Mr. Lightfoot regards it as one of the rrrofl beautiful of our Britifh plants, fuch it undoubtedly is, and on that account highly deferving of culture; yet we rarely find it in the gardens of the curious, and this we attribute to its culture not being well under Rood ; we have taken much pains to have this plant in perfedlion, and, having fucceeded, recommend the following mode. If your plant has been taken proper care of, it will produce abundance of feeds, mofl of which will be ripe by the end of Augufl; gather them as they ripen, for if you flay till thofe from the lafl-blown flowers are fir, thofe from the firit will have fallen out of the flower-cups; fow them either early in September or the enfuing February, in a pot of earth compofed of three parts fea fand (or, in lieu thereof, common fand) and one part rotten cow dung, finely fifted ; in about fix weeks or two months from the February fowing thefe feeds will vegetate, and in the Autumn the plants will be fit to tranfplant into feparate pots, and mofl of them will flower the enfuing year; fnails and flags are uncommonly fond of this plant; if you, therefore, plant it in the open border, it will in all probability be deflroyed ; for thefe animals not only devour the plant when fully green, but eat out the buds on their firfl appearance ; fo that you lofe your plants without knowing the caufe : having them in pots, you can guard them better from their ravages; fet them with your green-houfe plants, and treat them as fuch, they will not difgrace your colledlion ; water them over the leaves as little as may be, for the water is apt to fettle on them in drops, and to leave marks which greatly disfigure them. Ray refers to Parkinson’s figure of this plant with a query; though a very rude one, it is undoubtedly intended for it; of the feveral figures publifhed fince, that of Dillenius is certainly the befl, though deficient in expreffing its habit. From the appearance of the foliage, one would not be induced to place it with the afperifolue; a magnifying glafs, however, fhews on many parts of it a manifefl roughnefs ; much lefs would we fufpedl that poifonjurked under fuch an elegant form, yet the refpedlable teflimony of Dr. Blair fully confirms it; the following account is taken from his Mifcellaneous Obfervations, p. 33.—££ lam credibly informed by a gentleman not far from ££ hence, that in the late famine, one of his farmers being firaitned for bread, taking this plant for Colewort