FLORA LONDINENSIS; ■ r.ru-.o- • " O R, PLATES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF SUCH PLA N T S AS GROW WILD IN THE ENVIRONS of LONDON; WITH THEIR . e Places of Growth and Times of Flowering; their feveral Names according to Linnaeus and other Authors: WITH A particular Description of each PLANT in Latin and English. TO WHICH ARE ADDED, Their feveral Ufes in Medicine, Agriculture, Rural Oeconomy, and other Arts. WILLIAM CURTIS. VOL. I. LONDON: Printed for and Sold by the Author, at his Botanic-Garden, Lambeth-Marjh ; and B. White and Son. Bookfellers, in Fleet-Street. m dcc lxxvii. T H E PREFACE ALTHOUGH the Author does not here mean to give a Preface at large, referving that until the firft; volume, containing thirty-fix numbers or two hundred and fixteen plants, {hall be completed ; yet he prefumes it will be fatisfadlory to his fubfcribers and the public, to be informed a little more fully of the nature and defign of the work; as it will alfo give him an opportunity of anfwering fome few objections that have been made to the plan of it. The primary defign of it, then, is to facilitate a knowledge of the plants of our own country, and eftablilli each fpecies and variety on a firm bahs: this the Author confiders as the grand defideratum at prefent; this arduous talk once accomplilhed, a way will be opened, and a foundation laid, for numberlefs improvements in Medicine, Agriculture, &c. To be enabled to do this, he means to take the greateft pains in the examination of thofe plants which he . figures; to have them drawn from living fpecimens moll exprelfive of the general habit or appearance of the plant as it grows wild; to place each plant, as much as is confident, in the moll pleafing point of view; and to be very particular in the delineation and defcription of the feveral parts of the flower and fruit, more efpecially where they characterize the plant. And in order that he may obtain a more perfeCl knowledge of each plant; that he may fee it in every Page of its growth, from the germination to the maturity of its feed; that he may compare and contrail the feveral fpecies together; that he may make experiments to elucidate the nature of fuch as are obfcure, or bring into more general ule thofe which bid fair to be of advantage to the public ; he is now cultivating each of them in a garden near the city, into which, by the kind alhllance of his friends, he has already introduced, in the courfe of one year, about live hundred different fpecies, including lixty of that moll valuable tribe of plants the gralfes. Although the afcertaining and fixing of the plants will be his principal objeCt, yet to make the work more ufeful to the public, as well as inftruClive and entertaining to the young botanift, his utmoll endeavours will be ufed to lay before them whatever may be found ufeful in old botanic writers; and here they mull not be furprifed to find many of the numerous and imaginary virtues, which they attributed to almoft every plant, purpofely omitted: the difcoveries made by modern authors, particularly relative to Agriculture and Rural Oeconomy, will be carefully attended to; as here feems to be a field juft opening to view, from whence the public is likely to draw great and lafting advantages: and as the knowledge of the plants themfelves is firft: neceflary, and for want of which, indeed, the experimental farmer cannot effe&ually communicate his improvements, he finds himfelf peculiarly happy in contributing his (hare to the public good. He is neverthelefs fenfible how inadequate his abilities, or indeed the abilities of any one perfon are, to render a work of this kind any ways complete; he therefore refpeCtfully folicits the aftiftance of thofe who wifti well to the improvement of Englijh Botany and Englifli Agriculture: any information they (hall be pleafed to communicate, (hall with thofe favours he has already received from divers of his friends, be gratefully acknowledged; and to induce them the more readily to communicate, he has fubjoined a catalogue of thofe plants which (with many others) are already drawn, and which he intends fhall form the next Falciculus. He is forry it has not been in his power to publifh his numbers fo fall as was originally propofed: the delay has chiefly been occafioned by the lofs of one of his principal artifls, whofe place is now fupplied by two others equally eminent; fo that the drawing and engraving, which before fell to the lhare of one perfon, being now divided betwixt two, he flatters himfelf he fhall be able to publifti a number once a month, or fix weeks at furtheft— he is however determined never to facrifice the accuracy or utility of the work to hurry—on this principle he has been at the expence of having fome of his plates engraven twice, and even three times over, before he could venture to publilh them. As the delay has originated from this fource, he hopes none of his fubfcribers that have hitherto fo generoufly contributed to the carrying on of the work, will withdraw that afiiftance, which alone can enable him to profecute it with advantage to the public, credit to himfelf, and fatisfaClion to them. It now remains to obviate fome few objections which have been made to the plan of this work; and firft, it has been fuggefted to the Author, that it would have been better received, if, inftead ofpurfuing the prefent plan, he had publilhed thofe plants only which were not figured in the Flora Danica, a work now carrying on in Denmark under the aufpices of the King: but a few moments reflection, mull, he prefumes, be fufficient, to convince every unprejudiced perfon how inadequate fuch a partial publication would have been to the making a knowledge of the plants of our country more general among ourfelves—at bed fuch a work could only anfwer the purpofe of thofe few individuals who are in polfeflion of that part of the Flora Danica already publilhed; and as that is flill going on, there is no doubt but the fame plants would be publilhed by both Authors; thus, the Butomus umbellatus, Solanum Dulcamara, and Ervum hirfutum, have been publilhed in the Flora Danica fince they were publilhed in the Flora Londinenjis, fo that in the end even thofe perfons would be obliged to purchafe duplicates of the fame plant. Another rea Ton why the Author could not adopt the plan propofed to him, was the limited fcale of the Flora Danica, which contains the figures and names of the plants only, but gives us no account of their properties, nor teaches us how to diflinguilh the difficult plants from one another; the plates likewife being /mall folio, cannot admit many of the plants of their natural fize, feveral of the graffes for inflance, as the Fejlucafluitans and Air a aquatica are obliged to be fo cut and diminiffied as fcarcely to be known. Many other objeftions might be urged without any view to depreciate a work which, though not fo complete in fome refpe&s as could be wifhed, has exceeding great merit:—but thefe will probably be deemed fufficient. The PREFACE. The engraving of one plant only on each plate has been another objection which fome have ftrongly urged, while others have in as warm terms teftified their approbation of it. It may be proper to mention, that whether one or more had been engraven on a plate, the difference in the expence would have been trifling, and chiefly in the paper; as they now are, each is dillinbl, and every one is at liberty to place them according to that fyfiern which he mod approves of. The want of figures of reference to the plates, or letter-ptefs, has been perhaps a more folid objedion ; but the Author hopes, that by the ufe of the indexes defcribed below, this alfo will be obviated. Having now, fo far as he can recoiled, anfwered every thing deferying the name of an objedion, he willingly fubmits his performance to the judgment of a candid and impartial public; confcious of having ufed his befl endeavours to be ferviceable in his department. Ufes of the Indexes, with for Binding. TN the firfl Index the plants are placed according to the Syflem of Linnaeus, with which it is prefumed, __ the greatefl part of his fubfcribers are befl acquainted. To find out any plant, even though the perfcn be not acquainted with this mode of arrangement, look in the alphabetical Englifh or Latin Index, and you will find the figures coi re (ponding with them as placed in the book: if,- for example, I want to find Ivy, I look for it. in Index, No. 3, where the Englifh names are alphabetically arranged, and find it to be the fixteenth plate; as there are feventy-two plates in each Fafciculus, I can readily guels within a few plates where it is placed: to thofe who have been accuflomed to look out plants in Linn.eus’s works it will come eafier; but if each fubfcriber will take the fmall pains of figuring the plates with a black lead pencil, any plant may then be immediately referred to. The Author could not hit on any mode more eligible, confident with the irregular order in which he has been obliged to publifh his plants. With every third Fafciculus will be given a general and more copious Index, with a Gloffary of the technical terms ufed in the wrork. lie w’ould recommend to his fubfcribers, that each Fafciculus containing twTelve numbers, be bound in hoards, and not cut at the edges; the plates to he placed in the fame order in which they occur in the firft Index ; taking care that each plate be put oppofite to the letter-prefs belonging to it, with a leaf of thin paper betwixt them. If any fhould be at a lofs to have them properly done, they will be pleafed to fend them to Raham Reepe’s, Bookbinder, in Crooked-Lane, near the Monument, who binds the Author’s. N. B. It may be neceffary to caution the Bookbinder againff beating the Numbers, as that operation would probably deflroy the beauty of the plates. A CATALOGUE Of thofe Plants which are intended to be Publifhed in the next Fafciculus Anemone nemorofa Adoxa mofchatellina Ajuga reptans Aira praecox Arabis thaliana Arenaria tenuifolia Achillaea Ptarmica Briza media Corylus avellana Chaerophyllum fylveftre Convolvulus arvenfis Circaea lutetiana Chenopodium Vulvaria Dipfacus fylveftris Epilobiurn anguftifolium Epilobium ramofurn Erica cinerea Fumaria officinalis Feftuca duriufcula Feftuca myuros Glechoma hederacea Geranium molle Geranium rotundifolium Geranium perenne Geranium Columbinum Hyacinthus non fcriptus Hyofycamus nigcr Hypericum montanum Flypericum quadrangulum Hypericum hirfutum Ilex Aquifolium Iris Pfeudacorus Lamium amplexicaule Lyfimachia nemorum Lyfimachia nummularia Lyfimachia tenella Lyfimachia vulgaris Liguftrum vulgare Lotus corniculata Myofurus minimus Malva officinalis Malva minor Medicago lupulina Ofmunda fpicant Oxalis Acetofella Orchis Morio Ornithopus perpufillus Plantago lanceolata Plantago major Plantago Coronopus Plantago media Poa rigida Poa comprefla Polygonum amphibium Polytrichum commune Ranunculus hirfutus Ranunculus Ficaria Sagina ereda Saxifraga tridadylites Spergula nodofa Sedum dafyphyllum Sedum reflexum Symphytum officinale Sparganium eredum Tuffilago farfara Tormentilla ereda Thymus ferpyllum Trifolium fragiferum Valeriana dioica Veronica officinalis Veronica hederifolia Veronica arvenfis I N D E X I. In which the Plants contained in the firft Fafciculus are arranged according to the Syftem of Linnaeus. Latin Name. Clajs and Order. 1 Veronica agreflis.. 2 Veronica Chamaedrys 3 Veronica ferpyllifolia Diandria Monogynia. 4 Anthoxanthum odoratum Diandria Digynia. 5 Aira aquatica 6 Poa annua 7 Felluca fluitans 8 Bromus mollis 9 Bromus fferilis Triandria Digynia. 10 Dipfacus pilofus Tetrandria Monogynia. .11 Hottonia palulfris 12 Anagallis arvenfis 33 Convolvulus fepium 14 Solanum Dulcamara 15 Lonicera Periclymenum 16 Lledera Helix 17 Conium maculatum Pentandria Monogynia. 18 ALthufa Cynapium 19 Scandix Anthrilcus Pentandria Digynia. 20 Affine media 21 Erica tetralix 1... Pentandria Trigynia. Oct Andria Monogynia. 22 Polygonum Biflorta ■ 23 Polygonum Perlicaria 24 Polygonum Penfylvanicum 25 Polygonum var. caule maculato 26 Polygonum Hydropiper 27 Polygonum aviculare 28 Polygonum minus .. 3 Oct Andria Digynia aut Trigynia. 29 Butomus umbellatus 30 Saxifraga granulata Enneandria Hexagynia. Decandria Digynia. 31 Sedum album • 32 Sedum acre S3 Lychnis Flos Cuculi. 34 Ceraftium aquaticum Decandria Pentagynia. Decandria Pentagynia. 35 Euphorbia peplus 36 Euphorbia Helidfcopia 37 Potentilla reptans Dodecandria Trigynia. Icosandria Polygynia. 38 Ranunculus bulbofus 39 Ranunculus acris 40 Caltha paluflris Polyandria Polygynia. 41 Verbena officinalis 42 Lamium rubrum 43 Thymus Acinos Di dyna m i a Gymnofpermia. 44 EuphraOa Odontites 45 Antirrhinum Cymbalaria 46 Antirrhinum Elatine 47 Antirrhinum Linaria 48 Digitalis purpurea Di dynami a Angiofpermia. 49 Draba verna 5° Thlafpi Burfa Palloris 51 Geranium cicutarium . 52 Geranium robertianum 53 Orobus tuberofus 54 Ervum hirfutum 55 Ervum tetrafpermum 56 Hypericum pulchrum 57 Hypericum perforatum 58 Leontodon Taraxacum 59 Lapfana communis 60 Erigeron acre 61 Senecio vulgaris 62 Bellis perennis TeTRADYNAMIA SiUculofa, Monadelphia Decandria. Diadelphia Decandria, Polyadelphia Polyandria. Syngenesia Polygamia JFqualis. Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua. 63 Viola odorata.-.. - 64 Viola hirta Viola tricolor 66 Ophrys apifera Syngenesia Monogamia, 67 Afplenium Scolopendrium 68 Polypodium vulgare 69 Bryum fcoparium 70 Bryum undulatum 71 Bryum hornum 72 Hypnum proliferum Gynandria Diandria, Cryptogamia Filices, Cryptogamia Mufci. INDEX 11. INDEX 111. In which the Latin Namesof the Plants are arranged Alphabetically. tn which theEnghlh Names ofthePlants are arranged Alphabetically. Flate Plate Anthoxanthum odoratum 4 Aira aquatica 5 Anagajlis arvenlis 12 Alfme media 20 Antirrhinum Cymbalaria 45 Antirrhinum Elatine 46 Antirrhinum Linaria 47 Afplenium Scolopendrium 67 TEthufa Cynapium 18 Bromus mollis 8 Bromus fterilis 9 Butomus umbellatus 29 Bellis perennis 62 Bryum fcopariurn 69 Bryum undulatum ....70 Bryum hornum 71 Convolvulus Sepium 13 Conium maculatum 17 Cerafliurn aquaticum 34 Caltha palultris 40 Drabra verna 49 Digitalis purpurea 48 Dipfacus pilofus xo Erica tetralix 21 Euphorbia Peplus ..35 Euphorbia Heliofcopia 36 Euphrafia Odontites 44 Ervum hirfutum 54 Ervum tetrafpermum 55 Erigeron acre 60 Feftuca fluitans 7 Geranium cicutarium 51 Geranium robertianum 52 Hottonia paluflris 11 Hedera Helix 16 Hypericum pulchrum 56 Hypericum perforatum 57 Hypnum proliferum 72 Lonicera Periclymenum 15 Lychnis Flos Cuculi 33 Lamium rubrum 42 Leontodon Taraxacum 38 Lapfana communis 59 Orobus tuberofus .33 Ophrys apifera 66 Poa annua 6 Polygonum Biftorta 1 22 Polygonum Perficaria 23 Polygonum Penfylvanicum 24 Polygonum var. caule maculate# 25 Polygonum Hydropiper 26 Polygonum aviculare 27 Polygonum minus 28 Potentilla reptans 37 Polypodium vulgare 68 Ranunculus bulbofus 38 Ranunculus acris 3g Solanum Dulcamara .14 Scandix Anthrifcus , Saxifraga granulata qo Sedum album . '3! Sedum acre 32 Senecio vulgaris , 61 Thymus Acinos 40 Thlafpi Burfa Palloris Veronica agreflis x Veronica Chamaedrys 2 Veronica ferpyllifolia 3 Verbena officinalis 4^ Viola odorata ----63 Viola hirta 64 Viola tricolor 65 Air a iweet talted water Brome-Grass Toft 8 Brome-Grass barren 9 Bryum broom 69 Bryum curled 70 Bryum fwan’s-neck yi Bistort common 22 Crane’s-Bill hemlock-leaved Crane’s-Bill {linking or herb Robert Cymbalaria Ivy-leaved 45 Chick we ed common . 20 Convolvulus large white 13 Cinquefoil common 37 Crowfoot round-rooted 38 Crowfoot upright meadow 39 Daisy common 62 Dr aba vernal 49 Dead-Nettle purple 42 D andelion common 58 Eyebright red 44 Erigeron purple 60 Flowering-Rush 29 Fools-Parsley 18 Fluellin (harp-pointed 46 Foxglove purple 48 Fescue-Grass floie 7 Groundsell common 61 Harts-Tongue 67 Hemlock ...17 Heath crofs-leaved 21 Hot ton i a water lx Hy pnum proliferous 72 Honeysuckle common k Ivy xg Knot-G* x s common 27 Mousear hickweed marfii 34 Marsh-Marigold 40 Nipplewort common 59 Nightshade woody 14 Orchis Bee 66 Pimpernel common. X 2 Pi nk meadow , .33 Pea wood 53 Poa common dwarf. 6 Persicaria fpotted leaved .23 Persic aria pale flowered 24 Persicaria fpotted ftalk’d 25 Persicaria biting 26 Persicaria fmall creeping 28 Polypody common 68 Pansie wild 65 Spurge fmall garden 35 Spurge fun 36 St. John’s-Wort fmall upright ~56 St. Jo hn’s-Wort common 57 Scandix rough-feeded 19 Saxifrage white 30 Stonecrop white flowered 3X Stonecrop common yellow 32 Shepherds-Purse 50 Speedwell procumbent garden x Speedwell germander-leaved 2 Speedwell fmooth-leaved 3 Tine-Tare rough podded 54 Tine-Tare fmooth podded re Teasel fmall jo To a d-Flax common yellow 47 Thyme bafil 43 Vernal-Grass fweet-feented 4 Vervain 41 Violet fweet-feented 63 Violet hairy 94 Veronica Agrestis. Procumbent Garden-Speedwell. VERONICA. Linn. Gen. PL Diandria Monogynia. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. Herbie fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalo. VERONICA agrejlis, floribus folitariis, pedunculatis; foliis cordatis incifis, petiolatis; caule procumbente. VERONICA agrejlis, floribus foiitariis, foliis cordatis incifis pedunculo brevioribus. Linn. Syjl. Veg. fi. 56. VERONICA floribus foiitariis, foliis cordatis incifis petiolatis. Hudfon FI. Angi, p. 6. VERONICA caule procumbente; foliis petiolatis, ovatis, crenatis. Haller Hijl. v. 1. n. 594. VERONICA agrejlis. Scopoli FI. Carn. p. 21. Diagn. Primiflora; foliis ovato-cordatis, crenatis, pedunculo brevioribus. VERONICA floribus Angularibus, in oblongis pediculis, Chamsedryfolia. Raii Syn. p. 279. Germander-Speedwell or Chickweed. ALSINE foliis Triffaginis. Ger. emac. 616. Parkinfon 764 ALSINE Chamaedryfolia flofculis pediculis oblongis infidentibus. Bauh, Pin. 250. Oeder FI. Dan. Icon. 449. RADIX annua, fibrofa. CAULES plures, primum erefti, tandem procumben- tes, femipedales, fubvillofi, teretes. FOLIA alterna, ovato cordata, ferrata, petiolis brevi- bus iniidentia, fubhirfuta. FLORES pedunculati, pedunculi axillares, longitu- * dine fere foliorum, poft florefcentiam reflexi. CALYX: Perianthium quadripartitum, laciniis lanceolatis, hirfutis, fubtortuofis, fg. 1. COROLLA monopetala, fubrotata, calyce brevior, laeviffimo fere taftu decidua; tubus brevifti- mus; lacini.e concavae, fubrotundae, nunc penitus coeruleae, nunc venis coeruleis (friatae, fg- 2* STAMINA: Filamenta duo, alba, medio craftiora; Anther# ccerulefcentes, fig. 3. PISTILLUM; G ermen fubcompreffum, hirfutulum, bafi netfario cinclum; Stylus viridis, apice incraffatus, flaminibus brevior ; Stigma album, capitatum, fg. 4, PERICARPIUM Capsu l m Vero niece ferpyllifolia fimilis, at major, rotundiorque, fg. 5. SEMINA pallide fuCca, plerumque 6 in fingulo locu- lamento, rugofa, hinc convexa, inde con- cava, fg. 6. ) ROOT annual and fibrous. } STALKS feveral, firft upright, then procumbent, ) about fix inches in length, round and fome- j what villous. LEAVES alternate, of an ovate-heart (hape, ferrated, , placed on fhort foot-ftalks and (lightly hairy, i FLOWERS placed on foot-ftalks, which proceed from i the Axillae of the leaves, and are nearly of | the fame length; after the flowers are gone ' off turning back. ' CALYX: a Perianthium divided into four laciniae, | which are lanceolate, hairy, and fomewhat , twifted, fg, i. i COROLLAmonopetalous, fomewhatwheel-fhaped and i (horter than the Calyx, falling off on the lead 1 touch; the tube very (hort; the lacini/e ' concave, and roundifti, fometimes wholly blue, fometimes ftriped with blue, fg. 2. STAMINA : two Filaments of a white colour and thickeft in the middle; Anthers blueilh, ■fig- 3- PISTILLUM: Germen flattifh, a little hairy and furrounded at bottom by a Ne£farium ; the Style green, thickeft at top, and Ihorter than the Stamina; Stigma roundifti and white, fg. 4, SEED-VESSEL a Capsule like that of the Veronica ferpyllifolia, but larger and rounder, fg, 5. SEEDS of a pale brown colour, generally 6 in each cavity, wrinkled, convex on one fide and 1 hollow on the other, fg, 6, There are few Botanifts but what are apt to confound this fpecies of Veronica with the Veronica arvenfis, and this appears to arife in fome degree from their Amilarity to each other, but more perhaps from the Ami- litude of their Latin, and the ambiguity of their Englifti names. To prevent in fome degree this confufton, I have taken the liberty of altering the Englifh name of Germander-Speedwell or Chickweed to that of procumbent Garden-Speedzuell, in order that the young Botanift. may thereby more readily diftinguifh it from the fpecies above mentioned. The ftalks of the Agrejlis are ufually procumbent, and it is found generally in Gar- dens ; whereas the Arvenfis has an upright ftalk, and with us is found mod commonly on Walls. BeAdes fuch obvioufly diftinguifhing characters, thefe two plants differ conAderably in many other refpefts. In the Arvenfis the leaves are feflile, in this they are placed on foot-ftalks ; in the Arvenfis the flowers are feftile, in this fipecies they likewife are placed on foot-ftalks: and a difference (till more remarkable, or at leaft more curious, exifts, which Teems not to have been attended to, viz. the largenefs and roundnefs of the feed-veffels, and the particu- lar ftrufture of the feed. In molt of the Veronicas the feed-veffel is heart-fhaped, and even in this fpecies it retains fomewhat of that form, although each of the cavities is large and round; and if we examine the form of the feeds, we (hall not wonder at this particular conftruftion, for each feed, inftead of being fmall and flat as in other Veronicas, is large, convex on one fide, hollow on the other, and wholly different in its appearance. This peculiarity of ftrufture, (hews what inconftancy there is in the parts of fru&iAcation, and how improper it would be to found a Genus on the particular form of any one of them, Ance thofe which are in general the mod uniform, are fometimes fubjeft to fuch uncommon variations. The number of feeds in each Capfule is generally about Twelve, Linn#us fays Eight, Scopoli from Sixteen to Twenty. This fpecies grows frequently in Gardens, and flowers through moll of the fummer months. No particular virtues or ufes are attributed to it. tea aarctitzj. 7 )( mtw/» (’/>anuzc//y,r Veronica Chamidrys. Wild Germander. VERONICA Linn. Gen. PL. Diandria monogynia. Rail Syn, Gen. 18. Herbie fructu sicco singulari, flore monopetalo. VERONICA Chamcedrys racemis lateralibus, foliis ovatis rugofis dentatis fefFiIibus, caule bifariam pi- lofo. Linn. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 57. FI Suecic. p. 6. VERONICA foliis cordatis fubrotundis, hirfutis, nervofis, ex alis racemofa. Haller Hifl.n. 536. CHAMCEDRYS fpuria minor rotundifolia. Bauhin Pin. 249 CHAMCEDRYS fpuria fylveHris. Parkin/on 107. CHAMcEDRYS fylveflris. Gerard, emac. 6,57. Raii Syn. 281. Wild Germander, Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 5. Scopoli. Fi. Carniol. p. 15. (a). Oeder FI. Dan. Icon. 448. RADIX perennis, repens, fibrofa. CAULES numerofi, ducumbentes, teretes, duri, bifa~ riam denje hirfuti, ramofi. FOLIA cordato-ovata, oppofita, nunc feffilia nunc petiolis brevibus inlidentia, ferrata, venofa, hirfutula. FLORES numerofi, ad 20, caerulei, petiolati; Petioli bractea lanceolata fuffulti; racemi longi, nunc oppofiti nunc folitarii. CALYX: Perianthium quadripartium, perfiflens, foliolis lanceolatis, hirfutulis, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, rotata, tubus brevilfimus in terne ad inferiorem partem villofus, limbo quadripartito, plano, laciniis fubcordatis ad bafin venis faturatioribus Hriatis, inferiore anguHiore, fig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta duo apice incraflata, adfcen- dentia, fg. 3. Anthers fagittatae, fig. 4. Pollen album, 6. PISTILLUM: Germen compreflum glandulanefta- rifera cin&um: Stylus declinatus, caerule- fcens: Stigma obtufum, purpureum, fig 5. PERICARPIUM: Capsula cordata, fubcompreffa, pallide fufca, calyce paulo brevior, ad margi- nem hirfutula, fg. 7. SEMINA plura, comprefla, flavefcentia, fig. 8. ROOT perennial, creeping, and fibrous, STALKS numerous, fpreading, round, hard, hairy on each fide, hairs very thick together, branched. LEAVES of an heart-fhaped oval form, oppofite, ge- nerally feflile, fometimes Handing on fhort foot-Halks, ferrated, veiny, and flightly hir- fute. FLOWERS numerous, to 20, of a bright blue colour, forming long racemi (which are fometimes oppofite, fometimes fingly) Handing on foot- folks, each of which is fupported by a long- pointed Bractea. CALYX: a Perianthium divided into four feg- ments, and continuing, the fegments lanceo- late and flightly hairy, fg. 1. COROLLA monopetalous and wheel fhaped, the tube very fhort, internally villous on the lowermoH fide, the limb flat, and divided into four fegments, the fegments fomewhat heart-fhaped, Hriated at bottom with veins of a purple colour, the lowermoH fegrnent narrower than the refl, fg. 2. STAMINA: two Filaments, thickeH at top, rifing upward, fg. 3. the Anthers arrow fhaped, fg. 4. the Pollen white. PISTILLUM: the G ermen flattifh, furrounded at bottom by a neftariferous gland, fig. 6. the Style hanging downwards, blueifh, the Stigma blunt, and purple, fig. 5. SEED-VESSEL: a Capsule, heart-fliaped, fattifi, of a light brown colour, a little fiortcr than the calyx, and flightly hairy at the 7. 