INDEX I. In which the Plants contained in the fifth Fafciculus are arranged according to the Syflem of Linnaeus. Latin Name. Clafs and Order. 1 Liguffrum vulgare 2 Veronica Anagallis 3 Veronica fcutellata. Diandria Monogynia. 4 Valeriana Locuffa.. Triandria Monogynia. 5 Alopecurus pratenfis ' 6 Alopecurus geniculatus 7 Bromus giganteus 8 Holcus mollis 9 Hordeum murinum 10 Melica uniflora 11 Melica caerulea 12 Poa aquatica _ Triandria Digynia. 13 Sherardia arvenfis Tetrandria Monogynia. 14 Sagina apetala 15 Potamogeton crifpum * Tetrandria Tetragynia, 16 Atropa Belladonna ' 17 Lycopfis arvenfis 18 Lyfiraacnia nemorum 19 Lyfirnachia vulgaris ►Pentandria Monogynia. 20 Chenopodium olidum 21 Scandix Peften Pentandria Digynia. 22 Linum ufitatiffimum 23 Leucojum aeftivum 24 Convallaria majalis 25 Juncus pilofus 26 Juncus fylvaticus Pentandria Pentagynia. Hexandria Monogynia. 27 Alifma Plantago 28 Alifma Damaionium He xandria Polygynia. 29 Rumex Acetofella Hexandria Trigynia. 30 Erica vulgaris Octandria Monogynia. 31 Spergula arvenfis Decandria Pentagynia. 32 Agrimonia Eupatoria Dodecandria Digynia. 33 Spiraea Ulmaria Icosandria Pentagynia. 34 Rofa canina 35 Tormentilla officinalis Icosandria Polygynia. 36 Giftus Elelianthemum 37 Papaver dubium 38 Papaver Argemone Polyandria Monogynia. 39 Origanum vulgare 40 Teucrium Scorodonia Didynamia Gymnofpermia, 41 Antirrhinum minus : 42 Euphrafia officinalis 43 Rhinanthus Criffa Galli 44 Schrophularia aquatica ■Didynamia Angiofpemia. 45 Thlafpi campeffre 46 Sinapis alba ' 47 Sinapis arvenfis 48 Sifymbrium Irio 49 Sifymbrium terreffre 50 Erylimum officinale Tetradynamia Siliculofa, Tetradynamia Siliyuofa. 51 JLathyrus Aphaca * 52 Spartium Scoparium 53 Trifolium procumbens 54 Vicia Cracca Di Adelphi A De candria. 55 Crepis teHorum.. 56 Leontodon hifpidum 57 Onopordum Acanthium....... 58 Prenanthes muralis 59 Sonchus paluffris Syngenesia Folygamia ceyualis. 60 Achillea Ptarmica ' 61 Anthemis Cotula 62 Chry(anthemum Leucantheraum 63 Matricaria Chamomilla 64 Senecio erucaefolius Syngenesia Polygamiafuperfua. 65 Orchis latifolia Gynandria Diandria. 66 Sparganium ramofum 67 Sparganium (implex Mongecia Triandria. 68 Mercurialis annua.... 69 Agaricus aurantius 70 Agaricus aeruginofus 71 Agaricus carnofus 72 Agaricus verrucofus Dicecia Enneandria. Cryptogamia Fungi. INDEX II. INDEX 111. Latin Names of the Plants in the fifth Fafi ciculus, arranged Alphabetically. Englilh Names of the Plants in the fifth Fafciculus, arranged Alphabetically. Achillea Ptarmica. . 60 Agaricus aurantius 69 Agaricus aeruginofus. . 70 Agaricus carnofus 71 Agaricus verrucofus . . 72 Agrimonia Eupatoria 32 Alifma Plantago 27 Alifma Damalbnium ; 28 Alopecurus pratenfis . 5 Alopecurus geniculatus 6 Anthemis Cotula 61 Antirrhinum minus. 41 Atropa Belladonna Bromus giganteus. 7 Chenopodium olidum 20 Chryfanthemum Leucanthemum 62 Ciftus Helianthemum gfi Convallaria majalis . 24 Crepis te6lorum .gg Erica vulgaris . go Eryfimum officinale 50 Euphrafia officinalis 42 Holcus mollis g Hordeum murinum 9 Juncus piiofus. . 25 Juncus iylvaticus 26 Lathyrus Aphaca gX Leontodon hifpidum gfi Leucojum aeftivum 23 Liguftrum vulgare . \ Linum ufitatiflimum 22 Lycopfis arvenfis 3 y Lyfimachia nemorum jg Lyfimachia vulgaris Xg Matricaria Chamomilla fig Melica uniflora Melica caerulea Mercurialis annua fig Onopordum Acanthium gy Orchis latifolia fig Origanum vulgare Papaver dubium. gy Papaver Argemone gg Poa aquatica Potamogeton crifpum 3 4 Prenanthes muralis gg Rhinanthus Crifta Galli 4^ Rofa canina Rumex Acetofella 29 Sagina apetala 14 Scandix Peblen 21 Schrophularia aquatica 44 Senecio erucaefolius 54 Sherardia arvenfis 3g Sinapis alba .*. . . 46 Sinapis arvenfis 4y Sifymbrium Irio 43 Sifymb rium terreftre 49 Sonchus paluftris gg Sparganium rarnofum fi fi Sparganium fimplex. . fiy Spartium fcoparium g2 S pergula arvenfis 4 3 Spiraea Ulmaria • • *33 Teucrium Scorodonia 40 Thlafpi campeftre 4^- Torraentilla officinalis gg Trifolium procumbens Valeriana Locufta 4 Veronica fcutellata o Veronica Anagallis 2 Vicia Cracca Plate 9 Agrimony g2 Barley-Grass wall g Elite ftinking Brome-Grass tall y Broom common Bugloss field 3 y Burr-Reed great 55 Burr-Reed finall fiy Chamomile corn . fig Charlock . Cistus dwarf Corn-Salad 4 CoTTON-ThSTLE gy Dandelion rough gfi Dwale, or Deadly Nightshade 16 Eyebright common Figwort water . 44 Flax common . 22 Foxtail-Grass jointed fi Foxtail-Grass meadow g Germander fage-leav’d Hedge-Mustard g0 Heath common Lily of the Valley 04 LooSe Strife yellow jg Marjoram wild .’ • • 39 Mayweed ftinking Meadow-Grass water Meadow-Sweet . gg Melic-Grass fingle-flower’d Melic-Grass blue Mercury annual fig Mithridate-Mustard Moneywort wood jg Mushroom fleftiy y* Mushroom warty y2 Mushroom orange 59 Mushroom verdigris yQ Mustard white 46 Orchis marfti fig Ox eye common 62 Pearlwort annual 24 Pond weed curled. Xg Poppy long prickly-headed gg Poppy long linooth-headed gj Prenanthes, or Wild Lettuce Privet, or Prim 1 Ragwort hoary . fi^ Rocket London 43 Rose dog 34 Rush fmall hairy wood 25 Rush great hairy wood 26' ShePHERDS-NeEDLE Sherardia field 23 Sneesewort 5o Snowflake fummer 23 Soft-Grass creeping 3 Sorrel flieeps. , 29 Sow-Thistle tree Speedwell bog 3 Speedwell water 2 Spur re y corn 31 Succory Hawkweed fmooth cr Toad-Flax leaft 42 Tormentil 25 T re foil procumbent ™ Vetch tufted g^ Vetchling yellow Water-Plantain ftarry-headed 28 Water-Plantain greater 2j Water-Radish annual .49 Yellow-Rattle 4g piate Ligustrum Vulgare. Privet, or Prim. LIGUSTRUM Linn, Gen, Pl. Diandria Monogynia. Cor. 4-fida. Bacca tetrafperma. Raii Syn. Arbores Baccifer^: LIGUSTRUM vulgare. Linn. Syji. Vegetab. p. 54. Sp.Pl.p. 10. FLSuec.ng. Haller Hijl. n. 530. Flor. Carniol. n. 4. Hudfion FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 3. Lightjoot FI. Scot. p. 72. LIGUSTRUM Germanicum. Bauh. Pin. 475. Ger. cm. p. 1394. Parkinfon p. 1446. Rail Syn. p. 465. Privet, or Prim. FRUTEX fepedalis circiter,ramofus; cortex ex cinereo virefcens, pundis plurimis fparlis prominulis exafperata: rami oppofiti, junioribus flexili- bus, purpurafcentibus. FOLIA oppofita, breviflime petiolata, ovato-lanceo- lata, utrinque glabra, integerrima, inferiori- bus ad exortum ramulorum minoribus. FLORES albi, odorati, paniculati. PANICULA biuncialis ,denfa, fubpyramidata. RAMI paniculae ut pedicelli ad lentem villofi. CALYX: Perianthi um monophyllum, minimum, haemifphaericum, albidum, ore quadridentato, dentibus eredis, minimis, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, infundibuliformis, alba, cito rufefcens. Tubus cylindraceus, longior calyce. Limbus quadripartitus, patens, laciniis ovatis craflis, obtufis, fig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta duo, oppofita, breviflima, alba. Anthers majufculas, eredae, longi- tudine fere corollas. Pollen flavefcens, fig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen fubrotundum. Stylus fili- formis, albus, fuperne paululum incraffatus. Stigma obtufum, crafliufculum, vix mani- fefte bifidum, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: Bacca globofa, glabra, nigra, uni- locularis, fig. 5. SEMINA tria five quatuor, hinc convexa, inde angu- lata, fig. 6. A SHRUB, ufuaily about fix feet high, branched, the bark of a greenifh afh colour, irregularly fprinkled with numerous prominent points; branches oppohte, the young ones flexible and purplilh. LEAVES oppofite, Handing on very fhort foot-ftalks, ovato-lanceolate, fmooth on each fide, per- fedly entire, the lower ones at the bottoms of the fmall branches leafl:. FLOWERS white, fweet-fcented, forming a panicle. PANICLE about two inches in length, dole, and fome- what pyramidal. BRANCHES of the panicle, as well as the flower- flalks, villous when magnified. CALYX : a Perianthium of one leaf, very fmall, hemifpherical, and wfiitifh, the mouth hav- ing four teeth, which are upright and very minute, fig. i. COROLLA of one petal, funnel-fhaped, white, foon , changing to a reddifh-brown colour. The tube cylindrical, longer than the calyx. Limb i deeply divided into four fegments, which are • fpreading, ovate, thick, and obtufe, fig. 2. 1 STAMINA: two Filaments, oppofite, very fhort and white. Anthers rather large, upright, ( almoft the length of the corolla. Pollen ) yellowifh, Jig. 3. i PISTILLUM: Germen roundifh. Style filiform, ) white, a little thickened above. Stigma ob- ) tufe, thickifh, fcarce perceptibly bifid,fig. 4. j SEED-VESSEL : a round, fmooth, fhining, black ) berry, of one cavity, fig. g. ) SEEDS three or four, convex on one fide, and angu- > lar on the other ficr fi Previous to the publication of the Flora Japonica by Profeflbr Thunberg*, the prefent celebrated fucceflor to the immortal Linnaeus, Botanifis were acquainted with one fpecies of Liguftrum only. That gentleman defcribes another, to which he gives the name of japonicum, and characlerifes the two in the following manner: Ligufirum vulgare fioliis ovatis obtufis, paniculafimpliciter trichotorna. Liguftrum japonicum foliis ovatis acuminatis panicula decompofite trichotorna. In point of utility, not to fay ornament, feW of our Englifh or even foreign fhrubs exceed the common Privet. Its chief ufe is to form fuch hedges as are required in the dividing of gardens for (belter or ornament; the Italian or ever-green Privet, as it is called, which is only a variety of the common fpecies, is ufuaily pre- ferred for this purpole. The Privet bears clipping admirably well; is not liable to be disfigured by infeeds, and having roots formed only of fibres, it robs the ground lefs than almoft any other fhrub. It is found to thrive better in the fmoke of great cities than moft others ; fo that whoever has a little garden in fuch places, and is defirous of having a few plants that look green and healthy, may be gratified in the Privet, becaufe it will flourifn and look well there. Miller fays it will grow well under the (hade and drip of trees. The beft mode of raifing Privet is from feeds, though it is capable of being propagated by layers and cuttings. The Privet is not apt to be eaten by cattle, and the Sphinx Ligufiri, or Privet Hawk Moth, one of the largeft as well as the moft beautiful infefts we have, is almoft the only one that feeds on it in its Caterpillar ftate. There are few gardens having Privet in which this Caterpillar may not be found in the months of Auguft and Sep- tember. The readied way of difcovering it is by its dung, which is fufihciently vifible under thofe fhrubs on which it feeds. The Meloe veficatorius, commonly known by the name of Cantharides, or Blifter-Beetle, is found alfo on the leaves of this fhrub. The berries of the Privet continue on the plant till fpring advances, and in times of fcarcity are eaten by different forts of birds; but by none with fo much avidity as the Bullfinch (Loxia Pyrrhula). Bird-catchers who know this, often catch them in the following manner: they take fome large boughs of the Privet in berry, flick them into the ground where Bullfinches frequent, lime the top twio-s. and place a call bird underneath. The berries are alfo recommended in dying, colouring of wines, and as affording a purple colour to ftain prints ; but for thefe feveral purpofes there are much better materials in common ufe. It ufuaily grows in woods and hedges ; is not nice in its foil or fituation, but flourifnes moft in a moift foil : flowers in July, and ripens its berries in Autumn. It is found with three leaves at a joint, with variegated leaves, and white berries. Haller. * Carol! Petri Thunberg Flora Japonica, Lipfiae 1784. QOO . i v//r/snr. /y /V W? h’rowsr/r f y£nayw//ici. Veronica Anagallis. Water Speedwell. VERONICA Linn* Gen» PI. Diandria Monogynia. Cor. Limbo 4-partito, lacinia infima angufliore. Capfula bilocularis. N \ Raii Syn. Gen. 18. Herb,e fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalo. VERONICA Anagallis racemis lateralibus, foliis lanceolatis ferratis, caule erefto. Linn. Syjl. Vegetal, p. 56. Sp. Pl. p. 16. FI, Suec. n. 13. VERONICA foliis lanceolatis ferratis, glabris, ex alis racemofa. Ha/ler FUJI. n. 553. VERONICA Anagallis Scopo/i F/. Carn. n. 12. ANAGALLIS aquatica minor folio oblongo. Bauh. Pin. 252. ANAGALLIS aquatica folio oblongo crenato. Park. 1237. ANAGALLIS aquatica major. Ger. emac. 620. VERONICA aquatica longifolia media. Raii Syn. 280. The Middle Long-leav’d Water Speedwell or Brooklime. Hudfon FI. Angl. Ed, 2. p. 5. Lightfoot FI, Scot. p. 73. RADIX annua, fibrofa. CAULIS ere&us, pedalis ad bipedalem, teres, fuban- gulofus, glaber, ad bafin ufque ramofus, in- ferne purpurafcens. FOLIA oppofita, feffilia, lanceolata, ovato- lanceolata, ferrata, glabra, venofa, pallide viridia. FLORES racemofi, numerofi, triginta quadraginta aut etiam plures in fingulo racemo. RACEMI laterales, oppofiti, longilfimi, fubere&i. PEDUNCULI ad lentem fubvifcidi. BRACTEAE lanceolatse. CALYX: Perianthium quadripartitum, perfidens, laciniis ovato-Ianceolatis, acutis, laevibus, tri- nervibus, fubaequalibus, fg. i. COROLLA monopetala, rotata, pallide purpurea, lacinia fuperiore et duabus lateralibus venis faturatioribus driata, fg. 2. STAMINA : Filamenta duo, purpurafcentia, medio cralfiora; Anthers concolores; Pollen album, fg. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen viride; Stylus declinatus purpurafcens, fuperne cralfior; Stigma ob- tufum, fg. 4. PFJUCARPIUM : Capsula bilocularis, fubinde tri- locularis, fubrotunda, vix emarginata, poly- fperma, fg. 5. SEMINA plurima, fubrotunda, minutiffima, fg. 6. ROOT annual, and fibrous. STALK upright, from one to two feet high, round, flightly angular, fmooth, branched quite to the bottom, below purplifh. LEAVES oppofite, felfile, lanceolate, often ovato- lanceolate, ferrated, fmooth, veiny, of a pale green colour. FLOWERS growing in racemi, numerous, from thirty to forty, or even more on one racemus. RACEMI lateral, oppofite, very long, nearly upright. FLOWER-STALKS fomewhat vifcid when magnified. FLORAL-LEAVES lanceolate. CALYX : a Perianthium deeply divided into four fegments, and permanent, the fegments ovato- lanceolate, pointed, fmooth, three-ribb’d, and nearly equal, fg. 1. COROLLA monopetalous, and wheel-fhaped, of a pale purple colour, the uppermod fegment and the two lateral ones dreaked with deeper veins of the fame colour, fg. 2. STAMINA: two Filaments of a purplifh colour, thicked in the middle; Anthers of the fame colour; Pollen white, fg. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen green; Style depending, purplilh, thickened above; Stigma blunt, fg- 4- SEED-VESSEL: a Capsule of two cavities, fome- times three, roundifii, fcarcely emarginate, containing many feeds, fig. 5. SEEDS numerous, roundilh, and very minute, fg. 6» The Veronica Anagallis is a much more general plant than the Scutellata, being found in almofi every watery ditch, but efpecially in thofe which communicate with the Thames, on the edges of which it is alfo extremely common. It is apt to vary confiderably according to fituation; when it grows in ditches that have a confiderable depth of water, it becomes much taller, the ffalk is proportionably thicker, and the leaves are apt to be curled; when it grows out of the water, the plant is fmaller, the leaves are broader, flatter, and of a paler hue; in all fuuations its racemi are remarkably long and full of flowers, and its feeds are uncommonly fmall and numerous. It blofloms from June to September. The feed-veflels are fometimes found very much enlarged; on cutting them open a fmall larva was found in (ome, and a pupa in others, which, on being kept a proper time, produced a fmall Curculio or Weevil. Veronica Scutellata. Bog Speedwell. VERONICA Linn. Gen* FI. Diandria Monogynia. Cor, Limbo 4-partito, lacinia infima angufliore. Capfula bilocularis. Rail Syn, Gen, 18* Herb,® fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalo. VERONICA fcutellata racemis lateralibus alternis; pedicellis pendulis, foliis linearibus integerrimis. Finn. Syfi, Vege tab. p. 57. Sp. FI. p. 16. FI. Suec. n, 17. t VERONICA foliis lanceolatis, ferratis, glabris, ex alis racemofa. Haller Hifi. 533. VERONICA fcutellata, Seopoli FI. Cani, n. 22, ANAGALLIS aquatica anguftifolia fcutellata. Bauh. Pin. 252 VERONICA aquatica anguftifolia minor. Narrow-leav’d Water Speedwell, or Brooklime. Rail Syn. p. 280. Hudfon FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 5. high/foot FI. Scot. p. 74. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fufca. ROOT perennial, fibrous, of a brown colour. CAULIS : paulo fupra terram furculi plerumque den- ies erumpunt, qui humi repent, caulis florifer fubereftus, debilis, teres, vix angulofus, gb ber, ramofus, femipedalis ad pedalem, bah etiam aliquando repens. TALK: juft above the ground young (hoots fpring forth, which are for the moll: part deftitute of flowers and creep on the earth, the flower- ingftalk is nearly upright, weak, round, fcarce perceptibly angular, frnooth, branched, from fix inches to a foot in height, fometimes alfo creeping at bottom. FOLIA oppofita, feftilia, lineari-lanceolata, glabra, minutim et rariter dentata. LEAVES oppofite, feftile, betwixt linear and lanceo- late, frnooth, finely tooth’d, teeth diftant. FLORES albi, feu pallide carnei, racemofi. FLOWERS white, or of a pale flefli colour, growing in racemi. RACEMI laterales, plerumque alterni, laxi, flexuofi, multiflori. RACEMI lateral, for the moft part alternate, loofe, crooked, and bearing many flowers. BRACTEAE minutae, lanceolatae, FLORAL-LEAVES minute, and lanceolate. PEDUNCULI capillares, alterni, demum penduli. FLOWER-STALKS capillary, alternate, finally pen- dulous. CALYX : Perianthium parvum, quadripartitum, la- ciniis ovato-lanceolatis, fubaequalibus, fg. 1. CALYX : a Perianthium fmall, deeply divided into four fegments, which are ovato-lanceolate and nearly equal, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, rotata, plerumque alba, la- cinia fuperiore venis purpureis pifta, fig. 2. COROLLA monopetalous, wheel-fhaped, for the moft part white, the upper fegment ftreaked with purple veins, fig. 2. STAMINA : Filamenta duo, medio incraflata, alba; Anthers albae, fig. 3. STAMINA: two Filaments, thickeft in the middle, white; Anthera: white, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen viride; Stylus declinatus, albus; Stigma obtufum, flavefcens, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen green; Style depending, white; Stigma blunt, yellowilh, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: Capsula comprefla, fuborbiculata, emarginata, bilocularis, polyfperma, ad 16, M- 5- SEED-VESSEL: a Capsule nearly round, flattened, emarginate, of two cavities, containing nu- merous feeds, to 16, fig. 5. SEMINA orbiculata, plana, (lava, fig. 6. SEEDS round, flat, and yellow, fig. 6. This fpecies ol Veronica is diftinguifhed from the others by feveral charafters, fuch as, its place of growth, which is peculiar, it being feldom found but on bogs, or the edges of ponds, efpecially fuch as we find on heaths and moors, hence we have called it Bog Speedwell; the narrownefs as well as fmoothnefs of its leaves alfo ftrikingly diftinguifhes it; Linnaeus’s term of integerrimis, as applied to them, is certainly too ftrong, for they arc always toothed, though faintly, and in a Angular manner; and if thefe chara&ers were not i afficient, the loofe ftraggling manner in which the flower ftalks grow, would at once point out the Scutellata as a diftinft fpecies. It is common in the fituations above defenbed on moft of our heaths, and flowers from June to September. :t33 ■' ''fiwNcet < *c/tfa//tr /yy. 319 l /Kt/w<7//s7 : Valeriana Locusta. Corn Sallad. VALERIANA Lin, Gen. Pl, Triandria Monogynia. Cal. o. Cor. 1-petala, bafi hinc gibba, fupera. Sem. 1. VALERIANA Locujla floribus triandris, caule dichotomo, foliis linearibus. Lin, Syf. Vegetal. p. 73. Sp, Pl. p. 47. FI. Suec. n. 36. VALERIANA foliis oblongis, rariter incifis, corona feminis fimplici, acuminata. Haller Hift. 214. VALERIANA Locujla. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 46. VALERIANA campeftris inodora major. Bauh. Pin, 165. VALERIANELLA arvenfis praecox humilis femine compreflb. Mor. Umb. LACTUCA agnina. Ger. emac. 310. Park. Sl2. Raii Syn. p. 201. Lamb s Lettuce, or Com Sallad. Hudfon. FL Angl. ed. 2. p. 13. Lightfeot FL Scot, p. 85. RADIX annua, fibrofa, pallide fufca. ROOT annual, fibrous, of a pale brown colour. CAULIS ere£lusi fpithamaeus, pedalis et ultra, pro ratione loci, teres, angulato-ftriatus, fubpu- befcens, tener, ad unum latus faepius purpu- rafcens, dichotomus. STALK upright, from four inches to a foot or more in height, according to its place of growth, round, grooved or angular, flightly downy, tender, ufually purplifh on one fide, dichoto- mous. LEAVES next the root numerous, fomewhat fpread- ing, flightly fucculent, fmooth, veiny, a little wrinkled, inverfely ovate, faintly toothed, thofe of the ftalk oppofite, feflile, remote, at the bafe particularly, edged with hairs, fome- what upright, the uppermoft ones flightly ferrated. FOLIA radicalia, plurima, patentiufcula, fubfuccu- lenta, glabra, venofa, lubrugofa, obovata, ob- folete dentata, caulina oppofita, feflilia, remota, ad bafin praefertim ciliata, fubereda, fuprema fubferrata. FLOWERS very minute, of a blueifh colour, grow- ing in a corymbus. FLORES minimi, coerulefcentes, corymbofi. CALYX nullus. CALYX wanting. COROLLA longitudine germinis, tubulofa, fubvio- lacea, quinquefida, laciniis rotundatis, paten- tibus, fubaequalibus, fg. 1. COROLLA the length of the germen, tubular, faintly violet-coloured, divided into five fegments, which are roundifh, fpreading, and nearly equal, fg. 1. STAMINA: Filamenta tria, alba, longitudine co- rollae. Ant herm parvae, albae, fg, 2. STAMINA: three Filaments of a white colour, the length of the corolla. Anthers fmall and white, fg, 2, PISTILLUM: Germen inferum, nudum, majufcu- lum, obovatum, viride, utrinque linea exara- tum, hinc convexum, fubgibbofum, inde pla- niufculum, fig. 4. Stylus flaminibus paulo brevior. Stigma trifidum, fg, 3. PISTILLUM: G ermen placed below the corolla, naked, rather large, inverfely ovate, green, having a narrow groove on each fide, convex and fomewhat gibbous on one fide, flattifh on the other, fg. 4. Style a little fhorter than the flamina. Stigma trifid, fg. 3. SEMINA plurima, nuda, pallide fufca, fubrotunda, acutiufcula, parum comprefla, tranfverfim ru- gofa, fig- 5- SEEDS numerous, naked, of a pale brown colour, roundifh, a little pointed, fomewhat flattened, and tranfverfely wrinkled, fg. g. In treating of the Valeriana dioica we had occafion to notice the extreme inconflancy of the fru6lification in this genus ; an inconflancy fcarcely to be paralleled in any other tribe, and aflfe6ling not only the Linnaean fyflem, as depending on number of flamina, but fuch fyflems alfo as may be founded on the form of the corolla, or flru6lure of the feed. In the ojpcinalis, dioica, and feveral other valerians, the feeds are furniflied with a pappus or down, here they are altogether naked. The prefent plant is a well-known culinary one ; the radical leaves are in general ufe in the fpring to mix with other fallad herbs, and fometimes eaten alone : the French call them Salad de Preter, from their being generally eaten in Lent. It grows wild in corn-fields, on walls, banks, and in gardens. In corn-fields it is ufually very fmall, grows with a Angle flem, and often occurs with difeafed heads, occasioned by fome infe6l. The leaves are fome- times more than ufually ferrated. A variety of this fort is made a Species of by Ray. There are feveral other varieties mentioned by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum, which have not come under our observation. It flowers in May, and ripens its feed in June, 2 <7O t ///Yi/r//<)/<>. Alopecurus Pratensis. Meadow Foxtail-Grass. ALOPECURUS Linn. Gen. Pl. Triandria Digynia. / Cal. 2-valvis. Cor. i-valvis. Raii Syn. Gen. 27. Herbae flore imperfecto culmifer^e. ALOPECURUS pratenfis culmo fpicato ereclo, glumis villofis, corollis muticis. Linn. Syjl. Vegetah. p. 93. Sp, Pl. p. 88. FI. Suec. 20. ALOPECURUS fpica ovata. Haller. Hiji. n. 1539. GRAMEN phalaroides majus five italicum. Bauh. Pin. 4, GRAMEN alopecuroides majus. Ger. emac. 10. GRAMEN phalaroides majus. Parkinf. 1164. GRAMEN alopecuro fimile glabrum cum pilis longiufculis in fpica onocordon mihi denominatum. 1. B. II. Rail Syn. p. 396. The mod common Foxtail-grafs. Hudfon. FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 27. L ightfioot FI. Scot. p. 91. Schreb. Gram. 133. t. 19. /. 1. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fibris pallide fufeis. CULMI fefquipedales, bipedales, nec raro tripedales, erefti, teretes, driati, laeves, ad bafm pur- purei, radicantes. i FOLIA palmaria aut fpithamaea, fendm in acutum ' mucronem terminata, glabra, driata, parte fuperna et ad margines, fi digiti deorfum du- cantur, afpera, lineam unam cum dimidia , communiter aut duas fere lata. Vaginae driatae, laeves, in fuperiore parte culmi in- flatae. Membrana brevis, obtufa. SPICA fefquiuncialis, biuncialis, duas etiam nonnun- quam cum dimidia uncias longa, duas trefve lineas lata, teres, cylindracea, obtufa, mollis. SPICULTl. unitlorae, compreffae, utrinque ciliatae, ner- vofae, mucronato-tridentatae, fig. 1. CALYX: Gluma bivalvis, unidora, valvulis fubaequa- libus, ovato-lanceolatis, concavis, compredis, trinervibus, nervis pilofis, fig. 2. COROLLA univalvis, valvula concava, longitudine calycis, albida, fubdiaphana, fuperne nervis tribus viridibus infignita, aridata ; anfia ca- lyce duplo fere longior, dorfo valvulae verfus bafm inferta, fig. 3. STAMINA: Filamenta tria, capillaria. Anthers oblongae, utrinque bifurcae, plerumque pur- purafeentes, demum ferrugineae, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: G ermen ovatum, minimum. Styli duo, villofi, redexi, calyce longiores. Stig- mata fimplicia, fig. 5. SEMEN ovatum, minimum, glumis te£lum, 6, 7- ROOT perennial and fibrous, the fibres of a pale brown colour. STALKS a foot and a half, two feet, and not un* frequently three feet high, upright, round, finely grooved, fmooth, at bottom purple, and tilluring. LEAVES a hand’s-breath or fhort fpan in length, gra- dually tapering to a point, fmooth, flriated, if drawn backward acrofs the fingers feeling rough on the upper fide and on the edges, commonly a line and a half or almod two in breadth. Sheaths flriated, fmooth, on the upper part of the flalk inflated. Membrane fhort and blunt. SPIKE an inch and a half, two inches and fometimes even two inches and a half long, and two or three lines broad, round, cylindrical, blunt and folt. SPICUL JE one flower in each, flat, each fide edged with hairs, ribbed, dightly tridentate, the middle point longed, fig. i. CALYX: a Glume of two valves, containing one flower, the valves nearly equal, ovate and pointed, flattened, three-ribbed, the ribs hairy, fig. 2. COROLLA of one valve, the valve hollow,, the length of the calyx, whitifh, fomewhat tranfparent, marked on the upper part with three green ribs, and bearded; the beard or awn almofl as long again as the calyx, inferted into the back of the valve towards the bafe, fig. 3. STAMINA: three capillary Filaments. Anthers oblong, forked at each end, for the mod part purplifh, finally ferruginous, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen ovate, very minute. Styles two, villous, redexed, longer than the glumes of the calyx. Stigmata fimple, fig. 5. SEED ovate, very minute, covered by the glumes, fis- 6, 7- In a former number of this work, containing the Fefluca Jluitans, we gave a copious extraft from that excellent work on Grafles, the Befchreibung der Grcefer of Profeflbr Schreber: we now prefent our readers with an abridged account from the fame author of another grafs, apparently of much greater confequence in agriculture. The Meadow Foxtail-grafs is chiefly an inhabitant of the northern part of our moderate zone, being found abundantly in moil parts of Germany, Holland, France, England, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Ruflia, Profeflbr Gmelin has alfo found it plentifully in Siberia. Though the grafles in general are not fo flrongly attached to particular fituations as many plants are, yet they are always more abundant, and fuperior in goodnefs, in fome one kind of ground than another. The Meadow Fox-tail loves a meadow ground fomewhat low, and moderately wet, with a good foil, though it will alfo grow in dry, and even in quite wet ground ; yet, in the firft, it remains poor, fmall, and difappears by little and little, while, in the latter, other grafles are apt to overpower and fupplant it. In fuch diftribls of Saxony as are celebrated for the goodnefs of their meadows, it always makes a conflderable part of the hay ; and the fame remark has been made by Mr. Stillingfleet and Profeflbr Kalm in England, refpe&ing the befl; meadows about London. The Meadow Foxtail is one of thofe grafles which appear firft in the fpring, and fometimes blow twice in the fame year *, In refpedl to flowering, it obferves nearly the fame time as the Anthoxanthum odoratum. In Germany it’ptus forth its filvery fpikes about the beginning of May f, when the feed is ripe, which with us takes place before hay-making the fpike remains unchanged in its fhape for fome time; the little hufks containing the feed may eafily'be flripped off, but fall off very flowly of