1 SEEDS feveral, flat, of a yellowilh brown colour, fig- 8- The flowers of this Veronica are the largeH and moH fpecious of all the Plants of that Genus which grow wild in this kingdom. Many plants with lefs beauty are cultivated in our Gardens with the greateH care. The leaves have been recommended by fome writers as a fubflitute for Tea. It bears a confiderable refemblanc6 to the Veronica montana, but differs eflentially from that plant in the fize of its Seed-velfels, and the great number of flowers which it bears on its Racemi. See Jaquin. Flor. Aufiriac. Vol. 2. When growing wild, the leaves are ufually feflile, or placed on very fhort foot-Halks: when cultivated, they become larger, and the foot-Halks moderately long; a kind of monHrofity, which Linnaeus has likewife obfer- ved is very frequent on the leaves at the extremity of the Halk, which are cohered into a very hairy white knob. On opening one of thefe, I found two or three Infetls in their Pupa or Chrylalis Hate, which moH probably would have produced fome fpecies of Fly. This appearance is very common at the latter-end of Summer. This is an early blowing plant, and grows very common on dry banks, under hedges, and in orchards. It flowers in May and June. Veronica Serpyllifolia. Little Smooth Speedwell, or Paul’s Betony. VERONICA. Linn. Gen. P/. Diandria Monogynia. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. Herbie fructu sicco singi)lari, Flore monopetalo. VERONICA ferpyllifolia racemo terminali fubfpicato, foliis ovatis glabris, crenatis. Linn. Syji. Veg. p.56. F/. Suec. p. 6. VERONICA caule reflo, foliis ovatis, glabris, crenatis, petiolis ex alis unifloris, brevifiimis. Haller Hi/i. n. 546'. VERONICA pratenfis ferpyllifolia. Bauh. Pin. 247. VERONICA pratenfis minor. Park. 551. VERONICA minor. Ger. em ac. 627. VERONICA fcemina quibufdara, aliis Betonica Pauli Serpyllifolia. J. Bauhin III. 285 VERONICA. Raii Syn. p. 279. n. 3. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 4. n. 4. Scopoli F/. Carn. v, 1. p. 12. n. 30, Odder FI. Dan. Icon. 492. ROOT perennial, and very fibrous. STALKS numerous, creeping at bottom, then growing upright, fimple, three or four inches high, round and fmooth. LEAVES oppofite, nearly uniting at bottom, of a roundifj-ovate form, here a?id there fightly ferr ti- led, fmooth, and three-rib’d. FLOWERS white, coloured with blue veins or dripes, growing in fpikes on foot-dalks alternately. Floral leaves large and ovate. CALYX: a Perianthium divided into four parts, the fegments of an ovate pointed (hape, and fmooth, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetalous, wheel-diaped, the tube very fiiort, the fegments fomewhat heart- diaped, the lower one narrowed; the upper fegment marked with eight purple veins or dripes, the fide ones with two, and the lower one entirely white, fig. 2. STAMINA: two Filaments, white and thickidi to- wards the extremity; the Anthers blucifh, fig- 5>6- PISTILLUM: the Germen fiattifh, the Style white, a little thicker towards the extremity, and continuing. Stigma roundilh, and of a red- didi colour, fig. 3. NECTARY at the bottom of the Germen as in the Veronica Chamaedrys. SEED-VESSEL: a Capsule fomewhat heart-diaped, of a brown colour, and large in proportion to the plant, fig. 4. SEEDS numerous, of a yellowidi brown colour, and fomewhat ovate drape, fig. 8. We counted 60 in one Capfule, RADIX perennis, fibrofidima. CAULES numerofi, ad bafm repentes, dein erefli, fimplices, palmares, teretes, laeves. FOLIA oppofita, fubconnata, fubrotundo-ovata, rariter et ohfolete ferrata, glabra, trinervia. FLORES albi, venis pi6li, fpicati, pedunculati, alterni, Bracteae magnae, ovatae. CALYX: Perianthium quadripartitum, laciniis ovato-acutis, glabris, fg- i- COROLLA monopetala, rotata; tubus brevidimus; laciniae fubcordatae, inferiore angulliore; fu- periore lacinia Uriis aut venis purpureis o£lo notata, lateralibus venis duabus, inferiore penitus alba, Jig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta duo, alba, apice incraffata, fig. 5> 6. Anther & caerulefcentes. PISTILLUM: G ermen fubcompreffum, Stylus albus, apice paululum incraffatus, perfidens. Stigma capitatum, rubens, fig. 3. NECTARIUM ad bafm germinis, ut in Veronica Chamaedrys. PERICARPIUM: Capsula fubcordata, fufca, pro magnitudine plantae magna, fg. 4. SEMINA plurima, 60 numeravi, e luteo fufca, fub- ovata, fg. 8. No particular virtues are attributed to this little plant by Writers. It is one of the lead of the Veronicas, and occurs frequently in Meadows and Fields, and foraetimes in Gardens, dowering in the Spring and Autumnal Months. There is a great deal of delicacy in its blolToms, but they are too minute to make its beauty confpicuous enough for the Garden. O Its final 1, round, fmooth, and firming leaves, readily didinguifli it from the other Speedwells, ( )4- Anthoxanthum Odoratum. Sweet-Scented V ernal Grass. ANTHOXANTHUM Linntei Gen. PL Diandria Digynia. Calyx. Gluma bivalvis, uniflora. Corolla. G1 urna bivalvis, acuminata. Semen unicum. RaiiSyn. Gen. 27. Herbae graminifolle flore imperfecto culmifer/e, ANTHOXANTHUM odoratum Fpica oblonga, ovata, laxa. ANTHOXANTHUM odoratum fpica oblonga, ovata, flofculis fubpedunculatis anfta longioribus, Finnan SyjL Veget ab. p. 67. FI. Suecic. No. 33. AVENA diantha, Folliculo villofo, calycis glumis inaequalibus, altera de imo dorfo, altera de Fummo aridata. Haller.'Hiji. Helv. No. 1491. ANTITOXANTHUM odoratum Scopoli FI. Carniol. No. 38. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 10. StillingJJeet Mifcel, t. 1. Schreber Gram, tab. 3. p. 49. GRAMEN pratenfe Fpica flaveFcente. Bauhin, Pin. 3. GRAMEN vernum Fpica brevi laxa. Raii Syn. 389. Scheuch, Hijl. 88. RADIX perennis, fibrofa. CULMI primum obliqui, demum eredli, dodrantales, aut pedales. FOLIA inter digitos attrita odorem Afperulae odoratae fpargunt, plerumque pubefeentia, lac pe leniter tortuofa, membrana ad bafm inftru£la, Vagina ffriata, laevis. SPICLE oblongo-ovatae, laxae. CALYX: Gluma bivalvis, Valvulis inaequalibus, infe- riore dimido breviore, membranacea, acuta, fuperiore acuminata, nervis tribus viridibus extantibus, fir. 3, 2. COROLLA: G luma bivalvis, valvulae fubaequales, membranaceae, piloficc, ariffatae, fufeae; altera Arifta quae demum geniculata fit, prope balin exfurgit, altera prope apicem, fig. 4. NECTARIUM : Glumul.e duae, pellucidae, nitidae, ovatae, inaequales, germen includentes, fig. 5, 6. STAMINA: Fi lamenta duo praelonga; Anthers oblongae, purpureae, utrinque furcatae, fig. 5, PISTILLUM: Germen minimum, oblongoovatum ; Styli duo filiformes glumi longiores, verfus apicem plurnulofae, fig. 7. SEMEN unicum, Neblario fufeo, nitido, inclufum, M-8- ROOT perennial and fibrous. STALKS at firll growing obliquely, finally becoming upright, ulually from 8 to 12 inches high. LEAVES, if rubbed betwixt the fingers, find ling like 70, 7 O Woodruff, generally pubefcent and often curled, furnilhed with a membrane at bottom; the Sheath ftriated and fmooth. SPIKES of an oblong ovate Ihape and fmooth. CALYX: a Glume of two Valves, the Valves unequal, thelowermoft (horter by one half, membranous and acute ; the uppermoh acuminated, with three ftrong nerves or ribs, fig. 3, 2. CORO JjA : a Glume of two Valves, the Valves arly equal, membranous, hairy, of a brown a lour, and furnilhed with Aril he, one of the \rhlae, which finally becomes bent, Iprings Lorn the bafe of the Valve, the other almofl at the top, Ji\. 4. NECTARIUM : two fmall, pellucid, ffiining, ovate, un- equal Glumes or Valves enclojing the C'ermen, M- 5’ 6 STAMINA: two Filaments very long; Anthers long, purple, forked at each end, fig. 5. PISTILLUM: Germen very fmall, of an oblong ovate fhape; Styles two, /lender, longer than the Valves, and towards the top a little feathered, fig- 1• ... .. , SEED fingle, enclofed within its brown, finning Necla- num, fig. 8. The Anthoxanthum is diftinguifhed from the other Graffcs by a very Angular circumflance, viz. that of having only two Stamina, fig. 1. hence it is placed by Linn.eus among the Diandrous plants, and Feparated From all the other Grades; this peculiarity, although it occafions a Feparation which does violence as it were to Nature, yet it Ferves in a very linking manner to diFcriminate this Genus From a numerous and difficult tribe of plants : exclufive oF this Angularity, it differs alFo very ed'entially in the other parts oF its Fruclification ; each of the Spicuhe contains in common with many other grades, only one dower, fig. 1 : one oF the Glumae Calychue, or valves of the Calyx, is Fmall and membranous, fig. 3 ; the other is large, and endoFes, or wraps up in it, as it were, the whole oF the 2; theFe glumes, Fo Far as I have obFerved, do not open and expand themFelves in the manner obFervable in the Avenas, and many other grades, where they Feparate quite wide, and expoFe their little Feathery Styles; but the Stamina and Pidida appear to pufh themFelves out, the Glumes remaining cloFed, fig. 1. The Gluma Corollacece are very didimilar to thoFe of mod other grades, being remarkably hairy, and having each of them an Arida, the longed oF which Fprings from near the baFe of the Glume, is at fird draight, but as the Feed becomes ripe, the top of it is generally bent horizontally inward; the other Arida ariFes From near the top of the oppofite Glume or Valve, fig. 4. The Glumulat Nedlarii or little Glumes or the Netlarium, differ no leFs in their druClure, being compofed of two little oval ffiining Valves, one of which is fmaller than the other; theFe cloFely embrace the Germen, and cannot be Feen but with great, difficulty, unlels they are obFerved jud at the time that the Anthene are protruding from betwixt them, when they are very didinft, fig. 6; as Foon as the Antherae are excluded, they again dole on the Germen, and continue to Form a coat to the Feed which does not feparate, fig. 3, 8. The Farmer, or thofe who have not been accudomed to examine plants minutely, may readily didinguiffi this grafs by its Fmell; if the leaves are rubbed betwixt the fingers, they impart a grateful odour like that of Woodruff,—hence I have called it Fweet-Fcented. Like the Trifolium repens or Dutch Clover, and many others of our mod ufeful plants, this Grafs grows on almod every kind of Foil, from the poored and dried, to the mod fertile and boggy ; it Fecrns however in general to prefer a Foil that is moderately dry. It is FubjeCl, like all other plants, to vary in its fizc, according to the goodnefs of the ground it grows in : the leaves have a particular tendency to be curled if the Foil be rich ; and when it grows in woods, the Fpikes are often much denderer and loofer. It has been called by forne Authors Vernal or Spring Grafs, from its coming into ear earlier than mod others; towards the middle of May it is in full bloom, and about the middle of June the feed is ripe, and may be eafily Feparated on rubbing. There is great reafon to believe, that this is one of our Grades which might be cultivated with confiderable advantage : in the meadows about town it grows to a confiderable height, and Forms a thick tuft of leaves at bottom ; but the circumflance mod in its favour, is its early appearance in the Spring ; this fee ms to point it out as a proper grafs to Fow with others in laying down meadow land, and probably the Poa trivialis or common Meadow Grajs, with the hefiuca or Meadow Fefcue joined to it, would Form a mixture, the produce of which, would For this purpofe, be Fuperior to that of moil others. ( ( /j/ //n /y/ y/ //////// . C y/ nr s /y/u/Z/rsc . Aira AquaticA. Sweet-Tasted Water AirA* AIRA Linncei Gen. PL Triandria Digynia. Cal. 2 valvis, 2 florus. Flofculi abfque interjefto rudimento. Rail Syn. Gen. 27. Herb.e graminifolue flore imperfecto culmifer.-e. AIRA aquatica panicula patente, floribus muticis laevibus calyce longioribus, foliis planis. Linncei Syft. Veget ab. p. 96. FI. Suecic. No. 68. POA locuftis bifloris ; glabris, florali gluma majori plicata, ferrata. Haller hiji. No. 1471 AIRA aquatica Scopoli FI. Carniol. 94. Hudfon FI. Angi. 29. 1 AIRA culmo inferiore repente, flofculis muticis calyce longioribus, altero pedunculato. Roy. lugdb. 6d, GRAMEN caninum fupinum paniculatum dulce. Bauhin Pin. 2. GRAMEN miliaceum aquaticum. Raii Syn. 402. Scheuchz. agr. 218. GRAMEN miliaceum fluitans fuavis faporis. Merret. Pin. RADIX perennis. CULMUS bafi repit, furculofque emittit more Feflucae fluitantis qui longe excurrunt et ad geniculos radiculaspluresalbasdimittunt; culmus demum erigitur, pedalis circiter, teres, eretfus, fiftu- lofus, tener. FOLIA latiufcula, tenera, laevia, carinata, vaginae ftriatae, ad bafm rubrae praecipue in furculis. PANICULA erefta, diffufa, laxa, racemi plures ex uno punclo, faepe flexuofi. plerumque biflores, flofculo uno feflili, al- tero pedunculato, purpurei, apicibus albidis, fig. i. CALYX : Gluma bivalvis, valvulis inaequalibus, pur- pureis, laevibus. Corolla multo brevioribus, fig. 2. COROLLA: Gl uma bivalvis, valvulis aequalibus, fub- truncatis, plicatis live angulatis, fig. 3. STAMINA: Filamenta tria capillaria, longitudine Corollae; Anther /e 3. PISTILLUM : Germen ovatum ; Styli duo, plumofi, .h-4- NECTARIUM Glumul/E duas minim® ad bafm Ger- minis, fig. 5. SEMEN ovatum, intra Glumas arcle claufum, fig, 7. ROOT perennial. STALK creeps at bottom, and fends out young {hoots like the Flote Fefcue grafs, which run out to a confiderable diftance, and fend down fmall white roots at the joints; it then becomes ereft, grows to about a foot in height, is round, hol- low, and tender. LEAVES broadilh, tender, fmooth, carinated, the (heaths ftriated, red at bottom, particularly in the young (hoots. PANICLE upright, fpreading, loofe ; branches feve- ral, proceeding from one point, frequently crooked. generally contain two flowers, one of which is feflile, and the other (lands on a foot-flalk, purple, the tips white, fig. i, CALYX : a Glume of two valves* the valves unequal, purple, fmooth, and much fhorter than the Corolla, fig. 2. COROLLA:a Glume of two valves, the valves equal, as if cut off at top, folded or angular, fig. 3. STAMINA: three capillary Filaments the length of the Corolla ; Anther.® yellow, fig, 3. PISTILLUM: Germen oval; Styles two, and fea- thery, fig. 4. NECTARY two very minute Glumes at the bottom of the Germen, fig. 3. SEED oval, clofely contained within the Glumes, fig. 7, The fame foil and fituation winch produces the Fejiuca Jluitans, is productive alfo of this grafs ; they both grow in gently-flowing dreams, or in wet boggy meadows ; this circumdance may ferve among others to didinguifli the Aira aquatica from fome of the Poas, with which at fird dght the young botanid might eadly confound it; it has however befides this, many other characters which point it out more obvioufly. The bottom of the (talk ufually creeps on the ground, and when it gets into the water, it runs out like the Fejiuca fluitans to a confiderable dif- tance, throwing od roots and young (hoots as it paffes along, very much in the manner of that grafs: the (talk grows about a foot or more in height, is hollow and remarkably tender; the leaves are broader than any of the Poas, except the Poa aquatica, which is in every refpeft a much dronger plant: but what more elpecially cha- racterizes this grafs, is the purple or blueifli colour of the Panicles, which is difcernible even at a didance ; and the fweet tade of the flowers if drawn through the mouth, whence this grafs has acquired the name of Dulce. Its parts of fruCtification likewife above defcribed, didinguifli it very drongly ; when dried and placed between papers, the flowers and feeds are very apt to fall off. It flowers in June and July, and may be found almod every where in the fituations above mentioned. With refpeft to its ufes in rural oeconomy, it is in every refpeft inferior to the Flote fefcue grafs, confequently not worth cultivating for the ufe of cattle. In a country like ours, where cultivation has made a confiderable progrefs, the water plants are confined to a fmall fpace compared to what they occupied in a date of nature; the draining of bogs and lakes, has rendered many large trafts in feveral parts of the kingdom, capable of producing corn and grafs, adapted to the ufe of cattle, which were formerly inaccedible to man or bead. We ought not however to look on this or any other plant as made in vain, becaufe we do not immediately fee the ufes they are applied to: feveral forts of water- fowl which abound in uninhabited countries, are expert gatherers of the feeds of the aquatic graffies; and no lefs than five different fpecies of Mufcoe or Flies, were produced from a few handfuls of the feeds of this grafs, which when I gathered it, were doubtlefs in their Pupa or Chryfalis date : How little do we know of natures pro- duftions! y r// fniHt/tf Poa Annua. Common Dwarf Poa. POA Linncei Gen. Plant. Triandria Digynia. Rail Syn. Gen. 27. Herba: graminifolije flore imperfecto culmifera:. POA annua, panicula diffufa, angulis reftis, fpiculis obtufis, culmo obliquo compreflb. Lin. Syfi, Vegetati. p. gy. Spec. Plant, ed. 3. p. gg. FI. Suec. p. 228. POA culmo infradlo, panicula triangulari, locuftis trifloris glabris. Haller, hijl. vol, 2. p. 223. GRAMEN pratenfe paniculatum minus. Bauhin. Pin. p. 2. GRAMEN pratenfe minimum album et rubrum. Gerard, emac. 3. Parkinfon. 1156. GRAMEN pratenfe minus feu vulgatiflimum. Rail Synop. 408. Hadfon, FI. Angl. p. 34. Scopoli. FI. Carniol. yi. Stillingfleet. tab. 7. RADIX annua, fibrofifllma. CULMI plures, cefpitofi, femiprocumbentes, in pratis vero inter alias plantas crefcentes, fuberedli, paululum infradli, femipedales. VAGINaE compreflas, ancipites, laeves. FOLIA plurima, brevia, carinata, glabra, fdepe tranf- verfim rugofa, margine minutiflime aculeata, fis- 8-. . PANICULA triangularis, fubcomprefla, flores fub- fecundi. PEDUNCULI univerfales ad bafin paniculas plerum- que bini, altero breviore, in medio frequen- ter terni, apice vero foliiarii; anguli nunc . redii, nunc obliqui. SPICULfE ovato-acutae, compreflas, utrinque acutos, trifloras, quadrifloras, fig. 2. CALYX: G luma bivalvis, valvulis concavis, inae- 1. COROLLA bivalvis, valvulis villofis, margine mem- branaceis, albidis, una majore, concava, obtufiufcula; altera minore, angufliore, or A fig-3- STAMINA: Filamenta tna capillaria; Anthers flavefeentes, bifurcatas, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Ge rmen ovatum. Styli duo rarno- fiflimi, pellucidi, fig. g. SEMEN ovatum, corolla adnafeente tedium, ad bafin villofulum, fig. 7. ROOT annual and very fibrous. STALKS numerous, forming a turf, femiprocumbent, •but in meadows when growing among other plants, nearly upright, a little crooked, and about half a foot high. SHEATHS flat, two-edged, and fmooth. LEAVES very numerous, fhort, keel-fbaped, fmooth, frequently wrinkled tranfverfely, the edge very finely ferra ted, 7%. 8. PANICLE of a triangular fhape and flattilh, the flowers growing moftly to one fide. PEDUNCLES: the univerfal peduncles generally proceed from the bottom of the panicle in pairs, one of which is fiiorter than the other, from the middle ofien by threes, and at top /indy; forming angles fometimes flraight, fometimes oblique. SPICULiE oval and pointed, flattifh and fharp on both fides, containing three and four flowers, r fa 2- CALYX : a Glume of two valves, the valves hollow and unequal, fig. i. ; COROLLA of two valves, the valves villous, mem- I branous and whitifh at the edges, the one » larger, hollow, and bluntift), the other fmaller and narrower, fig, 3. STAMINA: the Filaments very minute, the An- ther.® yellowifh and forked, fig, 4. I PISTILLUM: the Germen oval, two Styles ex- -5 ceedingly ramified and pellucid, fig. g. ; SEED oval, covered by the corolla, which adheres i to it at bottom, (lightly villous, fig. 7. The laudable Society eflablifhed in London for the encouragement of Manufaflures, Arts, and Commerce, fenfible of the improvements which might be made in Agriculture, from a more general introduction of the mo(i ufeful Englifli Grajfes, have offered premiums to fuch as [ball give the beff account of their cultivation ; and the Poa Annua above defcribed, is one of thofe they have feleded, from its appearing to them to be one of the mod ufeful. Mr. Stillingfleet obferves, that it makes the fineft turf; that he has Teen in high Suffolk whole fields of it, without any mixture of other Grades ; and that, as fome of the befl fait butter we have in London comes from that county, he apprehends it to be the beff Grafs for the dairy ; from obferving like wife, that this Grafs flourifhed much more from being trodden on, he concludes that frequent rolling muff be very ferviceable to it. There is no Grafs better entitled to Ray’s epithet of Vulgatijfimum than this, as it occurs almoff every where, in meadows, gardens, at the fides of paths, and on walls: when it grows in a very dry fituation, it frequently doth not exceed three inches ; but in rich meadows it often grows more than a foot in height. The panicle is frequently green ; but in open fields it acquires a reddifh tinge. It flowers all the fummer long, and even in winter, if the wTeather be mild. It appears to be the firff general covering which Nature has provided for a fruitful foil, when it has been diffurbed; for which reafon, in walks, pavements, or pitching, it may be confidered as one of the molt troublefome of weeds; the mod; expeditious method of deftroying it, would probably be by pouring boiling water on it. All the authors that have defcribed this Grafs call it annual : it differs, however, very confiderably from the other annual Grafles ; they throw up their fpikes or panicles, produce their flowers and feeds, and then die away ; this, on the contrary, keeps continually throwing out new fhoots, and producing new flowers and feeds, and if the ground be moift, a Angle plant will remain growing in this manner throughout the year, fo that we generally find on the fame plant young fhoots and ripe feeds. /ufOyV’j, Dipsacus Pilosus. Small Wild Teasel, or Shepherd’s Rod. . DIPSACUS. Linn. Gen. PI. Tetrandria Monogynia. Calyx communis polyphyllus; proprius fupcrus. Receptaculum paleaceum. Raii Syn. p. 191. Herbie Corymbiferis affines. DIPSACUS pilofus foliis petiolatis appendicularis. Linn. Syjt. Vegetal, p, 120. Spec. Plant. 141. DIPSACUS foliis biauribus, capitulis hemifphaericis. Haller Hiji. Helv. n. 199, DIPSACUS fylveflris capitulo minore vel Virga palloris minor. Bauh. Pin. p. 385. DIPSACUS minor feu Virga palloris. Ger. emac. 1168. VIRGA PASTORIS. Parkinfon 984. Raii Syn. p. 192. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 49. RADIX biennis CAULIS orgyalis, ere&us, ramofiflimus, pene teres, aculeatus, fulcatus, RAMI oppofiti, patentes, cauli fimiles. FOLIA ad bafin Caulis, connata, ovato-lanceolata, ferrata, nervo medio fubtus aculeato, indivifiai fiuprema appendiculata; Ramorum ; ima ap- pendiculata, ferrata, fiuprema margine inte- gerrima, lanceolata. PEDUNCULI ere&i, longi, ex dichotomia caulis, ful- cati, aculeati, apice fpinofiflimi, uniflori.- FLORES albidi, in capitulum hemifphaericum col- le&i, dum florent nutantes, poflea capitula eriguntur. CALYX: Perianthium commune multiflorum, hexa- phyllum, foliolis longitudine florum, patenti- bus, lanceolatis, 1. Perian- thium proprium, parvum, fuperum, concavum, ciliatum, fig. 5. lente auftum. COROLLA: propria monopetala, tubulofa, limbo quadrifido, lacinia inferiore longiore, fig. 3. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor Corolla longiora; Anthers purpureae, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen inferum, tetragonum; Sty- lus filiformis longitudine Corollae; Stigma fimplex, fig. 6. PERICARPIUM nullum. SEMINA fufca, fubtetragona, fig. 4. RECEPTACULUM commune hemifphaericum, palea- ceum, pars inferior palearum concava, alba, carinata, fuperior lanceolata, acuminata, fpi- nuhs obfita, fig. 2. ROOT biennial. STALK about fix feet high, upright, very much branched, nearly round, prickly, and grooved. BRANCHES oppofite, fpreading, like the ftalk. LEAVES at the hot torn of the Stalk connate, ovato- lanceolate, ferrated, the midrib prickly under- neath, undivided, thole at the top dividing at the bale into two fmaller leaves; the leaves on the branches at bottom fimilar to thofe laft delcribed, at top lanceolate, with the edges entire. FOOT-STALKS of the flowers upright* long, pro- ceeding from the middle where the flalks fe- parate, grooved, prickly, at top very full of {lender fpines, fupporting one flower. FLOWERS whitifh, colle&ed together in a fmall hemifpherical head, which, while the plant is in flower, droops, and afterwards becomes upright. CALYX: the common Pe riant hi um fupporting many flowers, compofed of fix leaves, the length of the flowers, fpreading, lanceolate and pointed, fig, i. The Perianthium of each fioficule fmall, placed above the Germen, hollow, and ciliated, fig. g. magnified. COROLLA: each fioficule monopetalous, tubular, the limb quadrifid, the lowermofl fegment longeff, fig- 3- STAMINA: four Filaments, longer than the Co- rolla; Anthers 3. PISTILLUM: Germen placed below the Calyx, qua- drangular; the Style filiform, the length of the Corolla; the Stigma Ample, fig, 6. SEED-VESSEL wanting. SEEDS brown, nearly quadrangular. RECEPTACLE common to all the flowers palea- ceous; the lower part of the paleae hollow, white, and angular behind; the upper part lanceolate, tapering to a point, and befet with little fpines or hairs, fig. 2. This fpecies of Feafel may be confidered as one of our Plantae rariores. Hitherto I have found it only in one place near town, viz. on the right-hand fide of the Turnpike-road leading from Deptford to Lewijham, not tar from the latter. As it grows to a confiderable height, it is confpicuous at a dillance. The flowers appear in July, and the feed is ripe in September. It continues to blow for a confiderable time; and, did not the plant take up too much room, there is beauty enough in its flowers to recommend it for the Garden. Moths feem very fond of its blofibms, being found on them in great numbers after fun-fet. Hottonia Palustris. Water Hottonia, or Water Violet. HOTTONIA Linn, Gen. PL Pentandria monogynia. Raii Syn. Gen. 18, Herbie fructu sicco singulari, flore monopetalo. HOTTONIA palujlris, pedunculis verticillato-multifloris. Linn. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 164. HOTTONIA florum verticillis fpicatis. Haller Hiji. p. 632 MILLEFOLIUM aquaticum feu Viola aquatica, caule nudo. Bauhin Pin. 141. Parkinfon 1256 VIOLA paluflris. Gerard, emac. 826. Raii Synop. p. 285. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 72. Scopoli Flor. Carniol. n. 313. FL Dan. Icon. 487. RADIX e plurimis fibrillis capillaceis albis conflat, quas in limum profunde dimittuntur, CAULIS five Scapus floriferus, pedalis, fimplex, ereftus, multiflorus, verfus apicem glandulis fcabriufculus, ad bafin foliis plurimis inftruc- tus, unde per aquam longe excurrunt caules plures qui fibrillas dimittunt. FOLIA plurima, plerumque immerfa, pinnata, in api- cibus caulium juniorum denfa, reflexa, pin- nis linearibus planis. FLORES pallide purpurei, verticillati, fpicati, pedun- culi ad. 10. Bra&aea, ad bafin inftru&i, poft fiorefcentiam reflexi, CALYX: Perianthjum monophyllum, quinquepar- titum: laciniis linearibus, ere6lo-patulis, fig- 1- COROLLA: monopetala, hypocrateriformis, tubus longitudine calycis, limbus quinquefidus, planus: laciniis ovato-oblongis, emargina- tis, fig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, fubulata, brevia, ere&a. Anthers oblongae, flavae, Jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen fubglobofum. Stylus fili- formis, brevis. Stigma globofum, Jig. 4. FERICARPIUM: Capsula globofa, unilocularis, fubpellucida, Jig. 5. SEMINA plurima, ovata, pallide fufca, fig. 7. recep- taculo globofa intra capfulam affixa, fig. 6. ROOT confifls of numerous white capillary fibres, which penetrate deep into the mud. STALK or flowering Scapus, a foot high, fimple, upright, fuflaining many flowers, towards the top roughifh with little glands, furnilhed at bottom with numerous leaves, from whence feveral ftalks proceed, and run out to a confiderable length through the water, throwing out numerous white fibres. LEAVES numerous, generally under the water, pin- nated, growing in tufts on the tops of the young Italks, bending downwards, the Pinnae linear and flat. FLOWERS of a pale purple colour, growingin whorls, and forming a Ipike. Peduncles to 10 in num- ber, furnifhed at bottom with a BraEtea, when the flowers are gone off turning downwards. CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, divided into five segments, which are linear, upright, and fomewhat fpreading, fig. i. COROLLA: monopetalous and falver-fhaped, the tube the length of the calyx; the limb di- vided into five fegments and flat; the seg- ments of an oval oblong Ihape with a notch at the extremity. fig. 2. STAMINA: five Filaments tapering, (hort, and up- right. Anthers oblong and 3. PISTILLUM: G ermen roundifh. Style thread- fhaped and fhort. Stigma fpherical. fig. 4. SEED-VESSEL: around Capsule of one cavity, 1 flightly tranfparent, fig. 5, SEEDS numerous, ovate, of a pale brown 7. i affixed to a round receptacle within the cap- > fule. Jig. 6. This lingular plant abounds in molt of our watery Ditches, particularly in fuch as divide the Meadows, and flowers in May and June, continuing for a confiderable time in bloffom; among a variety of other places it may be found in a ditch on the right-hand fide of the Field Way leading from Kent-Street Road to Peckham, We do not find any author that mentions its poffeffing any properties to recommend it but its beauty and fingularity, both of which it poffefTes in a degree fufficient to command our admiration. The leaves generally grow beneath the furface of the water, and afford a Nidus, if not nourifhment, to the frefh water periwinkle, and fome other fmall fhell-fifh. Antient Botanifls have given it the names of Millefolium aquaticum and Viola aquatica. The great number of its leaves induced them, with fome propriety, to call it Millefolium; but why they fhould call it a Viola feems difficult to determine, as the bloffom has nothing in its ftrudlure fimilar to the flowers of that Genus. Boer- have afterwards called it Hottonia, in honour of Dr. Hotton, which name Linnaeus has continued. C y/r/Zr/z/o' /7 ' • Anagallis Arvensis. Pimpernel. ANAGALLIS Limed Gen. Plant. Pent and ri a Monogynia. Raii Syn. 18. Herbie fructu sicco singulari, flore monopetalo. ANAGALLIS foliis indiviAs caule procumbente. Lin, Spec, Plant. 211. ANAGALLIS phceniceo flore. Bauhin. Pin. 252. ANAGALLIS mas. Fufchii. 18. Gerard emac. 617. Parkmfon Oeder. /7or. Zhm. tab, 88, 282. Hudfon 73. Haller Hijl. 621, 626. Scopoli FI, Carniol, 139. RADIX fimplex, fibrofa, annua. ROOT Ample, Abrous, and annual. CAULIS ramofus, proftratus, quadrangularis, laevis, fubtortuofus, fig, 1. STALK branched, procumbent,quadrangular,fmooth, and a little twifted, j'zg'. 1. FOLIA oppoAta, feflilia, cordata, glabra,fubtuspunEiis fufeis notata. LEAVES oppoAte, feflile, heart-fliaped, fmooth, un~ derneaih dotted with brown. PEDUNCULI oppoAti, foliis fere duplo longiores, inflexi. PEDUNCLES oppoAte, nearly twice the length of the leaves, bending downwards. CALYX perfiflens, quinquepartitus, fegmentis trian- gularibus, alatis, membranaceis. Jig, 2. CALYX perfifting, divided into Ave fegments, the fegments triangular, and membranous at the edges, Jig, 2. COROLLA monopetala, quinquepartita, laciniis ro- tundis, coccineis, ad bafm purpureis, mar- gine crenatis, fubpiloAs, Jig, 3, 4. COROLLA monopetalous, quinquepartite, the laci- niae fcarlet, purplifh at bottom, the edges ilightly notched, and hairy, Jig. 3, 4. STAMINA: Fi lamenta quinque, zreEiz, pilofijjima, (pili articulati!) fuperne purpurea: An- thers oblongae, biloculares, flavae, inA- dentes. Jig, 5, 6. STAMINA: Ave Filaments, upright, and very hairy, (the hairs, when magnified, jointed !) at top purplifh: the Anthers oblong, bilocular, yellow, and fitting on the Alaments, Jig, 5,6. PISTILLUM: G ermen rotundum : Stylus Alifor- mis, obliquus, longitudine Alamentorum ; Stigma fubrotundum, extra circulum Jta- minum locatum. Jig,. 7. PISTILLUM: the Germen round: the Style Ali- form, the length of the Alaments : the Stig- ma roundifh, placed without the circle of the Stamina, fig. 7. PERICARPIUM: Capsule rotunda, nitida, quin- quenervis, fubdiaphana, circumciffa, fufea, fig- 8. SEED-VESSEL, a Capsule, round, fhining, brown, (lightly tranfparent, having Ave nerves, di- viding tranfverfly into two equal parts,j%. 8. SEMINA plurima, angulofa, fufea, fig, 9. SEEDS numerous, brown, and angular, fig. 9. Nature feems to have taken uncommon pains in the formation of the flowers of this little plant; fewpoflefs more livelinefs of colour, or greater delicacy of ftrudure ; this mufl be fufficiently obvious to every common obferver; but when its minute parts come to be viewed by the microfcope, we are charmed with beauties alto- gether novel and unexpeded ; we then And that the edges of the flowers, which to the naked eye appear a little uneven or hairy, a~e furnifhed with a number of little glands, placed on foot-ftalks ; and that the hairs of the Alaments, which partly tend to diftinguifh this genus, are regularly jointed; the piftillum, which gene- rally rifes upright betwixt the flamina, is here inclined to one Ade, fo that the ftigraa is placed without the circle of the flamina. The care which nature has taken likewife in the prefervation of thefe delicate parts from the injury of the weather, is not lefs remarkable. Every morning, if the weather be fair and warm, the bloflbms fully expand ; but if rain falls, or there be much moifture in the air, the flowers quickly clofe themfelves up, to fecure the enclofed antherae and ftigma, from having their fundions deftroyed. From this property, which it has in common with many plants of the fame clafs, it has acquired the name of the Shepherd's, or Poor Man's Weather-glafs—they have remarked, that if the flowers be open in a morning, it will prove a flne day, if ihut, the contrary. The fmall Birds (Pafferes Linncei) are fond of the feeds of this plant: and according to experiments made by fome of Linnaeus’s pupils, it appears that Kine and Goats feed on it. It is very common in gardens and corn-Aelds, flowering all the Summer. A variety with four leaves at a joint, fometimes occurs in a rich foil; but as it differs in no other part, and is a mere variety, it fcarcely deferves a diftind Agure. It is alfo found with blue, and fometimes with white flowers: but we have not obferved either of thefe varieties near London* Convolvulus Sepium. Large White Convolvulus, or Great Bindweed. CONVOLVULUS. Linn. Gen. PL Pentandria Monogynia. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalo. CONVOLVULUS (fepium) foliis fagittatis, pollice truncatis, pedunculis tetragonis, unifloris. Linn* Syfi. Veg. p. 168. FL Suec. p. 64. CONVOLVULUS foliis fagittatis, hamis emarginatis, angulofis, petiolis unifloris, (lipulis cordatis maximis. Haller Hijl. v. 1 .p. 294. CONVOLVULUS major albus» Bauh. Pin. 294. SMILAX laevis major. Ger. emat. 861. Park. 163. Raii Syn. p. 275. Great Bindweed. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 74. Scopoli FI. Carm 141. FL Dan. Icon. 458. RADIX perennis, ctaffitie pennae anferinae, alba, fub terra reptans et late fe propagans* vix eradi- canda, Hortorum pellis. CAULES numerofi, volubiles, tortuofi, finali* orgy- ales, fubramolh RAMI pauci, alterni, cauli fimiles. FOLIA alterna, fagittata, pollice truncata, glabra, petiolata. PEDUNCULI uniflori, alterni, tetragoni. CALYX: Involucrum biphyllum, foliolis oblongo- cordatis, fubcarinatis, venofis, purpurafcen- tibus, fig. 1. CALYX: Perianthium pentaphyllum, tubulofum, foliolis ovato-lanceolatis, pallide virentibus, fig. 2. COROLLA monopetala, infundibuliformis, laflea, limbo lato, obfcure divifo, paululum reflexo. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, fundo corollae in- ferta, hirfutula, alba, fubulata ; Anthers fagittatae, albae, infidentes, Jig, 3. PISTILLUM: Germen fubovatum; Stylus fubu- latus apice tortuofus; Stigma bifidum, fig- 4. 5- . NECTARIUM: Glandula crocea annuliformis ad bafin Germinis. PERICARPIUM: Capsula fubrotunda, fuliginofa, mucronata, Jig. 6, 7. SEMINA angulofa, fulca, Cotyledonibus mire convo- lutis, Jg. 8, g. ROOT perennial, about the thicknefs of a goofe-quill, of a white colour, creeping under the ground and propagating itfelf exceedingly, rooted out with the greateft difficulty, and hence very troublefome in Gardens. STALKS numerous, twining, twilled, ftriated, generally about fix feet high, and fomewhat branched. BRANCHES few, alternate, like the ftalk. LEAVES alternate, arrow-ffiaped, apparently cutoff behind, fmooth, and placed on foot ftalks. FOOT-STALKS of the flowers, alternate, fupporting one flower only, and four-corner’d. CALYX: an Involucrum compofed of two heart- fhaped leaves, flightly keel-ffiaped, veiny, and purpliffi, Jig. i. CALYX: a Perianthium, compofed of five leaves and tubular, the leaves of an ovate pointed ffiape and pale green colour, Jig, 2. COROLLA monopetalous, funnel-ffiaped, of a white colour, the limb broad, obfcurely divided, and turned back a little. STAMINA: five Filaments inferted into the bottom of the corolla, flightly hairy, white and taper- ing; the Anthers arrow-lhaped, white, and fitting on the filaments. Jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Ge rmen fomewhat ovate; Style tapering, twilled at top ; the Stigma bifid, fig- 4. 5- NECTARY: a yellow gland furrounding the bafe of the Germen. SEED-VESSEL: a roundiffi Capsule of a footy colour and pointed, Jig. 6, 7. SEEDS angular and brown, the Cotyledons folded up in a very Angular manner. Jig, 8, g. The plant which produces the Scammony is a fpecies of Convolvulus, vesy fimilar to that which we have now defcribed; hence Dr. Cullen, and fome other Phyficians, have conjeflured, that our Convolvulus might poflefs fimilar properties; but, if it fhould be found to contain fuch properties, the fmallnefs of its roots would pre- vent its juice from being collecled in the fame manner with that which flows on incifion from the large root of the Scammony plant, and which hardens and forms that purgative fubllance. Whether an extrafl made from the exprefled juice of the roots, or any other preparation of them, might poflefs a purgative property; or. if it fhould, whether fuch a purgative would be fo far fuperior to any now in general ufe as to introduce it defer- vedly into pradlice-; is what we cannot pretend to decide on. Hogs arc faid to eat, and even to be fond of the roots. It grows exceedingly common in our hedges, and flowers in Augull and September. Where it has once gained ground, it is with the greatell difficulty eradicated : was it not for this property, and its being fo com- mon, it would doubtlefs be confidered, as it really is, a very ornamental plant. My ingenious Friend Mr. Church, Surgeon, at I/lington, (who has taken much pains to collefl and acquire a knowledge of our Englilh Infeas) informs me, that the Caterpillar of the Phalcena Vi hie aria, or Bloody-Vein Moth (vid. Clerc, Phalam. PL 3. fig. 2.) feeds on this plant; and the Sphinx Convolvuli, or Unicorn Hawk-Moth, (vid. Roefiel, CL 1. pap. noct. t. y.) is well known to take its name from feeding on this plant alfo. (/7 /' / ■ • ( s>// / 'C?/i/;//f S/rJ r 77/ ////// . . /? / / (y1 / r /('wa///// , y u/cam/irti. Solanum Dulcamara. Woody Nightshade. SOLANUM Llnncei Gen. PL Pentandria Monogynia. RailSyn. Gen. 16. Herbie Baccifer.e. SOLANUM Dulcamara caule inermi frutefcente flexuofo, foliis fuperioribus haftatis, racemis cymofis. ' Lin. Sp. PL p. 264. SOLANUM Scandens feu Dulcamara, Bauhin Pin. p. 176. Amara Dulcis, Gerard emac. p. 0. Solanum lignofum, Parkinjbn p. 350. Rail Synopfis. p. 265. Hudfon Flor. Angl. p. 78. Scopoli Flor. Carniol. p. 161. Haller Hijt. Plant. Helv. p. 248. RADIX perennis. CAULIS fruticofus, fcandens, fifiulofus, ramofus, tuberculis parvis fubafper, leniter angulofus, orgyalis et ultra. RAMI alterni, juniores purpurei. FOLIA petiolata, mollia, venofa, in caulem fubde- currentia, inferiora ovata-lanceolata, inte- gerrima ; fiuperiora trilobo-haAata* FLORES in Cymas racemofas difpofiti; pedunculi florales ad bafin bulbofi, aut ex acetabulo quafi prodeuntes. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, parvum, quinquefidura, purpureum, Tegmentis obtu- fiufculis, perfiPtens, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, rotata: Tubus breviffimus; Limbus quinquepartitus, Laciniis lanceo- latis, purpureis, reflexis ; Faux nigra, nitida, ad bafin fingulae lacinise maculae duae, virides, fis- 2. 3- STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, breviffima, tubo Corollae inferta, nigro purpurea. Anthers quinque, flavae, ereftae, in tubum fubconicurn coalitae, apicibus biforaminofis, fig. 4, 5. PISTILLUM: Germen pyriforme : Stylus Tubu- latus, Staminibus paulo longior : Stigma fimplex, obtufum, fig. 6. PERICARPIUM: Bacca ovata, coccinea, glabra, bilocularis, receptaculo utrinque convexo, cui femina adnecluntur, fig. 8. SEMINA plurima lutefcentia, compreAa, fubrenifor- mia, pulpo odoris ingrati obtecfa, fig. 9. ROOT perennial. STALK woody, climbing, hollow, branched, thinly befet with fmall pointed tubercles, (lightly angular, and growing to the height of fix feet, or more. BRANCHES alternate, the younger ones purple. LEAVES Handing on foot-Aalks, of an oval-pointed (hape, foft, veiny, running (lightly down the (talk, the lower ones entire, the upper ones halbert-fhaped. FLOWERS growing in branched the proper peduncles of the (lowers bulbous at their ! bafe, or growing out of a kind of focket. ► | CALYX: aPerianthium of one leaf, fmall, and purple, divided into five fegments, the feg- ’ ments bluntifh, perfifting, fig. i. ► ' COROLLA monopetalous, wheel-fhaped : the Tube ► very (hort; the Limb divided into five feg- ments, the Segments lancet-fhaped, purple, > and turning back; the Mouth black and * fliining; at the bottom of each fegment are ► two roundilh green fpots, fig. 2, 3. 1 STAMINA : five Filaments, very (hort, of a black > purple colour, and inferred in the tube of \ the Corolla. Five Anthers, yellow, up- > right, and uniting into a tube, with two holes I at the top of each, out of which the Pollen ► is difcharged, fig. 4, 5. I PISTILLUM : the Germen pear-(haped : the Style [ tapering, a little longer than the Stamina : ► the Stigma fimple and obtufe, fig. 6. > J SEED-VESSEL : an oval, fcarlet, fmooth Berry, of > two cavities, the receptacle to which the feeds I is conne&ed, is round on both fides, fig. 8. > SEEDS feveral, fiat, fomewhat kidney-fiiaped, fig. 9, > of a yellowifli colour, enclofed in the pulp, I which has a difagreeable fmell, fig. 9. The Woody Nightfkade has been commended as a medicine for many diftempers by the old Botanifls, in their ufually laviih manner: but Parkinson fays, he found the juice of it prove a very churlifh purge. Linnaeus prefers an infufion of the ftalk of this plant to any of the foreign woods, as a cleanfer of the blood ; and recommends it in inflammatory fevers, obftrudlions, the itch, and rheumatifm : and to render the knowledge of plants as extenfively ufeful as polfible, he does not think it beneath him to remark, that the Swedijh Peafants make hoops of the ftalk of this plant to bind their wooden cans. Ray informs us, that the inhabitants of Weftphalia, who are fubjeft to the fcurvy, make ufe of a deco6iion of the whole plant as their common drink, with fuccefs againft that diftemper. Flo ye r fays, that thirty berries of this plant killed a dog in lefs than three hours, and remained undigefted in his ftomach. As thefe berries, from their refemblance, may happen by miftake to be eaten for currants by children, it may not be improper to remark, that in fuch a cafe, it is advifable to pour down inflantly, as much warm water as poflible, to dilute the poifonous juice, and provoke vomiting, till further afliftancc can be had. Goats and (heep are faid to feed on this plant: but our other cattle, viz. kine, horfes, and fwine, refufe it. It grows plentifully in moift hedges, and blows from July to Auguft. The berries are ripe in September and Oclober. It is fometimes found with a white flower. Pertclpmenum. «/ Lonicera Periclymenum. Honeyfuckle, or Woodbine. LONICERA Linncei Gen. PL Prntandria Monogynia, Raii Synopfis. Arbores et frutices fructu flori petaloidi contiguo* LONICERA capitulis ovatis imbricatis terminalibus, foliis omnibus diftinftis. hin, Spi PL 247* PERICLYMENUM FufchiL Icon. 646. PERICLYMENUM non perfoliatum Germanicum. Bauhin Pin. 302. CAPRIFOLIUM Germanicum. Dodon, Gerard emac. 891. Parkinfion. 146. Raii Syn* 458. Hudfion FI. 80. Haller Hijt. 301* Scopoli FI. Carniol. p. 153. CAULIS lignofus, volubilis, orgyalis et ultra; cortiee pallide fufco; Rami oppofiti, purpurei. FOLIA oppofita, ovata, glabra, fubtus caerulefcentia. FLORES terminales, verticillatim difpofiti, patentes, rubri, interne flavi, odoratiflimL CALYX: Perianthium fuperum,breviflimum,quin- quepartitum ; Tegmentis ovato-lanceolatis, e- reftis,duobus inferioribus i. BRACTEAE fubcordatae, fig. 8, germina imbricatim cingentes, ad marginem praecipue Tcabrae, ut funt calyx, et tubi bafis pilis glanduliferis. COROLLA monopetala, tubuloTa ; Tubus oblongus, fubinfundibuliformis ; Limbus bipartitus, la- ciniis revolutis, fuperiore quadrifida,fegmentis fere aequalibus,obtufls,inferiore integra,fig. 2. STAMINA: Fi lamenta quinque filiformia, corolla longiora, alba, tubo corolla inferta, fig. 3 : An t h e r m dum pollinem involvuntoblongae, incumbentes, poftea lunatae, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum, inferum,fig. 5. Stylus filiformis. Staminibus paulo longior, fig. 6: Stigma capitatum, fubrotundum, trifidum, 7. PERICARPIA: plures, fubrotundae, rubrae, umbilicatae,biloculares,omnes diflinftae,^.g. SEMINA plura, lutefcentia, hinc convexa, inde plana, fis-io- STALK woody, twining, growing to the height of fix feet or more, the bark a pale brown, the • Branches oppofite and purple. LEAVES oppofite, oval, fmooth, underneath of a bluilh colour. FLOWERS terminal, growing in a whirl, and fpread- ing, externally red, internally yellow, and fragrant. CALYX: a Peri anthium placed above the Germen, very fliort, divided into live fegments, which are of an oval pointed (hape, and upright, the two inferior ones molt remote from each other, fig. 1. FLORAL-LEAVES laying one over the other, and clofely embracing the Germina, reddifh at the edges, and covered, as well as the Calyx and bafe of the tube, with glandular hairs, fiS’ COROLLAmonopetalousand tubular,the Tube long, and fomewhat funnel-lhaped; the Limb bi- partite; the laciniae rolling back, the upper one divided into four blunt and nearly equal fegments, the lower one entire, Jig. 2. STAMINA: five white Filaments, of an equal thicknefs throughout, longer than the Corol- la, and inferred into its tube, Jig. 3; the - Anthers, while they contain the Pollen, oblong, afterwards femilunar, and of a yel- low colour. Jig. 4, PISTILLUM : the Germen roundifh, and placed below the Calyx,Jig. 5 : the Style filiform. a little longer than the Stamina, fig. 6 : the Stigma roundifli, trifid, and of a green colour, fig. 7. SEED-VESSELS: feveral roundifh red Berries * having the remains of the Calyx adhering to them, and all diftinft, fig. 9. SEEDS feveral, of a yellowifh brown colour, round on one fide, and flattiih on the other, fig. 10. The early writers attributed virtues to this officinal plant, which the latter have been inclined to give up. As a medicine we muff; not expe6l much from it: but the beauty, Angularity, and exquifite fragrance of its flowers, have long given it a place in our gardens. It is a climber, and turns from Ealt to Weft with moft of our other Englifh climbers, and in common with them, it bears clipping and pruning well: for in a ftate of nature, thofT plants that cannot afeend without twining round others, are often, liable to lofe large branches ; they have, therefore, a proportional vigour of growth to reftore accidental damages. This plant is fubjeft, when placed near buildings, to be disfigured and injured by fmall infe&s, called Aphides, or, vulgarly, blights : thefe animalculse were formerly fuppofed to be brought by the eaft wind, and confequently the mifehief was looked upon as inevitable ; but obfervation has of late years correfted that error : their * hiftory is well known ; but no effe&ual remedy againft them is as yet difeoyered. Thefe infects are not very numerous in fpring, but vas the fummer advances, they increafe in a furprifing degree :to preferve the plant therefore from injury, it is neceffary to watch their firft attacks, cut off and deftroy the branches they firft appear on ; for when they have once gained ground, they are defended by their numbers. We have feen fmall plants cleared of them, by Iprinkling Spanifh fnuff on the infeHed branches ; but for large trees, this remedy is fcarcely practicable. The leaves are likewife liable to be curled up by a fmall caterpillar (Phalcena Tortrix, Linncei.) which pro- duces a beautiful little moth : fee Albin s hiftory of Englilh InfeCts, pi. 73. It is fed on by kine, goats, and Iheep, but horfes refufe it. To fhew the cpnfufion of ancient names, it may not be improper to obferve, that this plant and Woodroffe, (Afiperula odorata), have been both called Matrifiylva by the old botanic writers. Our poets, alio, have ftrangely confounded the names of this plant. Shakespear fays. fig- 3* STAMINA: five Filaments, a little (horter than the Petals; the Anthers fird green, after- wards brown, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen oblongum, inferum, fub- compreflum, hirfutum. Styli duo breves, fig- 5■ PISTILLUM: the Germen oblong, placed beneath the Corolla, flattifh and rough, two Styles very diort, fig. 5. SEMINA duo, oblonga, e fufco-nigricantia, hinc ful- cato plana, inde convexa, rodrata, pilis rigi- dis hamatis undique afpera, fig. 6. SEEDS two, oblong, of a dark brown colour, on one fide fiat and grooved, on the other convex, running out to a point, and prickly with did hooked hairs, fig. 6. The great fimilarity in the external appearance of a great number of Umbelliferous plants, frequently hath the caufe of midakes, which have fometimes proved hurtful to the health of individuals. At the fame time that there is no clafs of plants which, at fird fight, appears to the young Botanid more difficult of invedigation than this, there is none perhaps which adords more condant, or more certain, marks of generic and (pecific diderence. Obvious didin&ions may be drawn from the Stalk and Leaves: in fome the dalk is fmooth, in others rough, and in others more or lefs deeply channelled; in fome the leaves are very finely divided, and in others but coarfely fo; but the parts of Fructification adord the mod pleafing and fcientific didinguifhing marks. The abfence or prefence of the general and partial Involucrum, the number, (hape, and fituation of its leaves, the number of the Radii which compofe the Umbell, the fize and equality of the Petals, and the very diderent appearances of the Seeds, all unite to render a knowledge of thefe plants eafily acquired. Some of the Umbelhferi are ufed in food, and others in medicine; the greated care will therefore be neceffary in the drawing and defcription of thefe; and in this no one feems to have fucceeded fo well as the celebrated Jacquin. In the fird and fecond volumes of his Flora Aujiriaca, lately publiffied, and which indeed are a mod valuable addition to the dock of botanic knowledge, a great number of thefe plants are figured and defcribed. This plant grows very common on dry banks and in hedges: flowers from the beginning to the end of May, and the feeds are ripe in June. When it becomes luxuriant, as it fometimes will from growing in a moifl fitu- ation, it puts on fomewhat the appearance of the common Hemlock, but may eafily be diflinguiffied from that poifonous plant, if attention be paid to the following particulars: the leaves of the Hemlock are perfe6fly fmooth; thefe have a flight hairinefs, are more finely divided, and of a paler green. Ihe dalk of the Hem- lock is (potted; this is not. The Hemlock has a general involucrum, which in this plant is wanting. The (eeds of the Hemlock are fmooth, and thefe are rough. The Hemlock has a drong difagreeable fmell; this not difagreeable, but more like Chervil, to which in its virtues it (hould feem neared allied. Q_y//fnr/e 7 Als ine Me d ia. Common Chickweed. ALSINE Linncti Gen. PL Pentandria Trigynia. Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala 5-aequalia. Caps. idocularis, 3-valvis* Rail Syn. Gen. 24. Herba: Pentapetal.e Vasculiferae. ALSINE media. Linncei Syfl. Vegetal?, p. 246. Flora Suede, p. 37. ALSINE foliis petiolatis, ovato lanceolatis, petalis bipartitis. Haller hijl. helv. n. 880. ALSINE media. Scopoli FI. Carniol. n. 376. ALSINE media. Bauhin Pin. p. 250. ALSINE media feu minor. Gerard emac. 611. .Razi £yn. 347. Common Chickweed. Hudfoii FI. Angl.p. 113. Oeder FI. Ban. 525, 438. RADIX annua, Abrofa, capillacea. CAULES plures, tenelli, teretes, fubrepentes, ramofi, viticulis geniculati, unifiariam hirfiuti, api- cibus fenAm incraffatis. FOLIA ovato-acuta, glabra, leviter ciliata ; inferiora petiolata, fuperiora feffilia, connata. PETIOLI ad baAn latiora, hirfuti. PEDUNCULI uniflori, axillares, hirfuti, pera&a flo- refeentia penduli, demum ereFti. CALYX: Perianthium pentaphyllum, foliolis lan- ceolatis, concavis, fubcarinatis, marginatis, hirfutis. Petalis longioribus, Jig. 1. COROLLA: Petala quinque, alba, nitida, ad bafin fere partita, Jig. 3, 4, 5. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, alba, inter Petala locata. Glandula ad bafin inftru&a; Anthe- rs fubrotundse, purpurafeentes, Jig. 5, 6. PISTILLUM: G ermen fubovatum ; Styli tres fili- formes ; Stigmata Amplicia, Jig. 7. PERICARPIUM : Capsula unilocularis, in valvulas fex dehifeentes, fig. 8. SEMINA 0610 ad quindecem, fubreniformia, afpera, e fufco-aurantiaca, pedicellis receptaculo connexa, Jig. g, 10, au6L ROOT annual, flbrous, capillary. SI ALKS numerous, tender, round, ftriking root here and there, branched, jointed and flringy, hairy ononeji leonly, growing thicker towards the top. LEAVES of a pointed oval fhape, fmooth, flightly hairy at the edges, the lowermoft {landing on foot-flalks, the uppermoft feffile, connate. FOOT-STALKS of the leaves broadefl at and hairy. FOOT-S FALKS of the flowers, each fuflaining one flower, proceeding from the bofoms of the leaves, hairy, when the flowering is over hanging down, Anally becoming upright. CALYX: aPe rianthium of Ave leaves, each of which is lanceolate, concave, flightly keel- fhaped at bottom, with a marginat the edge, hairy, and longer than the Petals, fig. 1. COROLLA conAfls of Ave white fhining Petals, di- vided nearly to the bafe, fir. 3, 4, 5. STAMINA: Ave white hilaments, placed betwixt the Petals, furnifhed at bottom with a little Gland; Anthers roundifh, of a purplifli colour, fig. 5, (3. PISTILLUM: Ge rmen fomewhat oval ; Styles three, Aliform ; Stigmata Ample, fig. 7. SEED-VESSEL a Capsule of one cavity, fplitting into Ax valves, fig. 8. SEEDS from eight to Afteen, fomewhat kidney-fhaped, of a brownifh orange colour, with a rough furface, connected to the receptacle by little foot-flalks, fig. o, 10, magnifled. Chick-weed being a plant which will grow in almoff any fituation, is confequently liable to affume many- different appearances: when it grows in a rich foil, and fhady fituation, it will frequently become fo large as to referable the Cerajliwn aquaticum ; while, at other times, on a dry barren wall, 'its leaves and ftalks will be fo minute, as to make the young botanifl take it for fome fpecies different from the common duckweed: happily, however, it affords marks which, if attended to, will readily diftinguifh it from the Cerajiium, and every other plant. Exclufive of its differing from the Cerajiium in its generic characler, its Petals are fhorter than the leaves of its Calyx ; while in the Cerajiium they are longer; hence a conliderable difference will be obfervable, at firft fight, in the fize of the flowers of thefe two plants: and, from all other plants related to it, it may be diftinguifhed by the Angular appearance of its flalk, which is alternately hairy on one Jide only. The rnoft common number of its Stamina with us is Ave; yet I have often feen it with lefs, and fometimes with more; and this inconftancy in the number of its Stamina has been noticed by moff botanic writers : Gouan, in his Flor. Monfpel. mentions from 3to 10, with as many Piftilla ; this circumflance with refpeft to the number of its Stamina, unfortunately feparates it from other plants with which it appears to have by nature a very near relation : but as Ave Stamina appear to be its mod conflant number, Linnaeus could not have placed it amongft thofe plants with ten Stamina, without doing violence to his fyflera. Of annual plants there are few more troublefome : it lows itfelf plentifully in the Summer, and remains green throughout the Winter, flowering during the whole time, if the weather be mild: but its chief feafon for flowering is in the Spring. In rich garden mould, where the ground is highly cultivated, and in the Aelds about town, it does a deal of mifehief: by the quicknefs of its growth and the great number of its fhoots, it covers and chokes many young plants ; hence it Ihould be carefully weeded from dunghills. The feeds are very beautiful, and have the greateft affinity to thofe of the Ceraflium aquaticum. When the flowers Arft open, the foot-flalks which fupport them are upright; as the flowers go off, they hang down ; and when the feeds become ripe, they again become ere6led. L 1 nn£us has obferved that the flowers open from nine in the morning till noon, unlefs rain falls on the fame day, in which cafe they do not open : from what little obfervations 1 have made on this plant, it is not fubjeff to be affefted precifely in the fame manner here, having feen in the month of March, the bloffoms continue rather widely expanded after repeated fhowers of rain. It is confide red as a wholefome food for Chickens and fmall Birds, whence, as Ray obferves, it has obtained its name : boiled, it refembles Spinach fo exactly, as fcarcely to be diftinguifhed from it, and is equally wholefome ; being a plant which may be procured alrnoft any where very early in the Spring, it may be no bad fubflitute where Spinach or other greens are not to be had in plenty, and much preferable to Nettle-tops and other plants, which the lower fort of people feek after in the Spring with fo much avidity. Swine are very fond of it, and prefer it to Turnip-tops. It is eaten by many Infers, particularly by the Caterpillar of the‘Phalaena Villica or Cream Spot Tyger Moth, and other hairy Caterpillars of the Tyger kind.^ As a medicine it contains no aCtive principle ; but is frequently applied to hot, painful, and inflammatory fwellings, either by itfelf, bruifed, or mixed with poultices, with good fuccefs. Erica Tetralix. Cross-Leaved Heath. ERICA Linncei Gen. PL Octandria Monogynia. Cal. 4-phyllus. Cor. q-fida. Filamenta receptaculo inferta. Anther ce bifidae. Caps. 4-loc alaris. Raii Syn. Arbores Et Frutices. ERICA tetralix foliis quaternis ciliatis, floribus capitatis imbricatis ERICA tetralix, antheris ariftatis, corollis ovatis, flylo inclufo, foliis quaternis ciliatis, floribus capitatis. Linn, Syft. Vegetab, p. 302. FI. Suecic. n. 337. ERICA ex rubro nigricans fcoparia. Bauhin. Pin. 486. ERICA Brabantica folio Coridis hirfuto quaterno, 1. B. 1. 358. ERICA pumila Belgarum Lobelio, fcoparia noflras. Parkinfon. 1482. ERICA major flore purpureo. Gerard emac. 1382. Raii Syn. p. 471. Low Dutch Heath or Befome Heath. Hudfon FI. Angl. p. 144. Oeder FI. Dan. icon. 81. CAULES fruticofi, dodrantales aut pedales, ramofi, fufei, feabriufeuli ex relidamentis foliorum. FOLIA quaterna, ovato-linearia, patentia, prope flores cauli adpreffa, marginibus inflexis, ci- liatis, ciliis glandula terminatis, fuperficie fuperiore plana, inferiore concava. FLORES fecundi, imbricati, in capitulum congefti, carnei. CALYX ; Perianthium hexaphyllum, foliolis hir- futis, duo inferiora ovato-lanceolata, caetera linearia, fig. 2. COROLLA ovata, monopetala, ore quadrifido, la- ciniis reflexis, Jig, 3. STAMINA: Filamenta odo, fubulata, alba, co- rolla breviora, receptaculo inferta; An- thers fagittatae, conniventes, purpureae, biforaminofae, bicornes, Jig. 4, 5, 6. PISTILLUM *. Germen cylindraceurn, fubfulcatum, villofum, glandula ad bafm cindum, Jig. 7, 8. Stylus filiformis, purpurafeens, Jig. 9. Sti gma, obtufum, jig. 10. FERICARPIUM: Capsula fubrotunda, villofa, apice truncata, quadrivalvis, jig. 11, 12. SEMINA plurima, minuta, flavefcentia, Jig. 13, 14. STALKS fhrubby, about nine or twelve inches high, branched, roughifh from the remains of the leaves which have fallen off. LEAVES growing by fours, of an oval-linear fhape, fpreading, near the flowers preffed clofe to the ftalk, the edges turned in and ciliated or hairy, each of the hairs terminating in a fmall round globule, the upper furface flat, the inferior furface concave. FLOWERS hanging down one over another all one way, forming a little head, of a pale red colour. CALYX : a Perianteium of fix leaves, the leaves hairy, the two lowTermoft of an oval-pointed fhape, the reft linear. Jig. 2. COROLLA oval, monopetalous, the mouth divided into four fegraents, which turn back. Jig. 3. STAMINA: eight Filaments, tapering, white, fhorter than the Corolla, inferted into the re- ceptacle ; Antherm arrow-fhaped, doling together, purple, having two apertures for the difeharge of the Pollen, and two little ; horns. Jig. 4, 5, 6, ' PISTILLUM: G ermen cylindrical, (lightly grooved, ‘ villous, furrounded at bottom by a gland, k fig;. 7, 8. Style filiform, purplilh, fir. q. ; Stigma blunt, Jig. 10. ► J SEED-VESSEL : a roundilh Capsule covered with [ a kind of down, cut off as it were at top, ► having four valves, Jig. 11, 12. h . SEEDS numerous, minute, andyellowilh. Jig. 13, 14, This fpecies of Heath, though not applicable to fuch a variety of ufes as fome of the others, is not inferior to any of them in the beauty and delicacy of its flowers, which in general are of a pale red colour, but fome- times they occur entirely white. It is obvioufly enough diftinguifhed from the reft, not only by its flowers growing in a kind of pendulous duffer on the tops of the ftalks, but by its leaves alfo, which growing by fours on the ftalk, form a kind of crofs ; thefe are edged with little ftiff hairs, each of which has a fmall globule at its extremity. At the latter-end of the Summer, it contributes its fhare with the others to decorate and enliven thofe large trads of barren land which too often meet the eye in many parts of this kingdom. It delights to grow in a moifter fituation than fome of the others, and will thrive well enough in gardens, if taken up either in Spring or Autumn with a quantity of earth about its roots: this is neceffary, as the Heaths in general bear tranfplanting ill. (fhnav /t’/rn/.r. ' Polygonum Bistorta. The Greater Bistort, or Snake-Weed. POLYGONUM Linncei Gen. PL Octandria trigvnia. Raii Synopfis, Genus 5. Herbie flore imperfecto seu stamineo (veL APETALO POTIUS). POLYGONUM jBifiorta caule fimplicifiimo, monoflachyo, foliis ovatis in petiolum decurrentibus. Linncei Syji. Vegetab. p. 311 * POLYGONUM radice lignofa contorta, fpica ovata, foliorum petiolis alatis. Haller Hiji. v. 2. 258. COLUBRINA feu Serpentaria foemina. Fufchii icon. 774. SERPENTARIA mas live Bifiorta. Fufchii icon. 773. BISTORTA major radice minus intorta* Bauhin. Pin. 192. BISTORTA major radice magis intorta. Bauhin. Pin. 192. BISTORTA major. Gerard. Emac. 399. major vulgaris Parkinfon 391. Raii Synopfs 147. Hudfon. FI. Angi. 146. Flor. Ban. Ic. 421. RADIX perennis, craflitie digiti, plus minufve in- torta, externe caftanea, interne carnea, fibris et ftolonibus plurimis inftru6la. GAULIS pedalis aut bipedalis, fimplex, fubere6lus, folidus, articulatus, (geniculi tumidi) teres, laevis. STIPULAE, vaginantes, apice membranaceae, mar~ cefcentes, ore obliquo. FOLIA inferiora cordato-lanceolata, undulata, fub- tus caerulefcentia, glabra, in petiolos de- currentia, fuperiora amplexicaulia in ftipulas delinentia. FLORES fpicati, fpica oblongo-ovata, denfa. BRACTEAE membranaceae, marcefcentes, biflores, bivalves, valvula inferiore tricufpidata, cuf- pide medio longiore quafi ariftata, flores pedicellati, pedicellis calyce longioribus. CALYX, five COROLLA, fubovata, quinquepar- tita, carnea, laciniis ovatis, obtufis, concavis, M- i. 3- STAMINA : Filamenta 06I0, fubulata, alba, co- rolla longiora ; Anther je. biloculares, pur- puxafcentes, incumbentes, fig. 2. PISTILLUM: Germen triquetrum, fanguineum, Styli tres longitudine flaminum; Stig- mata parva, 5, 6, 7. NECTARIUM: glandulae rubrae in fundo calycis, fig: 4- SEMEN triquetrum, fufeum, mucronatum, nitens, vernice quafi obdu6lum, fig. 8. ROOT perennial, the thicknefs of one’s finger, more or lefs crooked, externally of a chefnut, in- ternally of a flefii colour, furnilhed with numerous fibres and creepers. STALK from one to two feet high, Jimple, nearly upright, folid, jointed (the joints (welled), round, and fmooth. STIPULAE enclofing the ftalk as in a (heath, at top membranous, withered, the mouth oblique. LEAVES: the bottom leaves fomewhat heart-fhaped and pointed; waved at the edges, fmooth, underneath blueifh and continued down the footftalks, the upper leaves embracing the ftalk, and terminating in the ftipulae. FLOWERS growing thickly in a fpike, the fpike of an oblong oval (hape. FLORAL LEAVES membranous, and withered, containing two flowers and having two valves, the lower valve three-pointed, the middle point running out into a kind of arifta or beard, the flowers growing on footftalks which are longer than the Calyx. CALYX, or COROLLA, of an oval fhape, and flefii- coloured, divided into five fegments, which are oval, obtufe, and concave, fig. i, 3. STAMINA: eightFiLAMENTS, tapering, white, and longer than the Calyx; the Anthers bi- locular, purplifii, and laying acrofs the fila- ments, fig. 2. PISTILLUM : the Germen three-fquare, of a deep red colour, three Styles the length of the Stamina; the Stigmata fmall and round, .fig- 5> 6’ 7- NECTARIUM: feveral fmall red glands in the bot- tom of the Calyx, fig. 4. SEED: triangular, brown, pointed, and fhining as if varnifhed, fig. 8. When a plant, not intended to be cultivated, in any refpeft prevents the growth of one which is the ohjeft of cultivation, fuch a plant, however beautiful, may, with propriety, be called a weed ; nor will the elegance or utility of the Biflort fecure it, in the eflimation of the farmer, from that appellation. This plant generally grows in moift meadows, and flowers in May and June; when it has once taken root, it propagates very faff, and frequently will form large patches, to the exclufion of a confiderable portion of the grafs ; nor is it deflroyed but with the greatefl difficulty. Happily our farmers about town are pretty much ffrangers to this plant, as it is met with but rarely. It grows plentifully in a meadow by the fide of Bifiufi's-Wood near Hampfiead; and my obliging friend Dr. Allen informs me he has found it about Batterfea. As an aflringent medicine, the Biflort appears to pofiefs confiderable virtue, and as fuch may with pro- priety be made ufe of in all cafes where afiringents are required ; but more particularly in long-continued evacuations from the bowels, and other difcharges both ferous and fanguineous. It is recommended alfo to fallen teeth which are loofe, and may be ufed either in powder, infufion, or extra6l. If it could be procured in fufficient quantity to make it anfwer, it might wTell be applied to the purpofe of tanning leather. In fome parts of England the leaves are eat as a pot-herb. t./h' (,/\■, , , > _ '< •///(/(>/////// / >(-i/(’n/' O'P /" ■ . .^tu-Wf’-a/ucYWip to / {jfmjyliwnfmm vanande mandato. ad ('■ Polygonum Pensylvanicum. var. caule maculato, Spotted-Stalk’d Persicaria. PEPv.SICx\RIA latifolia geniculata, caulibus maculatis. D. Rand. Raii Syn. p. 145. PERSICARIA maculofa procumbens foliis fubtus incanis. Raii Syn. p. 146, eadem eft planta folo autem minus laeto proveniens. Such then is the difference, which, from repeated examinations, I have been able to difcover betwixt the Polygonum Perjicaria and the Penfylvanicum in its mod common hate ; in this (late however it does not always occur, but is fubjecl to more Varieties than any of our other Perflcarias: without any defire of multiplying them, I make the following, having found them all about London : 1 Polygonum Pen/ylvanicum. var. caule et floribus rubris. 2 caule maculato. 3 foliis flubtus incanis. The firft of thefe varieties is very often found with the true fpecies on dunghills, as alfo in corn-fields, and is like it in every refpe6l excepting its colour, the ftalks and flowers being red, but not fo beautifully bright as thofe of the Polygonum Perjicaria. The fecond variety here figured, which indeed comes near to a diftinfl fpecies, grows much in the fame fituations, and oftentimes with the Polygonum Perjicaria in the ditches about St. George s-Fields, particularly in a large ditch on the right-hand fide of the road between the end of Blackman-Street and Newington, where it is very common in the month of September. It not only differs from the other in having its (talk fpotted with red, a charafter which it keeps very conflantly, but its fpikes are much flenderer, rather more fo even than thofe of the Perjicaria, of a red colour, but not quite fo bright as thofe of that plant: the under fide of the foot-ftalk of the leaves is remarkably rough ; the little glands on the foot-ftalks of the flowers, and the parts of the fructification are fimilar to thofe of the true fpecies, but the feeds are fmaller : when this variety grows in the rich foil above mentioned, it is full as large as the Penfylvanicum itfelf; but when it grows in a different foil and fituation, as on the watery parts of Blackheath and Peckham-Rye, it becomes much fmaller, generally has its leaves white underneath, and will certainly be taken for the Polygonum Perjicaria, if not attentively examined: its fpotted ftalk, and the roughnefs of the foot-ftalks of the leaves, will, however, readily difcover it. The third variety, with leaves hoary on the under fide, is found here and there in corn-fields and other places, where the foil is not very rich, and is obvioufly enough diftinguilhed. Befides thefe ftriking varieties, it is fubjeft, like all other plants, to vary in fize according to the richnefs or poverty of the ground on which it grows, and like the Polygonum Perjicaria, its leaves are fometimes fpotted and fometimes not. This deferiptive account, will, perhaps, appear tedious and uninterefting to fome ; if, however, by thefe practical obfervations, the obfeurity which has hitherto dwelt on this difficult Genus, (hall in fome degree be removed, and the road of inveftigation made eafier to the young Botanift, I (hall think my time ufefully employed; I would not, however, wilh him to take upon truft what is here advanced, but to examine each plant and its feveral parts for himfelf; thus he will become improved, and be able, perhaps, to throw a ftill greater light on the fubjeft. The Sparrow and other fmall birds are very fond of the feeds of this fpecies and its varieties : but the Farmer (hould carefully weed them from his dunghills. Polygonum Plydropiper. Biting Persicaria, or Water Pepper. POLYGONUM. Linn, Gen. PI. Octandria Trigynia Cal. o. Cor. 5-partita, calycina. Sem. i. angulatum RailSyn. Gen. Herba: flore imperfecto seu stamineo vel apetalo potius. POLYGONUM Hydropiper floribus hexandris femidigynis ; foliis lanceolatis, undulatis, immaculatis ; fpicis filiformibus nutantibus. POLYGONUM Hydropiper floribus hexandris femidigynis, foliis lanceolatis, ftipulis fubmuticis. Lihn. Syfi. Veget ab. p. 312. POLYGONUM foliis ovato lanceolatis, fpicis florigeris* vaginis calvis. Haller Hifi. p. 256. n. 1554. POLYGONUM Hydropiper. Scopoli FI. Carniol. n. 467. PERSICARIA urens feu Hydropiper. Bauh. Pin. 101. PERSICARIA vulgaris acris feu minor. Parkinfon 856. HYDROPIPER. Gerard emac. 445. Raii Syn. p. 144. Water-pepper, Lakeweed or Arfmart. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 148. RADIX annua, fibrofa. CAULIS ere6tus, ramofus, bafi nonnunquam repens, pedalis ad tripedalem, geniculis incralfatis, demum ruberrimus. FOLIA lanceolata, undulata, e viridi flavefcentia, glabra. STIPULAE ciliatae. FLORES fpicati, fipicce tenues, demum nutantes. CALYX: Pe r1A nth 1 u M quadripartitum, glandulis mi- nimis adfiperfium, laciniis obtufis, concavis, fig. 1, 2, 3. COROLLA nulla. STAMINA: Filamenta fex alba; Anthers albae, biloculares, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum; Stylus bifidus, ad medium ufque divifus; Stigmata duo, ro- tunda, fg. 4,5. SEMEN ovato-acuminatum, cafianeum, fig. 6. ROOT annual and fibrous. STALK upright, branched, fometimes creeping at bottom, from one to three feet high, the joints fwelled, finally becoming very red. LEAVES lanceolate, waved, of a yellowifh green colour and frnootlu STIPULE ciliated. FLOWERS growing in fpikes, which are Jlender, and finally drooping. CALYX: a Perianthium divided into four fegments, fiprinkled with very minute glands, the fegments blunt and hollow, fig. i, 2, 3. COROLLA wanting. STAMINA fix white Filaments ; Anthers white, and bilocular, fig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen ova.te; Style bifid, divided . down to the middle; two round Stigmata, fig- 4> 5- SEEDS of an ovate pointed fhape, and chefnut colour, fig-6. It is one of the maxims laid down by the author of that fyftem of Botany which at prefent is fo defervedly held in efteem, and which I trull for the fake of this delightful fcience, will for ever withfland the attempts of all thofe who frame fyftems merely to raife themfelves into confequence, that in all fpecific deferiptions, tafte is to be excluded : fome may perhaps be ready to treat this as too dogmatical, but when they come to find that both the Hydropiper and Sedum acre, plants which in general are very hot and biting, fometimes are found infipid, they will readily adopt it. as founded in HriCl propriety. The prefent fpecies of Polygonum very properly receives its name of Hydropiper from its hot and biting tafle, which appears to arife from its eflential oil difperfed in little cells or glands all over the plant, but more partfi cularly obfervable on the Calyx with a fmall magnifier, and which, if tailed, will be found to be more biting than any other part of the plant: this quality which is peculiar to the Hydropiper, generally leaves a ftrong idea of the plant on the mind of the Tyro; but it has other more invariable characters whereby it may be diftinguifhed. Notwithftanding its obvious difference from the other plants of this genus, apparent even to fuch as know very little of Botany, both Scopoli and Haller feem to entertain doubts whether it be really diitinet from the P. Perficaria and P. minus. The three plants as they 11 Hi ally grow, and I have feen them all three grow together, are certainly diftinCl enough; but there are feme intermediate varieties which bring them very near together, and perhaps juftify fuch lufpicions: a variety of the Hydropiper, fcarce differing in any other refpeCl but its infipidity, I have now and then met with in the fame fituation as we ufually find the true fpecies : from the P. Perficaria it differs principally in its leaves, fpikes, form, and fize of its feeds; its leaves are of a yellower hue, more undulated, and never marked with any fpots; its fpikes are (lender, and when the feeds are ripe they bend and hang down ; the feeds are much larger, more acuminated, and of a chefnut colour; its ffipulae are very evidently ciliated; though Haller makes their want of ciiise one of its linking characters; and Linnaeus alfo calls them fubmuticce, which certainly tends to millead. It is the only Perficaria that has any pretenfions to be an aClive medicine: given in infufion or decoClion it proves diuretic, hence it is made ufe of in the dropfy and jaundice; and the dillilled water of it is recommended by Boyle as efficacious in the Itone and gravel: Linn/eus informs us, that the plant will dye woollen cloth of a yellow colour. Although the herb is fo acrid, the feeds are infipid and nutritive. It is found in great abundance in all thofe places which lie under water during the winter, flowers in September, generally a month later than the P, Perficaria : in expofed places it becomes very red in going off. i/o /,ypO/t ///// Ifydrofriper. r rtruw/are. Polygonum Aviculare. Birds Polygonum, or Knot-Grass. POLYGONUM tinned Gen. PI. Octandria Trigynia. Cal. o. Cor. 5-partita, Calycina. Sem. 1. angulatum. Raii Syn. Gen. 5. Herb.® flore imperfecto seu stamineo, (vel apetala POTIUS.) POLYGONUM aviculare floribus odandris trigynis axillaribus, foliis lanceolatis, caule procumbente herbaceo. Linn. Syjt. Vegetab. p. 312. Sp. Pl. 519. FI. Suecic. n. 339. POLYGONUM procumbens, foliis linearibus, acutis, floribus folitariis. Haller hiji. n. 1560 POLYGONUM aviculare. Scopoli FI. Carniol. n. 471. POLYGONUM mas vulgare. Gerard emac. 451. POLYGONUM mas vulgare majus. Parkinfon 443. POLYGONUM feu Centinodia. I. Bauhin 3. 374. Raii Syn. p. 146. Hudfon Fl. AngL p. 149. RADIX annua, (implex, lignofa, multis fibris donata, terram firmiter apprehendens ut extirpatu diffi- cilis fit, fapore adftringente. CAULES plures, plerumque procumbentes, interdum vero fuberefti, dodrantales, ramofi, tenues, ftriati, laeves, teretes, geniculati, ad geniculos paululum incraffati. FOLIA quam maxime variantia, ovata, lanceolata aut etiam linearia, alterna, laevia, e vaginis fiipu- larum prodeuntia. STIPULAE vaginantes, membranaceae, albidae, nitidae, apice fibrofae. FLORES axillares, e vaginis ftipularum cum foliis prodeuntia. CALYX: Perianthium quinquepartitum, laciniis ovatis, concavis, patentibus, dimidio inferiore viridi, fuperiore albo, faepe colorato, 1,2. COROLLA nulla. STAMINA: Filamenta 06I0, corolla breviora; An- thers 2, au6l. PISTILLUM: G ermen triquetrum; Stylus longi- tudine fiaminum, trifidus ; Stigmata tria, rotunda, 3. au6t. SEMEN triquetrum, nigricans, intra calycem, Jig, 4. ROOT annual, (imple , woody, furnifhed with many fibres, taking ftrong hold of the earth, fo as to be with difficulty pulled up, and of an aftrin- gent tafte. STALKS feveral, generally procumbent, fometimes nearly upright, about nine inches in length, branched, {lender, (mated, fmooth, round, jointed, the joints a little fwelled. LEAVES varying exceedingly, oval, lanceolate, or fometimes even linear, alternate, fmooth, proceeding from the {heaths of the Stipulae. STIPULAE forming a (heath round the joints, mem- branous, white, finning, at top fibrous. FLOWERS axillary, proceeding with the leaves from the (heaths of the Stipulae. CALYX : a Perianthium divided into five fegments, the laciniae oval, concave, and fpreading, the lower half green, the upper half white and often i, 2. COROLLA wanting. STAMINA : eight Filaments (horter than the Corolla, Anthers yellow. Jig. 2. magnified. PISTILLUM: Germen triangular; Style the length of the Stamina, trifid; Stigmata three, round. Jig. 3, magnified. SEED triangular, of a blackifh colour, contained with- in the Calyx, Jig. 4. Thofe plants which have been obferved to be eaten by cattle, have often obtained the name of Grafs, although they have not poffeffed the leafl fimilitude to thofe which are real Grades, and the prefent plant is one of thefe. Cattle in general are fond of it, and hogs in particular eat it with great avidity. The feeds afford fuflenance to many of the fraall birds, whence it has acquired the name of aviculare. The Caterpillar of the *Phalaena rumicis (with us the Knot-grafs Moth) I have frequently found feeding on its leaves, although it is by no means confined to this plant: in Sweden} Linn.eus informs us it feeds on the Dock (Rumex) and Sow-thifle. This fpecies of Polygonum may be confidered as one of our moll common plants ; it delights to grow in a Tandy or gravelly foil, on banks, and by the fides of roads and paths, being of quick growth, and fpreading a great deal of ground ; it often covers whole fields, that, by turning in of cattle, have had their natural coat of grafs deflroyed. Where a plant of this fpecies happens to grow fingly in a rich foil, it will often cover the fpace of a yard or more in diameter, and the leaves become broad, and large ; but when it grows very thick together, by the fides of paths, it is in every refpeft fmaller, and the ftalks are more upright. It is fubjeft, like mofi other plants, to feveral varieties, and of thefe are the Polygonum brevi angufoque folio, and the Polygonum oblongo angufoque folio of C. Bauhine. It has been confidered by ancient writers, as polfelfing fome medical virtue, particularly as an Aftringent, and is by them recommended in Diarrhoeas, Dyfenteries, Bleeding at the nofe, and other Hemorrhages ; but in the prefent pradice, its ufe feems juftly fuperfeded by more efficacious medicines. * Vid. Linn. Faun, Suecic. p. 318. n. 1200 Roejel. cl 2. Pap. Nod. t, 27. Albin Injed. pl. 22. 6/Y ~J n( //(//>//// /// //// ////.). Polygonum Minus.- Small Creeping Narrow- Leaved Persicaria. POLYGONUM. Linn, Gen. PI. Octandria Trigynia. Cal. o. Cor. 5-partita, calycina. Sem. 1, angulatum. Raii Syn. Gen. 5. Flerba: flore imperfecto seu stamineo vel apetalo potius. POLYGONUM minus floribus hexandris, fubmonogynis, foliis lineari-lanceolatis, caule bafl repente. POLYGONUM minus floribus hexandris digynis, foliis lanceolatis, ftipulis ciliatis, caule divaricato patulo. Hudfon FI. Angi p. 148. POLYGONUM foliis ovato-lanceolatis, glabris, fpicis ftrigofis, vaginis ciliatis. Haller Hi ft. p. 257, 1555- PERSICARIA minor. Bduhin Pin. 1014? anguftifolia. Bauhin Pin. 101. 3? PERSICARIA pufilla repens. Ger. cmac. 446. Parkinfon 857. Raii Syn. 145. 2. Small Creeping Arfmart. PERSICARIA angufiifolia ex fingulis geniculis florens. Mer. Pin. go? Raii Syn. 14/r. q. Narrow- leaved Lakeweed. RADIX annua, fibrofa. CAULES plures, dodrantales, aut pedales, bafi repentes, demum fubereCli, geniculati (geniculis paulu- lum incraffatis) laeves, rubicundi. FOLIA lineari-lanceolata, pene avenia, fuperne glabra. STIPULA vaginantes, ciliatae. SPIClE tenues, parum nutantes, e fingulis geniculis prodeuntes. CALYX: Perianthium quinquepartitum, perfiffens, coloratum, laciniis obtufis, concavis, 1. COROLLA nulla. STAMINA: Filamenta fex; Anthers biloculares, albae, intra Corollam. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum aut triangulare; Stylus filiformis, apice bifidus aut trifidus; Stigmata duo aut tria, rotunda, reflexa, fig■ 2, 3- SEMEN aut ovato-acutum aut triangulare, cafianeum, magnitudinis fere et formae feminis Polygoni Per fi cariae, fig. 4, 5. N. B. Omnes partes fruCtificationis lente augentur. ROOT annual and fibrous. STALKS feveral, about nine inches or a foot high, creeping at bottom, then becoming nearly up- right, jointed (the joints fornewhat thickened) fmooth, of a reddifh colour. LEAVES brtwixt linear and lanceolate, fcarcely any ap- pearance ofveins, on their upper furface fmooth. STIPULAL forming fheaths round the joints, and ciliated. SPIKES flender and a little drooping, proceeding from each joint of the flalk. CALYX : a Perianthium divided into five fegments, obtufe and hollow, Jig. i. COROLLA wanting. STAMINA: fix Filaments; Anthers bilocular, and white, within the Corolla. PISTILLUM: Germen ovate or triangular; Style filiform, at top-bifid or trifid; Stigmata two or three, round and turned back. Jig, 2, 3. SEEDS ovate or triangular, pointed, of a chefnut co- lour, nearly of the fame fize and fhape as the Polygonum Perficaria, Jig. 4, 5. N. B. All the parts of the fructification are magnified. If the opportunity of feeing this plant growing wild had ever occurred to the celebrated Swedifti Botanift, he would doubtlefs have confidered it as a diftinCl fpecies ; at prefent he has placed it in the laft edition of his works, the Syjtema Vegetabilium, as a variety of the Polygonum Perjicaria, probably milled by dried fpecimens of the plant: thofe who truft to fuch are exceeding liable to deceive both themfelves and others, particularly in plants whofe parts of fruftification (from which it is fometimes necefl'ary to draw fpecific differences) are very minute—thofe in the living plants are with difficulty enough diftinguiffied, and in dried fpecimens not to be invefti gated. O Whoever has obferved the appearance which the Polygonum minus and Perjicaria ufually put on, muft have been ftruck with the great diftimilarity of the two in their general habits; and if they have taken the pains to examine the parts of fru&ification, they will, I am perfuadedi be convinced that both Mr. Ray and Mr. Hudson are juftifiable in making them diftinCl fpecies^ It differs from the Polygonum Perficaria in its fize, growth of its ftalk, fhape of its leaves, form of its fpikes, and divifion of its Piftillum. In height it feldom exceeds a foot, whereas the Perficaria often occurs a yard high; the ftalk of this fpecies creeps at bottom, in the Perfcaria it never does : it is true, in the Perfcuria, and mod of the Polygonums, a number of little roots pufh themfelves out at the joints, which are next the ground; but in this fpecies the ftalk at bottom is abfolutely procumbent, whilft in the Perfcaria it is always upright: the leaves are much narrower, approaching rather to linear than lanceolate, and on their upper furface have much lefs appearance of veins than in the Perfcaria ; the fpikes, inftead of being oval or nearly round, and upright, asm the Perfcaria, are {lender and a little drooping : the Piftillum, which is a part of very great confequence in determining many of the fpecies and varieties of this genus, is {lightly divided at top only; while that of the Perfcaria is divided half way down ; hence, as I have called that Ijpecies femidigynous, I have called this Jubmonogynous. Hitherto I have met with this plant growing wild no where but in Tothill-Fields, Wefminfer, where it makes ample amends for its fcarcity elfewhere, being found in the greateft abundance in the watery parts of thofe fields, along with the Sifymbrium Jylvefre, in the month of September, when it is in full bloom. At prefent it does not appear that it has any thing more than its fcarcity to recommend it to our notice, Butomus Umbellatus. Flowering Rufh, or Water Gladiole. BUTOMUS LinnceiGen.Pl. Enneandria Hexagynia Raii Syn. Gen. 17. Herbie multisiliquaE seu corniculatae. BUTOMUS umbellatus. Linn. Spec. Plant. p. 532 JUNCUS floridus major, Bauhin Pin. p. 12. GLADIOLUS paluftris Cordi. Gerard emac. p. 29. Raii Syn. ed. 3. p, 273. Hudfion FI. Angl. p. 152. Scopoli Flor. Cam. ed. 2. p. 283. Haller Llifl. PL Helv. vol. 2. p. 81. RADIX perennis, alba, tuberculofa, tranfverfa, edu- lis? ex inferiore parte radiculas praelongas dimittens. ROOT perennial, white, knobby, tranfverfe, eatable ? from its under fide fending down a great number of very long fibres. SCAPUS pedalis ad orgyalem, teres, glaber. STALK round, fmooth, from one to five or fix feet high, according to its place of growth. FOLIA triquetra, fpongiofa, 1, fcapo breviora, ad battnfpathacea,apicibus comprettis,tortuotts. LEAVES triangular, fpongy, fig. 1, in *: than the flalk, at bottom {heathy, at top flat, and twitted. FLORES in Umbella, ad triginta ; pedunculi digi- tales, e vaginis membranaceis prodeuntes. FLOWERS numerous, to thirty, each on a fingle peduncle of about a fingers length, forming an Umbell, furrounded at bottom by wither- ed membranous (heaths. CALYX : Involucrum triphyllum, foliolis lanceo- latis, marcefcentibus. CALYX: an Involucrum of three leaves, fpear- fhaped, and withered. COROLLA: Petala fex, inaequalia, fubrotunda, concava, rofea, fig. 2, alternis minoribus, acutioribus, fig, 3. COROLLA: compofed of fix Petals, which are roundifh, concave, and moft commonly of a bright red,fig. 2 : the three exterior fmaller, and more pointed, fig, 3. STAMINA : Filamenta novem, fubulata, fig. 4, 5. Anthers infidentes, dum pollinem invol- vunt oblongae, rubrae, quadriful catae, mucrone brevi terminataz,fig. 6, 7, emiffo polline fub- cordatae, compreffae, bilamellofae, fig. 4: Pollen flaviffimum. STAMINA: nine Filaments, tapering,fig. 4, 5. Anthers fitting on the filaments, before the fhedding of the Pollen, oblong, reddifh, having four grooves, and terminated by a (hort point, fig. 6, 7, appearing afterwards fomewhat heart-fhaped, flat, and as if com- pofed of two lamellae, fig. 4 : the Pollen is of a bright yellow colour. PISTILLUM : Germen fubtriangulare, latere exte- riore latiore, convexo, fig. 9, 10: Styli fex 8 ; Stigma canaliculatum, PISTILLUM: the Germen nearly triangular, the ’ outer fide broad and roundilh, Jig. 9, 10: fix ► Styles, tapering : the Stigma has a fmall [ channel in it, which afterwards fpreads into ► two lips, fig. 11, 12. PERICARPIUM: Ca psulah fex, oblongae, attenuatae ereftae, univalves, apice bilabiatae, introrfurr dehifcentes, fig. 11, 12. SEMINA plurima, minuta, oblonga, fufca, fig. 13 > SEED-VESSEL: fix Capsules, oblong, tapering, upright, of one valve, opening inwards, > fig• n5 12. > I SEEDS numerous, fmall, oblong, brown, fig. 13. We find this (lately plant, in and by the fides of our watery ditches, flowering from July to September. A few years fince, it was found growing in St. George’s Fields ; but the improvements making in that, and other parts adjacent to London, now oblige us to go further in fearch of this, and many other curious plants. About the IJla,nd of' St. Helena, near Deptford, and in the Marfhes by Blackwall, it is found in great abundance, although very fcarce in many other parts of Great-Britain. Fifli ponds, or other pieces of water, would derive great beauty from the introduUion of this elegant native of our Ifle; the handfome appearance of which, did not efcape our countryman, old Gerard, who defcribes it thus: ee The Water Gladiole, or sc Graffy Rufh, of ail others, is the faireft and mofl pleafant to behold, and ferveth very well for the decking te and trimming up of houfes, becaufe of the beautie and braverie thereof.’' That accurate obferver Ray, defcribes its nine Stamina, although in his time, they were not viewed in that confequential light which they are in our prefent Syflems of Botany. It is the only plant of the clafs Enneandria, which grows wild in this kingdom. If vegetables were clafl'ed according to their natural affinities, this would rank among the Lilies, Cattle do not eat it. It is fo hardy as to bear the cold of Lapland. y/r/M: 07/ ///, fru/rruarU't. Saxifraga Granulata. White Saxifrage. SAXIFRAGA. Linn. Gen. PI. Decandria Digynia. Calyx quinquepartitus. Corolla pentapetala. Capfiula biroftris, unilo- cularis, polyfperma. RaiiSyn. Herbie pentapetala vasculiferA. SAXIFRAGA granulata foliis caulinis reniformibus lobatis, caule ramofo, radice granulata. Linn. Syjl. P' 344* Fi* Suec. n. 372. SAXIFRAGA foliis radicalibus reniformibus, obtufe dentatis, caulinis palmatis. Haller Hi ft, Helv. n. 976. SAXIFRAGA rotundifolia alba. Bauh. Pin. 309. SAXIFRAGA alba. Ger. emac, 841. SAXIFRAGA alba vulgaris. Farh?ifon 424. Rati Syn. 354. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 159» Oeder Flor, Dan. 3x4. RADIX. Fibris hujus radicis glomeratim adnafcuntur plurimi bulbilli, extus rubefcentes aut flave- fcentes, intus albidi, faporis primum adllrin- gentis, pollea amari et ingrati. ROOT. To the fibres of the root of this plant adhere in clufters a number of fmall bulbs, externally red or yellowilh, internally white, of a tafte at firft aftringent, afterwards bitter and difa- greeable. CAULIS plerumque fimplex, pedalis, fubramofus, teres, hirfutuS, prefertim ad bafin, parum foliofus. STALK generally fimple, about a foot high, a little branched, round, hirfute, particularly at bottom, furniflied with but few leaves. FOLIA radicalia petiolis longis, hirfutis, ball latis infi- dentia, reniformia, hirfutula, lobata, lobis obtufis ; caulina ficut adfcendunt petiolis bre- vioribus gaudent donec tandem feflilia fiunt, lobi foliorum acutiora evadunt, apicibus rufe- fcentibus. LEAVES which grow next the root placed on long hairy foot-ftalks with a broad bafe, kidney- fliaped, flightly hairy, divided into obtufe lobes, thole of the Jlalk, as they afcend, are furniflied with fhorter foot-ftalks, until they gradually become feflile, the lobes more acute, and the tips of a reddilh colour. CALYX: Per 1 anthium quinquepartitum, hirfutulum, fubvifcidum, laciniis ovato-acutis apice rufis, fg- l- CALYX: a Perianthium divided into five fegments, hirfute and fomewhat vifcid, the lacinias of an oval pointed fhape, and red at the tips, Jig. 1. COROLLA: Petala quinque alba, patentia, apice rotundata, baft anguftiora et venis flavefcen- tibus notata, fig. 2. COROLLA: five Petals, white, fpreading, round at top, at bottom narrower, and ftriped with/ yellowilh veins, fig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta decem, fubulata; Anthers ovatae, comprelfae, infidentes, flavae, bilo- culares, quorum quinque Pollen primum emittunt, hinc longiores, fig. 3, 4, STAMINA: ten Filaments, tapering; Anthers oval, flat, fitting on the Filaments, yellow, bilocular, five of them filed the Pollen firft, hence they become longer than the others, fig- 3>4- PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum, inferum, glan- dula faturate viridi cinHum, fig. 7. Styli duo, Staminibus breviores, incurvati, fig. 5. Stigma concavum, fig. 5. demum expan- dens, fig. 6. PISTILLUM: Germen roundifh, placed below the Calyx, furrounded by a gland of a deep green colour, fig. 7. Styles two, Ihorter than the Stamina, bending inward, fig. 5. Stigma hollow, fig. 5. finally expanding, fig. 6. PERICARPIUM: Capsula fubovata, biroftris, bilo- cularis, pallide fufca, fig. 8. SEED-VESSEL: a Capsule of a fhape fomewhat oval, and pale brown colour, having two beaks or horns, and two cavities, fig. 8. SEMINA numerofa, minutiflima, nigra, fig. 9. SEEDS numerous, very minute, and black, fig. 9. The Root of this fpecies of Saxifrage, by means of which it is chiefly propagated, affords the young Botanlft a very good example of the Radix granulata, being compofed of a number of little grains or bulbs, connefted together in clufters by the fibres; fome of thefe bulbs are folid and entire, not unaptly refembling in fhape the bulbs of Onions; others fpread open at top, and feem to be compofed of a number of fquamulae or lelfer bulbs; thefe are often of a bright red colour. The upper part of the ftalk, the foot-ftalks of the flowers and calyx, are covered with a kind of hairs, which terminate in a vifcid globule, and which feem to accompany moft of the plants of this Genus. The two Styles, which at firft are fhort, with a hollow Stigma, fig. 5. quickly grow much longer; the Stigmata fpread open, fo that they referable in fome degree a pair of tea-tongs, fig. 6, This plant does not occur fo frequently with us as many others. According to Mr. Hudson, it is common about Wandfiworth. I have frequently gathered it in the fields about Peckham, and lately have found it in great abundance much nearer town, viz. in the fields called Lock-Fields, on the right hand fide of Kent-Street-Road, at the back of, and contiguous to Mr. Driver’s Nurfery-Gardens. It delights to grow in dry paftures which have a gravelly bottom; flowers in May, and produces its feeds in the month following. When double, it ferves, with many other Britifh plants, to ornament the gardens of the curious. Like many other plants, this feems to owe what little importance it has in medicine to the doHrine of figna- tures, which has moft unphilofophically introduced a number of plants into our Materia Medica. As the root bore fo great a refemblance to little ftones, it was concluded, it muff be efficacious in the fione and gravel, for which dileafes it has been recommended; but there are no accounts of its fuccefs to be depended on. °lf it does poffefs any medical virtue, it fhould appear from the tafte of the root to be that of an aftringent. > A/. i y//riaa. A//tm//A//n. / y / Sedum Album. White-Flowered Stonecrop. SEDUM. Linn. Gen. P/. Decandria Pentagynia. Cal. 5-fidus. Cor. 5-petala. Squama ne&ariferae 5, ad bafm germinis Cap/. 5. Rail Syn, Gen. 17. Herba multisiliqua seu corniculata. SEDUM album foliis oblongis obtufis teretiufculis feflilibus patentibus, cyma ramofa. Linn. Syft. Vegetab. p. 359. Sp. PI. p. 619. FI. Suecic. 153. SEDUM caule glabro, folds teretibus ; umbellis ramofis; floribus petiblatis. FLaller Hift. Helv. n. 959* SEDUM album. Scopoli FI. Carn. p. 324. SEDUM minus teretifolium album. Bauhin. p* 283 SEDUM minus officinarum. Gerard, emac. 512. VERMICULARIS five craffula minor vulgaris. Parkinfon 734. Rail Syn. 271. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 171. Oeder P/. ZW/. Icon. 66. ROOT perennial and fibrous. STALKS creep on the walls in a crooked form, then grow upright, about three inches high, leafy, and red. LEAVES felfile, oblong and almoft cylindrical, obtufe, but thinly placed on the (talk, fpreading, flefhy, fmooth, and generally of a reddifh colour. INFLORESCENCE : Flowers (landing on foot-flalks, and difpofed in a thick-branched Cyma. CALYX: a Perianthium of five leaves, which are fhort and l, COROLLA : five white Petals, acuminated and ge- rally marked with a longitudinal red flreak. fg- 2- NECTARY a very minute fquamiform gland at the bafe of each of the Germina, fg. 6. STAMINA: ten white Filaments, fg, 2, 3; An- thers deep red. PISTILLUM: five Germina, terminating in fo many acuminated Styles; the Stigmata fimple, fg- 4.-5- SEED-VESSEL : five fmall, acuminated Capsules, opening inwardly, fg. 7. SEEDS fmall and oblong, fg. 8. RADIX perennis, fibrofa. CAULES flexuofe fuper muros repent, dein eriguntur, triunciales circiter, folioli, rubri. FOLIA feffilia, oblonga et fere cylindracea, obtufa, nOn admodum conferta, patentia, carnofa, glabra, faepius rubicunda. INFLORESCENTIA: Flores petiolati, in Cymam ra- mofam confertam difpofiti. CALYX: Perianthium pentaphyllum, foliolis bre- vibus, obtufis, fg. i. COROLLA: Petala quinque, alba, acuminata, linea longitudinali rubra faspius notata, fg. 2. NECTARIUM glandula minima, fquamiformis,ad bafm finguli Germinis, fg. 6. STAMINA: Filamenta decem, alba, fg. 2, 3; An- thers rubrae. PISTILLUM r Germina quinque, in Stylos toti- dem acuminatos delinentia ; Stigmata fim- plicia, fg. 4, 5. PERICARPIUM: Capsulae quinque, minimae, acumi- natae, introrfum dehifcentes, fg. 7. SEMINA parva, oblonga, fg. 8. The Sedum album may be confidered with us as rather a fcarce plant; it is found here and there on the walls about town, particularly on the chapel-wall in Kentifih-Fown, where it has grown for many years ; alfo, upon a wall on the left-hand fide leading from Bromley to Bromley-Hall, in Middlefiex. It has been thought to polfefs fufficient beauty to recommend it as a garden plant, and is accordingly, with very little trouble, cultivated in many of the gardens of the curious, nothing more being neceffary than placing it in a pot filled with gravel or mould: in fuch a fituation it will grow, flouriffi, and propagate itfelf very faft. It has been called album, from the colour of its flowers, which generally, however, have a tinge of red in them. It flowers in July. The round and oblong ffiape of its leaves readily diflinguiflies it from our other Stonecrops. Haller informs us, that it polfelfes all the virtues of the large Houfeleck, and that he has ufed the juice of it in uterine haemorrhages, but does not inform us with what fuccefs. By way of cataplafm, it is applied to the piles when in a painful ftate, and is laid to have fometimes been made the lame ufe of in cancers with fuccefs. By fome it is eaten as a pickle. f ) r(J/l’trrny. Sedum Acre. Common Yellow Stonecrop, or Wall-Pepper. SEDUM Linncei Gen. PL Decandria Pentagynia. Raii Syn. Gen. 17. Herba: multisiliqua: seu corniculata:. SEDUM acre foliis fubovatis, adnato-feffilibus, gibbis, ere&iufculis, alternis; cyma trifida. Linn. Syfi. Veg. p. 359. FI. Suecic. p. 153. SEDUM foliis conicis confertis, caulibus ramofis, fummis trifidis. Haller Hift. v. i. n, g66< SEMPERVIVUM minus vermiculatum acre. Bauhin Pin. 283. VERMICULARIS feu Illecebra mino acris. Ger. emac. 517 ILLECEBRA minor feu Sedum tertium Diofcoridis, Parkinfon 735. Rail Syn. 270. Hudfon. FL Angi p. 171. RADIX perennis, fibrofa. ROOT perennial, and fibrous. CAULES numerofi, casfpitofi, ramofiflimi, palmares, ad bafin repentes, dein erefti, teretes, folio- filfimi. STALKS numerous, growing in tufts, very much branched, three inches high, creeping at their bafe, but afterwards growing upright, round, and very leafy. FOLIA alterna, conferta, imbricata, fuberefta, adna- tofeflilia, ovata, obtufa, brevia, carnofa, margine paululiim comprefla, glabra, fapore acri, Jig. 1. LEAVES alternate, growing very thick together, and laying one over another, nearly upright, growing to the (talk, oval, blunt, (hort, flelhy, flattened a little at the edges, fmooth, and of a very biting tajie, Jig. 1. FLORES fefliles, lutei, in Cymas fubtrifidas difpofiti. FLOWERS feflile, yellow, growing in Cymae forne- what trifid. CALYX; Perianthium quinquepartitum, perfid- ens, laciniis craflis obtuliufculis, Jig. 2. CALYX: a Perianthium divided into five fegments, and continuing, the fegments thick and bluntilh, fig. 2. COROLLA: Petala quinque lanceolato-acumi- nata, plana, patentia. Calyce duplo longiora, fig- 3- COROLLA : compofed of five long-pointed Petals, which are flat, fpreading, and twice the length of the Calyx, Jig. 3. NECTARIUM : Squamula minima, alba, ad bafin, finguli germinis extrorfum pofita, fig. 7. NECTARY : a very minute fcale or gland placed externally at the bottom of each Germen, fis-1- STAMINA: Filamenta decem fubulata, longitudine Corollae. Anthera: 4. STAMINA: ten Filaments, tapering, the length of the Corolla, the Anthera: 4. PISTILLUM: G ermina quinque oblonga, flava, in Stylos acuminatos delinentia. Stigmata fimplicia, Jig. 6. PISTILLUM: five Ge rmina, oblong, yellow, ter- minating in five long-pointed Styles. The Stigmata limple, fig. 6. PERICARPIUM ; Capsula: quinque patentes, acu- minatae, compreflae, longitudinaliter futura introrfum dehifcentes, fig. 8. SEED-VESSEL: five Capsules, fpreading, long- pointed, flat, opening internally by a longi- tudinal future, fig. 8. SEMINA minima, ovata, rufa, fig. 9. SEEDS very minute, oval, and reddifh brown, fig. 9. According to the account which fome medical writers give of this Plant, it appears to poflefs confiderable virtues, while others, from the durability of its acrimony, and the violence of its operation, have thought it fcarce fafe to be adminiftered. Chewed in the mouth it has a very hot and biting tafte, whence its name of Wall-Pepper; applied to the (kin it excoriates and exulcerates it; taken internally it proves emetic and diuretic. The difeafes in which it has been chiefly recommended are the Scurvy and Dropfy, in both of which, according to Linnaeus, it is an excellent remedy; and fome inftances are brought of the efficacy of its juice in Cancers, but thefe, perhaps. Hand in need of further confirmation. It grows very common on houfes, walls, and gravelly banks, and flowers in June ; it continues but a ffiort time in bloflbm, but while it lafts its lively yellow colour gives a very pretty appearance to thofe houfes and walls which are covered with it. f ! r/r ra O Slcc cuculi. Lychnis Flos Cuculi. Meadow Lychnis. LYCHNIS Linncei Gen. PL Decandria Pentagynia. Raii Synopfis Gen. 24. Herbal pentapetala: vasculifer^e. LYCHNIS Flos Cuculi petalis quadrifidis fru&u fubrotundo. Lin. Syji. Vegetal. /».361. 5/. P/. 625. LYCHNIS petalis quadrifidis. Haller, hiji. v. 1. n. g2l. CARYOPYLLUS pratenfis, laciniato flore fimplici, five Flos Cuculi. Bauhin, pin, 210 LYCHNIS plumaria fylveftris fimplex. Parkinf Par ad, 253. ARMERIUS pratenfis mas et foemina. Gerard. Emac, 600. Raii Synop. Ed, 3. 338. Hudfon, FLAngL 174. Oeder. Flor. Dan, tab. 590. Scopoli, FI. Carniol. Ed, 2. p. 31X. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, ex albido-fufca, faporis fubacris. CAULIS pedalis ad tripedalem, ere&us, fulcato-angu- latus, articulatus, geniculi tumidi, fcabriuf- culus, purpurafcens. FOLIA caulis, oppofita, connata, lanceolata, cari- nata, fubere&a, laevia. V h PEDUNCULI oppofiti, plerumque unico intermedio. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, tubulatum quinquedentatum, decangulatum, purpu- reum, perfiftens, fig. 1. COROLLA Petala quinque, unguis longitudine calycis, fig. 2. Limbus quadrifidus, laciniis exterioribus brevioribus, et anguftioribus, fig. 4. ad bafin limbi laminae duae ere£lae, acutae, fig. 3. STAMINA: Filamenta decem, fubulata, quorum quinque breviora, fig. 5. brevioribus ungui , petalorum affixis, fig. 6. Anthers ob- longae, biloculares, fig. 7. incumbentes, pur- purafcentes. PISTILLUM Germen fubovatum, fig. 8. Styli quinque, Tubulati, fubincurvati,y%. 10. Stig- mata fimplicia, fig. 10. PERICARPIUM Capsula ovata, unilocularis, ore quinquedentato, dentibus refiexis, fig. g. SEMINA nuraerofa, fubcomprefla, fcabriufcula, ex cinereo-fufca, fig. 11, 12. ROOT perennial, fibrous, of a brownifh white colour and fomewhat biting tafte. STALK from one to three feet high, upright, fome- what angular and grooved, jointed, the joints fwelled, roughifli, and of a purplifh colour. LEAVES of the ftalk oppofite, connate, lanceolate, the midrib prominent underneath, upright and fmooth. PEDUNCLES oppofite, one generally intermediate. CALYX a Perianthium of one leaf, tubular, quin- quedentate, having ten angles, or ridges, and of a deep purple colour. COROLLA: five petals, the claw the length of the calyx, fig. 2. the Limb divided into four laciniae, the exterior fhorteft and narroweft, fig. 4. at the bottom of the limb are placed two fmall upright laminae, fig 3. 1 STAMINA: ten Filaments, tapering, five long and five (hort, fig. 5. the (horter filaments affixed to the claw of each petal, fig. 6. the An- ther as oblong, bilocular, fig. 7. laying acrofs the filaments, and of a purplifh hue. PISTILLUM: the G ermen fomewhat oval, fig. 8. five Styles tapering and bending a little in- ward, fig. 10. Stigmata fimple, fig. 10. SEED-VESSEL; a Capsule, oval, of one cavity, the mouth having five teeth which turn back, fis• 9- SEEDS numerous, flattifh, rough, and of a brown affi colour, fig. 11, 12. A variety of names hath been given to this plant, as Meadow Pink, Cuckow Flower, Wild Williams, Ragged Robin, <&c. Meadow Lychnis, however, feems to us the moft eligible. It abounds in moift meadows, where it flowers in May and June, and is included amongft the great number of which our meadow hay is compounded: goats, fheep, and horfes, are faid to feed on it. The ufe to which it is applied feems to be chiefly ornamental; the beauty of its flowers juftly entitles it (with many other neglefted JBritifh Plants) to a place in the gardens of the curious, where it is frequently found with a double flower, making a beautiful appearance, and requiring little more care in its culture, than to be placed in a moift fituation : it may be pro- pagated either by feeds or flips; the feeds may be found ripe in the latter end of June, by the ftdes of ditches, where the mower’s fcythe has not reached them. We fometimes find the Meadow Lychnis growing wild with a double flower, and fometimes with a white one ; but this is altogether accidental. The agreement between the blowing of flowers, and the periodical return of birds of paflage, has been attended to from the earlieft ages. Before the return of the feafons was exa6lly afcertained by aftronomy, thefe obfervations were of great confequence in pointing out ftated times for the purpofes of agriculture ; and ftill, in many a cottage, the birds of paflage and their correfponding flowers aflift in regulating “ The Jhort and Jimple annals oj the poor.” For this reafon, no doubt, we have feveral other plants that, in different places, go by the name of Cuckow Flower. Gerard fays, Cardamine pratenfis (Common Ladies Smock) is the true Cuckow Flower. Shak/pere s Cuckow Buds are of “ yellow hue.” By Tome the Orchis, Arum, and Wood-Sorrel, are all called after the Cuckow. ////// m/iiMficimi. Cerastium Aquaticum. Marsh Cerastium, or Mouse-Ear Chickweed. CERASTIUM Linncci Gen. Pl. DecandriaPentagynia. Raii Synop. Gen. 24. Herbae Pentapetala: vasculiferje. CERASTIUM aquaticum foliis cordatis, feffilibus, floribus folitariis, fruflibus pendulis, Linncci Syfl. Vege tab, p. 363. FI. Suecic. p. 157. ALSINE foliis ovato-cordatis, imis petiolatis, tubis quinis, Haller. Hiji. n. 885. STELLARIA aquatica. Scopoli-FI. Carniol. p. 320 ALSINE aquatica major. Bauhin Pin. 254. ALSINE major. Gerard, emac, 611. maxima, Parkinfon 759. Raii Syn.p. 347. Hudfon. FI. Angl. p. 177. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, repens. CAULES bipedales, debiles, pene teretes, teneri, filofi, hirfuti, ramofi, rami alterni. FOLIA Caulis feflilia, amplexicaulia, cordato-acumi- nata, margine in fuperioribus prefertim undu- lata, laevia, fubvifeida; ramorum magis undu- lata, petiolata. PEDUNCULI alterni, e dichotomia caulis, uniflori, pofi fioreficentiam penduli. CALYX: Perianthium pentaphyllum, perfidens, foliolis lanceolatis, concavis, fubcarinatis, apice obtufmfculis, hirfutis, margine membranaceis, petalis paulo brevioribus, fig. 1. COROLLA: Petala quinque alba, patentia, bipar- tita, laciniis oblongis, nervofis, divaricantibus, fs- 2, 3- STAMINA: Filamenta decem, fubulata, alba, re- ceptaculo inferta, ad bafm et inter petala alterne locata, fig. 4. quae inter petala locantur paulo longiora funt et glandula ad bafm inftruuntur, fig. 5. Anthers infidentes, biloculares, albae, fs 4- PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum, apicefulcatum. Styli quinque albi, filiformes, longitudine Germinis. Stigmata fimplicia, fig. 6. PERICARPIUM: Capsula ovata, obfoletepentagona, ore quinquedentato, fig. 7. SEMINA rufa, fubreniformia, fcabra, 60 numeravi, fg- 8, 9- ROOT perennial, fibrous, and creeping. STALKS about two feet in length, weak, almoft round, tender, ftringy, hirfute, and branched, the branches alternate. LEAVES of the Stalk felfile, embracing the Stalk, fomewhat heart-ftiaped and acuminate, the edge, particularly in the upper ones, waved, fmooth, and fomewhat vilcid; thofe of the branches more waved with fhort foot-llalks. FOOT-STALKS alternate, from the forking of the Stalk, uniflorous, after the bloffo?n is gone off pendulous. CALYX: a Perianthium of five leaves, perfifting, the leaves lanceolate, concave, (lightly keel- fhaped, bluntilh at top, hirfute, at the edge membranous, and a little Ihorter than the i, * COROLLA: five Petals white, fpreading, divided almoft to the bottom, the laciniae or fegments oblong, nervous, and divaricating, fig. 2, 3. STAMINA: ten Filaments, tapering, white, fixed to the receptacle, placed alternately, one at the bafe and one betwixt each petal, fig. 4.; thofe placed between the petals are a little longer than the others, and furnifhed at bot- tom with a gland, fig, 5. Anther a- white and bilocular, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen roundifh, at top grooved, five Styles thread-fhaped, white, the length of the Germen. Stigmata fimple, fg■ 6- SEED-VESSEL : an ovate Capsule, (lightly pentan- gular, the mouth quinquedentate. SEEDS reddifti brown, rough, about 60 in each capfule, fg- 8- 9- Some of our modern and moft celebrated fyftematic Botanifts feem very much divided with refpeft to the Genus to which this Plant fhould belong. Haller makes it an Alfne or Chickweed, Scopoli a Stellaria, and a Ccrafium. We fhall not pretend to decide who is moft in the right; but only obferve, that its general habit or appearance, and the form of its feeds, might eafily induce Haller to confider it as an Alfne. The Ihape of its petals, with the ftrufture of its feeds, would juftify Scopoli in calling it a Stellaria; while the number of its ftyles might lead Linn-EUS with propriety to place it among the Cerafiums. To us it appears to have the greateft natural affinity with the Alfne media or common Chickweed. It is true, Linnaeus ranks that plant among thofe which have five Stamina, yet it is frequently obferved to have more; and the ftruHure of the flower evi- dently (hows it to be formed for having ten, and thofe flowers which have not that number may be confidered as imperfeft. The Seeds of thefe two plants are fo fimilar as fcarcely to be diftinguiffied from each other, and their ftalks are procumbent, tender, brittle, and ftringy; indeed they frequently fo much referable one another, as to oblige the young Botanift to have recourfe to the very different fize of their flowers, in order to dif- criminate them. This Plant grows in moift places, on the banks of rivers, and by ftreams of water. It flowers in July and Augufl. Scopoli aflerts that the plants of this kind afford excellent food for Kine. Euphorbia Peplus. Small Garden Spurge. EUPHORBIA. Linn. Gen. PI. Dodecandria Trigynia. RaiiSyn.Gen. 22. Herbal flore tetrapetalo anomaly. EUPHORBIA (Peplus) umbella trifida, dichotoma, involucellis ovatis, foliis integerrimis obovatis petiolatis. Linn. Syfl. Vegetab. p. 375. FI. Suec. p. 163. TITHYMALUS foliis rotundis, dipulis doralibus cordatis, obtufis, petalis argute corniculatis. Haller Hifi. vol. 2. p. 9. n. 1049. PEPLUS five Efula rotunda, Bauh. Pin. 292. Parkinfion. Gerard, emac. 503. TITHYMALUS parvus annuus, foliis fubrotundis non crenatis. Peplus diftus. Raii Syn. p. 313. n. 9. Petty Spurge. Hudjbn FI. Angi. p. 182. RADIX annua, lignofa, fimplex, fibrofa, albida. CAULIS fubere6lus, dodrantalis, teres, glaber, ramo- fus, baft durior, tenuior, fubruber, foliofus, la&ifluus. RAMI pauci, fparfi, inferioribus longioribus oppofitis. UMBELLA trifida, dichotoma. FOLIA obovata, petiolata, integerrima, fparfa, obtufi- ufcula, inferioribus fubrotundis. STIPULiE umbellce tres, ovato-acutse, petiolis brevi- bus infidentes, umbellulce alterne oppofitae, fefliles, cordato ovatae, inaequales, integerri- mae, bafi qua tendit germen quafi excavatae. CALYX ventricofus, perfiftens, jig. 1. COROLLA nulla. NECTARIA quatuor bicorniculata, Jig. 2. STAMINA plerumque duo, aut tria, vifibilia, exferta: Anthers didymae, fubrotundae, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen pedunculatum, nutans, tri- angulare, angulis longitudinaliter fulcatis, fig. 4, 6. Stigmata tria, apice bifida, fig. 5. PERICARPIUM: Capsula tricocca, trilocularis, tri- valvis, valvulis laevibus, et dum adhuc virides diflilientibus, fig. 6. SEMEN unicum in fingulo loculamento, ovatum, ca- num, alveolatum, appendiculatum, fig. 7. N. B. Omnes partes fru&ificationis lente augentur. ROOT annual, woody, fimple, fibrous, and whitifh. STALK generally upright, about nine inches high, round, fmooth, and branched; at bottom har- der, more (lender, and of a reddifh colour, leafy and milky. BRANCHES few, not growing in any regular order, the lower ones longeft and oppofite. UMBEL firft trifid, then dichotomous. LEAVES fomewhat ovate, but narro weft towards the bafe, having foot-ftalks, entire at the edges, placed in no regular order, fomewhat blunt, the lowermoft leaves almoft round. STIPULAE of the large umbel three in number, ovate and pointed, placed on very fhort foot-flalks: of the/mall alternately oppofite, feflile, of an heart-fhaped ovate form, unequal and entire, at bottom, on that fide to which the Germen tends, as if cut away. CALYX bellying out and continuing, fig. i. COROLLA wanting. NECTARIES four, each having two little horns, fig. 2. STAMINA feldom more than two or three, which are vifible, and placed without the Calyx: Anthers two on each filament joined to- gether, of a roundifh figure, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen placed on a foot-flalk, hang- ing down, triangular, the angles longitudi- nally grooved, fig. 4, 6. Stigmata three, bifid at top, fig. 5. SEED-VESSEL: a Capsule of three cavities, and three valves, the valves protuberant, fmooth, and fplitting with a kind of elafticity even while they are of a green colour, fig. 6. SEED one in each cavity, oval, grey, with numerous deprefiions on its furfiace, and a little white button at one end, fig. 7. N. B. All the parts of fruftification are magnified. Many of the Spurges confiderably refemble one another, and two of them which have this affinity grow fre- quently together in Gardens, viz. the prefent Spurge, Euphorbia Peplus, and the Sun Spurge, Euphorbia Helio- /copia; they may be diftinguifhed, however, by the flighted: attention. In the Helio/copia the leaves are notched or Jerrated at the edges; in the Peplus they are entire. In the Helio/copia the Petals, or rather Ne&aria, are round and entire; in the Peplus each is furniflied with two little horns, fig. 2. There are other marks of diftinc- tion; but thefe are the mod linking. This fpecies grows in Gardens and other cultivated ground, and flowers in Autumn. The milky fluid, which it abounds with, is by fome applied to Warts, which it is faid to deflrqy. Moft, if not all the plants of this Genus contain in them this milky and gummy fubftance, which to the tafle is exceedingly acrid; and this la&ifluous property, joined to the peculiarity of its parts of fruftification, point out almoft at firft fight this natural family of plants. But the botanic Student, who would inveftigate this fpecies according to the principles of the Linnasan Syftem, not having thefe chara&eriftics to aflift him, finds a confiderable difficulty in learning even the Cla/s to which it belongs, nor is it poffible for him to afeertain the Cla/s by an examination of this or fcarce any other Englifh Spurge. The Stamina, in the firft place, are very minute; it is feldom that more than two or three protrude beyond the Calyx, all the reft lie concealed within it: they feldom amount to twelve in number; and even if they did amount to that exa6l number, their minutene/s, and the milky juice which flows from the diffe&ion, render the enumeration of them fcarce practicable. The Student may, however, in a great degree furmount this difficulty, by an examination of fome plant of this genus, which is larger in every refpefl; and the Euphorbia Lathyris, improperly called the Caper Tree (which is cultivated in many Gardens) will afford him a very good example, and tend to give him a clear idea of the flower and fruit of this Angular genus of plants. I would not be thought, on account of this difficulty, to inveigh againft Linn alvss Syftem, being lenfible that difficulties occur, and muft occur, in all botanic arrangements; and, inftead of felefting faults infeparable from every mode of claffification (which feems to have been a favourite amufement of fome Authors, and forms indeed the greateft part of their writings) I would ufe every endeavour to make it more perfefl. It is too much the fafhion now, as well as formerly, for every Botanift, as foon as he thinks he has fome pre- tenfions to eminence, to fet about the arduous talk of framing a new Syftem. He may by this means give the public fome idea of his felf-confequence, and be inrolled in the Catalogue of Syftem-makers, but not one jot will he advance the fcience of Botany. It is to be regretted, that Botanills will not be contented with a Syftem, a proof of whofe fuperiority is the almoft general reception it has met with throughout Europe, and unite in their endeavours to render that Syftem more complete, by giving us an accurate account of the hiftory of thofe plants not already given, their virtues and ufes. This appears to me to be the true method of advancing this delightful Science, and making it ufeful to Mankind. When one Syftem of Botany is generally followed, as is nearly the cafe at prefent, Botanifts in different kingdoms perfectly underhand each others language; but, when each adopts afeparate one (which is frequently dictated by Pride or Caprice) all becomes Babel; and every one, who whites to acquire a knowledge of the plants treated of, muft, at confiderable expence both of time and labour, acquire firft the Author’s new-created Syftem-language, a tax which it is hoped every true Botanift will unite to oppofe. X' , /' / ' ■/ A / ' //////f’/TU/ ' /Y////.I Euphorbia Helioscopia. Sun Spurge or Wart Wort. EUPHORBIA Linncei Gen. Pl. Dodecandria Trygynia. Cor. 4-f. 5-petaIa, calyci infidens. Cal. i-phyllus, ventricofus. Capf 3-cocca. Raii Syn. Gen, 22. Herb.e vasculifer.a:, flore tetrapetalo anomale. EUPHORBIA umbella quinquefida : trifida: dichotoma, involucellis obovatis, foliis cuneiformibus ferratis. Finn. Syfi. Vegetab. p. 377. Sp. Piant. 658. /7. Suecic. p. 162. TITHYMALUS foliis petiolatis, fubrotundis, ferratis, ftipulis rotundis, ferratis. Haller hifi. v. 2. p. 10. 1050. TITHYMALUS heliofcopius. Scopoli FI. Carniol. p. 337. w. 579. TITHYMALUS heliofcopius. Bauhin. Pin. 291. Gerard emac. 458. Parkinfon. 189. TITHYMALUS heliofcopius five folifequus. /. 3. 669. jRaw £y?z. 313. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 183. RADIX fimplex, fibrofa, annua. CAULIS ereftus, teres, pilofus, inferne brachiatus, brachiis oppohtis. FOLIA fparfa, pauca, glabra, ferrata, cuneiformia, inferiora petiolata, fuperiora feffilia. UMBELLA quinquefida, trifida, dichotoma, patens, fafligiata. \ STIPULAE minute ferratas, glabrae, Umbellae quin- que, obovatas, horizontales, aequales. Umbel- Iulee, tres, ovatae, inaequales, interiore duplo minore, quae fequuntur mucrone terminatae, CALYX fubventricofus, flavefeens, fig. i. COROLLA nulla. NECTARIA quatuor, fubrotunda, nuda, fig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta duo, tria, aut plura, vifi- bilia, exferta ; Anthers flavae, biloculares, loculis fubrotundis, fig. 3, PISTILLUM: Ger men pedunculatum, fubrotun- dum, nutans ; Stigmata tria, apice bifida, fg- 4> 5* PERICARPIUM: Capsula tricocca, trilocularis, trivalvis, fg. 6. SEMEN unicum in fingulo loculamento, ovatum, rugofum ex purpureo fufeum, fg. 7. ROOT fimple, fibrous, annual. STALK upright, round, flightly hairy, below branch- ed, the branches oppofite. LEAVES growing in no regular order, few, fmooth, ferrated, and wedge-fhaped, the lower ones Handing on foot-flalks, the upper ones feffile. UMBELL dividing into five, next three, then two, fpreading, of an equal height at top. STIPULAE minutely ferrated and fmooth, thofe of the Umbell five, fomewhat oval, fpreading ho- rizontally, and equal; thofe of the /mailer Umbell three, oval, unequal, the interior one twice as fmall as the others; thofe which follow terminating in a point. CALYX fomewhat fwelled, of a yellowifh colour, fg- 1- COROLLA wanting, NECTARIA four, roundifh and naked, fg, 2. STAMINA: two, three, or more Filaments, vifible beyond the Calyx ; Anthers yellow, bi- locular, the cavities containing the Pollen roundifh, fig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen placed on a foot-fialk, roundifh, hanging down ; Stigmata three, bifid at top. Jig. 4, 5. SEED-VESSEL a Capsule of three protuberating valves, and three cavities, fig. 6. SEEDS one in each cavity, oval, wrinkled, of a purplifh brown colour, fig. 7, In fpeaking of the Euphorbia Peplus, I had occafion to take notice of the difficulty which Students in Botany find in inveftigating the Clafis and Order of this Genus, and endeavoured to make it eafier to them : in this plant, the parts of the fruftification are fomewhat larger; and it differs from the other Spurges in having its leaves finely ferrated. In its acrimonious quality it is inferior to none; hence it has often been applied to Warts for the purpofe of deflroying them ; but even in this cafe, great care Ihould be ufed in its application. My friend Mr. William Wavell lately informed me of a cafe which fell under his notice in the Ifle of Wight, where, from the application of the juice of this Spurge to fome Warts near the eye of a little girl, the whole face became inflamed to a very great degree. It is very common in gardens and cultivated ground, flowering in Autumn. . Z/rZ/r./r/y///// ' POTENTILLA REPTANS. COMMON CINQUEFOIL, Or Five-Leaved Grass. POTENTILLA Linn, Gen. PL Icosandria Polygynia. Rail Gen, 15. Herbie semine nudo polyspermy. POTENTILLA reptans foliis quinatis, caule repente, pedunculis unifloris. Linn, Syji. Vegetab. p. 358. FL Suec. p. 178. FRAG ARIA foliis quinatis ferratis, petiolis unifloris, caule reptante. Haller Hijl, v. 2. p. 47. QUINQUEFOLIUM majus repens. Bauh, Pin. 325. Ger, emac. 987 PENTAPHYLLUM vulgatiffimum. Park. 398. Rail Syn. p. 255. POTENTILLA reptans. Hudfon FI, Ang/. p. IQJ. Scopoh FI. Cam. p. 361. RADIX perennis, fufiformis, paucis fibrillis inftru£la, intra terram profunde penetrans, craflitie digiti minimi aut pollicis etiam in annofis, externe fordide caftanea. ROOT perennial, tapering, furnifhed with few fibres, penetrating deeply into the earth, the fize of the little finger, or even of the thumb when old, externally of a dark chefnut colour. CAULES numerofi, teretes, glabri, repentes, purpurei. STALKS numerous, round, fmooth, and creeping. FOLIA quinata, etiam feptena occurrunt, ferrata, ve- nofa, inaequalia, parum hirfuta, petiolis longis infidentia, per paria e geniculis caulium ad magna intervalla prodeuntia. LEAVES quinate, or growing five together, fometimes even feven, ferrated, veiny, unequal in their fize, (lightly hairy, fitting on long foot-ftalks, which proceed in pairs from the joints of the ftalks at confiderable diftances. STIPULAE geminae, trifoliatae, foliolis ovatis. STIPULAE growing in pairs, compofed of three ovate leaves. PETIOLI uniflori, longi, fubere&i. FOOT-STALKS of the flowers uniflorous, long, and nearly upright. CALYX; Perianthium monophyllum,planiufculum, decemfidum, laciniis alternis minoribus, faepe reflexis, fig. 3, 4, 5. CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, flattilh, divi- ded into ten fegments, the fegments alter- nately fmaller, and frequently turned back, fg- S> 4’ 5* COROLLA: Petala quinque, fubrotundo-cordata, flava, unguibus calyci inferta, fig. 6. COROLLA: five Petals of a roundifh heart-fhaped figure, and yellow colour, inferted into the calyx by their ungues or claws, fig. 6. STAMINA: Filamenta viginti, fubulata, Corolla breviora, margini interiori glandulofas calycis inferta, in duas feries diflributa; Anthery • oblongas, compreflae, flavae, biloculares, locu- las membrana divifae, infidentes, fig. 7. 8. STAMINA: twenty Filaments tapering: fliorter than the Corolla, inferted into the inner edge of the calyx, which puts on a glandular appearance, and placed in two rows; An- ther y oblong, flat, bilocular, the cells or cavities divided by a membrane, fitting on the filaments, fig. 7, 8. PISTILLUM: G ermina numerofa, in capitulum collefta; Styli filiformes, filamentis brevi- ores, lateri Germinis inferti, perfidentes ; Stigmata minima, obtufa, fig. 9, 10. PISTILLUM: the G ermina numergus, colle&ed into a little head; the Styles filiform, fhorter than the filaments, inferted into the fide of the Germen and continuing; the Stigmata very fmall and blunt, fig. 9, 10. SEMINA numerofa, parva, fufca, ftylo perfiftente terminata, . 11, 12. SEEDS numerous, fmall, brown and terminated by the Style, fig. 11, 12. The Roots of Cinquefoil, and many other plants of the clafs Icofiandria, poffefs confiderable virtues as aftrin- gent medicines, and may be ufed in the fame cafes in which Bifiort is recommended. It has likewife been ufed in fome places for the purpofe of tanning Leather, where better materials for that purpofe are with difficulty acquired. A Tea or infufion of the leaves is in ufe among the Country People as a drink in Fevers. Moll forts of Cattle are fond of the leaves; but it does not appear to be a plant worth cultivating on that account. The Larva or Caterpillar of the Phalrena Rubi, vid. Roeficl, Suppl. tab. 69. Albin tab. 81. feeds on the leaves in Autumn, although a plant to which that infeft is by no means confined. • It grows very common in meadows and on banks by the road fides, and flowers in July, Augufl, and September. It affords the Botanic Student a very good example of the Caulis repens or Creeping Stalk. f S\a////??r/t/r/,i /////'(>,*/' *. Ranunculus Bulbosus. Round-Rooted or Bulbous Crowfoot. RANUNCULUS. Linn. Gen. PL Polyandria Polygynia. Raii Syn, Gen, 15. Herbie semine nudo polyspermy, RANUNCULUS bulbofus, calycibus retroflexis, pedunculis fulcatis, caule erefto multifloro, foliis compofitis. Linn. Syft.Veg. p. 430, Sp, PL 778. FI. Suec. 196. ' RANUNCULUS radice fubglobofa, foliis hirfutis, femitrilobis, lobis petiolatis acute ferratis. Haller Hijl. v. 2. p, 74. RANUNCULUS, Scopoli FL Carn, v. 1. p. 400. Diagn. Radix globofa. Calyces reflexi. Squamula neftarifera obtufe trigona. RANUNCULUS pratenfls radice verticilli modo rotunda. Bauh. Pin. 179. Fufchii Icon, 160, Ger.emac.gs3. Parkinfon 329. Rail Syn, 247. Hudfon FI. Angi. 211. FL Ban. Icon. 551. RADIX perennis, fubrotunda, albida, folida, fuperne et inferne depreffior, hinc radicem Rapae quodammodo referens. CAULIS pedalis, teres, eredus, fiflulofus, hirfutus, ra- mofus. FOLIA rad calia petiolis longis, hirfutis, bafi vaginan- tibus mfidentia, fubprocumbentia, hirfuta, ve- nofa trilobata, lobo medio majori et longius petiolato, femitrifido, fegmentis acute incifis; lobis lateralibus trifidis, fegmentis inferioribus profundius divifis; caulina fubfeffilia in laci- nias plures tenuiores divifa, PEDUNCULI falcati. CALYX: Perianthium pentaphyllum, foliolis ova- tis, concavis, rejlexis, pilofis, apice obtufiuf- culis, margine membranaceis, bafi fubpellu- eidis, fig. 1. COROLLA: Petala quinque, obeordata, flava, ni- tentia, fg. 2. NECTARIUM: fquamula flava, fubemarginata ad bafin petali, fig. 3. STAMINA: Filamenta plurima, receptaculo in- ferta; Anthers oblongae, flavae, fubincur- vatae, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germina numerofa in capitulum colle&a; Styli nulli; Stigmata minima reflexa, fig. 5. SEMINA plurima, compreffa, fufea, mucronata, laevia, arillata, fig. 6. Fig. 7. Arillus ; fig. 8, femen denudatum. ROOT perennial, roundijh, white and folid, flattened a little both at top and bottom, hence fome- what refembling a Turnep. STALK a foot high, round, upright, hollow, hairy and branched. LEAVES : the radical leaves placed on long hairy foot-flalks, which at bottom embrace the (talk, fomewhat procumbent, hairy, veiny, and di- vided into three lobes; the mid-lobe largeff and placed on a longer foot-ftalk than the others, divided half way down into three fegments which are fharply cut in ; the fide- lobes trifid, the lower fegments more deeply divided than the others; the leaves of the Jlalk nearly fefTile, deeply divided into nu- merous and narrower fegments. FOOT-STALKS of the flowers grooved. CALYX: a Perianthium of five leaves, the leaves ovate, hollow, turned back, and hairy, bluntifh at top, membranous at the edges, thin and fomewhat tranfparent at bottom, Jig. i. COROLLA: five Petals, heart-fhaped, yellow, and fhining, Jig, 2. NECTARY: a fmaJi yellow fcale at the bottom of the petal, with a flight indentation at top, fig. 3, STAMINA : Filaments numerous and inferred into the receptacle; Anthers oblong, yellow's and bending a little inwards, Jig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germina numerous, collefted into a little head; Styles none; Stigmata very fmall and bending back, fg. 5. SEEDS numerous, flat, brown, fmooth, pointed, and covered with an Arillus, Jig. 6. Fig. 7. the Arillus ; fg. 8. the feed taken out of it. This Crowfoot has been confidered by fome Authors as the fame fpecies with the Ranunculus repens, but certainly without any propriety, for there can be no doubt but they are as diftinft as any two fpecies of Ranunculus whatever. It is diftinguifhed from the repens by feveral peculiarities, the principal of which are, ift. its refiexed calyx, the turning back of which does not depend on any accidental circumftances, but folely on its particular ftrußure; if it be plucked off, and held up to the light, the lower half of it will appear thin and almoft tranfparent, hence not having a fufficient degree of folidity to fupport itfelf upright, it is reflected downwards; 2dly. the root in this fpecies is round, and folid; in the repens it is fibrous: and 3dly, (which perhaps may be confidered as the molt effential differencej the (talk of the bulbofus is never known to throw out any Stolones or Creepers, which the repens always does in every foil and lituation. This fpecies blows earlier than either the upright or creeping Crowfoot, and is the fecond flower, which next to the Dandelion covers our meadows and paffures with that delightful yellow, which almoff dazzles the eye of the beholder. Like the reft of the Crowfoots, it poffeffes the property of inflaming and bliftenng the fkin, but more parti- cularly the Root, which is faid to raife blifters with lefs pain and more fafety, than Spanifh flies ; and hence where blifters have been thought neceflary, thefe roots have been applied for that purpofe, particularly to the Joints in cafes of the Gout. On being kept, they loie their ftimulating quality, and are even eatable when boiled. ... . ' v Hoffman informs us that Beggars make ufe of them to blifter their (kins in order to excite companion. The juice of this herb is faid to be more acrid than that of the Ranunculus feeleratus, and if applied to the noftrils it provokes fneezing. Hogs are fond of the roots and will frequently dig them up. It abounds in dry paftures, and flowers in May ; it is cultivated when double, as well as the upright meadow Crowfoot, which laft occurs in almoft every Garden, under the name of Yellow Bachelors Buttons. r /l a//////(///// > ru ysu. Ranunculus Acris. Upright Meadow Crowfoot. RANUNCULUS Linncei Gen. PL Polyandria Polygynia. Rail Gen. 15. Herbie semine nudo, polyspermy. RANUNCULUS acris calycibus patulis, pedunculis teretibus, foliis tripartito-multifidis, fummis linearibus. Linncei Syjt, Vegetab, p. 430. FI. Suecic. p. 196. RANUNCULUS foliis hirfutis, femitrilobatis, lobis lateralibus bipartitis, foliis caulinis femitrilobis. Haller Hift. n. 1169. RANUNCULUS pratenfxs ere6lus acris. Bauhin Pin, 178. Gerard, emac. 951. Parkinfion 329. Raii Syn. p. 248. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 211. Scopoli FI. Carniolp. 398. ROOT perennial, confiding of numerous white fibres. STALK generally about two feet high, upright, hol- low, round, fomewhat hairy, much branched at top. LEAVES: Radical leaves (landing on long upright foot-ftalks, tripartite, the middle lobe trifid, the fide ones bilobous, and all of them fliarply indented, (lightly hirfute, the upper furface, particularly at the bafe, frequently of a pur- ple colour, the veins underneath prominent. Leaves of the Stalk like the radical leaves, but more finely divided, and (landing on (horter foot-ftalks, at top linear and feflile. The Foot-Stalks with their (heaths hairy. of the Flowers round. CALYX: a Perianthium of five leaves, fpreading, of a yellow colour and hairy, the leaves oval, concave, and membranous at the edges, fig. 1. COROLLA: five Petals, yellow and (hining, nearly heart-fliaped, fometimes notched, fometimes entire, fig. 2. STAMINA: Filaments numerous, a little dilated at top, fig. 5, 4. AnTHERi; yellow, obtufe, bending a little inward, fig. 4. NECTARY : a fmall fcale, (lightly notched at top, at 1 the bafe of each Petal, fig. 3. 1 PISTILLUM; Germina numerous, forming a little head; Styles none. Stigmata reflex, > fig- 6. ) SEEDS numerous, roundifli, flat, of a brown colour, ) bending back at the tip, fig. 7. RADIX perennis, e pluribus radiculis albidis con- i ftans. I CAULIS bipedalis, ereftus, fiftulofus, teres, fubpilofus, ■ apice ramofus. ( FOLIA Radicalia petiolis longis eredis infidcntia, < tripartita, lobo medio trifido, lateralibus 1 bilobis, omnibus acute dentatis aut incilis, ' fubhirfutis, fuperne ad balin praefertim faepe purpureis, venis fubtus extantibus. Caulina radicalibus fimilia, in lacinias tenuiores' vero divifa et petiolis brevioribus inlidentia, tan- dem linearia, felfilia. Petioli cum vaginis hirfuti. PEDUNCULI teretes. CALYX: Perianthium pentaphyllum, patens, fla- vefcens, pilofum, foliolis ovatis, concavis, obtufis, margine membranaceis, fig. i. COROLLA: Petala quinque flava, nitentia, fub- cordata nunc emarginata, nunc integra, fig- 2- STAMINA: Filamenta plurima, apice paululum dilatata, fig. 5, 4. Anthers flavae, fub- incurvatae, obtufae, fig. 4. NECTARIUM: fquamula emarginata, ad bafm petalorum, fig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germina numerofa, in capitulum colleda. Styli nulli; Stigmata reflexa, fig- 6. SEMINA: plurima, fubrotunda, comprefla, fufca, apice reflexa, fig. 7. Mod of the Ranunculi or Crowfoots are acrid, and in fome degree poifonous, and the fpecies above defcribed pofleffes this property in a very considerable degree; hence Linnaeus has given it the name of acris; even pulling up the plant and carrying it to fome little diftance we have known fufficient to produce a confiderable inflammation in the palm of the perfon’s hand who held it. Cattle in general will not eat it, yet fometimes when they are turned hungry into a new field of Grafs, or have but a fmall fpot to range in, they will feed on it, and hence their mouths, as we have been credibly informed, have become fore and bliftered. When made into hay it lofes its acrid property, but is too (lalky and hard to afford good nourifhment. It fhould feem therefore to be the intereft of the Farmer as much as poflible to root out this fpecies from his Meadows, that its place may be fupplied with good fweet grafs. It grows too frequently in mod of our Meadows, and flowers in June and July. The common people about Town and in many parts of the Country call this and the other yellow Crowfoots by the names of Butter-cups and Butter-flowers, and this name feems to have originated from a fuppofition that the yellow colour of butter was owing to thefe plants; that this (hould be the cafe feems fcarce probable, certainly it receives no good tafle from it. Caltha Palustris. Marsh-Marigold. CALTHA Linn, Gen. Pl. Polyandria Polygynia. Cal. o. Petala quinque. Neftaria o Capful# plures polyfpermae. Rah Syn. Herb.*: multisiliqu* seu corniculata. CALI HA paluflris. Linn. Syjl, Veg. p. 432. PI. Succ. 198. CALTHA Haller Hijl. hclv, p. 32. n. 1188. POPULAGO palujlris. Scopoli FI. Cam. p. 404. CALTHA paluflris flore fimplici. Bauh. Pin. 276. POPULAGO. Fokrnefort Fabernannont. CALTHA paluflris Vulgaris fimplex. Park, 1213. CALTHA palufl ris major. Ger. emac. 817. Rail Syn. 272. Marfh-Marigold. Hudfon FI. Angl. p. 214. RADIX perennis, e plurimis fibris, teretibus, majuf culis, albidis, conflans. CAULES ex eadem radice nafcuntur plures, fuberedi. pedales, fiftulofi, pene teretes, glabri, ramoli, ad bafin purpurei. bOLIA radicaha petiolata, cordato-reniformia, glabra, crenata, cauhna fubfeflilia, ad apicem acutiora, et acute crenata. SlIPULrE fufcae, membranaceae, marcefcentcs. RAMI dichotomi. PEDUNCULI uniflori, eredi, fulcati. CALYX nullus. COROLLA: Pe tala plerumque quinque, flava, magna, fubrotundo-ovata, plana, patentia, fuperne non fplendentia, fg, 1. STAMINA: Filamenta numerofa, filiformia, Co- rolla breviora; Anthers oblongae, com- preflae, incurvatae, flavae, fg. 2. PISTILLUM: G ermina quinque ad decem, oblonga, comprefla, erecta; Styli nulli; Stigmata fimplicia, Jig. 3. PERICARPIUM : Ca psuLaE totidem, acuminatae, patentes, futura fuperiore dehifcentes, fg. 4. SEMINA plurima, fubovata, pulchra, inferne olivacea, fuperne rufa, fg. 5. ) ROOT perennial, confifting of numerous, round* large, white fibres. i STALKS : feveral arife from the fame root, almoft up- • rlght, about a foot high, hollow, nearly round, fmooth, branched, and purple at bottom. LEAVES; the radical leaves placed on long foot-flalks betwixt an heart and kidney fhape, fmooth' fhining, and notched or crenated; the leaves' of the stalk nearly felfile, more pointed at top, and fharply crenated. STIPULAI brown, membranous and withered. BRANCHES dichotomous. PEDUNCLES fupporting one flower, upright, and grooved. CALYX wanting. COROLLA generally confifts of five large Petals of a roundilh ovate fhape and yellow colour, flat, fpreading, and without any glofs on the* upper fide. Jig, i. STAMINA: Filaments numerous, filiform, fhorter than the Corolla; An th e r m oblong, flat, bend- ing inward, and of a yellow colour. Jig. 2. PISTILLUM: Germina from five to ten, oblono- flattifh, and upright; Styles none; Stig- mata Ample, 7^3. SEED-VESSEL : as many Capsules as Germina pointed, and fpreading, opening at the fupe- rior future, fg. 4. r SEEDS numerous, fomewhat ovate, beautiful, at bot- tom of an olive, and at top of a’reddifh colour, fg. 5. Linnaeus informs us that the .Caltha is the firft flower which proclaims the Spring in Lapland aad that it bcgms to blow about the end of May with us .t ufually flowers in March and April, and laft Spring ,77r this plant was found in bloflbm in the month of February, fo remarkably forward was the fpring of that year 7 It grows in wet Meadows and by the fides of Rivers, where it makes a very noble appearance and when double, is often cultivated in gardens, where it will grow very readily if the foil be favourable. In the country, children collett it to ornament their garlands on May-day. 0fICHRrYSOMELAObrerVe’ animals> but thc flowers are often deftroyed by a fpecies Haller fays that it is acrid and cauflic and yet that it is eaten by Cows. The flower buds are pickled and ufed as capers. tfrtfvruzy Verbena Officinalis. Vervain. VERBENA. Linn. Gen. PL D IDYNAMIA GyMNOSPERMIA. Raii Gen. 14. Suffrutices, et herb/e verticillata;. VERBENA officinalis, tetrandra, Epicis filiformibus/paniculatis; foliis multifido-laciniatis, caule * folitario. Linn. Syfl. Veg. p. 62. VERBENA foliis tripartitis rugofis, Epicis nudis graciliffimis. Haller Hifl. v. 1. p. g6. VERBENA communis cseruleo flore. Bank. Pin. 269. mas, feu refta et vulgaris. Park. 674. com- munis. Ger. 664. Rail Syn. 236. Hndfon FI. Angl. p. 505. Scopoli FI. Cam. p. 433. RADIX perennis, lignofa, crafiitie digiti minimi, raro major, in .terram profunde penetrans, fibrofa, lutefcens, fapore fubamaro. CAULES plerumque plures ex eadem radice, erefli, pedales aut bipedales, quadrangulares, duo latera excavata, duo fubconvexa, iulcata, idquc alterne, aculeis brevibus armati, brachiati. 1 i FOLIA oppofita, fefiilia, venofa, profunde dentata, aut incila, ad bafin an pulliora. 7 O FLORES in (picas longas, filiformes, ereftas difpofiti, J3r acte a ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, calyce breviore fuffuiti, 11. CALYX: Per ianthium monophyllum, angulatum, quinquedentatum, denticulo quinto minimo, per- fidens, fig. 1, 2, 3. COROLLA monopetala, inaequalis, purpurafcens. Tu- bus cylindraceus, incurvatus; Faux villofa, fig. 5; Limbus quinquefidus, laciniis rotun- datis, fubaequalibus, fig. 4. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor breviffima, vix confpicua, Anthers quatuor, quarum duae breviores reliquis, ejufdem formae cum Didy- namiis, fig. 6. PISTILLUM: Germen tetragonum, Stylus filifor- mis apice paululum incraflatus; Stigma obtufum, fig. 7. PERICARPIUM nullum, Calyx continens Semina. SEMINA quatuor, oblonga, obtufa, interne planiufcula alba, externe fufca, convexa, fiulcato - reticulata, fiz. 8, Q, 10. ROOT perennial, woody, about the thickness of the little finger, feldom larger, running deep into the earth, fibrous, of a yellowifh colour, and flightly bitter tafte. STALKS: in general feveral arife from the fame root, upright, from one to two feet high, four fquare, two fides hollowed out, two roundifh and groo- ved, and that alternately, armed with ftiort prickles, the branches alternately oppofite. LEAVES oppofite, felfile, veiny, deeply indented or cut in, narrowed at bottom, FLOWERS difpofed in long filiform ereft fpikes, fup- ported by an ovate pointed Floral-leaf (horter than the Calyx, fig- ii- CALYX; a Perianth; u m of one leaf, quinquedentate, the fifth tooth exceedingly minute, continuing, fig• U 2, 3. - COROLLA raonopetalous, unequal, purplifh, the Tube cylindrical and crooked, the Mouth villous, " fig. 5 ; the Limb divided into five Jegments, which are round and nearly equal, fig. 4. STAMINA: four Filaments very fliort and fcarce confpicuous, four An th er£ two of which are above the others, of the fame form with thofe of the Clafs Didynamia in general, fig. 6. PISTILLUM: the Germen four fquare, the Style filiform, growing thicker towards the extre- mity, the Stigma obtufe, fig. 7. PERICARPIUM wanting,theCalyx containing the Seeds. SEEDS four, oblong, obtufe, on the infide flattifh and white, on the outfide brown, convex, grooved and reticulated, fig. 8, q, 10. The Vervain may be confidered as a kind of domeflic plant, not confined to any particular foil, but growing by the road fides, pretty univerfally at the entrance into Towns and Villages. It produceth its bloffoms in the months of Auguft and September. There is only one fpecies of this Genus which grows wild in this country, but in different parts of the world the fpecies are numerous, and what is remarkable, feme have four and others but two Stamina, hence Linnaeus ranks them among his Diandrous plants, making a divifion of them into fuch as have fores Diandri and flores Tetrandri. As our fpecies hath four Stamina, two of which are above the other two, as the Style proceeds from the centre of the four united Germina, and as four naked feeds follow, which are contained within the Calyx, we have placed it with Scopoli among the Didynamia Gymnofpermia plants, a Clafs to which the botanic Student, who had been inffrucled in the Linneean principles of Botany, would readily have been induced to refer it. The feed of this plant has fomething remarkably curious in its appearance, on the infide it is of a fnowy white, externally brown, and beautifully reticulated. The Plant which the Romans called Verbena, appears to have been ufed on particular occafions at a very early period, as a token of mutual confidence betwixt them and their enemies. It was alfo conftantly applied to the purpofes of fuperftition and enchantment, in making wreaths and brooms for their altars, and chaplets for their priefts. It is probable from Pliny’s account, that the plant which we now deferibe was the fame with that of the ancients, but in a larger fenfe, they called the Laurel and Myrtle or whatever was bound round the altar, Verbena. The dry harfh nature of this herb, agrees but ill with the pinguis Verbena of Virgil, perhaps it acquired that title from being anointed with the fat of the facrifice. In latter times Vervain has been accounted a fovereign remedy in a multitude of diforders; Schroder recommends it in upwards of thirty different complaints, on which Mr. Ray judicioufly obferves “Mirum tot viribus pollere plantam nulla inflgni qualitate fenflbih dotatamI ” ftrange that a plant which inherits no remarkably fenfible quality fhould poff’efs fo many virtues! Mr. Morley, a late writer on the Vervain, confiders it as extremely ufeful in the cure of the Schrophula or King’s Evil, and in his Effay on the nature and cure of Schrophulous Difeafes, has given us a figure of the plant with particular directions for its ufe, which confiffs in hanging the root (which is to be of a larger or fmaller fize according to the age of his patients) tied with a yard of white latin ribband round the neck, there to be worn till they recover. Thofe who know any thing of the effeCfs of medicines on the human body, will not eafily be perfuaded that fuch a kind of application can produce any very wonderful effedt in this cafe, even making the greateff allowance for the powers of the imagination; and Mr. Morley, as if fenfible of the inefficacy of his Vervain Amulet* calls to his affiftance a number of powerful medicines, among others we find Mercury, Antimony, Hemlock, Jalap, &c. and by a repeated and oftimes a long continued application of Baths, Cataplafms, Ointments, Poultices, Plafters, See. and the exhibition of gentle purges and alterative medicines, fome have been relieved and others cured; but can any one hence infer with any degree of reafon that the Vervain Root had any lhare in the cure? certainly no; out of all Mr. Morley’s cafes there is not one which proves it, and the virtues of this plant dill remain to be afeertained by rational experiments. It fhould be obferved that the Schrophula is a difeafe which at certain periods of life and at certain feafons of the year, is liable to be much worfe than at others, and frequently exceeding bad cafes of this kind have been cu red by themoff fimple applications. Many people have no doubt applied to Mr. Morley, from a fuppofitioii that his motives were perfeCfly difin- tereffed, and it muff be confefled that there are Empirics much more mercenary and infinitely more dangerous ; yet it does not appear but Mr. Morley aCis nearly on the fame principle with other Practitioners in Phyfick, with this difference indeed, that they receive their fees in fpecie, he takes his in kind. That we may not be thought to a6l difingenuouffy by Mr. Morley, we (hall quote his own words,—“Many, many Guineas have been offered me, but I never take any money. Sometimes indeed genteel people have lent me fmall acknowledgements of Tea, Wine, Venifon, &c. Generous ones, fmall Pieces of Plate pr other little Prefents* Even neighbouring Farmers, a Goofe or Turkey, Sec. by way of Thanks* Lamium Purpureum. Red Lamium or Dead Nettle. LAMIUM. Linn. Gen. PL Didynamia Gymnospermia. Corolla labium fuperius integrum, fornicatum, labium inferius bilobum ; faux utrinque margine dentata. Linn. Dejcrip. Gen. abbrev. Raii Syn. Gen. 14. Suffrutices et herb.