themfelves. Experience proves that the Meadow koxtail-grafs has a power of vegetating quickly. Its fhoots proceed with fuch vigour, that it may very well be cut three times in a year. Its ftalks are ftrong, and provided with large are foft and juicy. Their tafte is as that of good fodder-grafs ought to be, fweetiffi and agreeable, having, when made into hay, neither the hardnefs of ft raw, nor the roughnefs or unpleafant tafte attendant on fome of the other grafles ; we may therefore confider it as holding the firft place among the good grafles, either ufed as frefh fodder, or made into hay, efpecially for the larger cattle. Though the ffieep in fuch meadows as abound with this grafs, do not improve in the finenefs of their wool, yet they give a preference to it, both green and dried. On the whole, we may with truth affert, that hay is better in proportion to the quantity of Meadow Foxtail-grafs there is among it; not to mention that fuch hay has the advantage in the weight, and confequently goes farther than hay made of the finer grafles. In the northern countries, Sweden efpecially, the meadows are frequently laid wafte by a moft deftrudlive caterpillar, which produces a moth called, by Linnaeus, Phalcenagraminis: it has been difeovered, that the Alopecurus pratenfis remains untouched by this deftrudlive infedl; fo far, therefore, from injuring this grafs, it gives it an opportunity, by weakening and deftroying the others, to extend itfelf further; but though its particular tafte or forward growth exempts it from the ravages of this fpecies of caterpillar, there is another which is particularly fond of it, viz. the Phalczna potatoria, yet as this feeds fingly on its foliage, and never increafes greatly, it fuffers little from it L As this grafs, therefore, appears to be of fo much confequence in the making and improving of meadows and paftures, our author proceeds to give fome account how this improvement may be eftedled. In this bufmefs the firft thing of moment, he obferves, is the neceflary choice and preparation of the ground; if that be in the power of the cultivator, and as the Meadow Foxtail is found neither to thrive in a foil that is quite dry, or quite wet, he prefers a wet one rendered moderately dry by draining. After procuring a piece of ground naturally fit, or rendered fo by art, he recommends it to be ploughed up immediately after harveft, before the wet feafon fets in, in which ftate it is to remain all the winter ; the froft breaking the clods, renders it fit for fowing on in the fpring, at which time you muft throw in your feeds of the Meadow Foxtail, mixed with other proper pafture herbs ||, together with a crop of oats H; the latter, when fufficiently grown, may be cut for fodder. A meadow, thus improved, requires all the care neceflary in the management of meadows; in particular, a copious watering after hay-making, if the feafon prove unufually dry, muft not be omitted. If after fome years the foil ffiould become bound, or noxious plants increafe in fuch a manner as to make the meadow lefs produdlive, which often happens when the foil or fituation is unfavourable, the meadow muft be broken up and freffi Town. The procuring of the feed, requifite even for a tolerably large fowing, is attended with but little difficulty, if we can only get fome flips or roots of this grafs. The great number of feeds which grow upon one fpike, of which more than one fpring from each flip; the double crop in one fummer, and the rapid growth of this grafs, evince this fufficiently. The gathering of the feed itfelf is very eafy ; it needs only to be flripped oft’ with the hand, and put in a bag, and if there be a large quantity together, fpread out and dried, even the hay-feed of fuch meadows as abound with Meadow Foxtail is ufeful in fowing; but we muft well obferve how it is mixed: good hay-feed ffiould contain a greater proportion of grafs-feeds than of other herbs ; the latter muft be efculent and nutritive, without any mixture of hard, woody, or fucculent ones, which corrupt the hay : much lefs ffiould it contain taftelefs, acrid, or poifonous plants. But it may be afked, where is fuch hay-feed to be obtained ? Certainly the meadows are rare which contain a mixture of proper plants unadulterated with noxious ones; hence the beft method will be to colledl feparately the feeds of the moft ufeful grafles and meadow plants, to increafe them fingly, to compound the hay-feed of them, and to fow therewith, at firft, final! meadows, from whence we may, in procefs of time? obtain a fufficient flock of feed for a more general cultivation. * This difpofition of grades to flower more than once in the fame year, is perhaps deferving of more attention than may have hitherto been paid to it. We have noticed it to take place flrongly ip the prefent grafs, the yellow Oat, the tall Oat, and fome others ; on the contrary, there is one grafs, viz. the Poa pratenfis, already figured, which we have never obferved to fliew the leaft difpofition to throw up a flowering flem twice in the fame year. While this may ferve a£ an additional chara&er, whereby it may be diftinguifhed from the Poa trivialis, it may alfo recommend it as a fuitable grafs for extenfive lawns, where bents are troublefome, and offend the eye. We obferved, in treating of the Poa pratenfis, that its root was of the creeping kind ; it will probably be found, that all thofe grades which have that fort of root flower but once in a feafon ; and if we confider a creeping root as fimilar in its oeconomy to a bulb, we fhall not be at a lofs to account for it. + Its ufual time of flowering with us. ln the neighbourhood of London, hay-making generally commences three or four weeks fooner than it does fifty miles from town. Whether this pra&ice hath arifen from the richnefs of foil accelerating the growth of the herbage, or from the meadows abounding more with early grades, it may perhaps be difficult to determine; but certainly, by this practice, we reap all the advantages from thofe early grades which are lofl by longer delay; and hence the feeds of our hay-lofts mud be proportionably better than thofe at a didance, as early grafs is preferable to late. § In the papers of the Bath Agricultural-Society, vol. 11. p. 79. the Rev. Mr. Swayne, of Buckle-Church, in Gloucederlhire, gives an account of a very minute infedl, which, feeding within the hulks of the fpikes, renders them barren ; we fliall quote his own words. “ On rubbing out the ff hulks, when I judged the feed to be approaching to ripenefs, I found almod every feed-veffel occupied by a foft fubdance, of a deep yellow or “ orange colour, no ways refembling a feed. On applying the microfcope, this fubdance proved to be a congeries of animalcules, which being fhook “ out on a fheet of white paper, and feparated from each other, difplayed the exa£f fhape and motion of thofe infedds which are oftentimes found in “ hams and bacon, aud which are known among houfewives by the name of hoppers. The flies likewife, which thefe caterpillars produce, were f‘ found to be very like the hopper flies, only infinitely fmaller.” )j We fhould prefer the latter-end of Augud, or beginning of September, for the purpofe of fowing grafs feeds, provided the feafon proved favourable. Should the land intended to be laid down be very foul, wre apprehend, repeated ploughings and harrowings, and that for more than one feafon, would be neceflary. Farmers are divided in their opinions refpedding the propriety of fowing Oats or Barley with grafs-feeds; fome apprehending, that the corn does the young grafs more harm by robbing it of its nourifhment, than the fhade or flicker afforded thereby does it good. //y/ScWSVAJ . Alopecurus Geniculatus. Jointed Fox-Tail Grass. ALOPECURUS. Lin. Gen. Pl. Triandria Digynia. 1 • Cal. 2-valvis. Cor. 1-valvis. Raii Syn. Gcn. 27. Herba: gr aminifoli .e flore imperfecto culmifer.e. / -** ALOPECURUS geniculatus culmo fpicato infracto, corollis muticis. Lin. Sy/l. Vegctab. p. 03. Sp. PL 89; FI. Suec. n. 60. Haller. FUJI. n. 1541. ALOPECURUS geniculatus cUlmo adfcendente, fpica cylindrica, glumis apice divergentibus pilofis. Hudfon FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 27. ALOPECURUS geniculatus Scopol. FI. Carn. n. 82. GRAMEN aquaticum geniculatum fpicatum. Bauh. pin. 3. Scheuchz. Agrojt. 72. GRAMEN fluviatile fpicatum. Ger. emac. 14. GRAMEN aquaticum fpicatum. Parkin/. 1373. Raii Syn. 396. Spiked Flote Grafs. Fightfoot> FI. Scot. p. go. Oeder FI. Dan. 564. ROOT perennial, fibrous, the fibres whitifh, Tome- times inclined to brown. STALKS feveral, a Toot, a Toot and a half' or more in length, below procumbent, and often creeping, nearly upright, jointed, crooked, above naked and flriated, branched, the bafe eTpecially in a dry Toil more or leTs bulbous. LEAVES two or three lines broad, flriated, the up- per fide if drawn backwards betwixt the fingers rough, the under fide Tmooth, uppermofl leaves fhort, an inch or two inches long, fpreading, often crimpt at the edges; the membrane at the bale of the leaf, ovate and pointed, the Jheaths Tmooth, flriated, and bellying out. SPIKE an inch, an inch and a half or more in length, fomewhat cylindrical, varying greatly both in form and colour, fometimes blunt, and fometimes tapering to a point, greenifh, purplifh, and even blackifh, at leaf! when viewed at a diftance. FLORETS imbricated. CALYX: a Glume of two valves, containing one flower, flattened, the valves obliquely trun- cated, downy, three-ribb’d, the keel ciliated, fig- >• COROLLA: a Glume of one valve, oblong, ovate, truncated, five ribb’d, pellucid, without hairs, and bearded. Jig. 2. the Beard or awn pro- ceeding from near the bafe, and twice the length of the corolla, Jig. 3. STAMINA: three Filaments, longer than the co- rolla Anthers oblong, at firfl purple, afterwards ferruginous, pfg. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen roundifh; Styles two, (lender, feathery, and extended beyond the calyx, fix. r. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fibris albicantibus, et quan- doque fubfufeis. CULMI plures, pedales, fefquipedales et ultra, in- ferne procumbentes, et Tepe repentes, fub- ere&i, geniculati, infracli, ramofi, fuperne nudi, ftriati, baft praefertim in fblo arido plus minus bulbofo. FOLIA duo aut tres lineas lata, ffriata, fuperne di- gitis deorfurn du&is afpera, inferne laevia, fuperiora brevia, uncialia aut biuncialia, patentia, faepe ad margines crifpa ; mem- brana ad bafin folii ovata, acuta; vagina laeves, flriatae, ventricofae. SPICAS unciales, fefquiunciales et ultra, fubcylin- draceae, forma et colore maxime variantes, nunc obtufae nunc ad apicem fenfim atte- nuatae, virefeentes, purpurafccntes, aut etiam nigricantes procul faltem vifae. FLOSCULI imbricati. CALYX: Gluma uniflora, bivalvis, compreffa, val- vulis oblique truncatis, pubefeentibus, tri- nerviis,' carina ciliata, Jig. 1. COROLLA : Gluma univalvis, oblonga, ovata, truncata, quinquenervis, pellucida, nuda, ariflata, Jig. 2. Arijiu juxta bafin exferta, corolla duplo longiore, Jig. 3. STAMINA: Filamenta tria, corolla longiora; Anther./E oblongae, primum purpureae, demum ferrugineae, jig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum; .Styli duo, cirrhofi, albidi, extra calycem 5. It is in the depreffed parts of meadows, where water is occafionally apt to flagnate, that this fpecies of Fox-Tail Grafs particularly delights to grow, nor is it unfrequent on the edges of ponds, llreams, and wet ditches, where it often makes its way into the water. In the firfl, the flalks are procumbent at the bafe, fpread themfelves on the ground, and extend a foot or more in length; before they rife upwards, the fpikes often aflume a blackifh or deep purple colour, which caufes it to be noticed by the Farmer, who diflinguilhes it by the name of Black Grafs*. In the fecond, it is very much enlarged in its fize, and approaches near to the Alopecurus praten/is; but the flalk flill retains towards the bottom its crooked appearance. % It flowers in June. Cattle eat it readily, neverthelefs it cannot be recommended as a profitable Grafs; nor do tie more obferving Farmers conlider it as fuch: indeed, where fuch Grafs is apt to abound, the belt practice would be to hli up the depreflions, and fow the ground' with better Grafles. The Farmer a!fo diliinguiflies the Alopecurus agrejlh (myofuroldes, FI. Loud.) by the name of Black Graf?. 344 // J.Jjwerty del.rfjlvfo. Bromus Giganteus. Tall Brome Grass. BROMUS Linn. Gen, PL Triandria Digynia. Cal. 2-vaIvis, Spicula oblonga, teres, diflicha: arida infra apicem, Raii Syn. Gen, 27. Herbae flore imperfecto culmifer^e, BROMUS giganteus panicula nutante, fpiculis quadridoris : aridis b.revioribus. Linn. Syfi. Vegetal. p. 103. Spec. Plant. p. 114. FI. Succ, n. 34. BROMUS giganteus panicula ramofa nutante, ramis binatis, fpiculis fubquadridoris arida brevioribus. Fludfon FI. Angi. p. 51. BROMUS glaber, locudis quadridoris nutantibus, aridis longidimis. Hali'er Hifi. n. 3510. BROMUS giganteus. Scopoli. FI. Carn. n. 116. Var. 1. glabra et minor. GRAMEN bromoides aquaticum latifolium, panicula fparfa tenuiffime arlflata. Scheuchz. Agrofi. p. 264. t. 5. fs. 17. GRAMEN fylvaticum glabrum, panicula recurva. Vatii. Paris, p. 53. GRAMEN avenaceum glabrum, panicula e fpicis raris ffrigofis compofita, aridis tenuiffimis. Raii Hifi. 1909. Syn. p. 413. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 104. \ ROOT perennial and fibrous. STALK three feet or more in height, upright, fmooth, the joints for the mofl part purple. LEAVES half an inch broad, of a bright green colour, fmooth, fhining underneath, furnifhed at the bafe on each lide with two purplifh-brown appendages, which embrace the flalk ; jheath below a little rough to the touch, but not hairy, above fmooth ; the membrane very fhort. PANICLE large, even a foot long, loofe, branches generally growing in pairs, all one way, drooping, and roughilh. ovato-lanceolate, containing about five flowers, half an inch in length, for the mod; part green, fmooth, and bearded: Beards white, a little longer than the fpiculae, crooked, and rough. CALYX : a Glume of two valves, the valves unequal, pointed, green, with white edges, the large valve marked with three, and the final 1 one with one fomewhat tranfparent line, Jig. i. COROLLA : a Glume of two valves, the valves nearly equal, green, fmooth, the edges white, the outer one largeft, hollow, faintly three* rib’d, and bearded, the beard longer than the glume, and proceeding from a little below the point, the interior one leaf!, fomewhat flat and whitifh, fg. 2, 3. NECTARY : two fmall pointed Glumes at the bafe of the germen, Jig. 4. STAMINA : three capillary, white Filaments ; Anther/E yellow and forked, Jig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen inverfely ovate, green and {hining ; Styles two, fpreading and branched quite to the bottom, fi edges membranous and turned back,efpecially [ near the bafe, fig. 2, 3. > theJieriie flower Handing on a foot-Halk, and J imperfe6l, Jig. 9. the fame unfolded, 10. , STAMINA: three Filaments, capillary and fhort. } Anthers yellowifh and forked at each end, 1 fg- 4- > PISTILLUM ; Germen ovate, fmootb, fliining, and > yellowifh. _ Styles two, feparate at bottom > and fpreading out. Stigmata 5. > NECTARY ; a very minute, entire fcale, at the bafe } of the Germen, fig. 6. I SEED ovate, fhining, rather large and blackifh, fig. 7, FOLIA caulina quinque circiter, e flavo viridia, plana, lineam unam cum dimidia aut duas fere lata, in acutum mucronem fenfim attenuata, fi di- giti deorfum ducantur afpera, fuperne fubpi- lofa, marginibus ad lentem minutiflime ferru- latis, membrana breviffima, vix uha, at quod valde fingulare, et notatu dignum, foliolum ovato-acuminatum, ereftum, coloratum, ex anteriore parte oris vaginae oritur, a nemine ante haec, nec a cl. Rctzio obfeivatum, fig. 8. FLORES paniculati. PANICULA rara,pedunculis inferioribus geminis,altero breviore, tritioris, in pluma in hortis culta etiam feptem aut o6to floris, fuperioribus foli- tariis. SPICULD pedicellatae, primo atro-purpureae, muticae, biflorae. CALYX; Gluma bivalvis, biflora, colorata, nitida, valvula exteriore majore, ovata, concava, quinquenervi, fubmucronata ; interiore mi- nore, ovato-lanceolata, trinervi, fig. 1. FLOS hermaphrod. feflilis ; valvula exterior magna, ventricofa, marginibus interiorem ampletlens, quae planiufcula, marginibus membranaceis, reflexis, praecipue prope 2, 3. imperfeclus, fig. 9. idem 10. STAMINA: Filamenta tria, capillaria, brevia. An- ther.e flavefeentes utrinque 4, PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum, glabrum, nitidum, flavefcens Styli duo bafi difereti, divari- cati. Stigmata villofa, fig. g. NECT ARIUM : Squamula minima, integra, ad bafm germinis, fig. 6. SEMEN ovatum, nitidum, majtifculum, nigricans, fis- 1- This elegant fpecies, long fince noticed and deferibed by many of the old Botanifls, particularly Ray has been overlooked by Linnaeus. Profeffor Retzius* in the firfl fafciculus of his Botanical Obfervations defenbes it anew, and gives it the name of uniflora, having found each fpicula to contain only one perfeci flower’ This name we, therefore, molt readily adopt. Mr. Hudson, in his Flora Anglica, has miflaken this plant for the nutans of Linnaeus; and to the nutans has given the name of montana. 1 he delicacy and linking colour of its panicle, joined to its place of growth, readily diflinguifhes it from all our other grafles. ” It grows plentifully in mod of the woods near London, and flowers in May and the beginning of June. *Andr. Job, Retzii Fafciculus Obfcrvationum Botanicarum primus, cum figuris aeneis, Lipfiae, 1779. 30J r //e/s/'a . Melica Caerulea. Blue Melic-Grass. MELICA Linn.Gen.Pl. Triandria Digynia. Cal. 2-valvis, 2-florus. Rudimentum floris inter flofculos. Rail Syn. Gen. 27. Herbae graminifolI/E■ flore imperfecto culmifer/e. MELICA ccerulea panicula coarftata floribus cylindricis. Linn. Syfi. Vegetal, p. 113. AIRA coerulea foliis planis, panicula coar&ata, floribus pedunculatis muticis convoluto fabulatis. Linn. Sp. FI. 95. FI. Suec. n. 67. POA fpiculis fubulatis panicula rara contra6la. FI. Lapp. 29. AIRA caerulea. Scopoh FI.'n. 91. GRAMEN arundinaceum enode minus fylvaticum. Bauh. Pin. 7. Scheuch Agrofi. 209. GRAMEN pratenfe ferotinum, panicula longa purpurafeente. Rail Hifi, 1288. Morif. Hijl. 3. p. 201./ 8. t. 5-/22. GRAMEN pratenfe fpica Lavendulae. Merr. Pin. 5. Rail Syn. 404. Hudfon. FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 33. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 96. , / ROOT perennial, fibrous, thick, whitifh or brownifh, crooked and villous. STALK a foot, a foot and a half, or two feet high, fornewhat bulbous at the bafe, upright, having only one knot, and that near the bafe, above naked and fmooth. LEAVES for the mod. part three or four, about a hand’s-breadth in length, of a blueifh-green colour, rather broad, long-pointed, ftiffifh, the lower ones flat, the upper ones fome- what rolled up, hairy at the edges, Membrane none, Sheath fhort and firiated. FLOWERS growing in a panicle. ' PANICLE a hand’s-breadth or more in length, O 7 branched, the branches doling together fo as to form a kind of fpike. SPICUL/E containing two, three, and four flowers, but mofl commonly three, fig. i, 2, 3, with a rudiment of a flower in mofl of them, fig, 4, 5, the young ones flattened, the full- grown ones roundifh, obtufe, flightly di- verging. CALYX compofed of two valves, the valves nearly equal, pointed, keeled, the edges purple, A?-6. COROLLA compofed of two valves, the valves nearly equal, the outer one, which is larged, embracing the inner one, three-ribb’d, flightly pointed, the edges purple, the inner valve two-ribb’d, paler, obtufe, and a little fhorter, .fig:7- NECTARY : two very fhort, broad, truncated, emarginate Scales, fig. 8. STAMINA: three capillary Filaments ; Anthers forked at each end, and purple, fig. 11. PISTILLUM: Germen very minute, fmooth, and fornewhat ovate; Styles two, branched down to the bottom, and purple, fig. g, 10. RADIX perennis, dbrofa, fibris eradis, albidis feu fufeefeentibus, fiexuofis, villofis. CULMUS pedalis, fefquipedalis, aut bipedalis, bad fub-bulbofus, ereftus, unico tantum nodo, eoque prope bafin indru6lo, fuperne nudus, laevis. FOLIA plerumque tria, aut quatuor palmaria, et ultra, ex caeruleo virefeentia, latiufcula, acuminata, rigidula, inferiora plana, fupe- riora fubconvoluta, ad margines pilofa, Membrana nulla. Vagina brevis, liriata. FLORES paniculati. PANICULA, palmaris, et ultra, ramofa, ramis ap- prefiis, hinc fubfpicata. SPIGUL/E biflorae, trifiorae,. et quadrifforae, faepius vero trifiorae, fig. 1, 2, 3, cum rudimento flofculi in plerifque, fig. 4, 5, juniores com- preffae, adultae tcretiufculse, obtufae, paulu- lum divergentes. CALYX bivalvis, 'valvulae fubaequales, acutae, cari- natae, ad margines purpureae, fig. 6. COROLLA bivalvis, valvulae fubaequales, exteriore’ .majore, interiorem ample6Iente, trinerve, fubmucronata, ad margines purpurea, inte- riore binerve, pallidiore, obtufa, paulo bre- viore, fig. 7. NECTARIUM : Squamulae duae, breviflimae, latae, truncatae, emarginatae, fig. 8. STAMINA: Filamenta tria, capillaria • Anthers bifurcae, purpureae, fig, 11. PISTILLUM: Germen minimum, glabrum, fub- ovatum; Styli duo, ramofi, ad bafin ufque purpurei, fig. q, 10. Our readers, on perilling the above defcription, will quickly perceive, that this grafs does not accord, in every refpeft, with the chara&ers of a Melica ; it has, in general, too many flowers : yet, as the effential part, the rudimentum jiofculi, is found in mofl of the Spiculas, it cannot, perhaps, be more judicioufly arranged. Linnaeus, at different periods, appears to have entertained a different opinion of it: in his Flora Lapp on lea, he confiders it as a Poa; in his Species Plantarum and Flora Suecica, as an Aira; and, laffly, in his Syftemu Vegetabilium, makes it a Melica. If the Spiculae be examined when the plant is young, they are certainly very Poa-like, being pointed, flattened and containing ufually from three to five flowers; as they advance, their form alters, they become rounder' and more like the flowers of the Aira aquatica: if the rudimentum jiofculi were wanting, it would be difficult to fay with which of the two genera it fhould be placed ; that being prefent, the difficulty vanifhes, and we clafs it at once with the Melica. Two ffriking peculiarities diflinguifh this grafs: the ftalk has only one knot, and that near its bafe ; and not only its flamina, but its fligmata alfo, are of a deep purple colour. Merr et’s name of Gramen Spica LavcnduLc, is very expreflive of its appearance when in flower. It is a very common grafs on wet moors and heaths, and flowers from July to the end of September; it is harfli and late, and therefore does not feenrat ail adapted to agricultural purpofes ; it varies greatly in fize. Mr. Lightfoot, in his Flora Scotica, informs us, that in the Ifle of Skie, the fifherrnen make ropes for their nets of this grafs, which they find by experience will bear the water well without rotting. Scheuchzer (ays, that befoms are fometimes made of the draws. tJ/e/iai/ cwru/efl. Poa Aquatica. Water Meadow Grass. POA Linn. Gen. Pl. Triandria Digynia. Cal. 2-valvis, multiflorus. Spicula ovata ‘. valvulis margine fcariofis acutiufculis. Raii Syn. Gen. 27. Herbae graminifoli/E flore imperfecto culmifer^e. POA aquatica panicula diffufa, fpiculis fexfloris linearibus. Linn. Syft. Vegetab. p. 97. Sp. P/. p. 98. FI. Suec. n. 26. POA altiffima, foliis latiffimis, panicula ampliflima, locuftis diftichis multifloris. Haller FUJI. n. 1454» POA aquatica, Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 105. GRAMEN aquaticam paniculatum latifolium. Bauh. Pin. 3. GRAMEN aquaticum majus. Ger.emac.6. Raii Syn. p, 411. Great Water-Reed-Grafs. Hudfon FI, Angi, ed. 2. p. 38. ROOT perennial, and creeping. STALK from three to fix feet high, upright, leafy, the chicknefs of a reed ftraw, on the upper part where it is naked, round, fmooth, very finely grooved; the joints yellowifh. LEAVES half an inch and alrnoff an inch broad, fmooth on both fides, very finely grooved, keeled, the keel as well as the edges rough, the bafe of the leaf on each fide is marked with a yellow triangular fpot, the jheath is fmooth and ftriated, the keel prominent, the membrane (hort and obtufe. PANICLE very large, from fix inches to a foot in length, upright, very much branched. FLOWER-STALKS fomewhat three-cornered, rough, crooked above. SPICULAI lanceolate, fomewhat flattened, contain- ing from fix to eight flowers, variegated with green and purple. CALYX : a Glume of two valves, the valves mem- branous, one-ribbed, ovate, concave, the in- nermoft fhorter and more pointed than the other. COROLLA compofed of two valves, which are nearly equal, obtufe, the outer one largeft, con- cave, ribbed, with a fmall tubercle at the bafe, the inner one nearly-flat. STAMINA: three, white, capillary Filaments ; Anthers oblong, bifid at each end, yel- low or purple. PISTILLUM: Germen, ovate, fmooth; Styles two, branched above, naked below, proceed- ing from a little below the top. NECTARY: a fmall truncated fcale at the bafe of the ' germen. ' SEED covered, convex and ftriated on one fide, con- cave on the other, of a pale brown colour. RADIX perennis, repens. CULMUS tripedalis, ad fepedalem, ereflus, foliofus, craftitie culmi arundinacei, fuperne ubi nudus, teres, laevis, fubtiliffime ftriatus; geniculis flavefcentibus. FOLIA femunciam aut unciam fere lata, utrinque glabra, tenuiftime ftriata, carinata, carina marginibufque afperis, ad bafin folii utrinque macula triangularis flava, vagina glabra,, ftriata, carina prominente, membrana brevis obtufa. PANICULA maxima, femipedalis, aut pedalis, erefla, ramofiftima. PEDUNCULI fubtriquetri, fcabri, fuperne flexuofi. SPICULAl lanceolatae, fubcompreffae 6—8 florae, colore ex fpadiceo et viridi mifto. CALYX: Gluma bivalvis, valvulae membranaceae, uninerviae, ovatae, concavae, interiore bre- viore et acutiore. COROLLA bivalvis, valvulae fubaequales, obtufae, exteriore majore, concava, nervofa, ad bafin tuberculata, interiore planiufcula. STAMINA: Filamenta tria, alba, capillaria; An- ther.e: oblongae, utrinque bifidae, flavae aut purpureae. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum, glabrum; Styli duo, fuperne ramofi, inferne nudi, paulo in- fra apicem prodeuntes. NECTARIUM: fquamula parva truncata ad bafin gertninis. SEMEN te6fum, hinc convexum, ftriatum, inde con- cavum. nallide fufeum. The Poa aquatica is one of the largeft as well as the moft ufeful of our gralfes ; it conftitutes a great part of the riches of Cambridgefhire, Lincolnfhire, and other counties, where draining the land by means of windmills has taken place ; immenfe trails of territory that ufed to be overflown and produce ufelefs aquatics, but which ftill retain much moifture, are, by the above procefs, fpontaneoufly covered with this grabs, which not only affords rich pafturage for their cattle in the fummer, but forms the chief part of their winter fodder. It has a powerfully creeping root, and bears frequent mowing well (we have known it cut thrice in one feafon in the vicinity of the Thames); hence it is apt to gain the afcendancy over, rather than be overcome by other plants. It grows not only in very moiff ground, but in the water itfelf: like the Cats-tails, Burr-reed, and feveral other plants of that kind, it loon fills up the watery ditches which furround the meadows in which it grows, and occafions them to require frequent cleanfing ; in this refpedl it is a formidable plant, even in flow rivers. In the Ifle of Ely, they have a particular method of cleanfing the rivers, which are liable to be foon choked up by the Arrow-head, Water-lilies, Reeds, &c. by means of an inflrument called a Bear, which is an iron roller, in which a number of pieces of iron, like fmall fpades, are fixed; this is drawn up and down the river by horfes, which travel on the banks, and tearing up every plant by the roots, they float and are carried away by the ft ream. The Poa aquatica not only affords fuftenance to cattle, but is a favourite food of the Caterpillar of the Gold-fpot Moth (Phalana Fcjiuca.\ Linn.) which Linn/eus deferibes as feeding on the Fcjluca jiuitans, but which feeds with us chiefly on this grafs : the Moth proceeding from this larva, is one of the moll beautiful which this country produces ; the Caterpillar being fmooth and of a green colour, is not eafily diffinguilhed from the grafs on which it feeds; when full-grown, it ufually bends down the top of one of the leaves, and underneath it makes a thin (pinning, in which it changes to chryfalis; this fpinning, from its whitenefs, is eafily difeovered ; but we muff apprize our readers, that thefe Caterpillars are not very numerous, and that they will be fortunate if they find one or two after a long fearch ; the Moth, Caterpillar, and Chryfalis, are figured in Albin’s Englifh Infedls ; but a much better painting of the Moth may be feen in Roesel, Tom. i. Tab. 30. We have generally found them at the commencement of harveft, when the wheat has been in flieaf; the Moth comes forth in a week or two. We obferyed in the Ifle of Ely, a much larger Caterpillar, when full-grown, nearly the fize of the Pb. hairy and very beautiful, not uncommon on this grafs; but not having the proper convenience for breeding it, we are as yet unacquainted with the Moth it produces, but fufpedl it will prove a non-defeript. 1 he Poa aquatica flowers as late as Auguft and September, 2^ / / SHERARDIA ArvENSIS. FIELD SHERARDIA. SHERARDIA Linn. Gen. PI. Tetrandria Monogynia. Cor. i-petala, infundibuliformis. Semina 2, tridentata. Raii Syn. Gen. 12. Herbie Stellate. SHERARDIA arvenfis foliis omnibus verticillatis, floribus terminalibus. Linn. Syfi. Veg, p. 125. Spec. PL p. 149. FL. Suec. n. 120. SHERARDIA foliis fenis lanceolatis, floribus feflilibus umbellatis. Haller Hifi. n. 734. SHERARDIA arvenfis. Scopoli FI. Cam. n. 143. RUBEOLA arvenfis repens caerulea. Bauh. Pin. 334. RUBIA minor pratenfis caerulea. Parkin/, p. 276. RUBEOLA parvo flore caeruleo fe fpargens. I. B. 111. 716. Raii Syn. p. 225. Little Field Madder. Hudfon FI. AngL. ed. 2. p. 66. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 114. RADIX annua, fibrofifiima, fibrillis rufis. < CAULES palmares, fpithamaei et ultra, humifufi, af- | peri, tetragoni. ( FOLIA fuperiora verticillata, fena feu quina, foli- olis lanceolatis, inferiora numero fenfim decrefcunt, et latiora fiunt, infima faepius terna, ovata, femiverticillata, omnibus mu- cronatis, fuperne fcabris. FLORES umbellati, fefliles, parvi, laete purpurei. PEDUNCULI axillares, folitarii, tetragoni, pera&a florefcentia longitudine foliolorum. CALYX: Involucrum o&ophylkum, foliolis lance- olatis, carinatis, ciliatis. CALYX : Perianthium parvum, 6-dentatum, fupe- rum, perfiftens, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, infundibuliformis. Tubus cylindraceus, longus. Limbus quadripartitus, planus, laciniis acutis, 2. STAMINA; Filamenta quatuor ad apicem tubi pofita, demiflb polline reflexa. Anthers fimplices, pallide purpureae, fig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen didymum, oblongum, infe- rum, fig. 4. Stylus filiformis, fuperne bifi- dus. Stigmata capitata, fig. 5. PERICARPIUM nullum; fru6fus oblongus, coronatus, longitudinaliter in duo femina feparabilis. SEMINA bina, oblonga, apice tribus acuminibus notata, hinc convexa, inde plana, fig. 6, 7. ROOT annual, extremely fibrous, the fmall fibres reddifh brown. STALKS a hand’s breadth, half a foot or more in length, laying on the ground, rough and four-cornered. LEAVES ; thofe on the upper part of the ftalk grow- ing in whirls, five or fix together, the leaves lanceolate, the lower leaves gradually decreafing in number, and becoming broader, , the lowermoft generally growing three toge- ! ther, ovate, and forming half a whorl, all of i them terminating in a fhort point, and rough • on the upper fide. 1 FLOWERS growing in umbels, feflile, fmall, of a bright purple colour. | FLOWER-STALKS growing from the alae of the I leaves, folitary, four-cornered, when the ) flowering is over the length of the leaves, i CALYX: an Involucrum of eight leaves, which > are lanceolate, keeled, and edged with hairs. 1 CALYX: a fmall Perianthium, having‘fix teeth, placed on the top of the germen and perma- , nent, fig. i. , COROLLA monopetalous, funnel-fhaped. Tube cy- i lindrical and long. Livib flat, divided into ' four (harp fegments, fig. 2. * 1 STAMINA: four Filaments placed at the top of the tube, turning back on the fhedding of the pol- | len. Anther .E fimple, pale purple, fig. 3. , PISTILLUM: Germen double, oblong, beneath the 1 calyx, fig. 4. Style filiform, bifid at top. 1 Stigmata forming two fmall heads, fig, r. 1 SEED-VESSEL none; the fruit oblong, crowned, feparable longitudinally into.two feeds. SEEDS two together, oblong, furnifhed at top with j three points, convex on one fide and flat on > the other, fig. 6, 7. Tournefort confidered this plant as a fpecies of Aparine. The more accurate Dillenius made a new genus of it, to which he gave the name of his friend and patron, that excellent Englilh Botanift Dr. Sherard. Vid. Dill. Nov. PL. Gen. p. 96. This fmall annual is a native of our corn fields, and common almoft every where, flowering during the greateft part of the fummer. There is a neatnefs in its bloftorns almoft fufficient to recommend it as an ornamental plant: to any other ufe it does not appear to have the lead pretenfions. :k sf/tr/a/a. Sagina Apetala. Annual Pearl-Wort. SAGINA Lin. Gen. PI. Tetrandria Tetragynta. Cal. 4-phyllus. Petala 4. Capf x-locularis, 4-valvis, polyfperma. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. Herbie vasculifera2. SAGINA ape tala radice annua, caule ereftiufculo pubefeente. SAGINA ape tala caule ereftiufculo pubefeente, floribus alternis apetalis. Lin. Mantiff. 559. Syjt. Vegetab. p. 142. SAGINA caulibus ereftis, radice annua, floribus apetalis. Ard Spec. 2. p. 22. t. B.fig. 1. SAXIFRAGA Ahglica Alfmefolia annua. D. Plot Hift. Nat. Oxf. c. 6. §9. t. q.f 7. Rail Syn. p. 345, Annual Pearl-Wort. ALSINE Saxifraga grammifolia, flolculis tetrapetalis herbidis et mufeofis. Pluk. Aim. t. 74. f2. SAGINA procumbens var. P. Hudfon FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 73. ROOT annual and fibrous. STALKS feveral, at firft procumbent, afterwards up- right, from one to three inches or more in height, round, filiform, fomewhat hifpid, and jointed. LEAVES oppofite, linear, and fomewhat awl-fhaped, fhort, terminated by a fine point, and fome- what hifpid. FLOWERS alternate, and Handing on foot-flalks. FLOWER-STALKS firfl drooping at top, finally up- right, covered with a few hairs. CALYX: a Perianthium of four, fometimes five, ovate, obtufe, hollow, fmooth, permanent leaves, with purplifh edges, fg. i. COROLLA: generally compofed of four Petals, which are extremely finall, and fcarcely vifible to the naked eye, white and inverfeiy heart- fhaped, fg. 2. 'STAMINA: four white Filaments, fhorter than the ► calyx. Anthers white, fg. 3. PISTILLUM and Capfule as in the procumbent \ Pearl-Wort. RADIX annua, fibrofa, CAULES plures, primo procumbentes, demum erefli, unciales, triunciales et ultra, teretes, filiformes, hifpiduli, nodofi. FOLIA oppofita, lineari-fubulata, brevia, mucronata, hifpidula. FLORES alterni, pedunculati. PEDUNCULI apice primo nutantes, demum erefli, pilis raris veffiti. CALYX: Perianthium tetraphyllum fubinde pcnta- eum, foliolis ovatis, obtufis, concavis, >us, perfiflentibus, marginibus purpuraf- centibus, fg. 1. COROLLA: Pe t ala plerumque quatuor, minutiffima, nudo oculo vix confpicua, alba, obcordata, fg- 2- ST AMINA -.Filamenta quatuor alba, calyce breviora. Anthers albae, fg. 3. PISTILLUM et Capfula ut in Sagina procumbente. Mr. Ray, in his Synopfis, confiders this fpecies as diflinfl from the procumbens; and informs us, that it differs from it not only in the colour of its flalks and leaves, which are of a browner hue, but that it has an annual root; and that it does not put forth roots at the joints as the procumberis does, he refers to a figure given of it by Plot, in his Natural Hiflory of Oxfordjhire. Notwithfhmding Ray’s defeription, and Plot’s figure, Linnaeus, in his Spec. Plant, confidered it only as a variety of the procumbens; but afterwards, more fully convinced by the defeription and figure given of this plant by Arduini, an Italian Botaniff, he adopts it in his fecond Mantiffa as a fpecies. It appears, by Mr. Hudson’s quotations, that he has been no ftranger to the obfervations of thefe authors; but, in oppofition to them all, he combines it only as a variety. From a thorough convidlion of the propriety of Mr. Ray’s conduft in making it a fpecies, we have given a Apurate figure of it, and fhall not only confirm his account, but give a few additional remarks of our own, which we prefume may finally fettle this matter. The diflinclion of an annual and perennial root, though it cannot be admitted, perhaps, in all cafes as a fpecific character, muff be allowed to have confiderable weight. To afeertain the conflancy of this character we have for feveral years cultivated the two plants clofe together, on a wall with partitions containing earth; the refult has been that the apetala has proved as regular an annual as the Dr aba verna, while the procumbens has continued green through the winter ; and we have no doubt but this always is the cafe with thefe plants, when they grow in their natural fituations. The procumbens is always procumbent; and when it grows, as it moll commonly does, in moift fituations, it mats and fpreads on the ground. The ftalks of the apetala, when the plant is young, fpread on the ground; but as it advances to maturity they rife up, and, if feveral grow together, become quite ered. Where the plants grow fingly, and in a dry fituation, they neither acquire the fame height, nor the fame degree of uprightnefs. Some- times this fpecies is found on moift fhady walls, much taller and more branched than the fpecimens we have figured ; but whether the plants of the apetala be fmall or large, their ftalks and leaves are always hairy; while in the procumbens they are perfedly fmooth, the hairs are vifible to the naked eye, and when magnified have no little globules at their extremities, as thofe of the Spergula faginoides have, which comes very near in its appearance to the Pearl-Wort; thus we find thefe three difficult plants may, with certainty, be diltinguifhed by their flalks alone. The apetala is a fmailer plant than the procumbens, and much finer in its flalks. Its leaves are alfo fhorter by almofl one-half, and lefs fucculent; and thefe, fo far as we have obferved, are the chief differences. From its name one would be led to fuppofe, that it was perfectly apetalous; and both Linnaeus and Arduini deferibe it as fuch. We have generally found it with petals; but lo minute, indeed, as almofl to require a magnifier to render them vifible. Thefe petals we have given a magnified view of, and have reprefented the plant in the feveral flates in which it is found in dry fituations. Mr. Ray does not appear to have had an idea of its being a common plant, as he mentions the particular fpots where it was to be found: with us there is no plant more abundant, efpecially on walls, in gravel walks, where it is a troublefome wmed, and on barren heaths. It flowers in May and June. There is, perhaps, fcarce any plant that is quicker in ripening its feeds. In our examination of this plant we found the egg of a very fmall moth glued to an unripe capfule. the feeds of which wTere probably deflined to feed its caterpillar. POTAMOGETON CRISPUM. CURLED PONDWEED, or Greater Water Caltrops. POTAMOGETON 'Lin. Gen. PL Tetrandria Tetragynia. Cal. O. Petala 4. Stylus o. Sem. 4. Rail Syn. Gen. 5. Herba: flore imperfecto seu stamineo vel apetalo potius. POTAMOGETON crifpum foliis lanceolatis alternis oppofitifve undulatis ferratis. Lin. Syf. Vegetab, p. 141. Sp. Pl.p. 183. FL Suec. n. 148. POTAMOGETON. Hali. Hiji. n. 848. POTAMOGETON crifpum. Scopoli FL Cam. n. 181. POTAMOGETON foliis crifpis feu laUuca ranarum. Bauh. Pin. 465. ¥ POTAMOGETON feu fontinalis crifpa. I. B. III. p. 778. TRIBULUS aquaticus minor Quercus floribus. Ger. em. 1282. TRIBULUS aquaticus minor prior. Park. 1248. Raii Syn. p. 149. The greater Water Caltrops, FLudfon FL Angl. p. 75. Lightfoot FL Scot. p. 122. RADIX perennis, repens. ROOT perennial and creeping. CAULES plurimi, variae longitudinis, fordide carnei, fubdiaphani, comprefli, utrinque fulcati, ramofi. STALKS numerous, of various lengths, of a dirty flefh- colour, fomewhat tranfparent, flattened, with a groove on each fide, and branched. VAGINAL breves, concolores, vix diftinguendae. SHEATHS fhort, of the fame colour as the ftalks, fcarcely to be diflinguilhed. FOLIA feflilia, lanceolata, obtufa, fubdiaphana, crifpa, fcariofa, nitida, trinervia, ferrulata, inferiori- bus alternis, fuperioribus oppofitis. LEAVES felfile, lanceolate, obtufe, fomewhat tranfpa- rent, curled, fonorous to the touch, fhining, three-ribbed, fharply and finely ferrated, the lower ones alternate, the upper ones oppofite. PEDUNCULI axillares, bi feu triunciales, crafliufculi, fubcomprefli. GENERAL FLOWER-STALKS growing Rom the alae of the leaves, two or three inches in length, thickifli, and fomewhat flattened. FLORES fpicati, fex five 0610, fefliles. FLOWERS fix or eight, growing in a fpike, andfeflile. CALYX nullus. CALYX wanting. COROLEA: Petala quatuor, fubrotunda, obtufa, concava, unguiculata, primo erefta, dein pa- tentia, decidua, e fufco viridia. Jig. 1. COROLLA: four Petals, roundilh, obtufe, hollow, conneHed by a little claw, at firft upright, afterwards fpreading and deciduous, of a greenifh brown colour, fg. 1. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, breviflima, vix dif- tinguenda. Anthers breves, didymae, al- b®» fig- 2- STAMINA: four Filaments, very fhort, fcarcely to be diflinguilhed. Anthers fhort, having two feparate lobes, of a white colour. fg. 2. PISTILLUM; Germina quatuor, ovato-acuminata. Stylus nullus. Stigmata obtuia, jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germina four, ovate, with a long point. Style none. Stigmata obtufe, fg. 3. SEMINA quatuor, nuda, majufcula, fordide virentia, utrinque comprefla, externe, ad bafin denti- culata, fig. 4. SEEDS four, naked, rather large, of a dirty green, flat- tened on each fide, toothed externally at the bafe, jig. 4. Moil of the plants of this Genus have creeping roots, which penetrating eafily through the mud, caufe them to fpread very fall, fo as foon to fill up a pond or flow river, if unmolefted. We have obferved, that ducks very readily eat not only the feeds, but the leaves of the prefent fpecies, which is one of the mofl common. The introduftion of water-fowl may therefore probably prevent this fpecies at leaft, and perhaps fome of the others, from increasing too much. It flowers in June and July. Q. As/a/r/ryr/rw crejAewn. 347 ( ' //rrr/wy 6vc///t//on ?m . / / Atropa Belladonna. Dwale, or Deadly Nightshade. ATROPA Linn. Gen. PL Monogynia. Cor. campanulata. Siam, diftantia. Bacca globofa, 2-locularis. Raii. Syn. Gen. 16. Herbie Baccifer^e. ATROPA Belladonna caule herbaceo, foliis ovatis integris. Linn. Syf. Vegetab. ed. 14. p. 221. Sp, Piant. p. 260. BELLADONNA caule herbaceo, brachiato, foliis ovato-lanceolatis, integerrimis. Fdaller. Hif, 579- BELLADONNA trichotoma. Scopoli F7. Cam. n. 255. SOLANUM melanocerafus. Bauh. pin. 166. SOLANUM lethale. Ger. emac. 340. Parkin/. 346. Raii Syn. p. 265. Deadly Nightfhadc, Dwale. Hudfon FI. Angl. p. 93. Ligbtfoot FI. Scot. p. 144. Jacquin FI. Aujir. t. 309. RADIX perennis, craffa, albida, ramofa, repens. CAULES plures, bafi digitum crafli, tripedales et ultra, erefti, herbacei, teretes, ramofi, in apricis fordide purpurei, pubefcentes. FOLIA petiolata, ovata, acuta, integerrima, utrin- que laevia, venofa, ad latera caulis ramo- rumque gemina et magnitudine inaequalia, inter quas pedunculus uniflorus et faepius folitarius egreditur. PEDUNCULI teretes, vifcidi, ad flores paululum in- craffati. FLORES cernui, inodori, fordide purpurei, fubvifcidi, externe nitidi, venofi. CALYX : Perianthium monophyllum, quinque- partitum, angulatum, laciniis ovato-acumi- natis, inaequalibus, vifcofis, fg. 1. COROLLA monopetala, campanulata; Tubus bre- viflimus, albus, fubpentagonus ; Limbus ven- tricofus, ovatus, ore quinquefido, patulo, laciniis fubaequalibus, fg. 2. STAMINA : Filamenta quinque, albida, quorum duo paulo breviora, inferne paulo craffiora, pilofa, apice incurva, longitudine tubi; Anther as magnae, didymae, lutefcentes, re- motae, fg. 3. PISTILLUM: G ermen femiovatum, utrinque ful- catum, ad bafin glandula lutefcente cin6lum; Stylus filiformis, flaminibus longior, in- clinatus ; Stigma capitatum, affurgens, tranfverfo-oblongum, bilabiatum, viride, fig- 4- 1 PERICARPIUM: Bacca atra, nitida, fubrotunda, faporis dulcis, bilocularis, fg. 5, 6. SEMINA plurima, fufca, irregularia, fg. 7. Obf. Semina fufcefcunt priufquam Bacca nigrefcit. ROOT perennial, thick, whitifh, branched, and creeping. STALKS feveral, at bottom the thicknefs of ones finger, three feet or more high, upright, her- baceous, round, branched, in expol'ed fitu- ations of a dingy purple colour, downy. LEAVES handing on footllalks, ovate, pointed, perfe6lly entire, fmooth on both fides, veiny, growing in pairs (but unequal in fize) from the fides of the ftalks, from betwixt them rifes the flower-flalk fupporting one flower, and ufually fmgle. FLOWER-STALKS round, vifcid, thickened fome- what next the flowers. FLOWERS drooping, fcentlefs, of a dingy purple colour, fomewhat vifcid, externally gloffy and veiny. CALYX : a Perianthium of one leaf, deeply di- vided into five fegments, angular, the feg- ments ovato-acuminate, unequal, and vifcous, fig-!• COROLLA monopetalous, bell-fhaped ; Tube very fhort, white, flightly five-cornered ; Limb bellying out, ovate, mouth fpreading, divided into five equal fegments. fg. 2. STAMINA : five Filaments, whitifh, two of which are a little fhorter than the refi, fomewhat thickefl towards the bafe, and hairy, bent down at top, the length of the tube; An- th e r al large, double, yellowifh, and remote, fig■ 3- PISTILLUM: Germen femiovate, with a groove on each fide, furrounded at bottom with a yellowilh gland: Style thread-fhaped, longer than the flamina, inclined down- wards; Stigma forming a little head, tranf- verfely oblong, two-lip’d, of a green colour, fg. 4. SEED-VESSEL : a black, glolfy, roundifh Berry, of a fweet tafle, with two cavities, fg. 5, 6> SEEDS numerous, brown, and irregular in fhape, fig- 7- Obf. The feeds turn brown before the Berry becomes black. , The rage for building, joined to the numerous alterations perpetually making in the environs of London, have been the means of extirpating many plants which formerly grew plentifully around us. To this caufe we are to attribute the lofs of the prefent plant, which the late Sir William Watson and Mr. Stanesby Alchorne of the Tower, gentlemen eminent for their knowledge of Britifh plants, have often affured me grew, within their remembrance, in feveral places near town : happily we are now under the neceflity of going much further into the country, if we wifh to fee it grow wild. We have frequently noticed it in many of the chalk-pits in Kent, and in both fhady and expofed fituations elfewhere; in particular, we remember to have feen it growing in great abundance on Keep-Hill, near High Wycomb, Buckinghamfhire. Clofe by the fpot where we obferved it, there chanced to be a little boy; I afked him, if he knew the plant? He anfwered “ Yes; it was naughty mans cherries.” I then inquired of him, if he had ever eaten any of the berries? He faid he had, with feveral other children from an adjoining poor-houfe, and that it made them all very fick, but that none of them had died. Was not this plant (ludioufly deflroyed wherever it is found wild, it would be much more common than it is; for there are few plants to which nature has been fo liberal in the means of increafe: it has a very large perennial root, which runs deep into the earth, multiplies greatly, and frequently creeps underground to a greatdiftance; added to this, its berries are very numerous, and contain a prodigious quantity of feeds. Forbidding as this plant may appear to fome, its large gloffy berries are certainly a great temptation to children ; and, therefore, gentlemen, if they have the plant in their gardens, (hould never fuffer it to ripen its fruit. It flowers in June and July; its berries are ripe in Augufl and September. Numerous inflances of the pernicious, and even deleterious effe£ls of the deadly Nightfhade are on record ; among others, fuch of our readers as are fond of hiftory will not be difpleafed with the prolixity of the following account taken from Blair’s Pharmaco-Botanologia, p. 81. ££ The Solanum Letha/e feems to produce the fame e fife els with the Hyofcyamus, Cynoglojfum, and other <£ intenfe Narcoticks, which ufually, before they affedl the perfon with deep, produce delirious and maniacal ££ fymptorns ; however, it is an herb of fo pernicious a nature, that fcarce any Author who treats of it fails, <£ from proper obfervation, or good information, to give difmal inflances of its bad effefts. Simon Pauli £f refers us to Lobelias his Adverfaria, and Bodeus d Stapel. Mr. Rays account of what happened to a “ Mendicant Friar, upon the taking a glafs of the infufion of it in mallow wine, gives a good account of the “ various fymptorns it produces. In a fhort time, he became delirious, after a little (Cachinne) a grinning laughter “ like the Rif us Sardonicus fucceeded; after that feveral irregular motions; and at lafl a real madnefs, and ££ fuch a flupidity as thofe that are fottifhly drunk have : which after all was cured by a draught of vinegar. ££ Mr. Miller mentions feveral Children at Croydon, who not long fince were poifoned. Another inflance “ of its bad effefts has fallen under my own obfervation : two or three perfons not far from hence, having il got into a gentleman’s garden, were delighted with the black berries of the Solanum Lethale, and eat fome of £C them; it was very pleafant (within a fhort time after) to fee their frantic humours, geflures, and fpeeches: “ but upon their taking of emeticks in due time, they were cured. It is worthy of recital what Mr. Ray “ tells us happened to a Lady of Quality of his acquaintance, who having a fmall ulcer a little below her “ eye, which flie fufpefted to be cancrous ; fhe applied a bit of the leaf of this Solanum, which fo relaxed ££ the Tunica Uvea in one night, that (he could not contraft the Papilla the next day, fo that the Pupilla of “ the one eye was four times as big as the other; and upon the removal of the leaf, the fibres recovered their “ mufcular tone by degrees: and, left this fhould feem to be merely accidental, file repeated the experiment ££ three times, at which Mr. Ray himfelf was prefent. “ But the moll memorable inflance of the direful effefts of this Plant is to be feen recorded by the cele- “ brated Buchanan, in his Hiflory of Scotland, by which we may obferve how the Almighty God can “ convert the mofl deadly poifons into the fittefl antidotes, for thofe whom he has a mind to preferve. This “ obliges me to make a digreffion, not altogether unfuitable, fince it gives the botanical defeription of a ££ Plant, writ about a hundred and fifty years ago, by one who himfelf was no profeffed Botanift, the ufe *£ made of it, and the wonderful effects it produced. ££ In the reign of Duncan I. King of Scotland (who was afterwards murdered by Mackbeth the Tyrant') “ Harold the Dane invaded England, not long before the days of King William the Conqueror: Sweno, his “ brother, at the fame time invaded Scotland. Upon his landing in Fife, he obtained a fignal vidlory, which ££ obliged the King of Scotland, with the remainder of his routed forces, to retire to Bertha (an ancient town <£ of great note fituated on the river Tay, which was not long after deflroyed by an inundation, and out ££ of whofe ruins the town of Perth was built, and now Hands upon the fame river, two miles nearer the ££ fea) and purfued them fo clofely, that he laid fiege to the town both by land and water. The Scots were ££ put to great (traits, not for want of provifions, but for want of men to repel the befiegers. King Dujican ££ was a peaceable unaflive man ; he had fome time before committed the government to the management of <£ Bancho, of a cunning and fubtle wit; and to Mackbeth, of a fierce, bold, afpiring fpirit. Mackbeth <£ went to the country to raife a reinforcement, while Bancho treated with the enemy, and firfl obtained a <£ ceffation of arms, and then fpun out time by framing of articles of peace. The Danes wanted provifions, ££ but abounded with men; the Scots abounded in provifions, but wanted men. The truce was equally <£ acceptable to both, efpecially to the Danes, who for the prefent expe6led plenty of all things, and for the ££ future the conquell of a whole kingdom. Care was immediately taken by the Scots to afford them all f£ manner of liquors, both wine and ale, and they continued to mix with them a good quantity of the ££ Deadly Nightfhade (this Solanum Lethale, or Somniferum) of which we now treat. The bait took; the ££ Danes drank plentifully, and were all intoxicated: mad with this poifonous juice, and afleep through ££ drunkennefs, the Scots fell upon them, killed the mofl part, and, with much ado, a few remaining got to ££ their veffels, while their befotted King was carried, like a fack-load, upon a beafi down to the river, where . p. 216. Sp, Pl. 321. FL Suec. 222. CHENOPODIUM caule diffufo, foliis obtufe lanceolatis. Haller FUJI. n. 1577. CHENOPODIUM Vulvaria. Scopoli FL Carn, n. 281. ATRIPLEX foetida. Bauh. Pin. 119, ATRIPLEX olida. G«*. 327- ATRIPLEX fylveflris foetida. Park. 749. BLITUM foetidum Vulvaria di&um. Raii. Syn. p. 156. Stinking Orache. Hudfon FI, AngU ed, 2« p. 107. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 149. Tota planta farina alba pellucida adfperfa. The whole plant fprinkled with a white pellucid meal. RADIX annua, fibrofa. ROOT annual and fibrous. CAULES plures, diffufi, teretes, fubflriati, nudiuf- culi. STALKS numerous, fpreading, round, fomewhat ftriated, and thinly belet with leaves. FOLIA alterna, petiolata, rhomboideo-ovata, inte- gerrima. O LEAVES alternate, handing on footftalks, rhomboid- ovate, perfeHly entire. FLOWERS axillary and terminal, thickly cluflered, and fomewhat fpiked. FLORES axillares et terminales, denfe glomerati, fubfpicati. FRUCTIFICATIO a reliquis hujus generis vix diverfa FRUCTIFICATION fcarcely different from the reft of this genus. Fig. 1. exhibet Calycem, Stamina, cum Piftillo, Fig. 1. exhibits the Calyx, with the Stamina and Pif- tillum. Fig. 2. Semen Calyce inclufum* Fig, 2. The Seed enclofed by the Calyx. Fig. 3. The Seed feparate. All magnified Fig. 3. Semen feorfim. Omnia au6L There is fome difficulty in afcertaining feveral of the plants of this genus, but that difficulty cannot be alledged againfl: the prefent fpecies, as it is at all times, both frefli and dried, difcoverable by its fmell alone; the whole plant, if ever fo flightly bruifed betwixt the thumb and fingers, communicating a very permanently di(agreeable odour, refembling, in the opinion of molt perfons, ftale fait fifti: it is, moreover, a procumbent plant. This fpecies is very common in the neighbourhood of London, on dry banks, and at the foot of walls and paling, where it flowers from July to September. Lewis errs egregioufly when he fays it naturally delights in moift places. It is a plant of little confequence, except in a medicinal point of view, and in that its virtues are, perhaps* ill-founded ; it retains however a place in the London and Edinburgh Difpenfatories, £f Stinking Orache, on account of its ftrong fcent, is reckoned an ufeful antihyfteric ; in which intention* ei fome recommend a conferve of the leaves, others a watery infufion, and others a fpirituous tinfture of . Monfi. Hifi. 2. p. 551. hlafi. 28. Diti. Gifis 46. E. N. C. cent. 5. p. 275. t. 4. On thefe feveral authorities we cannot but conclude, that there exifts fuch a plant as the pentandra-, nor can we avoid exprefling a wifh, that fome gentleman, whofe refidence may afford him an opportunity of obferving its hiflory, will favour us with a more complete account of it. c '/{rnmo-ru# C?u/ia/#rui. ' / Agrimonia Eupatoria. Agrimony. AGRIMONIA Linn. Gen. Pl. Dodecandria Digynia. / Cal. 5-dentatus, altero obvallatus. Petala 5. Sem. 2, in fundo calycis. Raii Syn. Gen. 10. Herb.® flore perfecto simplici seminibus nudis SOLITARIIS SEU AD SINGULOS FLORES SINGULIS. AGRIMONIA Eupatoria foliis caulinis pinnatis: impari petiolato, fruftibus hifpidis. Linn, Syfi. Veg. p. 372. Sp. Pl. p. 643. FL Suec. n. 423. AGRIMONIA foliis pinnatis, pinnulis alterne minimis. Haller Hiji. 991. AGRIMONIA Eupatoria. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 567. EUPATORIUM veterum feu Agrimonia. Bauh. Pin. 321. AGRIMONIA Ger. emac. 712. AGRIMONIA vulgaris. Park. 594. Raii Syn.p. 202. Agrimony. Hudfion FI. Angi. ed. 2.p. 206. Lightfoot FL Scot. p. 247. RADIX perennis, raraofa, rubefcens, fquamis nigri- i cantibus obfefla. 1 CAULIS pedalis ad tripedalem, eredus, teres, obfolete angulofus, hirfutus, rubicundus aut rubro pundatus, fimplex vel ramofus. FOLIA alterna, fubambrofiaca, hirfuta, interrupte pinnata cum impari, 5 vel 6 juga, pinnae fuboppofitae, felfiles, fubovatae, venofae, fer- ratae, ciliatae, pinnulae plerumque integrae aut trifidae. STIPULAE duae, oppofitae, majufculae, amplexicaules, patentes, profunde ferratae. BRACTEAE trifidae, laciniis linearibus, hirfutis. SPICA terminalis, elongata, hirfuta, floribus breviter pedicellatis. CALYX: Perianthium monophylIum,quinquefidum, fuperum, perfiftens, laciniis ovatis, acutis, fig. 1. extra fetis filiformibus, rigidis, apice purpureis, uncinatis, cindum, fig. 2. intus fubftantia flava glandulofa claufum; Involu- crum ad bafin germinis diphyllum foliolis binis feu tridentatis, fig. 3. COROLLA: Petala quinque, fubovata, flava, pa- tentia, feflilia, fubftantia glandulofa calycis inferta, fig. 4. STAMINA: Fil amenta undecim, feu duodecim, lutefcentia, curvata, cum petalis inferta. Anthers didymae, comprelfae, fig. 5. PISTILLUM: Germen inferum, fig. 6. Styli duo, curvati, longitudine ftaminum. Stigmata obtufa, fig. 7. PERICARPIUM: Capsula e calyce orta, nutans, extra fulcatum, fuperne cin6ta ariftis unci- natis, unilocularis, fig. 8. SEMINA duo, fubrotunda, glabra, fig. 9. ROOT perennial, branched, of a reddilh colour, be- fet with blackifh fcales. STALK' from one to three feet high, upright, round, faintly angular, hirfute, reddifh or dotted with red, fmgle or branched. LEAVES alternate, fomewhat fragrant, hirfute, inter- ruptedly pinnated with an odd one at the end, compofed of five or fix pair of pinnae, pinnae moftly oppofite, feflile, fomewhat ovate, veiny, ferrated, edged with hairs, the fmall pinnae for the moft part entire or trifid. STIPULAE two, oppofite, rather large, embracing the ftalk, fpreading, and deeply ferrated. FLORAL-LEAVES trifid, the fegments linear and hirfute. SPIKE terminal, elongated, hirfute, the flowers hand- ing on very fhort foot-ftalks. CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, divided into five fegments, placed above the germen, and permanent, the fegments ovate, pointed, fig. i. externally furrounded with rigid, fili- form, hooked bridles, purple at the points, fig. 2. within doled with a yellow glandular fubftance; Involucrum at the bafe of the germen, compofed of two leaves, each of which has two or three teeth, fig. 3. COROLLA: five Petals, fomewhat ovate, yellow, fpreading, felfile, inferted into the glandular fubftance of the calyx, fig. 4. STAMINA: eleven or twelve Filaments, of a yel- lowifh colour, bent and inferted with the petals. Anthers compofed of two lobes and flattened, fig. g. PISTILLUM: Germen beneath the calyx, fig. 6. Styles two, bent, the length of the ftamina. Stigmata blunt, fig. 7. SEED-VESSEL : a Capsule, arifing from the calyx, drooping, grooved on the outfide, on the upper part furrounded with hooked beards, of one cavity, fig. 8. SEEDS two, roundilh and fmooth, fig. 9. Agrimony is a plant of very general growth, being found not only in Europe, but in Virginia and Japan. It has been chiefly regarded as a medicinal plant, and as fuch is often raifed in gardens. Culture does not feem to produce any material change in its quality. Another fpecies or variety, of foreign original, common alfo in our gardens and differing little in appearance from our indigenous Agrimony, promifes to be fuperior to it in virtue, as its taffe is more aromatic, and its fmell much dronger, and very agreeable. Caspar Bauhine calls it Eupatorium odoratum. Fabius Columna Eupatoriam Dioficoridis odoratum et aromaticum. Lewis Difip. ed. Aik. p. 29. The leaves of Agrimony have a (lightly bitterifh, roughidi tade, accompanied with an agreeable, though very weak, aromatic flavour. The flowers are in fmell dronger, and more agreeable, than the leaves, and in tade fomewhat weaker. They readily give out their virtues both to water and re&ified fpirit. The leaves impart to the former a greenifli yellow, to the latter a deep green colour: the flowers yield their own deep yellow tin&ure to both mendrua. Ibid. Agrimony is one of the milder corroborants: and in this intention is fometimes employed, efpecially among the common people, againd habitual diarrhoeas, and cache&ic and other indifpofitions, from a lax date of the folids. Infufions of the leaves, which are not ungrateful, may be drank as tea. It is fometimes joined with other ingredients in diet drinks for purifying the blood, and in peftoral Apozems. Ibid. This plant delights in a dry foil, and grows almod every where in this kingdom, in open padures, in the borders of fields, and by the fides of hedges and ditches, flowering from July to September. Cattle in general diflike and leave it untouched. Sp1 r A a Ulmaria. Meadow-Sweet. SPIRFEA Lin. Gen. FI. Icosandria Pentagynia. Cal. 5-fidus. Petala 5. Capf. polyfpermac. Rail Syn. Gen. 15. Herby semine nudo polyspermy. SPIRyEA Ulmaria foliis pinnatis: impari majore lobato, floribus cymofis. Linn. Syji. Vegetal. p. 393. Sp. Pl. p. 702. FI. Suec. n. 440. F1LIPENDULA foliis pinnatis, acute ferratis, minimis intermifiis, extrema trilobata maxima, Haller, Hifi. n. 1135. tSPIRvEA Ulmaria, Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 603. BARBA CAPRI floribus compadtis. Bauh. Pin. 164. ULMARIA LB. III. 488. REGINA PRATI Ger. emac. p. 1043. ULMARIA vulgaris. Parkinf. 592. Rail Syn. p. 259. Meadow-Sweet. Hudfon FI. Angi. ed. 2* p. 217. Fight foot FI. Scot. p. 259. RADIX perennis, craffitie minimi digiti, obliqua, rubicunda, fibris plurimis ex fufco lutefcen- tibus defcendentibus inflrufta. CAULIS bi feu tripedalis et ultra, ereclus, foliofus, angulatus, glaber, hinc inde rubicundus, plerumque fimplex. FOLIA alterna, petiolata, pinnata, q-vel 5-juga : foliolis oppofitis, feffilibus, ovato-oblongis, fupra viridibus, glabris, lucidiufculis, line- atis, minutim venulofis, rugofis, fubtus ner- vofis, minutim tomentofis, cinereis, margine incifo-dentatis, undique ferratis,- minutim ciliatis; terminatis foliolo majore, trifido- palmato. PETIOLI fubtus convexi, fupra concavi; radicales triplo longiores. STIPULAE amplexicaules, acutas, margine undique ferratas, minutim ciliatae ; partiales in petiolo communi intra fmgulum par pinnarum, fub oppofitas, parvae, inequales magnitudine, ovatae, dentato-ferratas, pariter fubtus to- men tofae. CORYMBUS terminalis, ereftus, minutim pubefcens, pedunculatus, nudus, compofitus e cymis plurimis inaequalibus, intermedia feffili. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllura, fubcampa- nulaturn, ad lentem pubefcens, pallidum, quinquefidum, laciniis ovatis, acutis, demum i. COROLLA: Petala quinque, albida, oblongo- rotundata, unguiculata, patentia, calyce duplo longiora, fig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta viginti plura, filiformia, flavefcentia, longitudine corollae, calyci in- ferta. Antherje, fubrotundae, flavefcentes, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: G ermina quinque, fex, five plura; Styli totidem, fuperne incraffati, reflexa; Stigmata capitata, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM; Capsul/e plurimae, fpiraliter con- tortae, fig.5. ROOT perennial, the thicknefs of the little finger, oblique, reddifh, furnifhed with numerous fibres of a brownifh yellow colour, running deep into the earth. STALK from two to three feet high or more, up- right, leafy, angular, fmooth, here and there of a reddifh colour, for the moff part un- branched. LEAVES alternate, Handing on foot-flalks, pinnated, pinnae from three to five pair, oppofite, fef- file, ovato-oblong, above green, fmooth and fomewhat fhining, minutely veined, and wrinkled, the veins impreffed, beneath ribbed, covered with an afh-coloured downy fnbflance, the edge jagged, ferrated, and finely edged with hairs, the terminal pinna large and deeply divided into three fegments. LEAF-STALKS convex beneath, concave above, thole of the radical leaves three times as long as the others. STIPULAE fiem-clafping, pointed, ferrated, and finely edged with hairs, the partial ones on the common foot-flalk, betwixt each pair of pinnae, nearly oppofite, final 1, unequal in fize, ovate, indented or ferrated, and like the pinnae downy underneath. CORYMBUS terminal, upright, flightly pubefcent, fialked, naked, compofed of feveral une- qual cymae, the intermediate one felfile. CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, fomewhat bell-fhaped, if magnified flightly downy, of a pale colour, divided into five fegments, which are ovate, pointed, and finally re- flexed, jig, i. COROLLA: five whitifh Petals, oblong, roundifh, clawed, fpreading twice the length of the calyx, Jig. 2. STAMINA: twenty Filaments or more, filiform, yellowifh, the length of the corolla, inferted into the calyx. Anthers nearly round, and yellowifh, jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germina five, fix, or more; Styles as many, thickened above and turned back; Stigmata forming little heads, fig. 4. SEED-VESSEL: Capsules feveral, twifted together fpirally, fig. 5. The Meadow-Sweet has been jufily celebrated for its fragrance and beauty, the agreeable odour which the whole plant, but more particularly the flowers, diffufe, has recommended it for the purpofe of Renting rooms, and purifying the air, by firewing it on the floors; it is faid not to a fie 61 the head like other perfumes: the leaves alfo, like thofe of Burnet, impart an agreeable flavour to wine and other liquors. As an ornamental plant, it has long held a place in our gardens, not only in its wild fiate, but with variegated leaves and double flowers. It puts in its claim alfo for medicinal virtues, which, however, do not appear to be of the mod powerful kind; the leaves are recommended as mildly aftringent, and ufeful in Dylenteries; the flowers are faid to be antifpadmotic and diuretic: their pleafant fraell, in which their virtue refides, is foon difiipated by keeping. It grows plentifully in wet meadows and by the fides of ponds and ditches, flowering f rom July to September. Horfes and kine are faid to refufe it, fheep to eat it, and goats to be particularly fond of it; as it forms a great part of the pafturage in fome meadows, it is of confequence for the hufbandman more clearly to afcertain whether horfes and cows refufe the young foliage, and whether they rejetl the whole plant when made into hay. We have frequently obferved fmall red tubercles on the leaves, which we have luppofed to be occafioned by fome fpecies of Cynips. * :u<> ///ms/r/rt . Rosa Canina. Dog Rose. ROSA Linn. Gen. PL Icosandria Polygynia. CaL urceolatus, quinquefidus, carnofus, collo coarftatus. Petala 5. San. plu- rima, hifpida, calycis interiori lateri affixa. Rail Syn. Arbores et Frutices. ROSA canina germinibus ovatis, pedunculifque glabris, caule petiolifque aculeatis, Linn. Syfl. Ve- getal?, p. 394. Sp. PL p. 704. FL Suec. n. 441. ROSA fpinis aduncis, foliis feptenis, calycibus tomentofis, fegmentis pinnatis et femipinnatis, tubis breviffimis. Haller Hijl. n. 1101. ROSA canina. Scopoli FL Carn. n. 604. ROSA fylveftris vulgaris flore odorato incarnato. Bank. Pin. p. 483. ROSA fylveftris inodora f. canina. Parii, p. 1017. fylveftris alba cum rubore folio glabro. I. B. //. p. 43. Raii Syn. p. 454. Cynofbatos et Cynorrhodon Officinarum. The common wild Briar or Dog’s Rofe, the Hep-Tree, Hudfoi FL Angl. ed. 2. p. 220. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 262. FLUTEX fepedalis et ultra, aculeatus, fcandens, fer- penfve. CAULIS teres, viridis, feu purpureus, ramofus, acu- leatus, aculei validi, recurvi, juniores ruber- rimi, fenefcentes cinerei. FOLIA alterna, pinnata, plerumque feptena, inodora, foliolis feffilibus, ovatis, acutis, ferratis, fu- perne nitidis, inferne pallidioribus, inferiori- bus fenfim minoribus, nervo medio fubtus aculeato. STIPULAE denticulatae, denticulis apice rubris, capi- tatis. FLORES terminales, bini feu terni, etiam feni, pedun- culati, pedunculis teretibus, nudis, CALYX: calycis foliola lanceolata, longe caudata, duo fimplicia, duo utrinque pinnata, pinnis latef- centibus, acutis, unum ab altero tantum latere i. COROLLA: Petala quinque, obcordata, remotiuf- cula, carnea, ad bafin pallidiora. STAMINA: Filamenta plurima, lutea, fetacea. Anthers incumbentes, 2. PISTILLUM: Germina plurima, intra tubum caly- cis, fig. 3. oblonga, lanata. Styli filiformes. Stigmata plurima, ar£le conniventia in ca- pitulum, 3. PERICARPIUM: Bacca ovalis, nitida, coccinea, uni- locularis. SEMINA plurima, lutefcentia, fubovata, lanata, apice barbata. A SHRUB fix feet or more in height, prickly, climb- ing or creeping. STALK round, green, or purple, branched and prick- ly, prickles ftrong, crooked back, the young ones bright red, the old ones afh-coloured. LEAVES alternate, pinnated, confifting for the moft part of feven folioli, which are fcentlefs, ovate, pointed, ferrated, the upper fide (hining, the lower fide paler, the lowermoft ones gradually fmalleft, the mid-rib prickly underneath. STIPULAE finely toothed, the teeth tipped with red, and terminated by a globule. FLOWERS terminal, growing two or three, even fometimes fix together, Banding on foot- ffalks, which are round and naked. CALYX: the folioli lanceolate, and long-tailed, two of them fimple, two pinnated on each fide, the pinnae broadifh and pointed, and one pin- nated only on one fide, fg. 1. COROLLA: five Petals inverfely cordate, a little remote from each other, pale red, fainteft towards the bafe. STAMINA: Filaments numerous,yellow,tapering. Anthers incumbent, and ovate. Jig. 2. PISTILLUM: Germina numerous, within the tube of the calyx, Jig. 3. oblong and woolly. Styles filiform. Stigmata numerous, clofely uniting and forming a little 3. SEED-VESSEL: an oval, finning, fcarlet Berry of one cavity. SEEDS numerous, yellowifh, fomewhat ovate, woolly, bearded at top. We remember fomewhere to have feen an attempt to verfify the Genera Plantarum: fliould fuch a plan ever be ferioufly agitated, we might recommend the following lines, written perhaps.before any true notion was tertained of genus or fpecies, as expreffive of the Rofe: “ Quinque fumus fratres, fub eodem tempore nati, “ Bini barbati, bini fine crine creati, ff Quintus habet barbam, fed tantum dimidiatam.” On examination it will appear, that this defcription, however quaint, accords exaftly with the calyx in mod, if not all, the fpecies of this genus. In feme parts of Europe, particularly Auftria and Carniola, the Rofes are much more numerous than with us; and appear to create difficulties in determining the fpecies to which we are happily ftrangers. Scopoli thus exclaims: /'///(’//////ft (/J /<7//s///.i. Tormentilla Officinalis. Tormentil. TORMENTILLA Linn. Gen. PI. Icosandria Polygynia. . Cal. 8-fidus. Petala 4. Sem. fubrotunda, nuda, receptaculo parvo exfucco affixa. Rail Syn. Gen. ir Herby semine nudo polyspermy. TORMENTILLA officinalis. TORMENTILLA e'rehla caule ereftiufculo, foliis feffilibus. Lin. Syfl. Vegetal, p. 399. Sp. P/. p. 716. FI. Suec. n. 4^o. FRAGRARIA tetrapetala* foliis caulinis feflilibus, quinatis. Haller. HJI. n. 1117. PO 1 ENTILLA Formentilla ere Aa. Scop oh FI. Cam. n. 620. TORMENTILLA fylveftrisi Bauh. Pin. 326. TORMENTILLA Ger. emac. 992. vulgaris Park inf. 394. Raii Syn. p. 257. Tormentil, Septfoil. Hudfon FI. Angl. cd. 2. p. 225. Light foot FI. Scot. p. 272. RADIX craffa, tuberofa, varias magnitudinis et for- mas, extus fufca, intus rubicunda. CAULES plures ex una radice, fpithamaci et ultra, procumbentes, teretes, filiformes, pilofi, in- ferne fimplices, et faepe nudi, fuperne ramoli. FOLIA alterna, felfilia, amplexicauli-perfoliata, mul- tifida, utrinque parce pubefcentia, fupra fa- turate viridia, laciniis obverfe lanceolatis, obtufis, fuperne latioribus, incifis, patentibus, tribus exterioribus duplo longioribus. PEDUNCULI axillares, filiformes, elongati, uniflori, nudi, pilofi. FLORES primo cernui, poflea erefli. CALYX: Pe rianthium monophyllum, ofloparti- tum, pubefcens, laciniis ovatis, acutis, pa- tentibus, alternis minoribus, yhp i. COROLLA: Pe tala quatuor, lutea, obcordata, plana, patentia, unguibus calyci inferta, fig- 2. STAMINA: Filamenta fedecim circiter, calyci inferta, corolla breviora; Anthers fim- plices, luteas, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germina 06I0 circiter, glabra, fub- rotunda, in capitulum conniventia, fig. 4. Styli filiformes, longitudine flaminum, la- teri germinis inferti; Stigmata obtufa, fig. z. au6l. RECEPTACULUM villofum. SEMINA tot quot germina, oblongiufcula, obtufa, glabra, nuda, lutefcentia, fig. 6. ROOT thick, and tuberous, various both in fize and fhape, externally brown, internally red. STALKS feveral from one root, a fpan or more in length, procumbent, round, filiform, hairy, be- low fimple and often naked, above branched. LEAVES alternate* feflile, nearly perfoliate, on each fide flightly pubefcent, above of a deep green colour, divided into many fegments, the fcg- ments inverfely lanceolate, obtufe, broadelt above, ferrated on the edges, and fpreading, the three outermofl twice as long as the others. FLOWER-STALKS axillary, filiform, long, fup- porting one flower, naked, and hairy. FLOWERS at firft drooping, afterwards upright. CALYX: a Pe rianthium of one leaf, deeply di- vided into eight fegments, downy, the fegments ovate, pointed, alternately lead, fig. i. COROLLA: four Petals, of a yellow colour, in- verfely heart-fhaped, flat, fpreading, inferted by the claws into the calyx, fig. 2. STAMINA: about fixteen Filaments, inferted into the calyx, fhorter than the corolla; Anthe- r/E fimple and yellow, fig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germina about eight, fmooth, round- ifh, forming a little head, fig. 4. Styles filiform, the length of the flamina, inferted into the fide of the germen; Stigma blunt, fig. g. magnified. RECEPTACLE villous. SEEDS as numerous as the germina, rather oblong, obtufe, fmooth, naked, and yellowilh,yfg. 6. Tormentil is a plant of confiderable importance in rural ceconomy and medicine. The roots are ufed in mofl of the Weflern Hies, and in the Orkneys, for tanning of leather ; in which intention they are proved, by fome late experiments, to be fuperior even to the oak-bark. They are firft of all boiled in water, and the leather afterwards ftceped in the cold liquor. In the iflands of Firey and Col the inhabitants have deflroyed fo much ground by digging them up, that they have lately been prohibited the ufe of them. Light foot FI. Scot. p. 272. Confidered medicinally, Tormentil root is a ftrong and alrnofl flavourlefs aftringent, and gives out its aflringency both to water and reClified fpirit, mofl perfectly to the latter: the watery decoftion, of a tranfparent brownifh-red colour whilft hot, becomes turbid in cooling like that of the Peruvian bark, and depolits a portion of refinous matter: the fpirituous tincture, of a brighter reddifh colour, retains its pelluciditv. The extracts obtained by infpiffation, are intenfely flyptic, the fpirituous molt fo. It is generally given in decoClion : an ounce and a half of the powdered root may be boiled in three pints of water to a quart, adding, towards the end of the boiling, a drachm of cinnamon : of the drained liquor, fweetened with an ounce of any agreeable fyrup, two ounces or more may be taken four or five times a day. We are by no means fond of changing the Linnsean names, but on the prefent occafion we are, in fome degree, compelled to it, from the great inconvenience we have experienced in calling a plant ere Si a, which with us is always procumbent, unlefs drawn up by furrounding herbage, or by growing in woods, where it more rarely occurs. Its mofl ufual place of growth is on heaths, moors, and mountainous paflures, where it is extremely common* and flowers from June to September. Linn.eus appears to have been induced to call this plant erePta, by way of contrail to the Formcntilla reptans, which he enumerates as a fpecies: fuch a plant is certainly figured and deferibed by feveral Englifh Botanifls* but we never yet faw any fpecies of Tormentil with a creeping flalk ; we have obferved the common Tormentil vary much in fize, in the length of its branches, and in the number and fize of its petals; we have noticed the leaves fometimes to have foot-flalks, and we have for feveral years cultivated a large variety of this plant, which from one root lias extended its ftalks nearly a yard every way* and though they have lain clofe to the ground, on a moifl foil, we never could perceive the leafl tendency in them to throw out roots at the joints; hence we are induced to conclude, that no other than one fpecies of Tormentil exifls. As the Tormentil varies with five petals, fo the Potentilla reptans has fometimes only four, and, perhaps, a ftarved fpecimen of the latter, originally gave rife to the Formentilla reptans. This occafional variation in the number of the petals, &c. at once deflroys the generic chara6ler of the Tormentil; for, add one-fifth part more of the fruClification to thofe which already exifl in the Tormentilla, and you make a Potentilla of it; or vice verfd, take one fifth-part of the fructification from a Potentilla and it becomes a Tormentilla; they ought furely then to form but one genus: Scopoli unites them, facetioufly remarking, Monoculum Hominem ab humano genere quis feparabit: Haller joins the Potentilla} Formentilla, Fragrandi and Sibbaldia, in one family. Cistus Helianthemum. Dwarf Cistus. CISTUS Lin. Gen. PL Polyandria Monogynia. Cor. 5-petala. Cal. 5-phyllus ; foliolis duobus minoribus. Capfula. Rail Syn. Gen. 24. Herbie pentapetalal vasculifer^e. CISTUS Flelianthemum fuffruticofus procumbens, dipulis lanceolatis, foliis oblongis revolutis fubpilofis. Lin. Syf. Vegetab. Sp. PL 744. FL Suec. n. 472. CISTUS foliis conjugatis, ellipticis, hirfutis, integerrimis, petiolis unifloris, fubhirfutis. Hali. FUJI. 1033. CISTUS Flelianthemum. Scopoli FL Cam. n. 649. CISTUS vulgaris flore luteo. Bauh. Pin. 465. HELIANTHEMUM Anglicum luteum. Ger. em. 1282. HELIANTHEMUM vulgare. Parkinf.Cgfi. Rail Syn. p. 341. Dwarf Cidus, or little Sun-Flower. Hudfon FI, Angl, ed. 2. p. 233. Ligbtfoot FL Scot. p. 281. Oeder FI. Dan. 101. RADIX perennis, fublignofa, fufca. CAULES plurimi, fuffruticofi, procumbentes, teretes, inferne glabri, fuperne hirfutuli, faepius rubi- cundi. FOLIA oppofita, brevidime petiolata, oblongo-ovata, acutiufcula, marginibus fubrevolutis, fuperne faturate viridia, fcabriufcula, fubpilofa, pilis furcatis, inferne fubtomentofa, fg. i. STIPULAE quaternae, lanceolatae, pilofae. CALYX : Perianthium pentaphyllum, perfidens, fo- liolis tribus fupenoribus ovatis, obtufiufculis, membranaceis, fubdiaphanis, aequalibus, con- cavis, trinervibus, nervis coloratis, hirfutulis, duobus inferioribus minimis, lateralibus hir- futis, fg, 2, 3. COROLLA: Petala quinque obcordata, flava, mar- gine exteriore crenulata, fg. 4. STAMINA : Filamenta numerofa, capillaria, flava, receptaculo fupra calycem inferta. An fubrotundae, parvae, flavae, fg. 5. PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum. Stylus lon- gitudine daminum, fuperne cradior, inferne faepius curvatus. Stigma capitatum, planum, fg- 6- PERICARPIUM: Capsula fubrotunda, calyce te£la, unilocularis, trivalvis, fg, 7. SEMINA plurima, majufcula, ovato-acuta, rufa, fg. 8. ROOT perennial, fomewhat woody and brown. STALKS numerous, fomewhat dirubby, procumbent, round, below fmooth, above dightly hairy, mod commonly reddifh. LEAVES oppofite, danding on very fhort foot-dalks, of an oblong ovate fhape, fomewhat pointed, the edges dightly rolled back, on the upper dde of a deep green colour, roughifh, and fomewhat hairy, the hairs forked, on the under fide a little downy, fg. 1, STIPULAE growing four together, lanceolate, and hairy. CALYX : a Perianthium of five leaves and perma- nent, the three uppermod ones ovate, bluntifh, membranous, fomewhat tranfparent, equal, concave, three-ribbed, the ribs coloured and hairy, the two lowermod very fmall, lateral, and hairy, fg. 2, 3. COROLLA: five Petals inverfely heart-fhaped, of a yellow colour, the outer edge dightly notched, M- 4- STAMINA : Filaments numerous, capillary, yellow, inferted into the receptacle above the calyx. Anthers roundifh, fmall, and 5. PISTILLUM: Germen roundifh. Style the length of the damina, thicker in its upper part, and crooked below. Stigma forming a little dat head, fg, 6. SEED-VESSEL: a roundifh Capsule, covered with the calyx, of one cavity and three valves, fig-i- SEEDS numerous, rather large, ovate, pointed, and of a reddifh brown colour, fig. 8. Mod of the plants of the Cidus tribe are highly edeemed for their beauty, and generally cultivated in the gardens of the curious. Though our prefent fpecies cannot vie with many of thofe which are the produce of warmer climates, yet it is one of the mod ornamental of our native plants, and admirably well calculated to decorate a rock or dry bank, efpecially if its feveral varieties with white, rofe, and lemon-coloured flowers be intermixed. The particular merit of this plant is, that it is hardy, eafily propagated, either by feeds or cuttings, and continues for the greated part of the dimmer to put forth daily a multitude of new bloflbms. Mr. Lawson is faid by Mr. Ray to have found it producing white flowers. I have myfelf obfervcd a wild variety with pale yellow bloflbms. A variety with double flowers is mentioned by Haller, which, if it could be procured, would be a valuable acquifition to our gardens. Linnaeus has remarked, that the petals fometimes have an orange-coloured fpot at their bafe; and the leaves have been obferved to vary much in breadth. In chalky foils the Cifus Helianthemum is extremely common; but as that does not abound in the neighbourhood of London, it is confequently fcarce with us. On a clofe examination of the hairs on the leaves we difcovered them to be forked; a charafter which may, perhaps, contribute to didinguifh it from the po/ifolia, to which it feems very nearly related. It flowers from June to Auguf. ■/>, 'cy/aver aurM-m.. Papaver Dubium. Long-Smooth-Headed Poppy. PAPAVER Linn. Gen. PL Polyandria Monogynia. Cor. 4-petala. Cal, 2-phyllus. Capfula fub digmate perflflents poris dehifcens. Rail Syn, Gen. 22. Herbie flore tetrapetalo anomaly, PAPAVER dubium capfulis oblongis glabris, caule multifloro fetis adpreflis, foliis pinnatifidis incilis» Linn, Syji. Vegetab. p. 407. Sp. PL 726. FL Suec. n, 467. PAPAVER foliis hifpidis, pinnatis, pinnis lobatis, fruftu ovato laevi. Haller. Hijl, n. 1063. PAPAVER erraticum capite longiflimo glabro. Tourn, Inft, 238. PAPAVER laciniato folio, capitulo longiore glabro, feu Argemone capitulo longiore glabro. Mor. H, R, Bl. H, Ox. II. 279. S. III. t. 14. fig. 11. Raii Syn, p. 309. Smooth-headed Ballard-Poppy. Hudfon. FL. Angi. p. 231. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 280. This plant, in its general appearance, is fo very fimilar to the Papaver Rhceas, as often to be overlooked and miflaken for that fpecies. Were the flowers white, as Jacquin informs us they conftantly are in Auftria, the two plants would be much more obvioufly diftinguifhed; but, fortunately, it has a few chara&ers which always point it out to the attentive obferver. Thefe are principally drawn from the Capfules and Flower-ftalks; the Capfules of the Rhceas are broad and fliort, fomewhat refembling one-half of an egg cut tranfverfely: thofe of the dubium are long and (lender. Such is the general appearance of the two Capfules, which, however, are fubjeft to confiderable variation. In the Rhceas, the hairs on the Flower-ftalk are ftrong, rigid, and fpread horizontally; in the dubium they are finer, and prefled upward dofe to the ftalk*. On the young Flower-ftalks, they aflume a fhining, filvery-white appearance, which looks very beautiful. Below the Flower- ftalks, on the other parts of the plant, the hairs fpread out. In this laft character we do not recolleft to have ever been deceived. Befides thefe, which are the principal differences, the ftalks and leaves of the dubium are much paler: the flowers are alfo much fmaller, and lefs intenfely red. Culture produces no alteration in the conftancy of its chara&ers. In Batterfea-Fields, where the foil is light, the dubium is nearly as common, and as much of a weed, as the Rhceas; nor is it unfrequent on walls, in the environs of the Metropolis; according to Mr. Lightfoot, it is the moft common fpecies in North-Britain. In a corn field, betwixt Croydon and Shirley-Common, we once noticed feveral fpecimens of this poppy with very large Capfules, which, if we miftake not, were difeafed. It flowers in June. * Jacquin’s figure reprefents the hairs of the Flower-ftalks reverfed, and the leaves too finely divided. Papaver Argemone. Long Prickly-Headed Poppy. PAPAVER Linn,Gen,Pl, Polyandria Monogykia. Cor. 4-petaIa. Cal. 2-phyllus. Capfula i-locularis, fub (ligmate per- (iftente poris dehifcens. Raii Syn. Gen, 22• Herbae flore tetrapetalo anomale. PAPAVER Argemone capfulis clavatis hifpidis, caule foliofo multifloro. Linn, Syfi. Vegetab. p. 407. Spec. Pl. 725. FI. Suec. n. 466, PAPAVER foliis hifpidis, pinnatis, pinnis lobatis, capitulis ellipticis, hifpidis. Haller Hift. n. 1063. PAPAVER Argemone. Scopoli FI, Carn. n. 636. ARGEMONE capitulo longiore. C, Bank, Pin, 172. Ger, emac. 273. Park. 370. PAPAVER laciniato folio, capitulo hifpido longiore. Rail Syn. p. 308. Long rough-headed baftard Poppy. Hud/on FI. Angl. ed. 2, p. 230. Lighijoot FL Scot. p. 279. ROOT annual, (imple, and fibrous. STALK: where the plant grows luxuriantly, it puts - forth feveral leafy, hairy ftalks, a foot or more in height, and bending upwards ; but among corn it is mod commonly found with a fingle upright ftem. LEAVES next the root numerous, Handing on long foot-ftalks, pinnated, the pinnas deeply in- dented, the teeth terminating in a fhort point, thofe of the ftalk deeply divided into three fegments which are pinnatifid, all the leaves are hairy, on the upper fide of a deep green colour, and finning, on the underlids paler. FLOWER-STALKS hairy, hairs prefled clofe to the ftalk. CALYX: a Perianthium compofed of two or three leaves, deciduous, hifpid, the hairs iflti- ing from fmall papillae or prominent points. COROLLA: four Petals, of a fcarlet colour nearly upright, a little diftant from each other, in- verfely ovate, finely notched at top, and blackifh at the bafe, fig. i, STAMINA: about twenty Filaments, of a purple colour, flat, dilated at top, and finning. An- thers Handing each on a very fhort foot- ftalk, having two cavities. Pollen blueifh. Jig. 2. one of the ftamina magnified, Jig, 3. PISTILLUM: Germen the length of the filaments, the thickeft at top, fomewhat angular, hifpid, the hairs grey and prefled to it. Stigma compofed of 3 to 5 villous rays, of a blueifti colour, Jig. 4. SEED-VESSEL: an oblong, club-fhaped Capsule, fomewhat angular, hifpid, below for the mofl part naked, of a purplifh colour, fig. 5. SEEDS numerous, minute, and blackilh. Jig, 6, 7. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa. CAULIS: ubi laete crefcit caules profert plures, pedales, et ultra, fohofos, adfcendentes, hirfutos, inter fegetes vero caule folitario eredlo faepius gaudet. FOLIA radicalia plurima, longe petiolata, pinnata, pinnis incifo-dentatis, dentibus mucronatis, caulina tripartita, pinnatifida, omnibus pilo- fis, fuperne faturate viridibus, nitidis, inferne pallidioribus, PEDUNCULI pilofi, pilis adpreflis. CALYX: Perianthium diphyllum, feu triphyllum, deciduum, papillofo-hifpidum. COROLLA: Petala quatuor, miniata, fuberefta, remotiufcula, obverfe ovata, apice crenulata, bafi nigricantia, maxime caduca, fg. 1. STAMINA: Filamenta viginti circiter, purpurea, plana, apice dilatata, nitida. Anthers breviffime pedicellatae, biloculares. Pollen cserulefcens, jig. 2. au6l. fg. 3. PISTILLUM: G ermen longitudine filamentorum, clavatum, fubangulatum, hifpidum, pilis canis, adpreflis. Stigmatis radii 3 ad 5 villofi, caerulefcentes, fg. 4. PERICARPIUM : Capsula oblonga, clavata, fub- angulofa, hifpida, inferne nudiufcula, pur- purafeens, fg. 5. SEMINA plurima, minuta, 6,7. This fpecies of Poppy is diftinguifhed by a variety of particulars befides its long prickly heads, which, though not abfolutely neceflary to difcriminate the fpecies, are well worthy of our attention. The divifions of the leaves are finer than in any of the other poppies. The petals in general grow more upright; and, inftead of having the edges falling over each other, are ufually a little diftant. The ftamina are very remark- able, having the filaments uncommonly dilated towards the top, not at the bafe, as Haller aflerts; and the Antherae ftand on a very {lender foot-ftalk placed on the top of each filament. Like moft of the other poppies it ufually grows in corn-fields, and is not very unfrequent in the neighbour- hood of London. About the beginning of June it bloflbms in Batterfea-Fields ; but is often overlooked from the extreme fugacity of its petals, which rarely continue expanded more than fix hours. 3*3 ffiaVio/i/W' f- / / Origanum Vulgare. Wild Marjoram. ORIGANUM. Lin* Gen* PL Didynamia Gymnospermia. Strobilus tetragonus, fpicatus, Calyces colligens, fg. 6. Rail Synop. Gen. 14. Suffrutices et Herbae verticillat^e. ORIGANUM vulgare fpicis fubrotundis paniculatis conglomeratis, bradeis calyce longioribus ovatis. Lin. Syji. Vegetab. p. 452. Spec-, PL p, 824. FL Suec. n. 534. ORIGANUM foliis ovatis* umbellis coloratis, haminibus exfertis. Fdaller FUJI. n. 233. ORIGANUM vulgare. Scopoli FL Carn. n. 740. ORIGANUM fylvehre. Bauh. pin. 223. ORIGANUM anglicum. Ger. emac. 666* MAJORANA fylvehris. Park. 12. ORIGANUM vulgare fpontaneum. Bauh. FUJI. III. 236- Raii Syn. 236. Wild Marjoram. Hudfon FL Angi. ed. 2p. 262. Lightfoot FL Scot. p. 317. RADIX perennis, repens, horizontalis, fufca, pluri- ( mis fibris capillata. ( CAULIS pedalis, ad fefquipedalem, eredus, tetra- ( gonus, purpurafcens, pubefcens, ramofus, ( RAMI oppofiti, efe6li, caule teneriores, in caeteris < conformes. < FOLIA ad genicula, oppofita, petiolata, ovata, acuta, 1 minutim et rariter .dentata, fupra glabri uf- ( cula, fubtus pubefcentia, utrinque pun6fata, ‘ margine minutim ciliata, patentia. PETIOLI pubefcentes. AXILLAE foliorum in planta culta foliolis onuhae. 1 FLORES paniculati, panicula e fpicis plurimis, Sub- rotundis, conglomeratis com polita. BRACTEAE ovato-lanceolatae, feffiles, concavae, in- tegrae, corolla intenfius coloraiae, ad lentem pubefcentes, floribus fubjedae fmgulae, fig. 1. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, tubulatum, hriatum, fubpubefcens, pedicellatum, longitu- dine fere bradeae, ore barbato, quinquefido, laciniis acutis, eredis, aequalibus, purpureis, fig. 2. COROLLA infundibuliformis, purpurea, tubus vil- lofus, fenfim furfus ampliatus, calyce longior, limbus bilabiatus, labium fuperius eredum, bifidum, obtufum, inferius trifidum, patens, obtufum, fig. 3. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, purpurea, corol- la paulo longiora, duobus inferioribus paulo longioribus; Anthers didymae, faturatius coloratae, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Ge rmen quadripartitum ; Stylus filiformis, corolla longior; Stigma bifidum, acutum, revolutum, fig. 5. SEMINA quatuor, ovata, in fmu calycis conni- ventis. ROOT perennial, creeping, horizontal, brown, tufted with numerous fibres. STALK, a foot or a foot and a half high, upright, four cornered, purplifh, downy, and branched. BRANCHES oppofite, upright, more tender than the halk, in other refpeds fimilar. LEAVES placed at the joints, oppofite, handing on foot-flalks, ovate, pointed, finely and rarely toothed, above nearly fmooth, be- neath downy, dotted on both fides, the edge finely fringed, fpreading. LEAF-STALKS downy. ALAE of the leaves, n the cultivated plant, bearing numerous fmall leaves;. FLOWERS forming a 'panicle, compofed of numerous roundifh fpikes, growing in duffers. FLORAL-LEAVES ovato-lanceolate, feffile, con- cave, entire, more deeply coloured than the corolla, appearing downy when magnified, placed one under each flower, jig. i. CALYX: A Perianthium of one leaf, tubular, flriated, flightly downy, handing on a fhort foot-halk, and almoh the length of the floral- leaf, the mouth bearded, divided into five, pointed, upright, equal, purple fegrnents, M- 2. COROLLA funnel-fhaped, purple, the tube villous, gradually enlarged upwards, longer than the calyx, the limb compofed of two lips, the upper Up upright, bifid and obtufe, the lower Up trifid, fpreading and obtufe, jig. 3. STAMINA: four purple Filaments, a little longer than the corolla, the two lowermoh forac- what the longeh; Anthers double, and more deeply coloured, jig. 4. PISTILLUM : Germen divided into four parts. Style filiform, longer than the corolla; Stigma bifid, pointed, and turned back, fig- 5■ . ' SEEDS four, ovate, m the bottom of the calyx, which clofes over them. This aromatic and ornamental plant, grows wild on dry chalky hills, and gravelly ground, in mofl parts of Great-Britain, though fparingly in the vicinity of London. It flowers in July and Augufl. The leaves and flowery tops of Origanum have an agreeable aromatic fmell, and a pungent tafle, warmer than that of the Garden Marjoram, and much refembling Thyme; with which they appear to agree in medi- cinal virtue. Infufiqns of them are fometimes drank as tea, in weaknefs of the flornach, diforders of the breafl, for promoting perfpiration, and the fluid fecretions in general; they are fometimes ufed alfo in nervine and antirheumatic baths; and the powder of the dried herb as an errhine. Diflilled with water, they yield a moderate quantity of a very acrid and penetrating eflential oil, fuelling flrongly of the Origanum, but lefs agreeable than the herb itfelf: this oil is applied on a little cotton for eafing the pains of carious teeth; and fometimes diluted and rubbed on the nofirils, or fnuffed up the nofe, for attenuating and evacuating mucous humours. Lewis M. Med. p. 469. It dyes linen cloth of a reddifh brown colour; for this purpofe the linen is firfl macerated in alum water and dried; it is then foaked for two days in a decoFlion of the bark of the crab-tree; it is wrung out of this, boiled in a ley of afhes, and then differed to bod in the decoFlion. Haller Hifi. Hclv. p. 102. According it dyes woollen cloth alio of a purple colour; is fometimes ufed as a fuccedaneum for tea, and added to beer to make it more quickly intoxicate, as likewife to prevent it from too quickly turning four. 338 (Irw/iWHnt /?w/psfw Teucrium Scorodonia. Sage-Leaved Germander, or Wood Sage. TEUCRIUM Linn, Gen. PL Didynamia Gymnospermia. Corollae labium fuperius (nullum) ultra bafin bipartitum, divaricatum ubi flamina. Raii Syn. Gen. 14. Suffrutices et Herbae verticillat as, TEUCRIUM Scorodonia foliis cordatis ferratis petiolatis, racemis lateralibus fecundis, caule ere6lo. Linn. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 440. Sp. Pl. 789. CHAMyEDRYS foliis cordatis produdis, fpicis longiffimis nudis heteromallis. Haller. Hift. n. 287. TEUCRIUM Scorodonia. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 721. SCORDIUM alterum five Salvia agreflis. Bank. Pin. 247. SCORODONIA five Salvia agreftis. Ger. em. 662. SCORODONIA Scordium alterum quibufdam et Salvia agreftis. Park. 111. Raii Syn. 245. Hudfon. FI. Angi. p. 248. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 303. FI. Ban. t. 485. RADIX perennis, lignofa, fubrepens. CAULES plures, fefquipedales, bipedales et ultra, fubere6li, tetragoni, duri, purpurei, hirfuti. FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, cordato-oblonga, plerum- que obtufa, faepe tamen acutiufcula. Salviae inhar venofa, utrinque hirfutula, obtufe et inaequaliter ferrata. PETIOLI hirfuti. FLORES hraminei, racemofi, fecundi, racemis op- pofitis, longis, nudis, terminali duplo fere longiore. BRACT aEA ovato-acuminata, fingulo flori fubjecla. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, tubulofum, bafi inferne gibbofum, labio fuperiore ereUo, integro, aut obfolete trilobo ; inferiore qua- dridentato, dentibus fubaequaiibus, Jig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, ringens; Tubus, cylindra- ceus, brevis; Labium fuperius ultra bafin profunde bipartitum, dillantibus ad latera laciniis; Labium inferius patens, trifidum, laciniis lateralibus figura labii fuperioris, me- dia maxima, fubrotunda, fig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, quorum duo lon- giora, purpurea, pilofa, primo erecla, conni- ventia, pohea reflexa, et disjunfta. An the r m flavas, Jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen quadripartitum. Stylus filiformis. Stigmata duo, tenuia, fig. 4. SEMINA quatuor, fubrotunda, nigricantia, nitida, pilis tranfverfis rigidis fere tefta, in fundo calycis, ad debitam ufque maturitatem deten- ta, fg■ 5• ROOT perennial, woody, and fomewhat creeping. STALKS feveral, a foot and a half, two feet high, and more, nearly upright, four-cornered, hard, purple, and hairy. LEAVES oppolite, handing on foot-halks; of an ob- long heart-fhape, generally obtufe, but often a little pointed, veiny like fage, a little hairy on each fide, obtufely and unequally ferrated. LEAF-STALKS hairy. FLOWERS hraw-coloured, growing all one way, on long, oppofite, naked racemi, the terminal one of which is aimed twice as long as the ref];. FLORAL-LEAF ovate, pointed, and placed under each flower. CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, tubular, on the under fide gibbous at the bafe, the upper lip upright, entire or faintly three-lobed ; the lower lip furnilhed with four teeth, which are nearly equal, jig. i. COROLLA monopetalous and ringent; Tube cylin- drical and fhort ; upper Lip deeply divided beyond the bafe, fegments handing wide ; lower Lip fpreading, trifid, lateral fegments the fame fhape as the fegments of the upper lip, the middle one very large and roundifn, fig. 2. STAMINA: fourFiL aments, two of which are lon- ger than the reh, purple and hairy, at firfl up- right, and clofing together, afterwards turned back, andfeparated. Anthers yellow, fig.%. PISTILLUM: Ge rmen quadripartite. Style fili- form. Stigmata two, flender, Jig. 4. : SEEDS four, nearly round, blackifh, fhining, almoh covered with crofs rigid hairs, and kept in the bottom of the calyx till they have acquired » a proper degree of ripenefs. Jig. 5. The Wood-fage, or more properly fage-leaved Germander, delights to grow in woody and hilly fituations, among bufhes, and under hedges, where the foil is dry and ftony; and in fuch places it is not only common with us, but frequent in moft parts of Great-Britain. It flowers in July, Auguft, and September. Its leaves much referable thofe of Sage, from which circumftance, and not from any botanical or medical affinity, it receives its name. As a medicinal plant, it has never been highly celebrated. Lewis omits it in his Materia Medica, but retains it in his Difpenfatory : in fmell, tafie, and medical virtues, he fays, it comes nearer to Scordium than Sage. Rutty relates a cafe of Vertigo, brought on by the odour which arofe from frequently handling the herb in the diftillation of it. He afcribes to it the fmell of the Hop, in lieu of which, he fays, it may be fubflituted in making beer : and that, when boiled in the wort, the beer fooner becomes clear than when hops are made ufe of. Its virtues, in this refpedl, are highly extolled by the Rev. P. Laurents, of Bury *, We have only to wifh, that experiment may juftify the encomiums of our learned and benevolent friend. 44 Seeing fo much fine ground under cofilv hops, which, it muft be owned, had very large and verdant leaves, 44 I could not but repine at the expence of foil, poles, dung, and labour, bellowed on this plant, efpeciallv 44 when there is great reafon to fuppofe, that the Teucrium Scorodonia would better anfwer the purpofe. Of 44 this plant I can fo far fay, that in fmell and tafie it refembles Hops. The name by which it goes in fome 44 authors is Ambrofia, a name announcing fomething immortal and divine; and to this day, Ambroife is the 44 appellation by which it goes among the common people in the ifland of Jerfey. Here, when Cyder, the 45 common beverage, has failed, I have known the people malt each his barley at home, and, inflead of Hops, 44 ufe to very good purpofe, the Ambroife of their hedges, 44 It is my ardent wifh, I own, to fee juflice done to the negle6led merits of this ambrofial plant; but fhould 44 indolence, prejudice, or private interefl, obftruH the introduction of it into ufe, let me at leafl intreat Brewers 44 to honour it with their notice, in preference to any unpalatable and unwholefome fubftitute they may have 44 occafion to ufe in lieu of Hops,” * Vide Tour through Flanders, &c. published in the fourth number of Mr, Young’s Annals of Agriculture. 2#6 ' /////// Q^/ra/vy/oyyysi Antirhinum Minus. The Least Toad-Flax. ANTIRRHINUM Linn. Gen. PL Did yn ami a Angiospermia. Cal, 5-phyllus. Corollce balls deorfum prominens, ne&arifera. Capfula 2-locularis. Raii Syn, Gen, 18. Herbie fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalo. ANTIRRHINUM minus foliis plerifque alternis lanceolatis obtufis, caule ramofilTimo diffufo. Linn. Syjt. Veget ab* p. 466. Sp. PL p. 852. FI, Suec, p. 502, ANTIRRHINUM vifcidum foliis inferioribus conjugatis ellipticis obtufis hirfutis, calcare dimidii floris longitudine. Haller, Hift, n, 335. ANTIRRHINUM minus. Scopoli FI, Carn, n, 76g, ANTIRRHINUM arvenfe minus. Bank, Pin, 212. ANTIRRHINUM minimum repens. Ger, emac, 549, ANTIRRHINUM fylveftre minimum. Parkinf, 1334. LINARIA Antirrhinum difta. Pazi Syra. p. *283. The leaf! Calf’s Snout or Snap-dragon. Hudfon. FL AngL ed. 2. p. 272. Oeder. P/, Dan. t. 532. RADIX annua, (implex, fibrofa. ROOT annual, fimple, and fibrous. STALK upright, from five to nine inches in height, branched down to the bottom, round, the lowermofl branches oppofite, the uppermofl alternate. LEAVES as well as the whole plant villous, and fome- what vifcid, the lower ones oppofite, fpread- ing, fomewhat fpatula-fhaped, the upper ones alternate, bent back, betwixt linear and lan- ceolate, the extremity obtufe. FLOWERS fmall, folitary, alternate, (landing on up- right foot-ftalks. CALYX; a Perianthium deeply divided into five fegments, which are linear, nearly equal, (horter than the corolla, and i. COROLLA monopetalous, the tube on the upper fide purple, underneath marked with two parallel purple fpots, fpur very (hort and tapering, of a purplifh colour, the upper lip bifid, on the underfide whitifh, the lower tritid and white, the palate villous and 2. STAMINA; four white Filaments. Anthers blackifh. Pollen white. PISTILLUM: Ge rmen fomewhat ovate, vifcid, and of a reddifh brown colour. Style filiform, on the upper part purplifh. Stigma fimple ■ and white. \ SEED-VESSEL, an ovate Capsule opening at top. CAULIS ere&us, fpithamasus, feu dodrantalis, ad bafin ufque ramofus, teres, ramis inferioribus oppofitis, fuperioribus alternis. FOLIA ut Ut tota planta villofa, fubvifcofa, inferiora oppolita, patentia, fubfpatulata, fuperiora al- terna, recurvata, lineari-lanceolata, obtufa. FLORES parvi, folitarii, alterni, pedunculati, pedun- culis eredis. CALYX: Perianthium quinquepartitum, perfif- tens, laciniis linearibus, 1’ubaequalibus, corolla 1. COROLLA monopetala, tubus fuperne purpureus, inferne maculis duabus parallelis, purpureis notatus, calcar breviflimum fubulatum pur- purafcens, labium fuperius bifidum, inferne albidum, inferius trifidum, album; palatum villofum, flavefcens, Jig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, alba. Anthers nigricantes. Pollen album. PISTILLUM: Germen fubovatum, vifcidum, rufef- cens. Stylus filiformis, fupernepurpureus. Stigma fimplex, album. PERICARPIUM : Capsula ovata, apice dehifcens. Botanifts have diftinguifhed this fpecies by the names of minus and minimum, as being the moll diminutive of the genus. It may alfo be confidered as one of the lead ornamental. It is chiefly found in corn fields, efpecially where the foil is fandy. We have occafionally noticed it in Batterfea-Fields with the Orontium; but in many parts of Kent it grows much more plentifully. We know of no ufe to which it is applicable; and it is too dimunitive a plant to do much harm where it is mod abundant. Introduced into the garden, it comes up annually without any care, nor is it eafily lod. It branches and fpreads according to the luxuriance of the foil, and frequently grows to a much greater fize than our figure reprefents. It flowers from June to Augud, 2^6 336 (/ zz/t/m, i//t r^r/zs/r/j. Euphrasia Officinalis. Common Eyebright. EUPHRASIA. Lin. Gen. PI. Didynamia Angiospermia. Cei/. 4-fidus, cylindricus. Caps. 2-locularis, ovato-oblonga. Antherce inferiores akero lobo bafi fpinofe. Rail Synt Gen. 18. fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalo. EUPHRASIA officinalis foliis ovatis lineatis argute dentatis. Lin. Syff. Vegetat>. p. 460. Sp. P/. p. 481. FI. Suec. n. 543. Halier Hift. 303. EUPHRASIA officinalis. Scopoli FI. Cam. n. 753. EUPHRASIA officinarum. Bauh. pin. 233. Ger. 'emac. 663. Parkinf. 1329. Raii Syn. p. * 284. Eyebright, Hudfon FI. Angl.ed. 2p. 268. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 323. RADIX annua, fibrofa, albida. ROOT annual, fibrous, and whitifh. CAULIS bipollicaris ad palmarem et ultra, ereHus, teres, pubefeens, purpureus, plerumque ra- mofus. STALK from two to four inches high, or more, up- right, round, hoary, purple, for the moft part branched. FOLIA oppofita, ovata, obtufa, ferrato-dentata, den- tibus acuminatis, fupra convexis, fubtus con- cavis, minutim ciliatis, utrinque hirlutula, fupra nitidula, lineata, fubtus venofa. LEAVES oppofite, ovate, obtufe, ferrated or indent- ed, teeth pointed, above convex, beneath concave, finely edged with hairs, flightly hirfute on each fide, above fomewhat glofly, with lines impreffed, underneath veiny. RACEMUS terminalis, foliaceus, ereHus, floribus axillaribus, oppofitis, feffilibus. RACEMUS terminal, leafy, upright, flowers in the alae of the leaves, oppofite and feffile. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, ovatum, an- gulatum, perfiflens, foliis paulo brevius, pu- befeens, quadrifidum, laciniis lanceolatis, acuminatis, ereHis, ciliatis, fubasqualibus, fig- !• CALYX; a Perianthium of one leaf, ovate, an- gular, permanent, a little ffiorter than the leaves, pubefeent, divided into four fegments, which are lanceolate, long-pointed, upright, edged with hairs, and nearly equal. Jig, 1. COROLLA monopetala, alba, ringens ; Tubus cylin- dricus, albus, glaber, longitudine calycis, fig. 2. Limbus bilabiatus; Labium fuperius album, fubovatum, concavum, pubefeens, Uriis csrulefcentibus utrinque 3, intus piHum, obtufum, ereHum, bifidum, lobis emargina- t\s}Jig. 3; inferius fuperiori paulo majus, tri- fidum, laciniis omnibus emarginatis, Jig. 4. Faux undique ftriata, et piHa ftriis caerulef- centibus, antice vero colore luteo. COROLLA monopetalous, white, ringent; Tube cy- lindrical, white, fmooth, the length of the calyx, ffg. 2. Limb two-lip’d; upper Lip white, fomewhat ovate, hollow, downy, painted on the infide with three blueilh {freaks on each fide, blunt, upright, bifid, the lobes emarginate, ffg. 3 ; the lower lip fomewhat larger than the upper, trifid, all the iegments emarginate, Jig. 4. Mouth ftri- ated all round, and painted with blueifh ftreaks, but anteriorly of a yellow colour. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, fubulata, pur- puralcentia, tubo inlerta. Jig. 5. Anthers purpureas, bilobae, obtufae, fubtus barbatas, conniventes, lobis fpinula terminatis, duabus inferioribus longioribus. Jig. 6, 7. STAMINA: four tapering, purpliffi Filaments in- ferred into the tube of the corolla, Jig. 5. ♦ Anther .e purple, two-lob’d, obtufe, beard- ed underneath, clofing together, the lobes terminating in a fpine, the two lowermoft the longefl, ffg. 6, 7. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum, obtufum, barbatum, fig. 8. Stylus filiformis, fuperne pubefeens, fig. 9. Stigma obtufum, integrum, 10. PISTILLUM: Germen ovate, obtufe, bearded, ffg. 8. Style, filiform, downy, on the upper part, ffg. g. Stigma blunt, and entire, 10. SEED-VESSEL: an ovate, oblong Capsule, flat- tened, obtufe, with a fhort point, of two ca* vities, ffg. 11. SEEDS feveral, whitifh, and floated, ffg. 12. PERICARPIUM: Capsula ovato-oblonga, com preffa, obtufa, mucronata, bilocularis, fig. 11 SEMINA plurima, albida, ftriata, fig. 12. Eyebright is a very common plant on heaths, and paftures, efpecially where the foil is chalky; it varies much in fize and in the branchednefs of its ftalk, as well as in the colour and fize of its bloflbms, and flowers from July to September. Many writers on the Materia Medica, aferibe to this plant wonderful efficacy in diforders of the Eyes: Als ton fays, it has been long reckoned a fpecific opthalmic, and commended for dim, weak, and watery eyes, for inflamed and fore eyes, for cataradis, &c. yea, it is faid to make old eyes become young again, and the blind to fee. Milton, who mofl probably from his own misfortune, had been induced to look into books of this fort, thus mentions it: ’ « but to nobler fights e£ Michael from Adam’s eyes the film remov’d, “ Which that falfe Fruit that promis’d clearer fight “ Had bred ; then purg’d with euphrafy and rue C£ The vifual nerve, for he had much to fee/’ On the other hand, there are not wanting thofe who condemn its ufe, efpecially in inflammatory com- plaints of the eyes; a friend of Lobel’s is faid nearly to have loft his eyefight by the ufe of it. In fuch corftrariety of fentiment, it will, perhaps, be mod prudent not to lay too much ftrefs on fo doubtful a remedy. Rhinanthus Crista Galli. Yellow Rattle. RHINANTHUS Linn. Gen. PL D idynamia Angiospermia. Cal. 4-fidus, ventricofus. Capfula 2-locularis, obtufa, comprefla. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. Herbae Fructu sicco singulari, flore monopetalo. RHINANTHUS Crifia Galli corollis labio fuperiore compreflb breviore. Linn. Syfi. Vcgetab.p. 450. Sp. Pl. p. 840. FI. Suec. 542. ALECTOROLOPHUS calycibus glabris. Haller Hi fi. 313. MIMULUS Crifia Galli. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 751. PEDICULARIS pratenfis lutea vel Crifla Galli. Bank, Pin. 163 CRISTA GALLI fcemina. I. B. III. 436. CRISTA GALLI. Ger. emac. 1071. PEDICULARIS feu Crida Galli lutea. Park. 713. Yellow Rattle or Cocks-Comb. Raii Syn. * 284 Hudfon FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 268. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 322. RADIX annua, fimplex, albida, parum fibrofa. CAULIS pedalis circiter, ereflus, fimplex, feu ramofus, quadrangulus, glaber, purpureo maculatus. FOLIA oppofita, remotiufcula, feflilia, cordato-lanceo- lata, obtufiufcula, venofa, laevia, fubtus tuber- culis albidis pulchre reticulata, ferrata, ferra- turis margine craflis et fubinvolutis. BRACTEAS oppofitae, magnae, foliis fimiles at bafi latiores, et profundius incifae, ferraturis acu- minatis. FLORES flavi, fpicati, pedunculis breviflimis infi- dentes. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, fubrotun- dum, inflatum, compreflum, quadridentatum, dentibus aequalibus, pallide virens, venofum, perfiflens, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, ringens. Tubus fubcylindra- ceus, longitudine calycis ; labium fuperius ga- leatum, compreflum, emarginatum, margine anteriori utrinque violaceo; labium inferius trifidum, laciniis lateralibus planis, rugofis, intermedia majori, marginibus involutis, fis• 2* ... STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, longitudine labii fuperioris, fub quo recondita, quorum duo breviora. Anthers incumbentes, hinc bi- fidae, hirfutae, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Ger men ovatum, compreflum, gla- brum. Stylus filiformis, flaminibus longior. Stigma obtufum, inflexum,fig. 4. PERICARPIUM : Capsula orbiculata, mucronata, comprefla, bilocularis, bivalvis, fig. 7. SEMINA plurima, majufcula, comprefla, fubrenifor- mia, libera, fig. 8. ROOT annual, fimple, whitifh, furniflied with few fibres. STALK about a foot high,upright,fimple, or branched, fquare, fmooth, and fpotted with purple. LEAVES oppofite, rather remote from each other, feflile, lanceolate with a heart-fhaped bafe, bluntifh, veiny, fmooth, underneath beauti- fully reticulated with white tubercles, fawed, the notches thick on the edge, and fomewhat rolled back. FLORAL-LEAVES oppofite, large, like the leaves, but broader at the bafe, and more deeply cut in, the notches pointed. FLOWERS yellow, growing in a fpike, and fitting on very fhort foot-ftalks. CALYX: a Perianthi um of one leaf, roundifh, in- flated, flattened, having four equal teeth, of a pale green colour, and i. COROLLA monopetalous, ringent. Tube fomewhat cylindrical, the length of the calyx ; the up- per lip helmet-fhaped, flattened, with a notch on the end, the anterior edge blueifh on each fide, the lower lip trifid, the lateral fegments flat and wrinkled, the middle one largeft, the edges rolled inward, fig. 2. STAMINA: fourFi laments, the length of the upper lip, under which they lie hid, two of which are fhorter than the others. Anthers in- cumbent, at one end bifid, and hairy. Jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen ovate, flattened, fmooth. Style filiform, longer than the flamina. Sti Gma blunt, and bent downwards, fir. 4. SEED-VESSEL: a round, flat Caps ule of two ca- vities and two valves, terminating in a Ihort point, fig. 7. SEEDS fe veral, rather large, flattened, fomewhat kidney-fhaped, and loofe. Jig. 8. The feeds of this plant, when ripe, rattle in the hu(ks, and hence its name. Linnaeus informs us, that this circumdance guides the Swedifh peafant in mowing his grafs for hay. In the neighbourhood of London hay- making commences while this plant is in full bloom. It abounds in mod of our padures, and flowers early in June, Agriculturally confidered, we may rank it with the ufelefs plants. In the third edition of Ray’s Synopfis, Dillenius, on the authority of Dr. Richardson, adds another fpecies, which he calls Pedicularis major angujiifolia ramojijfima Jlore minore luteo, labello purpureo. Found near York, and alfo in Northumberland. This, however, is confidered by fucceeding Botanids as a variety only, and is not found with us. 320 (/?////?/?//////sjyrr//s (3va ay//artat. SCROPHULARIA AQUATIC A. WATER-FIG WORT, or Water-Betony, SCROPHULARIA Lin. Gen. PL Didynamia Angiospermia. Cal. quinquefidus. Cor. fubglobofa, refupinata. Cap/, bilocularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. Herbie fructu sicco singulari, flore monopetalo. SCROPHULARIA aquatica foliis cordatis obtufis petiolatis decurrentibus, caule membranis angulato racemis terminalibus. Lin. Syjl. Vege tab. p. 468. Sp. Pl. p. 8S4. SCROPHULARIA caule alato quadrangulo paniculato, foliis ovato lanceolatis. Hali. Hifl. 026. SCROPHULARIA aquatica. Scopoli FI, Carn. n. 776. SCROPHULARIA aquatica major. Bauh. Pin. BETONICA aquatica. Ger. em ac. 715. BETONICA aquatica major. Parkinjon 613. Raii Syn. 283. Water-Betony, but more truly Water- Figwort. Hudfon FI. Angl. p. 275. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 329. RADIX perennis, crafla, fibris numerofis, majufeulis, longis, albis, donata. CAULIS tripedalis, ad orgyalem, ere&us, ramofus, laevis, quadrangularis, purpureus, angulis, ala- tis ; rami folioli, cauli fimiles. ROOT perennial, thick, furnifhed with numerous, large, long, white fibres. STALK from three to fix feet in height, upright, branched, fmooth, four-cornered, purple, the angles winged, branches leafy, like the fialk. LEAVES (landing on foot-ftalks, oppofite, remote from each other, uniting in fome degree at the bafe, current, oblong heart-fhaped, having fome- times little appendages, obtufe, veiny, crena- ted, and fmooth. FLOWERS terminal, growing in a panicle-like fpike. BRANCHES of the panicle oppofite, trichotomous, fupported by a pointed floral-leaf, flower-ftalks lateral, many-flowered, furnifhed with floral leaves, fome what vifcid, the middle one folitary. CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, divided into five fegments and permanent, the fegments fhorter than the corolla, round and edged with a ragged browii membrane. Jig. i. COROLLA monopetalous, unequal, of a deep red co- lour. Tube globular, large, inflated, Jig. 2. Limb deeply divided into five fegments, the two uppermoft of which are larged, fome- what upright, and rounded. Jig, 3. with an intermediate little fcale like a final 1 lip placed underneath them. Jig. 4. the two fide ones fpreading, Jig. 5. the third very minute and rolled up, fig. 6. STAMINA: four white, linear, (lightly vifcid Fila* ments, inclining downward, the length of the corolla, two of which are later than the others. Anthers double and yellow, Jig. y,B. PISTILLUM: Germen fomewhat conical, fupported by a ne&areous gland. Jig. 9, 10. Style ta- pering, bending downwards a little at the top. Jig. ii. Stigma blunt and yellow, fig. 12. SEED-VESSEL a roundifh pointed Capsule, of two cavities and two valves, partition formed by the edges of the valves turning in, opening at top. SEEDS numerous, fmall, and brown. RECEPTACLE fingle, roundifh, infinuating itfelf into each cavity or cell. FOLIA petiolata, oppofita, diftantia, decurrentia, fub connata, cordato-oblonga, fubinde appendicu lata, obtufa, venofa, crenata, nuda. FLORES paniculato-fpicati, terminales. RAMI paniculae oppofiti, trichotomi, braftea lanceolata fuffulti, pedunculis lateralibus, multifloris, bradeatis, fubvifeidis, intermedio folitario. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, quinquefi- dum, perfiftens, laciniis corolla brevioribus, rotundatis, membrana fufea lacera marginatis, ■fis- »• COROLLA monopetala, inaequalis, atro-rubens. Tubus globofus, magnus, inflatus, Jig. 2. Limbus quinquepartitus, laciniis duabus majoribus fub- ereftis, rotundatis, jig. 3. cum intermedia fquamula labrum parvum mentiente fubjeda, fg. 4. duabus lateralibus patulis, jig. 5. tertia minima fubinvoluta, jig. 6. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, alba, linearia, fub- vifcida, declinata, longitudine corollae, quo- rum duo feriora. An the r je didymae, flavae, .fis- 7’ 8- PISTILLUM: Germen fubconicum, glandula nefta- rifera cin&um, Jig. 9, 10. Stylus Tubula- tus, apice fubincurvatus, Jig. 11. Stigma obtufum, flavum, Jig. 12. PERICARPIUM: Capsula fubrotunda, acuminata, bilocularis, bivalvis. diflepimento e margini- bus valvularum inflexis conftru6lo, apice dehifcens, Jig. 13. SEMINA plurima parva, fufca. RECEPTACULUM unum, fubrotundum in utrumque loculamentum fe inlinuans. The name of Water-Betony (by which this plant is, perhaps, more generally better known than by its other name of Water-Figwort) has been afligned it from the great fimilitude which its leaves bear to thofe of the Wood* Betony; but as it differs from it totally in its fru&ification, and confequently in its generic charaHer, the latter name is certainly to be preferred. In its ufual (late of growth it has little to recommend it as an ornamental plant; but when variegated, few exceed it in beauty. In this (late it is not uncommon in the nurferies about London. It grows naturally by the fides of rivers, ponds, and wet ditches; and flowers from June to September. Medicinally the leaves of this fpecies are recommended for the fame purpofes of thofe of the Serophularid nodofa, to which they have by fome been preferred: in tafte and fmell they are fimilar, but weaker. Mr. Mar*s chant reports, in the Memoirs of the French Academy, that this plant is the fame with the Iquetaia of the Brazilians, celebrated as a fpecific correHor of the ill flavour of Senna. On his authority the Edinburgh College, in their common infufion of that drug, direfted two-thirds its weight of the Water-Figwort leaves to be joined; but as they have now difearded this ingredient, we may prefume that it was not found to be of much ufe, Lewis's Mat. Med. Ed. Aikin, p. 598. The difagreeable fmell which attends this plant when bruifed makes it rejeHed by cattle in general; neverthelefs, both its leaves and flowers are much reforted to by different kindsof infefts. The Tenth redo Scropbularice Lin. feeds on its foliage, both in its caterpillar and perfeH date. The beautiful caterpillar of the Phalana Verbafci feeds on this plant as well as on the Mullein. Both bees and wafps colleft great quantities of honey from its flowers, and as thefe continue to be produced for a great length of time, it is one of thofe plants which perhaps may be made to grow near bee-hives with advantage, 303 Thlaspi Campestre, Mithridate Mustard; THLASPI Linnad Gen. Pl. Tetradynamia Siliculosa. Silicula emarginata, obeordata, polyfperma: valvulis navicularibus, marginato-carinatis. Raii Syn. Gen. 21. Herbae et Siliculos.e. THLASPI campejire filiculis fubrotundis, foliis fagittatis dentatis, incanis. Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 902. Syfi, Vegetab. p. 491. FI. Suec. n. 575. NASTURTIUM foliis imis petiolatis ovatis, caulinis fagittatis dentatis. Haller Hi ft, n. 509. THLASPI campeftre. Scopoli Flor. Carn. n. 807. THLASPI arvenfe, Veecariae folio majus. Bauh. Pin. 106. THLASPI miihridaticum five vulgatiftimum Vaccarise folio. Parkinf.\). 835. THLASPI vulgatius. J. Bauh. II. p. 921. THLASPI vulgatiftimum. Ger. em. p. 262. Raii Syn. 305. Mithridate Muftard, Baftard Crefles. Hudfion FI. Angi. p. 281. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 341. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa. CAULIS pedalis ad iefquipedalem, ere&us, teres, fub- angulofus, viliofus, fuperne tantum ramofus. FOLIA radical ia longe petiolata, oblongo-ovata, ob- tufa, faepius fubintegra, interdum vero bafi pinnatifida, cito marcefcentia ; caulina fagit- tata, fpaifa, conferta, fuberedla, villofa, den- tata, amplexicaulia. FLORES minimi, albi. RACEMf longi, ere£li. PEDUNCULI teretes, villofi, patentes, filiculis paulo longiores. CALYX: Pe Rianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis ovatis, obtufis, concavis, ad lentem fubpilofis, mar- ginibus et apicibus albidis, alternis paulo bre- vioribus et anguflioribus, fig. i. COROLLA: Petala quatuor, alba, calyce paulo longiora, limbo fubrotundo, ungue gracily, fg.2. STAMINA : Filamenta fex, quorum duo paulo breviora. An flavae, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Ge rmen ovale, compreflum, emargi- natum. Stylus breviflimus. Stigma capi- tatum, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: Silicula ovata, obtufa, emargi- nata inferne gibba,fuperneconcava, feminibus protuberantibus, fig. 5, 6. ROOT annual, Ample, and fibrous. STALK a foot, or a foot and a half high, upright, round, very (lightly angular, villous, branched at top only. LEAVES next the root, (landing on long foot-flalks, of an oblong ovate lhape, for the mofl part nearly entire, but fometimes pinnatifid at the bafe, Toon decaying, thofe of the flalk arrow- fhaped, placed irregularly, numerous, nearly upright, villous, toothed, and embracing the flalk. FLOWERS very fmall and white. RACEMI long and upright. FLOWER-STALKS round, villous, and fpreading, a liftle longer than the feed-pods. CALYX : a Perian thium of four leaves; the leaflets ovate, obtufe, hollow, (lightly hairy when magnified, the edges and tips whitifh, the alternate ones (horter and narrower than the others, fig. i. COROLLA compofed of four white Petals, a little longer than the calyx, the limb roundifh, and claw very (lender, fig. 2. STAMINA: (ix Filaments, of which two are (horter than the reft, fig. 3. PISTILLUM : Ge rmen oval, flat, emarginate. Style very (hort. Stigma forming a little hear). Jig. 4. SEED-VESSEL : an ovate Pod, obtufe, emarginate, containing two feeds, underneath gibbous, above concave, the feeds protuberating, M- 5’6■ The Thlafpi arvenfefiliquis latis of C. Bauhtne, and the prefent fpecies, are the two whofe feeds have been felefted from this numerous genus for medicinal ufe. Thefe appear to have been ufed indifcriminately; and fometimes the feeds of the common Crefs fLepidmm fativum) have been fubdituted for both. Their virtues appear to be pretty fimilar: Rutty prefers thofe of the arvenfe, as being the mod a6live : they certainly have much more of the alliaceous tade than thofe of the campejire. In the prefent pra&ice they are rarely made ufe of any otherwife than as ingredients in the Venice Treacle and Mithridate, though fome recommend them in different diforders, preferably to the common Mudard, with which they agree nearly in their pharmaceutic properties. Lewis's Mat. Med. p. 647. 1 he prefent fpecies is not an unufual inhabitant of corn-fields ; neverthelefs it is rather a fcarce plant with us. We have noticed it in the greatefl plenty about Coomb-Wood, near Kingdom Dr. Good enough informs me, it is not uncommon in Gunnerfbury-Lane, near Ealing. It flowers in June, and ripens its feeds in July and Augud, Sinapis Alba. White Mustard. SINAPIS Lin. Gen, FI. Tetradynamia Siliquosa. Cal. patens. Cor. ungues re£li. Glandula inter flamina breviora et piftillum, interque longiora et calycem. Raii Syn. Gen. 21. HerBxE tetrapetalxE siliquosa et siliculosxE. SINAPIS alba, filiquis hifpidis: roftro obliquo longiflimo enfiformi. Lin, Syfi. Vegetab, p, 503, Sp. Pl.p. 933. Haller Hifi. 466, SINAPIS alba. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 843. SINAPI apii foliis. Bauh. Pin. 99. SINAPI album filiqua hirfuta, femine albo vel ruffo. I. B. II. 856. SINAPI fylveftre minus ? Parkinfi. 830. Raii Syn. p. 295. White Mullard. Hudfion. FI. AngL ed. 2. p. 298. Lightfioot FL Scot. p. 361. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa, albida. CAULIS fefquipedalis ad bipedalem, ereftus, ramofus, cradiufculus, flriatus, tener, fragilis, hirfutus, pilis numerofis, rigidiufeulis, deorfum verfis. FOLIA petiolata, alterna, radicalia et pleraque cau- lina pallide virentia, venofa, utrinque hirfu- tula, pinnis trium circiter parium, inferioribus minimis, extima fubtriloba, omnibus varie dentatis. FLORES lutei, terminales. PEDUNCULI tetragono-driati. CALYX: Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis pa- tentibus, concavis, deciduis, laevibus, fubli- nearibus, apice obtufis, fig. 1, 2. COROLLA: Petala quatuor, fubrotunda, plana, patentia, integra, unguibus ere6lis, linearibus, longitudine vix calycis, fig. 3. STAMINA: Filamenta fex, quorum duo breviora, virefeentes, fubulatae. Anthers luteae, ere&ae, fubfagittatae, fig. 4. GLANDULAE ut in plerifque hujus 5. PISTILLUM: Germen obovatum, fubangulofum, ad lentem hifpidum. Stylus fubulatus, an- ceps, germine duplo fere longior, flaminibus paulo brevior. Stigma capitatum, fig. 6. : Siliqua hirfuta, fubarticulata, fubtetrafperma, rodro longidimo enfiformi terminata, fig. 7, 8* SEMINA majufcula, fufea, fig. g. ROOT annual, (imple, fibrous, and whitifh. STALK a foot and half to two feet high, upright, branched, fomewhat clumfy, finely grooved9 tender, brittle, and hirfute, the hairs nume- rous, fliffifh, and turned downward. LEAVES (landing on footflalks, alternate, thofe next the root and mod of thofe on the (talk pin- nated, of a pale green colour, veiny , (lightly hirfute on both fides, compofed of three or four pair of pinnae, the lowermod of which are very fmall, the terminal one often three- lobed, and all of them varioufly indented. FLOWERS yellow, and terminal. FLOWER-STALKS having four grooves or corners, CALYX : a Perianthium of four leaves, which are /preceding, concave, deciduous, fmooth, what linear, and blunt at top, fig. i, 2. COROLLA: four roundidi Petals, flat, fpreading, entire, claws upright, linear, fcarcely the length of the calyx, fig, 3. STAMINA: fix Filaments, two of which are (horter than the red, of a greenidi colour, and ta- pering. Antheß.E yellow, upright, fome- what arrow-ftiaped, fig. 4. GLANDS as in mod of this genus, fig. 5. PISTILLUM: Germeninverfely ovate,(lightly angu- lar, hifpid when magnified. Style tapering, two-edged, almod twice the length of the germen, and a little fhortenhan the damina. Stigma forming a little head, fig, 6. SEED-VESSEL: a hairy Pod, fomewhat jointed, containing about four feeds, terminated by a very long fword-fhaped beak, fig. 7, 8. SEEDS rather large and brown, fig. g. In the corn-fields in Buckinghamfhire, efpecially about High-Wycomb, the Sinapis alba is as common, and as troublefome a weed as the arvenfis : with us it is found more fparingly. It is frequently met with on banks, and among the corn in Batterfea-Fields, and well known to conliitute a part of young falading. Ray has been particularly happy in pointing out the ftriking charafters of the feveral fpecies of Sinapis, which Linnaeus has adopted. The feed-veflels, either in their form, fize, or manner of growth, will always with certainty diflinguilh them ; but as thefe plants may occur when they are not fufficiently advanced to exhibit thofe characters, it is nec£flary to call in others to our afliflance : we may then, in addition to Linnaeus’s fpecific characters, obferve, that the Sinapis alba is moll obvioully diflinguifhed from the nigra, by having its ftalk finely grooved and firongly hairedand from the arvenfis, for which it is perhaps much more liable to be rniflaken, by having its leaves more divided or jagged, as our figure exprefles. It flowers in June, and ripens its feeds in July. J22 2 ////sys/j a//w. 32/ etrjw/Jtd. Sinapis Arvensis. Charlock. SINAPIS Lin. Gen. PL Tetradynamia Siliquosa, Cal. patens. Cor. ungues re&i. Glandula inter (lamina breviora et piftillum interque longiora et calycem. Raii Syn. Gen. 15. Herbie tetrapetal.e siliquosa et siliculosa:. SINAPIS arvenfis filiquis multangulis torofo-turgidis laevibus roftro ancipiti longioribus, Lin. Syfi. Vegetab, p. 503. Sp. Plant, p. 933. FI. Suec. 610, Haller. Hiji. n. 467. SINAPIS arvenfis. Scopoli FI. Cam. n. 842. RAPISTRUM flore luteo. Bank. Pin. 95. RAPISTRUM arvorum. Ger emac. 233. Parkin/. 862. Raii Syn. 295. Charlock or Wild Muftard. Hudfon FL Angi, p. 298. Lightjoot FI. Scot. 360. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa, rigida, albida. CAULIS pedalis, fefquipedalis, et ultra, ramofus, teres, foiidus,driato-fulcatus,hifpidus,purpurafcens ramis diffufis. FOLIA alterna, petiolata, patentia, fcabriufcula, ve- nofa, dentato-ferrata, ovato-lanceolata, faepe integra, faepius vero bad finuata, raro pinnata. FLORES lutei, terminales, pedunculati. PEDUNCULI longitudine calycis; hifpiduli. CALYX: Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis line- aribus, canaliculatis, patentibus, flavis, ob- tufis, pilofis, fig. 1. COROLLA : Petala quatuor, lutea, obcordata, un- guiculata, patentia, unguibus longitudine fere calycis, fig. 1. NECTARI A ; Glandula* quatuor faturate virides. STAMINA: Filamenta fex, quorum duo breviora, lutea, fubulata. Anthers concolores, in- cumbentes, primo fagittatae, apicibus demum, revolutis, Jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen cylindraceum, longitudine fere dyli, et paulo cradior, nunc laeve, nunc hirfutulum. Stylus longitudine daminum. Stigma capitatum, bilabiatum, jig. 4. PERICARPIUM: Siliqua teres, vix angulofa, patens, laevis aut hirfuta, polyfperma, rodro brevi fubtetragono terminata, fig. 5, 6. SEMINA plurima, minuta, nigricantia. ROOT annual, fimple, fibrous, rigid, and whitifh, STALK from one to a foot and a half high, upright, branched, round, folid, ftriated or grooved, hifpid, and purplifh, the branches fpreading wide. LEAVES alternate, (landing on foot-fialks, fpreading, roughifh, veiny, indented or ferrated, ovato- lanceolate, often entire, but mod commonly jagged at the bafe, rarely pinnated. FLOWERS of a yellow colour, growing in heads, and (landing on flower-dalks. FLOWER-STALKS the length of the calyx, (lightly hifpid. CALYX : a Perianthium of four leaves, the leaves linear, hollowed above, fpreading, yellow, blunt, and hairy, fig. i. COROLLA: four Petals of a yellow colour, in- verfely heart-fbaped, fpreading, claws almod the length of the calyx, fig. 2. NECTARIES ; four Glands o£ a deep green colour. STAMINA: fix Filaments, two of which are (horter than the red, yellow and tapering. Anthers of the fame colour, incumbent, fird arrow- (haped, tips finally rolling back, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germ en cylindrical, almoit the length of the dyle, and a little thicker, fometimes fmooth, fometimes a little hairy. Style the length of the damina. Stigma forming a little head, divided into two lips, Jig. 4. SEED-VESSEL a round Pod, fcarce perceptibly an- gular, fpreading, fmooth or hirfute, contain- ing many feeds, terminated by a (hort fome- what four-cornered beak. Jig. 5, 6. SEEDS numerous, minute, and blackilh. There are three plants peculiar to corn fields, which, in various parts of the kingdom, are more or lefs common, and all of which are apt indifcriminately to be called Charlock : thefe are the Sinapis arvenis, Sinapis alba, and Raphanus Raphamjlrum-, the firfl and the lad of which are by far the mod general. The name of Charlock ought, however, to be confined to the Sinapis arvenjis, the mod noxious weed of the three, and as fuch mod carefully to be extirpated from among the corn. The leaves of this plant, on their firfl appearing above ground, and for fome time afterwards, referable thofe oF the turnip fo much, that we have known an intelligent farmer deceived by them, and miflaken in his crop. The whole plant, when young, is often eaten by the labouring part of the community; and, like turnip-tops, is no bad fubflitute to other culinary plants in times of fcarcity. June is the month in which the Charlock flowers moff plentifully ; but it may frequently be found in bloflbm earlier, as well as much later. It is not confined to corn fields, but is almofl equally common among rubbifh. It varies much in height, colour of its flalk, number of its branches, and degree of hairinefs. Among corn it g’ows taller, and is lefs branched. The flalk, in fome fituations, is wholly green; but is more frequently purple at the joints, and very often wholly fo. The feed-vefiels alfo vary much in colour and hairinefs. We have not obferved the flowers fubjeffl to any variation of colour. For the means of diflinguifhing it from the Raphanus Raphanijirum, which at firfl fight it confiderably refem- bles, vid. Raphanus Raphanifirum, already figured. .-in /nar mm cifrto. Sisymbrium Irio. London Rocket, SISYMBRIUM Linn. Gen. PL. Tetradynamia Siliquosa. Siliqua dehifcens, valvulis rediufculis. Calyx patens. Corolla patens. Rail Syn. Gen. 21. Herbie tetrapetalje et Siliculosa:. SISYMBRIUM Irio foliis runcinatis dentatis nudis, caule laevi, filiquis eredis. Linn. S)fi. Vegetab. p. 499. Sp. FI. 921. FI. Suec. n. 596. ERYSIMUM latifolium majus glabrum. Bank. Pin. 101 IRIO laevis apulus erucae folio. Coi. Ecphr. 1. 264. ERYSIMUM latifolium Neapolitanum. Park. 834. Raii Syn. p. 298. Smoother broad-leaved Hedge-Muftard. Hudfon FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 297. Jacquin. FI. Aujlr. tab. 322. Fota planta glaberrima ell, nec ullum pilum aut villum habet, acre Anapios fapore gaudens. RADIX annua, albida, calami anferini craflitie, Am- plex, quandoque ramofa. CAULIS pedalis, ad bipedalem, teres, hic illic pur- purafcens, nitidus, Armulus, non (Iriatus, Aepius ab ipfa baA ramofus. FOLIA radicalia, quae brevi marcefcunt, et caulina pleraque, funt pinnatiAda, Anuata, inaequa- liter dentata aut ferrata, petiolata, patentia, flaccida, lobis ut plurimum acutis, extre- mo majore et longiore, fumma haftata, et quaedam integerrima, ac Amplicia, FLORES puAlli, flavi, in racemos producuntur lon- giflimos, modo re£los, modo flaccidos. CALYX patens, flavefcens, Jig. 1. PETALA obtufa, et oblonga, patentia, fig. 2. STAMINA et Stylus etiam flavefcunt, Jig, 3, 4. SILIQUAE quae graciles, fubteretes, ad femina torulofae, biunciales, brevibus infiflunt pedunculis et quaquavorfum laxe patent, Jig, 5. SEMINA minuta, pallide flavent, Jig. 6. The whole plant is perfe&ly fmooth, without any hair or down, having the biting tafte of muftard. ROOT annual, whitifh, the thicknefs of a goofe-quill, fimple, fometimes branched. STALK from one to two feet high, round, here and there purplifh, Ihining, fomewhat rigid, not floated or grooved, often branched quite from the bottom. LEAVES next the root, which foon wither, and moll of thofe on the (talk are pinnatifid, fmuated, unequally toothed or ferrated, Handing on foot-flalks, fpreading and flaccid, the lobes for the mod part pointed, the end one larger and longer, the uppermoll leaves hallate, fome of them entire and Ample. FLOWERS fmall and yellow, growing on long race- mi, which are fometimes llraight, fometimes flaccid. CALYX fpreading, and yellowifh, Jig, i. PETALS obtufe, oblong, and fpreading, fig. 2. STAMINA and the Style are alfo ot a yellowilh colour, fig. 3, 4. PODS (lender, nearly round, about two inches long, (landing on (hort foot-ftalks, and fpreading loofely every way, feeds protuberant. Jig. 5. SEEDS minute, of a pale yellow colour. Jig. 6. The Sifymbrium Irio, though a fcarce plant in many parts of Great-Britain, is frequent enough in the neighbourhood of London: we find it on dry banks, efpecially fuch as are made of road fand, walls, and among rubbifh in uncultivated places. Its chief time of flowering is from July to September. Like many other annuals it is inconhant as to its particular place of growth. In favourable feafons and fituations it is capable of multiplying itfelf exceedingly from the great number of feed-veflels which it produces. The feeds are very fmall, and protuberating a little through the valves of the feed-veflel give them the appearance of finely jointed pods; a charafler which, when prefent, will readily dihinguifh this plant. Mr. Ray obferved it at Fauikbourn in Eflex, and on the walls of Berwick on the Tweed. That great naturalifl remarks, that after the fire of London in the years 1667, 1668, it came up abundantly among the rubbifh in the ruins. Morison, who lived at that period, was particularly ftruck with fo Angular an appearance, and in his PreLudia Botanica has a long dialogue on this very fubjeft; in which, whatever laurels he may gain as a Botanift, few will think him entitled to any as a Philofopher. As the book, containing this curious dialogue, is in few hands, we flatter ourfelves a copy of it will not be unacceptable to many of our readers. cc Botan. Secundo die feptembris, anno Domini, 1666, incepit incendium illud luduofum, et ad triduum, aut “ quatriduum duravit. Nec ope humana (divinitus evenit, quum non eft malum in civitate, quod non fecit “ Dominus) extingui poterat: nam At-olus apperto ventorum carcere (ut ita loquar) regnabat: per triduum aut “ quatriduum illud. Poft odomeftre fpatium, per rudera ducentorum jugerum, folo aequatatorum, mihi peram- “ bulanti verfus excambium vetus nunc. Ante illud tempus Collegium Grefhamianum didum tendenti, in “ vefligiis, aedificiorum et tedorum, mihi tanta fefe objecit copia, Eryfimi illius, quod irio laevis Apulus alter “Fabio Columnae dicitur: Et eodem revertens, menfibus duobus poft hoc; adeo dense pullulavit, ut falce “ quah Triticum, aut fecale demeti potuerit, Soc. Quid inde fequetur, unde provenifle tantam copiam iftius tc Irionis ? putas tu ; an a femine feu latione ? Botan. Quid quaefo, te movet ad talem proponendam queftionem, “ cum aedificia omnia circa aedem Divi Pauli, et alibi paffim in meditullio celeberrimi Emporii Londini, a mille “ aut faltem centenis annis : Fuere conftruda et tedis confervata? Soc. Ergo tanta copia illius feminis, latebat “in celiis et cavearum fundis, et foli et pluviae expolita, frudkavit. Botan. Unum hoc addam : ego non fum “ Plinius, ut ex aliorum relatione mundo imponam; nec Matthiolus ut appingam ea quae nunquam extitere: ** fed ut vis appertis verbis nec Calamißratis : meum tibi dicam animum. Sop. Dicas quaefo ? Boian. Nullum « eft femen plantae, quod producit (confervatum quam diligentiflime) poR decennium ; perraro poR quinquen- C£ nium multo minus poR centenos aliquot, et mille annos. Sop. Ergo aliquis femina ißius plantae, per rudera « fparfit. Botan. Mon credo imo, certo fcio tantam ißius Irionis feminis copiam non fuifl'e in tota infula ** Britannia, imo nec in Gallia : dubito an in Germania et Italia ipfa ; (cujus Neapolis eR regnum, ubi frequenter t£ crefcebat tempore Fab. Columnae) unquam floruit tanta ißius plantae copia, ergo etiamfi feminatores fuifl’ent “ (ex tua opinione, poR baec tibi a me audita) non poterat tanta copia ißius individualis fpeciei, feminis ; a “ tot Regnis fuppeditari. Soc. De hoc nou multum nunc dubito : fed quid concludis, fis rationi confentaneus. . Sonchus Palustris. Marsh or Tree Sow-Thistle. SONCHUS Linn.Gen.Pl. Syngenesia Polygamia alqualis* Recept. nudum. Cal. imbricatus, ventricofus. Pappus plumofus. Raii Syn. Gen. 6. Herbae flore composito, natura pleno lactescentes. SONCHUS paluflris pedunculis calycibufque hifpidis fubumbellatis, foliis runcinatis bafi ariftatis. Linn. Syjl. Veget ab. p. 594. bafi fagittatis. Sp. Pl.p. 1116. SONCHUS afper arborefeens. Bauli. Pin. p. 124. ed. 2. HIERACIUM arborefcens paluftre. Ejufd. ed. i. SONCHUS tricubitalis, folio cufpidato. Merr. Pin. SONCHUS arborefeens alter. Ger. emac. p. 294. SONCHUS laevis altiflimus vel Sonchus laevior auftriacus 5. altiflimus. Cluj'. FUJI. CXLVIL SONCHUS arborefeens. Park.p. 808. Raii Syn. p. 163* The greateft Marfh-Tree Sow-Thiflle* Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 337. RADIX perennis, plurimis fibris majufeulis capillata, minime vero repens ficut in arvenli. CAULIS: ex eadem radice exfurgunt caules plures, eredi, orgyales et ultra, craffitie pollicis, an- gulati, laeves, purpurafeentes, fiflulofi, lade- fcentes, folioli, apice ramofi. FOLIA caulina fparfa, inferiora bafi fagittata, runci- nata, laciniis duabus, vel tribus utrinque inae- qualibus, acuminatis, terminali longiffima, fuprema integra, enfiformia, bafi ariftata, omnibus minutim denticulatis. FLORES fubumbellati, lutei, floribus arvenfis duplo minores. PEDUNCULI hifpidi feu potius vifeidi cum omnes pili globulo terminantur. CALYX : communis primo cylindraceus, apice trunca- tus, vifeidus, perada florefeentia ventricofo- conicus, fquamis plurimis, linearibus, inae- qualibus. COROLLA compofita, imbricata, uniformis. Corol- Iulee hermaphroditae, numerofae, aequales. Tu- bus longitudine limbi, albus, pilofus. Limbus linearis, apice quinquedentatus, Jig. 1, 2. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, capillaria, brevif- fima. Anthers flavae, in tubum cylindra- ceum coalitae, Jig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen oblongo-ovatum, album. Stylus filiformis, longitudine flaminum, Stigmata duo, revoluta, fig, 4, 5. SEMEN pallide fufeum, oblongum, utrinque fulcatum, unde fubtetragonum apparet, Jig. 6. PAPPUS femine longior, feffilis, fimplex. RECEPTACULUM nudum, pundis prominulis fca- brum. ROOT perennial, furnifhed with numerous large fibres, but not creeping, as in the corn Sow-Thiftle. STALK : from the fame root arife feveral ftalks, up- right, fix feet or more high, the thicknefs of one’s thumb, angular, frnooth, purplifh, hol- low, milky, and branched at top. LEAVES of the flalk placed without any regular order, the lower ones arrow-fhaped at the bafe, and runcinate, with two or three unequal pointed fegments on each fide, the terminal one very long, the upper leaves entire, fword- fhaped, bearded at the bafe, all of them very finely toothed. FLOWERS of a yellow colour, about half the fize of thofe of the corn Sow-Thiffle, forming a large kind of umbel. FLOWER-STALKS hifpid or rather vifcid, as each hair is terminated by a globule. CALYX: the common calyx at firft cylindrical, trun- cated at top, and vifcid, the'flowering being over, bellying out at bottom and conical, the fcales numerous, linear, and unequal. COROLLA compound, imbricated and uniform. Florets hermaphrodite, numerous, and equal. Tube the length of the limb, white and hairy. Livib linear, terminated by five teeth, jig. i. 2. STAMINA: five capillary, very fhort Filaments. Anthers yellow, forming a cylindrical lube, Jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen1 oblong-ovate, white. Style filiform, the length of the flamina. Stig- mata two, rolled back, fig, 4, 5. SEED pale brown, oblong, with a groove on each fide, whence it appears fomewhat four cor- nered, fig. 6. DOWN longer than the feed, feffile, unbranched. RECEPTACLE naked, rough, with fmall prominent points. Parkinson gives a tolerable figure, and a pretty accurate defeription of this plant: and fucceeding Botanifls, particularly Ray, have fufficiently afeertained its fpecific characters : neverthelefs Haller confiders it as a variety of the arvenfis: his words are, “ Nec mihi omnia confideranti differre videtur.” Flad the Baron feen the plant growing, he certainly would not have been thus Angular in his opinion. It agrees with the arvenfs in having a perennial root, which however does not creep. When placed in a garden by the fide of the arvenfis, it exceeds it one half; and when planted by the water-fide, out-tops it by two-thirds. Indeed, in fuch fituations we have feen it ten feet high, and we believe it may juflly be confidered as the tailed Englifh plant; but though it is fo much taller than the arvenfis, its bloflbms are notfo large. In its place of growth it differs alfo from the arvenfs; while the one is chiefly obferved in corn-fields, the other is a conflant inhabitant of raarfhes. There is a difference alfo in the periods or their flowering, the paluflris being later by about three weeks ; but the bafe of the leaf in thefe two plants affords, perhaps, the befl character, and of which Linna:us, with his ufual acumen, has availed himfelf. The Sonchus paluflris occurs fparingly in the marfhes about Blackwall and Poplar, and flowers the latter end of July. The common Sow-Thiftle is well known to be a favourite food of rabbits; but we believe it has fcarcely been fufpefted, that it might be ranked with our cfculent herbs; yet a gentleman, whole delicate flate of health has led him to make experiments on fuch kind of plants, and in whofe veracity we place the mod implicit con- fidence, allures us, that he has found the tender flioots and buds of the common Sow-Thiftle (the frnooth fort) boiled in the manner of Spinach, to afford excellent greens, fuperior to any others which he has tried not in common ufe. Achillea Ptarmica. Sneezewort. ACHILLEA Linn.Gen.PL Syngenesia polygamia superflua. Receptaculum paleaceum. Pappus nullus. Calyx ovatus, imbricatus. Flofculi radii circiter 4. Raii Syn. Gen. 8. Herba: flore composito discoide, seminibus pappo destitutis corymbiferae dicta;. ACHILLEA Ptarmica foliis lanceolatis acuminatis argute ferratis. Linn. Syfl. Vegetab. p. 647. Sp. Pl. p. 1266. FI. Suec. n. 771. ACHILLEA foliis linearibus lanceolatis acutiflime ferratis. Haller Hifl. 117. DRACUNCULUS ferrato folio pratenfis. Bauh. p. 198 PTARMICA Ger. emac. 606. Park. 859. Rail Syn. p. 183. Sneezewort, Baflard-Pellitory, Goofe-Tongue. Hudfon FI. Angi. 375. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 495. RADIX perennis, repens, alba, fubgeniculata, fibris < majufculis et longiflimis donata e geniculis * exeuntibus, fapore acri et fervido. CAULIS pedalis ad tripedalem, eredus, plerumque , fimplex, rigidulus, inferne teres, glaber, 1 fuperne fubangulatus, villofus, paniculatim ramofus. ' FOLIA numerofa, alterna, feflilia, amplexicaulia, 1 linearia, acuta, bi vel tripollicaria, utrinque glabra, lucidiufcula, faturate viridia, margine retrorfum fcabra, fubcrenata; crenis minutim ferrulato-aculeatis ; fubtus trinervia ; nervis longitudinalibus, quorum intermedius efl cofla. CORYMBUS terminalis, compofitus, eredus, villofus, foliofus. BRACTEAl lineares in pedunculis. CALYX communis hemifphericus, fubtomentofus, im- bricatus, fquamis ovato-lanceolatis, eredis, fubcarinatis, margine rufis, fubciliatis. COROLLA compofita, radiata, flores femineae in radio, ligulatae, numero 8-10, lamina ovata, alba, patens, bifulca, apice obtufa, tridentata, fig. 1. tubus marginatus, brevis, longitudine germinis, apice rubellus, fig. 2. flores her- maphroditi, in difco numerofi, tubus fub- cylindraceus, marginatus, virefcens; limbus quinquefidus, albus, tubo brevior, laciniis fubrevolutis, fig. 3. STAMINA in hermaphroditis : Filamenta quin- que, capillaria; Anther a: flavae, intubum coalitae, fig. 4. PISTILLUM in femineis et hermaphroditis : Ger- men compreffum, turbinatum; Stylus fili- formis ; Stigmata duo, revoluta, apicibus 5. SEMINA plurima, nuda, utrinque fubalata, nitida, apice truncata. RECEPTACULUM paleaceum, fquamis membra- naceis, lineari-lanceolatis, obtufis, vix longi- tudine florum. ROOT perennial, creeping, white, fomewhat jointed, furnifhed with large and very long fibres, which proceed from the joints, of a hot acrid tafle. STALK from one to three feet high, upright, gene- rally fimple, fomewhat rigid, below round and fmooth, above (lightly angular, villous, and branching out into a kind of panicle. LEAVES numerous, alternate, feffile, embracing the fialk, linear, pointed, two or three inches long, fmooth on both fides, and fomewhat fhining, of a deep-green colour, the edge rough, if the finger be drawn along it from the top to the bafe, fomewhat crenated, the notches forming a (harp prickly kind of faw, underneath having two longitudinal ribs, befide the midrib* CORYMBUS terminal, compound, upright, villous, and leafy. FLORAL-LEAVES linear on the flower-flalks. CALYX common to all the florets, hemifpherical, i fomewhat woolly; the fcales compofing it i placed one over another, of an oval-pointed 1 fhape, upright, fomewhat keeled, the margin | reddifh, and {lightly edged with hairs. i COROLLA compound and radiate, female flowers in 1 the circumference, tubular at bottom and 1 fpreading at top, from 8 to 10 in number, the lamina ovate, white, fpreading, with two \ grooves, blunt at top, with three fmall blunt ) teeth, fig. i. the tube two-edged, fbort, the i length of the germen, and reddifb at top, j flg. 2. hermaphrodite flowers numerous in the ) centre, the tube nearly cylindrical, two-edged, ) greenifh, the limb white, divided into five ) legments, fhorter than the tube, the fegments ) fomewhat rolled back, fig. 3. ) STAMINA in the hermaphrodite flowers ; Fila- ) ments five, very fine; Anthers yellow, J uniting in a tube, fig. 4. ) PISTILLUM in the female and hermaphrodite ) flowers: Germen flattened, broadeft at top ; ) Style thread-fliaped ; Stigmata two, rolled back, the ends blunt, fig. 3. SEEDS numerous, naked, having a kind of wing on ) each fide, fhining, and cut off as it were at I top- [ RECEPTACLE chaffy, the fcales membranous, of a k fhape betwixt linear and lanceolate, blunt, s fcarcely the length of the flowers. The dried powder of this plant fnuffed up the noflrils provokes fneezing, hence it has acquired its name of Sneeze-wort; chewed in the mouth, like Pellitory of Spain, it promotes the flow of the faliva, and is found ferviceable in the cure of the tooth-ach : thefe appear to be the only medicinal purpofes to which it is applied. In its double flate, it has long been an ornament in gardens, and diflinguifhed by the name of Bachelors Buttons ; having a creeping and very increafing root, it requires more care to deflroy than to increafe it. It is a common plant in wet paflures and on heaths, and may be found in plenty by the fides of the ditches in Batterfea-Meadows, where it flowers in July and Auguft. 342 C f//r/u//m »y}/r/’////or. Anthem is Cotula. Stinking Mayweed. ANTHEMIS Linn. Gen. Pl. Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua. Recept, paleaceum. Pappus nullus. Cal. hemifphaericus, lubsequalis, FloJculi radii plures quam 3. Raii Syn. Gen. 8. HerB/E flore composito discoide seminibus pappo DESTITUTIS CORYMBIFERA DIC T .E. ANTHEMIS Cotula receptaculis conicis : paleis fetaceis, feminibus nudis. Linn. Syfi. Vegetal, p. 646. Sp. Pl. p. 1261. FI. Suec. n. 767. CHAMPEMELUM foliis glabris, duplicato-pinnatis, nervo foliaceo, pinnulis lanceolatis, feminibus exafperatis. Haller Hift. 104. ANTHEMIS Cotula. Scopoli FL Cam. n. 1092. CHAJVLE.MELUM fetidum. B. Pin. 135. CHAMEEMELUM fetidum feu Cotula fetida I. B. III. 120. COiULA alba Dod. Pempt. 258. Rail Syn. p. 185. Stinking Mayweed. Hudfon FI. Angi, ed. 2, p. 373. Bight foot Flor. Scot. p. 495. Tota planta fcetidiflirna, fublanuginofa. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa. CAULIS pedalis ad bipedalem, ereblus, fubangulatus, ftriatus, pubefcens, ramofus, fiepe ufque ad bafin. FOLIA alterna, feflilia, fublanuginofa, pinnata, cofta lineam lata, fubtus carinata, pinnis plerum- que ramofis, planis, acutis, fu perne puntiis impreflis, nudo oculo confpicuis notata. PEDUNCULI eredfi, flriati, nudi, fuperne fubin- cralfati. FLORES albi, difco luteo, minime virefcente. CALYX communis haeraifphericus, imbricatus, fqua- mis pallide virentibus, exterioribus obtufis, iufco marginatis, carina faturatius virente. FLOSCULI radii tredecem circiter, feminei fubovati, - lineas duas fere lati, obtufi, binerves, triden- tati, dentibus obtufis, Jig. 1. pars tubulofa flofculi ut ut Germen, glandulis pellucidis, nudo oculo confpicuis ornata, Jig. 2. Stigma bifidum, laciniis reflexis, faepe mancum,//g. 3. FLOSCULI difei num'erofi, tubulofi, hermaphroditi, quinquedentati, Jig. 4. Stigma bifidum, la- ciniis revolutis, Jig. 6. Germen ut ut corolla ad lentem glandulofa, Jig. g. SEMEN obtufe tetragonum, fufeum, rugofum, apice planum, punclo in vertice prominulo, exca- vato, inferne attenuatum, Jig. 7. au6L RECEPTACULUM fubcylindraceum, fuperne paleis fetaceis, rigidis inflru£lum,Jig. 8. The whole plant extremely fetid, and [lightly woolly. ROOT annual, fimple, and fibrous. STALK from one to two feet high, upright, fome- what angular, finely grooved, downy, branch- ed often almoft to the bottom. LEAVES alternate, leffile, (lightly woolly, pinnated, the midrib a line broad, keeled underneath, the pinnae for the moll part branched, flat, pointed, on the upper fide marked with im- p refled dots vifible to the naked eye. FLOWER-STALKS upright, finely grooved, naked, fofnewhat thickened above. FLOWERS white, the centre yellow, without any tendency to green. CALYX common to all the florets, hemifphericaJ, imbricated, the fcales of a pale green colour, the outer ones blunt, and edged with brown, the keel more deeply coloured. FLOWERS of the radius about thirteen, female, nearly ovate, almofl two lines broad, obtufe, two-rib’d, terminating in three obtufe teeth, jig. i. the tubular part of the floret as well as the Germen, ornamented with tranfparent glands, vifible to the naked eye. Jig. 2. Stigma bifid, the fegments reflexed, often imperfeci;, Jig. 3. FLOWERS of the dijk numerous, tubular, herma- phrodite, five-tooth’d, fig. 4. Stigma bifid, the fegments rolled back, Jig. 6. Germen as well as the corolla, \vThen magnified, fludded with little glands, fig. 3. SEED bluntly four-cornered, brown, wrinkled, flat at top, with a prominent hollow point in the centre, below flenderer, Jig. 7. magnified. RECEPTACLE nearly cylindrical, on the upper part furnifhed with rigid, briflle-fhaped pale?e or chaff. Jig. 8. The Anthemis Cotula, like the Matricaria Chamomilla, is very common in corn-fields, where it is well known frequently to bhfier the ikin of the reapers, or of children who may happen to gather it, which the Matricaria never does;—it the plant be examined with a microfcope, it will be found beiprinkled with little glands, in which its acrid matter mod probably refides. Independent of this quality, it abounds to that degree in fome corn-fields, as greatly to diminifli the crop. It is fond of a foil well manured, and as it is frequently buffered to feed on dunghills, it by that means often becomes more generally diffeminated: farmers cannot be too careful in weeding their dunghills; they are not aware of the amazing increafe from a fingle plant of the Anthemis Cotula, Rumex crifpus, Chenopodium album, or many others equally, if not more,* injurious. We have obferved the petals to vary much in length and breadth, and Botanifls have fometimes found it with double flowers. It differs greatly in its qualities from the Anthemis nobilis and Matricaria Chamomilla, has never been much in ufe, nor are its medicinal effetis well known. Decoftions of it are faid fometimes to have been employed as a bath or fomentation againft hyfteric fuffocations, and haemorrhoidal pains and fwellings. Mr. Ray fays, that a decotlion of the herb has by fome been given internally, with fuccefs, in fcrophulous cafes. Brown Langrish gives an account of a decodiion of it throwing a perfon afflidied with rheumatilin into a profufe fweat, and curing him. Lewiss Mat. Med. p. 223. Vid. Matricaria Chamomilla. 3ng (o/stA. *HS. ( //'// >f//” vra/va C/'/ ///f'/// ///tr Matricaria Chamomilla. Corn Feverfew, or Camomile. MATRICARIA Linn. Gen. Pl. Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua, Recept. nudum. Pappus nullus. Cal. hemifphaericus, imbricatus: marginalibus folidis, acutiufculis. Raii Syn. Gen. 8. Her B.E FLORE COMPOSITO DISCOIDE,. SEMINIBUS PAPPO DESTITUTIS, CORYMBIFER.E DIC1WE. MATRICARIA Chamomilla receptaculis conicis, radiis patentibus, fquamis calycinis margine aequalibus. Linn. Syfl, Vegetab. p. 643. Sp. Pl. p. 1256. FI. Suec. n. 764. MATRICARIA foliis planis capillaribus, duplicato-pinnatis, pinnulis lanceolatis bifidis trifidifque. Haller. Hifl. n. 101. CHAMTLMELUM vulgare, Leucanthemum Diofcoridis. Bauh. Pin. 135. CHAM/EMELUM Gerard, emac. 734. CHAMyEMELUM vulgare Parkinf. 85. (qui vulgare cum nobili confundit) Raii Syn. p. 185. Hudflon FI. Angi. cd. 2. 2. Light foot FI. Scot. p. 491. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa. CAULIS pedalis, ad fefquipedalem, ereftus, ramofus, fubangulofus, flriatus, laevis. FOLIA faturate viridia, alterna, feflilia, laevia, pin- nata, pinnis linearibus, inferioribus fimplici- bus, fuperioribus ramofis, pinnulis acutis, mucronatis, divaricatis, cofla lemilineam lata, carinata. PEDUNCULI ere£li, flriati, nudi, fuperne fubincraf- fati. FLORES albi, difco e luteo-virefcente. CALYX communis hemifphaericus, fquamis plurimis, imbricatis, obtufiufculis, apice fufcefcentibus, fubmembranaceis, longitudine fere tubi flof- culorum femineorum in radio, fig. 1. FLOSCULI radii 13 circiter, feminei, oblongi, fefqui- lineam lati, bifulci, tridentati, dentibus ob- tufmfculis, fig. 2. Stigma bifidum, flavum, laciniis reflexis, fig. 3. FLOSCULI difci, numerofi, tubulofi, hermaphroditi, quinquedentati, Jig. 4. Stigma bifidum, la- ciniis reflexis, fig. 5. SEMINA numerofa, minuta, pallide, fufca, oblonga, fulcata, fig. 6. RECEPTACULUM oblongum, nudum. ROOT annual, fimple, and fibrous. STALK a foot, or a foot and a half high, upright, branched, fomewhat angular, flriated, and fmooth. LEAVES of a deep green colour, alternate, fefTile, fmooth, pinnated, the pinnas linear, the lower ones fimple, the upper ones branched, the pinnulas or fmall pinnas fharp and terminat- ing in a fhort point, divaricating, the midrib half a line broad, and keeled. FLOWER-STALKS upright, flriated, naked, a little thickened above. FLOWERS white, the difk of a yellowifh-green colour. CALYX common to all the florets, hemifpherical, fcales numerous, imbricated, fomewhat ob- tufe, the tips brownifh, and a little mem- branous, almoff the length of the tube of the female flowers in the circumference. fig. i. FLOWERS of the radius about 13 in number, female, oblong, a line and a half broad, two-grooved, three-toothed, teeth bluntifh. Jig. 2. Stigma bifid, yellow, the fegments turned 3. I FLOWERS of the difk, numerous, tubular, herma- , phrodite, five-toothed, fig. 4. Stigma bifid, 1 ihe fegments turned back, fig. 5. i SEEDS numerous, minute, of a pale brown colour, 1 oblong and grooved, fig. 6. ) RECEPTACLE oblong, and naked. The Matricaria Chamomilla, Anthemis Cotula, and Chryfanthemum inodorum, are three very common plants in the neighbourhood of London; as the two firfl are extremely fimilar in their general appearance, and are often found growing together, we have pubhfhed them in the fame number, that an opportunity might be afforded of comparing and contraffing them. Parkinson, deceived by their great fimilarity, makes only one plant of them ; Mayweed, fays he, is fo like unto Chamomile, that I muff needs join them together. The Undent who is acquainted with the mode of invefligating the generic charaHer of each, will quickly diffinguifh the one from the other; on diffe&ing the heads, he will find the pointed paleae which are fixed to the receptacle of the Anthemis totally wanting in the Matricaria ; but this knowledge, though highly necef- fary, is not fufficient for thofe who would wifh to know plants at firif fight, which is always defirable; we (hall therefore, in addition to the generic chara£ler, point out feveral others, in which they have appeared to us materially to differ from each other. Their place of growth affords but little diflinHion, they are both natives of corn-fields, both grow in them in the greateff abundance, often together, frequently Separate, nor is it unufual to find them on the confines of dunghills, and by road-fides; they both flower at the fame time, from May to July and Auguft, both are annuals, and grow nearly to the fame height, but in the following particulars they differ : the whole plant in the Matricaria puts on a deep green colour, and fomewhat fhining appearance; the Anthemis, on the con- trary, affumes a much paler hue, and the ffalk is often covered with a kind of woolly fubffance: the leaves in the Matricaria are nearly as fine as thole of fennel, which they diflantly refemble; in the Anthemis they are almoff twice as broad, and the points, of them, which in the Matricaria are fimple, in the Anthemis are often bifid. The Petals in both thefe plants begin to hang down in the evening, and continue to do fo till morning; but thofe of the Anthemis are in general much broader than thofe of Matricaria, and fomewhat fhorter; but, in this particular, both plants are fubjeft to great variation; the difk of the [lower in the Anthemis is not fo prominent, but of a lighter yellow than that of the Matricaria. Such are the chara&ers which prefent themfelves to the eye of an accurate obferver, but there is another which will greatly affift to corroborate, confirm, and render it impolTible for the plants to be miffaken, viz. the frnell; if the heads of the Matricaria are bruifed, they will be found to emit a flrong fmell, fomewhat refembling the true Chamomile, but not fo pleafant, while the heads of the Anthemis, treated in the fame manner, fmell intolerably difagreeable : another circumflance may alfo be added, the Matricaria is not known to blifler the fkin, in which alone it is perhaps lefs mifehievous to the hufbandman than the other : nor is the character which may be drawn from the feeds to be defpifed, thofe of the Anthemis being broad and truncated at top, wrinkly, and of a deep brown colour when ripe, thofe of the Matricaria much finaller, paler, and different in their fhape, vid. Jig. 6. July 7th, we difeovered feveral larvae feeding on this fpecies, which produced the CaJJida viridis.—Cattle in general refufe the Matricaria.—In Sweden the flowers are ufed medicinally mffcad of the Anthemis nobilis. Mr. Huns on, in our opinion, is perfedily juffified, in making one plant of the Matricaria Chamomilla and fuaveolens; Mr. Light foot, in his Flora Scotica, previoufly fuggeffed that they were the fame. We are furprifed that Profeffor Murray fhould adopt a fpecies founded on fuch vague characters as radiis deflexis and radiis patentibus. rr/urrf{>////j. Senecio Eruccefolius. Hoary Ragwort. SENECIO Lin. Gen. Pl. Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua. Recept. nudum. Pappus fimplex. Cal. cylindricus, calyculatus; fquamis apice fphacelatis. Raii. Syn. Gen. 7. Herbae flore composito, semine papposo non lactescentes FLORE DISCOIDE. SENECIO eruccefolius corollis radiantibus, foliis pinnatifidis dentatis fubhirtis, caule erefto. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 631. Sp.Pl.p. 1218. FL. Suec. p. y5o. JACOBThA altiflima, foliis erucae artemifiaeve fimilibus et aemulis. Rupp. Jen, 164. JxACOByEA Senecionis folio incano perennis. Rail. Syn. p. 177. Hoary perennial Ragwort with Groundfel leaves. ILudfon. Ft. Angl. p. 366. ROOT perennial, white, putting forth againft the next year feveral (boots, the thicknefs of a goofe quill, an inch or two inches in length, of a difagreeable tafte. STALK upright, three feet high, leafy, rigid, (lightly ftriated, purple and woolly. LEAVES alternate, half embracing the (talk, hairy underneath, and fometimes white with down, all of them pinnated, or rather pinnatifid, the pinnae linear, pointed and toothed. FLOWERS yellow, numerous, aimed the fize of the flowers of the common Ragwort, growing in a corymbus. CALYX common to all the florets, fomewhat cylindri- cal, grooved, feales thirteen in number, equal, membranous at the edge, the tips hairy and fomewhat glandular, not tinged with black, furniflied with a few linear feales at the bafe, which are pre(fed clofe, fig. i. COROLLA compound and radiate, Female flowers in the circumference about thirteen in number, fpreading, oblong, faintly three-toothed, 2. Hermaphrodite flowers in the centre nume- rous, the limb divided into five fegments and nearly upright, Jig. 3. STAMINA: five capillary Filaments. Anther as united, and forming a 5. SEED oblong, a little hifpid, furniflied with feflile, fimple down, fig. 6. RADIX perennis, alba, plures turiones craflitie pennae anferinae, unciales, aut biunciales, fapore in- grato, in fequentem annum proferens. CAULIS ere&us, tripedalis, foliofus, rigidus, fubflria- tus, purpureus, lanuginofus. FOLIA alterna, femiamplexicaulia, fubtus hirfuta, etiam incana, omnia pinnata feu potius pinna- tifida, pinnis linearibus, acutis, dentatis. FLORES lutei, numerofi, corymbofi, magnitudine fere florum Senecionis Jacobaea. CALYX communis fub-cylindraceus, fulcatus, fquamis tredecim, aequalibus, margine membranaceis, apicibus hirfuto-glandulofis, nulla nigredine tinftis, fquamulis paucis linearibus adpreflis ad bafin, fig, 1. COROLLA compolita, radiata, FloJ'culifeminei in radio tredecim circiter, patentes, oblongi, obfolete tridentati, fig. 2. Hermaphroditi numerofl in difeo, limbo quinquefido, fubere&o, fig. 3. STAMINA; Filamenta quinque capillaria. An- thers in cylindrum coalitae, fig. 5. SEMEN oblongum, hifpidulum, pappo feflili, (implici inftru&um, fig. 6. We have no doubt but the plant here figured is he Jacobcea Senecionis folio incano perennis of Rays Synopfis, ed. 3. p, 177. It certainly has a lefs jagged, and more groundfel-like leaf, than the common Ragwort. Its leaves and ftalks are alfo in general hoary, efpecially the latter*; and fo far the defcription difcriminates; but why perennis? fince both the aquaticus and Jacobcea, with which it has the greateft affinity, are confidered as perennial. We believe alfo, that our plant is the Jacobcea altiJfima,foliis Erucce Artemificeve fimilibus et cernulis ofßuppius FI. Jen. ed. Hall. p. 176. And as this defcriptive name appears among thofe which Linnaeus applies to his Eruccefolius, we confider ourfelves warranted in adopting his name of Eruccefolius. Baron Haller, who oftener makes fpecies of varieties, than varieties of fpecies, in the prefent inflance confiders this plant as a variety only of the Jacobcea. Profeflbr Jacquin, in his Flora Auflriaca, gives a figure and defcription of a Senecio, which he calls tcnufolius ; but as he adduces no fynonyms, and as his figure differs in fome refpeft: from our plant, though we ftrongly fufpeft it to be the fame, we dare not confider it as fuch. The Senecio Eruccefolius, though not fo common as the Jacobcea, is not unfrequent in the neighbourhood of London in certain fituations, particularly in the environs of woods, under hedges, among bullies, &c. and no where more abundant than about the Oak of Honour Wood, near Peckham. The Jacobcea, on the contrary, delights to grow in open hilly paflures, church-yards, by road fides every where : nor do thefe plants differ lefs in their ufual period of flowering ; the Eruccefolius flowering chiefly in Auguft, a month later than the other. This hoarinefs is moft obfervable when the plant Is young, or when it grows in a woody and hilly fituation, which it chiefly afFefts. When it is found in mold foil, or cultivated in a garden, it lofes this character, in common with many other plants of the fame clafs. Orchis Latifolia. Marsh Orchis, ORCHIS Unn% Gen. P/. Gynandria Diandria. Neftarium corniforme pone florem; Raii Syn. Herbae Bulbosis Affines* ORCHIS latifolia bulbis fubpalmatis reftis, neftarii cornu conico : labio trilobo lateralibus reflexo, brafteis flore longioribus. Finn. Syji, Vege tab. ed. 14. p. 810. Sp. Pl. 133 4. FI. Suec. n. 801. ORCHIS radicibus palmatis, caule fiflulofo, bra&ads maximis, labello trifido ferrato; medio Tegmento obtufo. Haller Hijl. 1279. t. 32. ORCHIS latifolia. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 1118. ORCPIIS palmata pratenfls latifolia, longis calcaribus. Bauh. Pin. 85» PALMA CHRISTI mas. Ger, emac, 220. ORCHIS palmata mas f. Palma Chrifti mas. Park. 1356. ORCHIS palmata non maculata. I. B. II. 774. Rail Syn. p, 380. The Male-Handed Orchis, or Male Satyrion Royal. JLightfoot FI. Scot. p. 516. Hud/on FI. Angi, ed, 2. p. 385. RADIX bulbofa, bulbis palmatis. CAULIS plerumque pedalis aut fefquipedalis ; ad apicem fere foliofus, craflus, fiftulofus, fu- perne fubangulofus, glaber. FOLIA e flavo viridia, fubereda, glabra, nobifcum immaculata, plerifque hujus generis et lon- giora et latiora. FLORES nobifcum faspius rofei feu carnei, faspe purpurei, raro albi, fpicati, conferti. SPICA fubovata, foliofa. BRACTEAE magnas, acuminatas, coloratas, fg. 1. COROLLA ; petala quinque, duo exteriora ovato- lanceolata, fubereda, parum maculata, Jig, 3. interiora conniventia, jig. 4. Calcar germine brevius, conicum, incurvum, obtufum. NECTARIUM obfolete trilobum lineolis et pundis faturatioribus pulchre variegatum, lateribus per astatem reflexis, Jig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta duo ; Anthers fub- rotundo-clavatae, e luteo-virefcentes, jig, 5. aud. ROOT bulbous, bulbs palmated, or handed. STALK ufually a foot or a foot and a half high, leafy, almoft to the top, thick, hollow, fomewhat angular above, perfedly fmooth. LEAVES of a yellowilh-green colour, nearly upright, fmooth, fpotlefs with us, and both longer and broader than moft of this tribe. FLOWERS with us for the moft part rofe or flefh- coloured, often purple, rarely white, growing in a fpike thickly together. SPIKE fomewhat ovate, and leafy. FLORAL-LEAVES large, long-pointed, and co- i, COROLLA pentapetalous, the two outermoft ovato- lanceolate, nearly upright, fpotted a little. Jig. 3. the innermoft doling together, jig. 4, the Spur ftiorter than the germen, conical, incurved, and blunt. NECTARY faintly three-lobed, beautifully variegated with fmall lines and dots of a deeper colour, the fides reflexed with age, jig. 2. STAMINA: two Filaments ; Anthers roundifh, club-fliaped, of a yellowifh-green colour, fig- 5■ magnified. The Orchis Fat folia is particularly diftinguifhed from the others, by growing (with us at leaf!) only in very Wet meadows, where Valeriana dioica, Menyanthes trfoliata, and Lychnis Flos Cuculi, ufually abound, and from which circumflance, we have called it Marfh Orchis, by its fpotlefs foliage, which is of a yellowifh-green colour, and by the uncommon length of the floral leaves, which give the fpike a very leafy appearance. It comes nearefl to the maculata: Haller reprefents the leaves fomewhat fpotted, and Linnasus defcribes them parum maculata; we do not find them fo in the neighbourhood of London ; but probably they may be fo in other places: fliould that be the cafe, thefe two plants will approach {fill nearer to each other. With us, pink is the mofl predominant colour of its bloflbms, though they are frequently found purple, and fometimes white ; even in the fame meadow. We need go no further than Batterfea-Meadows to find this plant in tolerable abundance; at a greater diffance from town it will be found much more plentifully ; it flowers towards the latter end of May. It is more eafily cultivated than many of the fame genus, and if planted in a moifl border, in a mixture of bog earth and loam, will grow to a much greater fize than is reprefented on the plate. f - rr/y.) /yy/y/y>//yy. Sparganium Ramosum. Great Bur-Reed. SPARGANIUM Lin, Gen. Pl. Monoecia Triandria. Masc. Amentum fubrotundum. Cal. 3-phyllus. Cor. o. Fem. Amentum fubrotundum. Cal. 3-phyllus. Cor. o. Stigma 2-fidum. Drupaexhucca, i-fperma. Raii Syn. non singulares et sui generis. SPARGANIUM ramofum foliis bafi triangularibus, lateribus concavis, pedunculis ramofis. SPARGANIUM ere dium foliis eredis triquetris. Lin. SyJl. Vege tab. p, 702. Sp. Pl. p. 1378. FI. Suec. n, 831. SPARGANIUM caule foliifque eredis. Haller. FUJI. 1303, SPARGANIUM ere dium, Scopoli FI, Carri, n. 1146. SPARGANIUM ramofum. Bauh. Pin. 15. Ger. emac. 45. ParkinJ'. 1205. Raii Syn. 437. Branched Bur-Reed. Hudjon FL Angi. ed. 2. p. 401. Lightjoot FI. Scot. p. 539. RADIX perennis, repens, radiculis fibrillis numero fiffimis inflruftis. CULMUS bipedalis, tripedalis, et ultra, ereflus, teres glaber, foliofus, foliis tribus circiter, praetei braflaeas. FOLIA radicalia erefla, faturate viridia, culmo duple fere longiora, bafi vaginantia, equitantia paulo fupra bafin fere ad apicem ufque tri quetra, latere interiore planiufculo, duobu; exterioribus concavis. BRACTE/E quatuor circiter, foliis caulinis fubfimiles inferioribus longioribus. FLORES monoici, in capitula collefli, fpicati. PEDUNCULI axillares, alterni, flexuofi, multiflori capitulis feffilibuSj inferioribus femineis duobus aut tribus, fuperioribus mafculi: pluribus; pedunculi fupremi flores mafculo; tantum gerunt. CALYX Flor. Mafc. Amentum commune, fubro tundum, undique denfiffime imbricatum conflans Pcrianthiis propriis plerumque tri phyllis, bafi linearibus, apice ovato-acutis deciduis, Jig. 1. au6l. COROLLA nulla. STAMINA: Filamenta plerumque tria, capillaria longitudine calycis; Antherm oblongae flavae, Jig. 2. CALYX Flor. Fern. Perianthium ut in mafculo, a bafi latior, magis concavus, nec deciduus fig- 3- PISTILLUM: Germen oblongo-ovatum, angula tum, definens in Stylum brevem fubula tum; Stigma oblongum ad unum latu; villofum, Jig. 4. PERICARPiUM: Drupa exfucca, turbinata cun acumine, inferne angulata, Jig. 3. SEMEN: Nuces duae, offeae, 6. ROOT perennial, and creeping, the fmall roots fur- nifhed with very numerous fibres. STALK two, three feet high, or more, upright, round, fmooth, leafy, leaves about three in number befides the floral leaves. LEAVES next the root upright, of a deep green co- lour, almofl twice the length of the Hem, (heathy at bottom and riding one on the other, from the bafe nearly, almofl to the top three-cornered, the inner fide almofl flat, the two outermofl hollow. FLORAL-LEAVES about four in number, fome- what like the leaves of the flalk, the lower- mofl longefl. FLOWERS monoicous, formed into little heads, and growing in fpikes. FLOWER-STALKS growing from the bofoms of the leaves, alternate, crooked, fupporting many flowers, the little heads feffile, the lowermofl ones female, two or three in number, the uppermofl ones male, and more numerous; the uppermofl flower-flalks bear only male flowers. CALYX of the Male Flowers. One common roundifh Catkin, clofely imbricated on every fide, and compofed of numerous individual Perianthia, confifling for the mofl part of three leaves, linear at the bafe, ovate and pointed at top, and deciduous, fig. i. magnified. COROLLA none. STAMINA: ufually three capillary Filaments, the length of the calyx ; Anthers oblong, yellow, Jig. 2. CALYX of the Female Flowers. A Perianthium as in the males, but broader at the bafe, more concave, and not deciduous. Jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen oblongo - ovate, angular, terminating in a fhort tapering Style ; Stigma oblong, villous on one 4. SEED-VESSEL: a juicelefs Drupe, turban-fhaped and pointed ; angular below, fig. 5. SEEDS: two bony Nuts, of an oblong ovate fbape, fig- 6- The Sparganium ramofum having a very ftrong creeping root, is one of thofe plants which very foon fill up a ditch or piece of water, if differed to remain unmolefted; we have not feen it more plentiful any where than in the life of Dogs, the ditches of which are full of it. We know of no ufe to which it is applicable. rl he ftalk is liable to be eaten by fome kind of larva whofe hiftory we have not yet difeovered, the leaves by the larva of a I enthredo unknown to us, as well as by the larva of the Ph alarm. Feftuca—two of which in their Chryfalis date, we this year, Auguft 24, 1786, found in a web under the leaves of the plant, in a pond near Malden in Effex ; and on the leaves of the fame plant, at the fame time and place, Dr. Goodenough and myfelf were fo fortunate as to find two fpecimens of that rare infe6l the Spbex fjfipes Linn an'. 1 he male flowers vary much in the number of their ftamina, and both forts in the number of the leaves of the calyx. In treating of the Fypha latifolia, we promifed, when we gave a figure of this plant, to inform our readers whether its feeds vegetated: we have fince then had an opportunity of obferving one of its heads, as it lay in a wet fituation, affume a green colour, which, on a careful examination, it was found to owe to the feeds having juft begun to vegetate. 342 • / » . t uwn ra/ttoj/o/r :i4J f /?/////? j< ??y?/or. ■ Sparganium Simplex. Small Bur-Reed. SPARGANIUM Lin. Gen, PI. Monoeci a Triandria, # Masc. Amentum fubrotundum. Cal. 3-phyllus, Cor. o. Amentum fubrotundum. Cal. 3-phyllus. Cor, o. Stigma 2-fidum. Drupa ex fucca, x-fperma. Ran Syn. Graminifoliai: non singulares et sui generis* SPARGANIUM Jianplex, foliis bafi triangularibus, lateribus planis, pedunculis fimplicibus. SPARGANIUM fimplex, foliis enfiformibus planis, caule fimplici, Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 401. SPARGANIUM natans foliis decumbentibus planis. Lin. Syjf. Vegetab. p. 702. Sp. P/. 1378. SPARGANIUM non ramofum. Bauh. Pin, 15. SPARGANIUM non ramofum. Parkinf. 1205. Raii Syn.p, 437. n. 2, 3. Bur-reed not branched. Linnaeus makes only two fpecies of the genus Sparganium, one of which he calls ereßum, and the other natans; the former he defcribes as very common in ditches and fifh-ponds, the latter peculiar to lakes and deep waters. Older Botanifts defcribe three fpecies, the ramofum, the non ramofum, and the minimum; the non ramofum Linnaeus confiders as a variety of his ereßum; it is this plant which we here give a figure of, from a thorough conviflion of its being a fpecies perfeHiy diftinft from the common one, whether it differs fpecifically from the natans we do not take on us at prefent to determine: Mr. Lightfoot, who has feen the natans in many places in Scotland, pronounces it a fpecies; Mr. Hudson, on the contrary, confiders it as a variety of the prefent plant ;—certain it is, foil and fituation will occafion an amazing difference in the appearance ofp'ants; we need only look at the Polygonum amphihium to be convinced of this; when it grows on land its leaves are all ere6f, in the water they float; the leaves of the Fefluca fluitans float in the fpring; as the fummer advances they grow upright; poffibly the depth and confequent coldnefs of the water, with other circumflances, may occafion the prefent plant to affume the floating appearance which authors defcribe:—• culture, perhaps, can only decide this matter: —let the experiment turn out as it may, as there are found to be two fpecies with ereft leaves, it became neceffary to alter Linnaeus’s names, which Mr. Hudson having judicioufly done we have adopted them. We (hall now point out the feveral chara&ers in which the prefent plan has appeared to us to differ from the ramofum. It differs in its place of growth. In its fize, In the colour and fhape of its leaves. In the branchednefs of its flower-ftalks, and In the colour of the male and female flowers. The common Bur-Reed grows in almoft every ditch in the neighbourhood of London, the fmall one On the contrary is found only in particular fpots, particularly in fuch pools of water as one meets with on heaths, and which are frequently made by the digging of gravel, along with the Myriophyllum, the Alifma Damafonium, Sifon inundatum, Scirpus fluitans, &c. It particularly abounds on Batterfea Common, juft before you enter Wandfworth on the left-hand fide from London, and flowers during the whole of the fummer. It is feldom found more than one fourth part fo high as the Sparganium ramofum. The leaves incline much more to a yellow colour, and inftead of being hollow on two fides near the bafe, as thofe of the ramofum are, they are flat, fo that a tranfverfe feHion forms a triangle with nearly plain fides; we look on this as its beft fpecific chara&er. Such as have opportunities of obferving the natans, will do well to obferve whether its leaves are fimilar near the bafe. Each flower-ftalk fupports only a fingle globule of male or female flowers; the lowermoft which fupport the female flowers vary confiderably in length, being fornetimes more than an inch long, and at other times feffile. The flowers before they blow look yellow, and have none of that blacknefs about them, fo confpicuous in thofe of the ramofum : they are alfo larger in proportion. 336 annua-. de/- efjcu/p. Mercurialis Annua. Annual, or French Mercury. MERCURIALIS Lin, Gen. Pl. Dioecia Enneandria. Masc. Cal. 3-partitus. Cor. o. Stam. 9-f. 12. Anther ce globofte didymae. Cal. 3-partitus. Cor. o. Styli 2. Capf. dicocca, 2-Iocularis, i-fperma. MERCURIALIS annua caule brachiato, foliis glabris, floribus fpicatis. Lin. Syfi. Vegetal?, p. 746. Spec. Pl. p. 1465. MERCURIALIS caule annuo, brachiato, foliis conjugatis, ovato lanceolatis, glabris. Haller Hi [i. n. 1600. MERCURIALIS Cynocrambe Scopoli FL Carn. n. 1226. MERCURIALIS tefticulata, five mas Diofc. et Plinii. Bauhin pin. 121. MERCURIALIS fpicata, five faemina, Diofc. et Plinii. Bauhin pin. 121« MERCURIALIS vulgaris mas et femina. Park. 295. X O MERCURIALIS mas et femina. Ger. emac. 332. MERCURIALIS annua glabra vulgaris. Raii Syn. p. 139. French Mercury, the male and female, HudJ'on. FL Angl. ed. 2. p. 435. RADIX annua, fibrola, alba, (] CAULIS pedalis ad fefquipedalem, eredus, glaber, ad bafm ufque ramofus, geniculatus, geniculis ? incraffatis, fubcomprems, anceps, idque \ alterne. ’ J RAMI alterne oppofiti, foliofi, cauli fubfimiles. { i FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, ovata, obtufiufcula, pa- \ tentia, bafi biglandulofa, obtufe ferrata, ad ) lentem ciliata, utrinque glabra, lucidiufcula, t venofa. PETIOLI foliis multo breviores, glabri, fupra cana- i liculati. \ STIPULAE quatuor, ad genicula, utrinque binae, ■ minimae. ; PEDUNCULI florum mafc. axillares, oppofiti, eredi, ( nudi, filiformes, foliis longiores, fubtetra- ( goni, fuperne proferentes glomerulos plures ( florum, feffiles, odore fambuci. CALYX: Perianthium tripartitum, foliolis ovatis, ( acutis, patentibus, Jig. 1. ( COROLLA nulla. ( STAMINA: Filamenta plerumque novem, alba,' capillaria; Anthers didymae, flavae, fig. 2. | FLORES FEMINEI in diffinda planta. _ 1 PEDUNCULI axillares, foliis breviores, faepius biflori, ( inter flores faemineos aliquando obfervatur ( mafculus imperfedus, longius produdus. 1 1 CALYX ut in mare, nifi quod foliola paulo minora, .fig-3- „ COROLLA nulla. NECTARIA duo, fubulata, utrinque ad latus ger- minis folitaria, Jig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum, didymum, compreflum, hifpidum; Stylus vix ullus; Stigmata duo, fubulata, patentia, longitu- dinaliter fuperne hifpida, Jig. 5. PERICARPIUM: Capsula didyma, echinata, bilo- cularis. SEMEN unicum in fingulo loculamento globofum, extus caffaneum, intus album. i ROOT annual, fibrous, of a white colour. STALK a foot or a foot and a half high, upright, fmooth, branched quite to the bottom, jointed, the joints fweiled, and fomewhat ) flattened, a prominent line runs on each i fide of the flalk, from one joint to another, > and that alternately. > BRANCHES alternately oppofite, leafy, fomewhat 1 like the flalk. | LEAVES oppofite, Banding on footflalks, ovate, } bluntifh, fpreading, having two glands at I the bafe, obtufely ferrated, if magnified > edged with hairs, fmooth on each fide, ) fomewhat gloffy, and veiny. \ LEAF-STALKS much fhorter than the leaves, fmooth, channelled above. STIPUL/E four at each joint, two on each fide, very \ minute. j) FLOWER-STALKS of the male flowers axillary, \ oppofite, upright, naked, filiform, longer |> than the leaves, fomewhat four-cornered, producing towards the top, feveral round, [ feffile, fmall duffers of flowers, having the jj fmell of elder. |) CALYX: a Perianthium deeply divided into three fegments, which are ovate, pointed, and fpreading, Jig. i. } COROLLA wanting. I STAMINA; generally nine Filaments, white and | very fine; Anthers double, and yellow, \ fig- 2- | FEMALE-FLOWERS on a feparate plant. | FLOWER-STALKS axillary, fhorter than the leaves, I generally fuffaining two flowers; among the | female flowers we fometimes find an imper- r fed male flower Banding on a longer foot- I flalk. * . * i CALYX as in the male, except that the leaves are a } little fmaller, Jig. 3. I COROLLA wanting. I NECTARIES two, tapering, one growing fingly on * each fide of the germen, Jig. 4. I PISTILLUM : Germen roundifh, double, flattened, 4 hifpid; Style fcarce any; Stigmata two, I tapering, fpreading, on the upper fide hifpid I lengthwife, Jig. 5. I SEED-VESSEL a twin Capsule, prickly, having I two cavities. I SEED one in each cavity, globular, chefnut coloured without, white within. We can difcover no fatisfa£lory reafon for calling this fpecies by the name of French Mercury, as it is not peculiar to France, but found with us, in a variety of places: Ray mentions it as growing plentifully on the fea-beach, near Ryde, in the Ifle of Wight; and Parkinson, near a village called Brookeland, in Romney- Marlh, Kent: it would appear to be more common now than formerly, as we very frequently meet with it in walle places, by the fides of roads, and in negleded gardens, in the neighbourhood of London. The Dogs Mercury was at one period thought to be an innocent plant, its poifonous qualities were difcovered by accident: the Annual, or French Mercury, has, at prefent, the reputation of being not only harmlefs, but to pofTefs medicinal virtues; it is of fome confequence then for us rightly to diftinguifh the two, and in this there is little difficulty. The Dogs Mercury has a ftrong, creeping, perennial root; this an annual one: the Dogs Mercury flowers only in the Spring; this the whole Summer long: the Dogs Mercury has an unbranched ftem; this a ftalk branched down to the bottom. The Annual Mercury has been ranked among the emollient oleraceous herbs ; it is faid gently to loofen the belly; its principal ufe has been in glyfters. The whole plant, particularly when in flower, has a flrong fraell of Elder. The fine blue colour which the Dogs Mercury acquires in drying, has induced feveral perfons to believe, that the plant, if properly treated, might be made, as well as many others, to produce Indigo; this induced Mr. Macintosh, an ingenious young gentleman of Glafgow, to make the following chemical analyfis of it, with which he was fo obliging as to favour me; and though it does not come under the proper plant, we apprehend no apology will be neceflary for inferting it here. « The whole plant, on being put into water, gives out a fine blue colour, which is immediately changed “ into a green by the addition of an alcali; but an acid has not the power of changing its colour into red, C£ as it does molt blue liquors, it only weakens the blue, and if a large quantity be added, it nearly deftroys “ it. The whole plant, on being dried, aflumes a blue colour, which it gives out readily to water; but in « all cafes, if a boiling heat be ufed, it only acquires a deep dirty green, which changes gradually into a “ brownilh red. Upon agitating violently the blue liquor, I always found it was changed into a brown « colour, the blue being entirely loft, and not to be recovered by any means I could fall upon. There falls « during this procefs, a fmall quantity of precipitate, which is alfo brown. If the blue liquor be evaporated, « the whole is likewife changed into the fame brownilh colour, and a fimilar precipitate falls, which, on “ being put into water, gives it a dark red colour. Newly-flacked lime put into the blue liquor, firft changes “ it into a green, which is very foon after deftroyed. I have obferved in the beginning of the evaporation, a « blue fecula upon the lides of the veflel, but always before the end of the procefs, the whole was of the “ brownilh colour mentioned above.-5 Agaricus Aurantius. Orange Mushroom. AGARICUS Linnod Gen. PL Cryptogamia Fungi. Fungus horizontalis fubtus lamellofus. Raii Syn. Gcn. 1. Fungi. AGARICUS aurantius pileo conico vifcido aurantio, lamellis luteis, ftipite nudo. Lightfoot, Flor. Scot.p. 1025. AMANITA glutinofus, flavus, pileo umbonato. Haller. Hift. n. 2420. FUNGUS parvus, lubricus, aureus, lamellis raris, amplioribus, pediculo crafliore. Mich. p, 147. FUNGUS aurantii coloris capitulo in conum abeunte. Vaillant Bot. Par. p, 67. FUNGUS pratenfis minor, externe vifcidus, ftriis fubtus fulvis feu croceis. Raii Syn. p. 8. n. 38.? In pafcuis elatioribus folitarius plerumque invenitur, fat copiofe nobifcum. STIPES uncialis, ad triuncialem, nudus, .fillulofus, fra- gilis, et admodum fiflilis, crafliufculus, fubtili- ter llriatus, laevis, faepe tortuofus, plerumque croceus. PILEUS uncialis, aut biuncialis, raro triuncialis, ut plurimum conicus, praefertim in junioribus, lubricus, et fubvifcidus, primo coccineus, dein croceus, feu aurantius, demum niger; nonnulli forman conicam retinent ufque ad diflbludonem, alii plani fiunt vertice tume- fcente. LAMELLtE primo albidae, dein fubcroceae, fi con- tundantur llatim nigrefcentes. | Found plentifully enough with us in elevated paftures, I and for the moft part fingly. | STALK from one to three inches high, naked, hollow, > brittle, and much difpofed to fplit, thickilh; I finely ftriated, fmooth, often twilled, and for l> the moll part faffron-coloured. ► » STALK one or two, feldom three inches broad, gene- J rally conical, efpecially when young, llippery, ► and fomewhat clammy, at firll of a bright fcarlet colour, then faffron or orange-coloured, ► and finally black; fome preferve their conical [ form even in decay, others become flat with ► a prominent crown. ► I GILLS firll whitilh, afterwards fomewhat faffron- J coloured, on being bruifed quickly becoming I black. As this Fungus is fo diftinguiftiable for its colours, fo diftinft in its fpecific chara&ers, and withal fo common, it is matter of admiration that we do not find more notice taken of it by Authors. Mr. Lightfoot, in his Flora. Scotica, has given an accurate defeription of it, which cannot fail of making it known: he quotes Schaffer’s figure, which reprefents our plant, and adopts his name of aurantius. Mr. Hudson does not mention it; and we are not certain whether the plant we refer to in Ray be ours or not. As well as Mr. Lightfoot, we had our doubts whether it was the fragilis of Linn aus ; but confidering his defeription, as well as that of Vaillant, who gives a figure to which Linn aus refers, we are certain it muft be a different plant. If the fragilis of Mr. Hudson be the fragilis of Linn aus, it is a very different plant from ours indeed. Vid. Schaff, Ic. tab. 230. to which he refers. This Fungus is by no means uncommon in elevated paftures, particularly where Eye-bright grows. It is ufually dwarfifti on heaths; but where the grafs is not clofe fed, it is found with a ftalk three inches high. The brilliancy of its colour foon ftrikes the eye. We may obferve, that this colour is moft vivid, or moft inclined to red in the young ones. As it grows old, it becomes yellower, and quickly changes quite black. Indeed it has an extraordi- nary tendency to turn black, not only from age, but from the flighted; bruife. The ftalk is alfo brittle, and very apt to fplit. It is found in perfe£lion about the middle of September. It does not poflefs any particular acrimony; but is not numbered with fuch as may be eaten with fafety. 30# as/ra // ////, / JOc/ ( sr/v/s/s yyy/y. Agaßicus Verdigris Mushroom, AGARICUS Linncsi Gen. FI. Cryptogamia Fungi. Fungus horizontalis, fubtus lamellofus, Raii Syn. Gen, 1. Fungi. AGARICUS cErugino/us (lipitatus, annuiatus, annulo fuperne nigricante; pileo convexo, caerulco- viridi, vifcofo, lamellis purpureo-fufcis. AGARICUS viridis (lipitatus pileo convexo viridi, lamellis albidis, ftipite longo virefcente. Hud/on FI. Angi, p, 614. AMANITA anulatus, pileo convexo caeruleo viridi, lamellis rofeo caeruleis. Haller Hift. n. 2444. FUNGUS medius pileo muco aeruginei coloris obdufto. Raii Syn. ed. 3. p. 6. Deering CataL Stirp, p. 80. FUNGUS pileolo cucullato, vifcido, intenfe viridi, et quafi vernigine oblito, inferne lamellis et pediculo albis, Micheli p. 152. AGARICUS. Schcef. Icon. tab. 1. Solitarius, et caefpitofus in fylvis et pafcuis nafcitur, rarior nobifcum. STIPES biuncialis, feu triuncialis, ex albo virefcens, fidulofus, annuiatus, infra annulum floccofus, teres, fubfragilis, fupra annulum laevis, fub- driatus, ad bafin lanuginofus, raro dritfus. ANNULUS perfidens, tenuis, fuperne driatus, e fufco nigricans, inferne virefcens. PILEUS unciam aut duas latus, primo convexo-coni- cus, ex caerulaeo-viridis, lubricus et fubvifci- dus, laevis, prope marginem et in margine ipfa floccis albidis adfperfus, demum planus aut parum concavus, e fufco-lutefcens, cuti- cula facile feparanda. LAMELLAE numerofae, brevioribus interje&is, e fufco- purpurafcentes, parum nebulofae, demum ni- gricantes. Grows fingly, and in cluders, in woods and padures, (carce with us. STALK two or three inches high, of a greenifh white colour, hollow, ruffled, below the ruffle (baggy, round, fomewhat brittle, above the ruffle fmooth, and (lightly (Iriated, at the bale woolly, feldom perfedfly (Iraight. RUFFLE permanent, (lender, on the upper fide (Iri- ated and of a blackiffl purple colour, on the under fide greenifh. CAP from one to two inches broad, at fird fomewhat roundifh, yet conical, the colour of verdigris, (lippery and fomewhat vifcid, fmooth, except near the edge, and on the edge itfelf, where it is covered with a whitifh, (haggy fubdance, finally flat, or a little concave, of a yellowifii brown colour, the cuticle eaffly peeled off. GILLS numerous, with (horter ones intervening, of a brownifh purple colour, a little clouded, finally blackifh. Amidft that variety of colour obfervable in the Fungi, there are few in which the green predominates fo much as in the prefent fpecies: hence it affords an obvious chara&er. But, alas ! in thefe plants of a day, we muft not lay too much flrefs on colour: nimium ne crede colori cannot be better applied to any fubjeft. It is, however, chiefly in its decline that it lofes that verdigris green, which on its firft appearance renders it fo confpicuous, the cap being often found of a pale yellowifh brown colour, and fometimes variegated with green, yellow, and black. The vifcidity of the cap is as conflant a charafter as its green colour, and this alfo is mod obfervable in the young ones, efpecially in the morning, or in fhowery weather; for in a very dry atmofphere the mod vifcid Fungi lofe their vifcidity. Next to the greennefs and vifcidity of the cap, we may remark, that the edge of it, where it breaks from the annulus, is very apt to be ragged : we have alfo found, that the outer fkin of the cap has an unufual tendency to feparate from the flefh. The gills, from the very beginning, are of a purplifh brown colour; and the annulus or ruffle, while connefted to the edge of the pileus, receives from the gills a fine powder, which communicates to the upper part of it a dark brown tint; this, contrafted with the light colour on the underfide, forms a very confpicuous character. The flalk below the ruffle is ufually of a blueilh green colour, and Ihaggy. This Fungus is not very common with us. Several of them appeared this autumn, in a grafs plat in my garden; and 1 have obferved twenty or thirty in Earl Mansfield’s little wood near the Spaniard, Hampftead- Heath, where if the feafon be not remarkably unfavourable, they are with certainty to be found about the middle of September. It has no acrid or difagreeable tafte; neverthelefs, we do not venture to pronounce it an eatable one. Ray’s defcription, though a fhort one, and Schaffer’s figure, accord exaftly with our plant. Haller quotes Schaffer; we therefore conclude from that circumftance, as well as from the confonancy of his defcription, that our plant is the fame as his; and Micheli, who is alfo quoted by Haller, gives a defcription fo exaftly correfponding with Ray’s, that we have no doubt but his alfo is the fame as ours. Whether our plant be the viridis of Mr. Hudson, we have our doubts; for he quotes authors who defcribe two different Fungi; at the fame time that he quotes Schaffer, tab. 1, (our plant) and Haller, n. 2444, (our plant) he refers to Micheli, Ray, and Scopoli, who defcribe another Fungus. Scopoli gives to his the name oi virens; part of his Diagn. is Stipes nudus. Ray quotes the Fungus magnus viridis of Sterbeck, and the fylvarum afper efculentus, feu ex albo virefcens of J. Bauhine : and Micheli thus defcribes his, Fungus efculen- tus, pileo pulvinato, viridi, inferne cum pediculo albo. This defcription is quoted by Scopoli for his virens■. Thus it would appear that thefe two are different fpecies; we muft leave it to Mr. Hudson to reconcile thefe contradi&ory fynonyma. It could be wiflied, that every Fungus was as diffin6l in its charaflers as the prefent, we fhould then foon fee order fpring from that chaos in which this tribe of plants has been conlidered as fo long involved; not but that chaos which Linn aus and other Botanifts have fo much lamented, is rather to be confidered as a creature of their own imagination than as the child of nature. The more we look into thefe variable plants, the more we are convinced that our ignorance of them depends on our inattention and want of obfervation. Bellow the fame pains on them as on other plants, obferve them in all their Hates, in all their varieties of fituation, and we (hall find that each of them has fome peculiarity ofcharadler. The difcovery of this character is what we fhould aim at; but this will not be found in the clofet. We may read over, with the moll fedulous attention, Batarra, Micheli, Gleditsch, and Haller, or turn over the multitudinous plates of Schaffer to little purpofe: to know the FunA well we muft watch them daily and yearly; in Ihort zoe mvft live with them, Agaricus Carnosus. Fleshy Mushroom. AGARICUS carnofus pileo convexo albo, medio rufefcente, lamellis confertis albis carne pilei duplo angufiioribus. In fylvis acerofis habitat nobifeum rarior, autumno vigens. Found with us in pine woods in the autumn, fcarce. Solitarius plerumque invenitur,^fubinde cefpitofus. Is generally found growing fingly, fometirnes in clutters. STIPES triuncialis et ultra, magnitudine fere digiti minimi, cralfus, nudus, fiftulofus, carne dia- metro tubi, firmus, albidus, faepe rubro macu- latus, parum ftriatus, bafi intra folia pini emortua defeendente. STALK three inches high and upwards, almott the thicknefs of the little finger, clumfy, naked, hollow, the fletti the diameter of the tube, firm, whitifh, often fpotted with red. faintly ftriated, the bafe defcending amongtt the dead pine leaves. PILEUS uncialis, ad triuncialem, albidus, medio ru- befens, et hinc inde maculis concoloribus adfperfus laevis, carnofus, carne multo, folido, albo, primo convexus, dein planiufculus, nec acris, nec laftefcens. CAP from one to three inches in diameter, reddifh in the middle, and here and there blotched with fpots of the fame colour, fmooth, flefhv, the flefh abundant, fol d, white, firft convex, finally almott flat, neither acrid nor milky. LAMELLAE numerofiffimae, albidae, anguflae, fefqui- lineam latae, brevioribus interje&is, demum rufefcentes. GILLS exceedingly numerous, whitifh, narrow, a line and a half broad, fhorter ones intervening, finally of a reddifh browm colour. We can find no certain traces of this fungus, either in the figures or defcriptions of authors; at leaf! in thofe of our own country. This may perhaps arife, from its being a local, or at leaft not a common mufhroom. ° * We have hitherto found it only in Lord Mansfield’s fmall pine wood, Hampttead, and there in no great plenty; but having obferved them in the fame fpot, and affuming the fame charafter for feveral fucceffive years, we are perfe&ly fatisfied of its being a very diftinft fpecies. This autumn. Sept. 22, 1785, we found about twenty of them. It is in fome degree charaflerifed by the fingularitv of its colour. We have few fungi that have a white Pileus, with a reddifh difk, and that, together with the ftalk, irregularly blotched with the fame colour; but it is more diftinguifhed by the quantity of flefh both in the Pileus and Stipes. It is this which gives it an unufual degree of firmnefs to the touch, and has induced us to bellow on it the name of carnofus. Chewed, it difcovers no unpleafant tafte: but notwithftanding this circumttance, and notwithttanding its tempting appearance, we mutt, till we have further proofs of its innocence, place it at leaft among the fufpi- cious fungi. J/J ( /f/err/w,j ryrr//vj//j. 3/y . rfC//. ' / V7Y// rr. ///. <. Agaricus Verrucosus. Warty-Mushroom. AGARICUS Linn. Gen. PL. Cryptogamia Fungi. Fungus horizontalis, fubtus lamellofus. V Raii Syn. Gen. i. Fungi. AGARICUS verrucofus ftipitatus, ftipite bulbofo, annulate, annulo laxo, pendulo, pileo verrucofo, lamellis albis. AGARICUS mufearius flipitatus, lamellis dimidiatis folitariis, Aipite volvato: apice dilatato, bafi ovato. Linn. Syfi. Veg.p. 820. Spec. PL. 1640. FI. S. 449. AGARICUS verrucofus caulefcens, pileo convexo cinereo, verrucis lamellifque albis. Hudfon. FI. Angi. p. 613. Lighifoot p. 1012. AMANITA petiolo procero fiffulofo annulate, pileolo plano flriato verrucofo fordido lamellis albis. Haller Hiji. n. 2397. AMANITA petiolo annulate, pileo fanguineo, lamellis albis. Haller Hijl. n, 2373. LKUCOMYCES gemmatus. Batar. tab. 6. B. LEUCOMVCES ipeciofior. Batarra tab. 6. A, AGARICUS mufearius. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 1459. FUNGORUM perniciofbrmn. Gen. 12. Spec. 4. Cluf.p. 280. Schaeffer. Icon. Fung. t. XX. LXXIV? XC. XCI. CCXLI. CCLVI11? CCLXI. Solitarie nafcitur in Ty I vis frequens. STIPES palmaris et ultra, craflitie digiti minimi, feu intermedii, ad bafin femper bulbofus, teres, ex albo-rubefcens, et maculatus, non raro flavefcens, annulatus. ANNULUS magnus, perfiflens, pendulus, plerumque flriatus, ex lamellis impreffis. PILEUS duas, tres, aut etiam quatuor uncias latus, primo fubrotundus, dein hemifphericus, de- mum planus, ad marginem fuperne obfolete flriatus, varii coloris, faepius vero aut fordide ruber medio faturatius colorato, aut flave- fcens; plerumque verrucofus, interdum nu- dus, verrucis albidis. LAMELLAE numerofae, brevioribus interje6lis, hori- zontales, primo albas, demum fordide carneae. Frequent in woods, growing flngly. STALK a hand’s breadth or more in height, the thick- nefs of the little or middle finger, always bulbous at its bafe, round, of a reddifh white colour and fpotted, not unfrequently yellow- ifh, and furnifhed with a ring or ruffle. RING or ruffle large, permanent, pendulous, for the moll part ilriated. CAP two, three, or even four inches broad, at firfl roundilh, then hemifpherical, laflly flat, on the upper fide, faintly ffriated at the margin, various in its colour, but molt commonly ei- ther of a dingy red, flrongeff in the middle, or yellowifh, for the molt part warty, fome- times bare, the warts whitifh. GILLS numerous, fhorter ones intervening, horizon- tal, at firfl white, laflly of a dirty flefh colour.