® verticil la t , LAMIUM purpureum foliis cordatis obtufis petiolatis. Limi. Syft. Veg. p. 446. Sp. Pl. 809. FI. Suec. 203. LAMIUM foliis cordatis, obtufis, in fummo ramo congeftis. Haller Hijl. v. 1, 118 LAMIUM purpureum. Scopoli FI. Carn. p. 407. n. 701. LAMIUM purpureum faetidum, folio fubrotundo, live Galeoplis Diofcoridis. Bauh. Pin. 230. Lamium rubrum. Ger. emac. 703. Park. 604. Raii Syn. Small Dead Nettle or red Archangel, 240. Hudfon FI. Angl. 225. CEder FI. Dan. icon. 523. RADIX annua, fibrofa. CAULES plures, ad bafm debiles, et ramofi, prope fummitatem fere nudi, et faspe colorati, femi- pedales, quadrangulares, fiftulofi, fcrabiufculi. FOLIA oppofita, venofa, hirfutula, inferiora fubro- tundo-cordata, crenata, longe petiolata; fit- periora ovato-cordata, obtufe ferrata, petiolis • brevibus infidentia, alterne oppofita, reflexa, denfe et imbricatim congefta, et rubedine tin6la. FLORES purpurei, in fummis caulibus verticillatim denfius ftipati. Verticilli multiflori. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, tubulatum, fuperne patens, quinquedentatum, fubftri- atum, hirfutulum, dentibus fubaequalibus, acuminatis, yfsp 1. COROLLA monopetala, ringens, pallide purpurea, fig. 2; tubus brevis, cylindraceus, fig. 6; faux inflata, margine utroque bidentata, fig. 4; denticulo fuperiori fpinas fimili, infe- riore obtufiore, macula notata; labium fupe- rius, fig. 3, ovatum, concavum, villofulum, integrum, labium inferius bilobum, macula- turn, lobis patentibus, fig. 5. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, fubulata, alba, fub labio fuperiori tetla, quorum duo longiora, fig. 7; Anther/E oblongas, barbatas, polline croceo repletae, fig. 8. PISTILLUM: Germen quadrifidum; Stylus filifor- mis, longitudine et fitu flaminum; Stigma bifidum, acutum, fig. 9, 10, 11. SEMINA 4 in fundo calycis, pallida, triangularia, apice truncata, marginata, 12. ROOT annual and fibrous. STALKS feveral, at bottom weak and branched, near the top almoft naked, and frequently coloured, fix inches or more in height, quadrangular, hollow, and (lightly rough. LEAVES oppofite, veiny, (lightly hairy, the lower ones of a roundifh heart-fhaped form, notched, and placed on foot-ftalks; the uppermoft ones ovate-heart-fhaped, obtufely lerrated, with fliort foot-ftalks, alternately oppofite, growing thickly together, bent back and laying one over another, of a reddifh colour, FLOWERS purple, growing thickly together on the tops the {talks in whorls; many flowers in each whorl. CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, tubular, at top fpreading, with five teeth, fomewhat ftriated and hairy, the teeth nearly equal and long pointed, i. COROLLA monopetalous, gaping, of a pale purple colour,yfg. 2; the tube fhort and cylindrical, fig. 6; the entrance OF the tube inflated, the margin on each fide furnifhed with two teeth, fig, 4; the uppermoft pointed like a thorn, the lowermoft blunter with a fpot on it; the upper lip,fig. 3, oval, hollow, flightly villous, entire, the under lip divided into two lobes, fpreading a little from one another, and fpotted, fig. 5. STAMINA: four Filaments, tapering and white, hid under the upper lip, two of which are longer than the reft, fig. 7; the Anthers oblong, bearded, and full of a yellow pollen, fig. 8. PISTILLUM: Germen quadrifid; Style filiform, the length of the Stamina; Stigma bifid and pointed, fig. 9, 10, 11. SEEDS 4 in the bottom of the Calyx, pale brown, triangular, cut off as it were at top, with a margin round them, fig, 12. Although this plant may perhaps with propriety be confidered as a weed in gardens, yet the bright colour of its tops and flowers, joined to its early appearance, contributes not a little to ornament our banks in the Spring, when few other plants appear in bloflbm. The flowers are mofl commonly of a bright red colour, fometimes white, and are much reforted to by Bees of various kinds. The leaves and flowers are thofe parts of the plant which are ufed in medicine, although in the prefent praflice they are fcarcely regarded. According to Linn.eus, it is boiled in Upland, a province of Sweden, as a pot herb. A variety of this plant occurs not unfrequently about town, which has its leaves more deeply indented. Ray calls it Lamium rubrum ■minus, foliis profunde incifis. I have found it growing on a bank on the right-hand fide of the way between Pifnlico and Chelfiea. < / ; . ()Cy//y/f// //,1 s/r/ ////'j. Thymus Acinos. Basil Thyme. THYMUS. Linn. Gen. PL Didynamia Gymnospermia. Calycis bilabiati faux villis claufa. Rail Syn. Gen. 14. Suffrutices et herb#, verticillat^:. THYMUS Acinos caulibus adfcendentibus, foliis dentato-ferratis, calycibus bafi ventricolis. THYMUS Acinos floribus verticillatis, pedunculis unifloris, caulibus cre£lis fubramofis, foliis acutis, ferratis. Linn. Syfi. Veget ab. p. 452. Flor. Suecic. p. 209. CLINOPODIUM foliis ovatis acutis ferratis, flore foliis breviore, Haller Hiji. Helv. n. 237. THYMUS Acinos. Scopoli FI. Carniol. p. 426. n. 735. CLINOPODIUM arvenfe ocimi facie. Bauh. Pin. p. 225 CLINOPODIUM minus five vulgare. Parkinfon 21. OCYMUM fylveflre. Gerard e mac. 675. ACINOS multis. Bauh. Hifi. 32. 259* Rati Syn. p. 238. Wild Bafll, Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 23O. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa. CAULES adfcendentes, femipedales, tetragoni, ramofi, hirfuti, purpurafcentes; Rami cauli fimiles, longi, patentes, imi oppofiti. FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, ovato-acuta, medium inte- rius petiolo proximum integrum,, exterius mucroni proximum dentatum, margines pau- lulum reflexi, ciliati, nervo medio venifque fubtus hirfutis, fuperne vix hirfuta, impunc- tata, venis quam in ferpyllo profundius ex- aratis. FLORES pedunculati, verticillati, fpicati, plerumque fex in fingulo verticillo. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, tubulatum, bafi ventncofum, ftriatum, hirfutum, quinque- dentatum, dentibus tribus fuperioribus bre- vioribus, reflexis, inferioribus fetaceis, fauce villis claufo, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, tubulofa, purpurea, bila- biata, labium fuperius brevius, obtufum, re- flexum, emarginatum, inferius trifidum, laci- niis fubrotundis, medio produdfiore fubemar- ginato, macula alba, lunulata, prominente, notata, 4’ 5* STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor* quorum duo lon- giora, Corolla breviora; Antherparvae, rubrae, fig. 6. PISTILLUM: Germen quadripartitum; Stylus fi- liformis, longitudine Staminum ; Stigma bi- fidum, acutum, fig. 7. PERICARPIUM nullum. SEMINA quatuor, oblonga, intra Calycem, fig. 8, 9. ROOT annual, fimple, and fibrous. STALKS afcending, about fix inches high, fquare, branched, hirfute, purplifh ; Branches like the ftalk, long, fpreading, the bottom ones oppofite. LEAVES oppofite, Handing on foot-ftalks, of a pointed oval lhape, the inner middle part of them next the foot-fialks entire, the outer middle part next the point indented, the edges turned a little back and ciliated, the midrib and veins on the under fide of the leaf hirfute, the up- per furface of the leaves fcarcely hairy, with- out any dots, the veins deeper than in the common Wild Thyme. FLOWERS growing on foot-ftalks, in whorls, forming a fpike, generally fix in each whorl. CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, tubular, belly- ing out at bottom, flriated, hirfute, having five teeth, the three uppermofl of which are fhortefl and turned back, the lower ones flender and tapering, the mouth ciofed up with fhort hairs, fig-i- COROLLA monopetalous, tubular, purple, having two lips, the uppermoft of which is fhortefl;, blunt, turned back, with a flight notch in it; the lowermoft divided into three roundifh fegraents, the middle one of which is longer than the others, very flightly notched in, and marked with a raifed, white, Jemilunar fpot, „ fig-3>'4.5-, STAMINA: four Filaments, two long and two fhort, within the Corolla; Anthers fmall and red. Jig. 6. PISTILLUM: G ermen divided into four parts; Style filiform, the length of the Stamina; Stigma bifid, and acute, fig. 7. SEED-VESSEL none. SEEDS four, oblong, within the Calyx, fig. 8, 9. As there are only two (pedes of Thyme growing wild in this kingdom, and thofe very different from each other, the young Botanifl cannot be at a lofs in diftinguifliing them ; with the Thymus alpinus (figured by that accurate Botanifl Jacquin, in his FI. Aufiriac, who has contributed much to the advancement of botanic knowledge) this plant has a much greater affinity, but may be diftinguiffied by attending to the fize of the flowers, and the (hape of the Calyx: the flowers of the alpinus are nearly twice as large as thofe of the Acinos, and the Calyx of the latter has a protuberance at its bafe which we do not find either in the alpinus, or Serpyllum ; a white circular mark in the mouth of the flowers makes the bloffoms of this fpecies ftrikingly different from thofe of Wild Thyme. * The mod common place of growth for this plant is in uncultivated fields, particularly where the foil is chalky; about Charlton it is found in abundance, flowering in July and Auguft. A variety wTith a white flower fometimes occurs. The fame agreeable aromatic flower predominates in this fpecies as in the Wild Thyme, whence it is probable that their virtues are very fimilar. Odontites. Euphrasia Odontites. Red Eye-Bright. EUPHRASIA. Linn. Gen. PI. Didynamia Angiospermia. Raii Syn. Gen. Herbie fructu sicco singulari monopetalo. EUPHRASIA Odontites foliis linearibus: omnibus ferratis. Linn. Syft. Vegetab. Sp.PLp.%41. FL Suecic. p. 213. tf. 544. ODONTITES bra&aeis ferratis hirfutis. Haller Hiji, v. 1. p. 134. n. 304. EUPHRASIA Odontites. Scopoli FI. Cam. p. 433. EUPHRASIA pratenfis rubra. Batch. Pin. p. 234. EUPHRASIA pratenfis rubra major. Parkinfon 1329. CRATAIOGONON Euphrofyne. Ger, emac. 91. Rail Syn. p* 284. Eye-bright Cow-wheat. Hudfon FI. Angl. p. 234. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa, lignea. CAULIS ere£lus, ramofiflimus, femipedalis, ad bipe- dalem, hirfutus, obtufe quadrangularis. RAMI cauli fimiles, oppofiti. FOLIA alterne oppofita, feflilia, lineari-lanceolata, re- flexa, rariter dentata, hirfutula, venofa, venis parvis, fubtus hirfutis. BRACTEyE lanceolatse, fubereHae, purpurafcentes. FLORES fpicati, fecundi, fpicis apice fubnutantibus. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, tiibulofum, quadridentatum, hirfutum, dentibus aequali- bus, acutis, fig* 1. COROLLA monopetala, ringens, labium fuperius concavum, fubemarginatum, inferius tripar- titum, laciniis obtufis, aequalibus, Jig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, quorum duo paulo breviora, alba; Anthers bilobae, bilocu- lares, apice filamentofae, bafl fpinulis duabus terminatae, deorfum ubi filamentum inferitur appendiculis clavatis pluribus inftru&ae, Jig. 3> 4> 5* PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum, hirfutulum; Stylus filiformis, in flore nondum explicato fub labio fuperiore Corollae involutus, poftea Corolla longior; Stigma capitatum, Jig. 6. PERICARPIUM: Capsula ovato-oblonga, comprefla, bilocularis, Jig. 7. SEMINA plurima, albida, ftriata, Jig. 8. ROOT annual, Ample, fibrous, and woody. STALK upright, Very much branched, from fix inches to two feet high, hirfute, and obtufely fquare. BRANCHES like the flalk and oppofite. LEAVES alternately oppofite, feflile, betwixt linear and lanceolate, turning back, thinly indented, flightly hirfute, veiny, veins few and hirfute underneath. BRACTETL lanceolate, nearly upright, purplifh. FLOWERS growing in fpikes of a red colour, in- clined all one way, the fpikes nodding a little at top. CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, tubular, qua- dridentate, hirfute, the teeth equal and fharp, fig-i- COROLLA monopetalous, gaping, the upper lip con- cave and flightly notched in; the lower lip divided into three, obtufe, equal fegments, fig-2- STAMINA: four Filaments, two fomewhat longed, white; Anthera compofed of twTo lobes and two cavities, at top thready, at bottom ter- minated by two little fpines, and on the back part where the filament is inferted, furnifhed with feveral fmall club-fhaped threads or ap- pondages, fig.3, 4, 5. PISTILLUM: G ermen ovate, hirfute; Style fili- form, before the flower opens bent in under- neath the upper lip of the Corolla; afterwards longer than the Corolla; Stigmata forming a little head, fig. 6. SEED-VESSEL an oval* oblong, flattifli Capsule, of two cavities, fig. 7. SEEDS feveral, whitifh, and ftriated, fig. 8. This fpecies of Eye-bright, which is exceedingly different from the common fort, grows very common in paftures, fometimes in corn-fields, and flowers in July and Augufl;: it differs very much in fize according to the place it grows in, and is now and then found with white flowers. It is not remarked either for its beauty or utility. AntirrhinumCymbalaria. Ivy-leav’d Antirrhinum. ANTIRRHINUM Linncei Gen. PL Didynamia Angiospermia. Raii Syn. Herb.® fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalo. ANTIRRHINUM Cymbalaria foliis cordatis quinquelobis alternis, caulibus procumbentibus. Linncei Syfl. Vegetab. p. 454. Sp. FI. p. 851. ANTIRRHINUM caule repente, foliis reniformibus, quinquelobatis. Haller hijl. p. 146. n. 339. ANTIRRHINUM Cymbalaria Scopoli FI. Carniol. n. 776. CYMBALARIA Bauhin pin. 306. LINARIA hederaceo folio glabro, feu Cymbalaria vulgaris. Tourn. 169. Garidel, 287. Gouan. Fl. Monjp.p. 100. Gerard FL Galloprov. p. 292. Raii Syn. p. *282. Hudfion FL Angl.p. 237. Tota Planta glabra, cum odore ingrato. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, intra fiffiuras murorum pe- netrans ; eradicatione difficilis. CAULES plures, confertim nafcuntur, bali repentes, procumbentes, ramofi, teretes, glabri, purpu- rafcentes, nervo intus duriore et tenaciore licut in Alline. The whole plant fmooth, with a difagreeable fmell. ROOT perennial, fibrous, penetrating between the crevices of the walls, and fcarce to be eradi- cated. STALKS numerous, growing in a kind of tuft, creep- ing at bottom, procumbent, branched, round, fmooth, purplilh, and ilringy as in Chick- weed. LEAVES quinquelobate, fmooth, fomewhat flelhy, fome of them oppofite, others alternate, fre- quently purplifh. Jig, 12. FOLIA quinquelobata, glabra, fubcarnofa, oppofita, aut alterna, faepe purpuralcentia, Jig. 12. PETIOLI longi, fuperne fulc'ati. FOOT-STALKS of the leaves long, on the upper part grooved. PEDUNCULI teretes, petiolis paulo longiores. FOOT-STALKS of the flowers, round, a little longer than the foot-ftalks of the leaves. CALYX: Perianthium quinquepartitum, laciniis lanceolatis, perfidentibus, Jig. i. CALYX: a Perianthium divided into five fegments, which are lanceolate and continuing, Jig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, ringens; Tubus brevis,fig, 6; Limbus bilabiatus, labium fluperius bifidum, reflexum, purpureum, venis duabus flaturaliori- bus flriatum, fig. 2. inferius trifidum, laciniis fubrotundis, 3 ; Palatum promi- nens, bifidum, flavum, fig. 5 ; Faux villoflum, croceum. COROLLA monopetalous, ringent; the Tube (hort, fig. 6; the Limb divided into two lips ; the upper lip bifid, turning back, and purple, firi- ped with two veins of a deeper colour, Jig, 2 ; the lower lip trifid, the fegments round and whitilh, fig. 3 ; the Palate prominent, bifid, and yellow, fig. 4; the Mouth or entrance into the tube villous and faffron-coloured. NECTARY purple, conical, the length of the Calyx, fis■ 5■ NECTARIUM purpureum, conicum, longitudine calycis, Jig.5. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, duo breviora; Anther.e bilobae, albae, conniventes, Jig. 7. PISTILLUM: G ermen fubrotundum, purpureum ; Stylus filiformis; Stigma obtufum, Jig. 8. PERICARPIUM Capsula fubrotunda, rugofa, femi- nibus protuberantibus, bivalvis, valvis apice in plures lacinias dehifcentibus, Jig. 9, 10. SEMINA nigra, fubrotunda, rugofa, fig. 10. STAMINA: four Filaments, two fhort and two long; Anther.e compofed of two lobes, white and connivent, fig. 7. PISTILLUM: Germen roundifh and purple ; Style filiform ; Sti gm a blunt, Jig. 8. SEED-VESSEL a roundifh Capsule, furface uneven, from the feeds protuberating, of two valves, which open at top into feveral laciniae, fig, 9, 10. SEEDS black, roundifh and wrinkled, fig. 10. This Species of Antirrhinum is fo perfectly di(lin6l from all the others which grow wild in this country, that there is no poffibility of rnifiaking it. It is found in great plenty in all thofe parts near London that lay within the reach of the Thames ; the feeds are carried by the flux and reflux of the tide up and down the river, and left at high water mark in the crevices of old walls, where they take root and increafe very faff. It is fup- pofed to have been introduced to us from Italy, whether for the purpofes of ornament or medicine is uncertain. The Walls of the Phyfic-Garden, at Chelfea, from whence it has probably originated in this country, are plentifully covered with it; it may alfo be found on the Femple Walls, and at the fides of the flream running under Vauxhall Turnpike. In fome fituations the leaves grow7 much larger than thofe of the annexed fpecimen. // \ ' C (?////'/'////'/"/< f]>/// />n/s//7s/. ty Antirrhinum E lati ne. Sharp-Pointed Fluellin. ANTIRRHINUM. Linn, Gen. PL Didynamia Angiospermia. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. Herb.® fructu sicco singulari, flore monope- TALO I*RREGULARI, ANTIRRHINUM foliis hadatis alternis, caulibus procumbentibus. Linn. Sp. PL 85. ANTIRK.HINUM caule procumbente, foliis ballatis, imis conjugatis, fuperioribus alternis. Haller Hiji. v. 1. p. 14. 6. n. 340. ELATINE folio acuminato, in bafi auriculato, flore luteo, Bauhf Pin, p. 253. ELATINE folio acuminato. Parkinfion 553. ELATINE altera. Ger. emac. 623, LINARIA Elatine di£la, folio acuminato. Raii Syn. *282, ANTIRRHINUM Elatine, Hudfion FI. Angl. p. 237. Scopoli FI. Cam, p. 444. Ocder FI. Dan* Ic. 42 6. TOTA PLANTA pilofa. RADIX fibrofa, annua, albida. CAULES numerofi, teretes, fubramofi, in junioribus plantis fubereGi, tandem procumbentes, ad duos pedes et ultra faepe extend. THE WHOLE PLANT hairy. ROOT fibrous, annual, whitifh. STALKS numerous, round, a little branched, in the young plants nearly upright, in the old ones trailing on the ground, frequently to the difiance of two feet or more. LEAVES {landing on foot-ftaiks, the bottom leaves roundifh and oppofite, the next to thofe are indented and alternate, and thofe which follow are for the rnofl part haftate, PEDUNCLES alternate, pendulous, the length of, and proceeding from the Alae of the leaves. CALYX; a Perianthium divided into five fegments perfifting, the fegments lanceolate, fig, 1. COROLLA monopetalous, ringent, and yellow; the tube very fhort; the limb divided into twTo lips, the upper lip bifid, the fegments obtufe, and purple underneath ; the lower lip trifid, the fegments obtufe, the middle one longed and leaft; the palate prominent and yel- low, 7%. 2; the Nectarium the length of the fegments of the Calyx, ffnall and taper- ,ing. fig- 3- STAMINA: four Filaments, two of which are a little longer than the others ; the Anther as purplifii-brown, adhering together, fig. 4. PISTILLUM; the Germen roundifh, flattened, at top hairy ; the Style filiform, the length of the flamina, thickened at top and hooked ; the Stigma fimple, fig. 5, 6, 7. SEED-VESSEL: a round Capsule of two cavities and two valves, the valves round and con- cave, on falling off leaving a large hole in each fide of the Capfule, fig. 8, 9, 10. SEEDS black, and wrinkled, from 8 to 10 in each cavity, Jig. *2, FOLIA petiolata, ima fubrotunda, oppofita ; proxima dentata, alterna; quae fequntur magna ex- parte hallata. PEDUNCULI axillares, alterni, penduli, longitudine foliorum. CALYX: Perianthium quinquepartitum, perfidens fegmentis ovato-lanceoiatis acutis, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, ringens, flava; tubus bre- viflimus, limbus bilabiatus, labium fuperius , bifidum, fegmentis obtufis, inferne purpureis, inferius trifidum, fegmentis obtufis, medio produftiore, et paulo minore; palatum prominulum, flavum, fig. 2; Nectarium tubulatum, flavum, longitudine fegmentorura calycis, fig. 3. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, quorum duo paulo longiora; Anthers purpureo-fufcae, eoa- lefcentes, Jig. 4. PISTILLUM: Ge rmen fubrotundum, compreffum, apice villofum; Stylus filiformis, longitu- dine flaminum, apice incraffatus, uncinatus; Stigma fimplex, Jig. 5, 6, 7. PERICARPIUM : Capsula rotunda, bilocularis, bi- valvis, valvis deciduis, foramine magno in utroque latere capfulae reli6lo, valvae orbicu- latae, concavae, fig. 8, 9, 10. SEMINA nigra, rugofa, 8—-10 in fingulo loculamento, fig- !2- This fpecies of Antirrhinum grows generally in Corn-fields; and in fome parts of England is much more common than it is with us. In the Corn-fields about Peckham I have generally found it in bloom in July, Augud, and September, and even later. It very much refembles the Antirrhinum fpur ium in its general habit; but is readily didinguifhed by its pointed leaves. Some writers have confidered it- as poffefled of healing properties, and affirm that the exprefl’ed juice of the plant, or its diddled water taken inwardly and applied externally, has checked and cured fpreading and cancerous Ulcers; and Ray relates a dory from Lobel, of a poor Barber, who by the above ufe of this plant faved his nofe, which had been condemned to be cut off by feveral eminent Phyficians and Surgeons. f 1 rnfa/Wi/numyj[j/afrne. Antirrhinum Lin aria. Common Yellow T OAD - F LAX. ANTIRRHINUM Linncei Gen. Plf Didynamia Angiospermia, Raii Syn. Gen. 18. Herbie fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalo. ANTIRRHINUM Linaria foliis lanceolato-linearibus confertis, caule ere&o, fpicis terminalibus felfilibus, floribus imbricatis. Linn. Syfl, Vegetab. p. 466. FL Suec. 217. ANTIRRHINUM foliis linearibus adfcendentibus congeftis, caule erefto fpicato, Haller Hi/l. V. i. p. 145. LINARIA vulgaris lutea flore majore. Bauhin Pin. p. 212. LINARIA lutea vulgaris, Gerard, emac. 550. vulgaris noftras. Parkinfon 458. Raii Synop. p.* 281. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 238» Scopoli. FI. Carniol. p. 442. RADIX perennis, alba, dura, lignofa, per terram rep- tando immenfum fe propagans. CAULES plerumque plures ex eadem radice, erefti, pedales aut cubitales, foliofiftimi, teretes, laeves. FOLIA linearia, acuta, conferta, fparfa, glauca. FLORES lutei, palato croceo, in fummis caulibus in fpicas denfas imbricatim congefti. CALYX: Perianthium quinquepartitum, breve, perfiftens, laciniis ovato-lanceolatis, fuperi- ore caeteris paulo longiore, duabus inferiori- bus magis dehifcentibus, fg. 1. COROLLA monopetala ringens, lutea, fg. 3. Tu- bus brevis; Limbus bilabiatus, fg. 4. Labium fuperius bifidum, laciniis primum deflexis, poftea reflexis conniventibus, fg. 5. Labium inferius trifidum, laciniis obtufis, intermedio breviore minore, fg. 6. Faux claufa Palato prominente, bifido, croceo, ad bafm villofo, fig. 7. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, alba, fub labio fuperiori inclufa, quorum duo breviora, ad bafin villofa, fig. 9. Anthers flavae con- niventes, fig. 10, PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum, Stylus fili- formis, albus; Stigma obtufum. PERICARPIUM: Capsula ovato-cylindracea, bilo- cularis, apice in plures lacinias dehifcens, fig- 14. 15. lS; SEMINA numerofa, nigra, plana, medio extuberan- tia, fig. 17. ROOT perennial, white, hard, and woody, creeping under the earth, and propagating itfelf very much. STALKS : generally feveral arife from the fame root, upright, from one to two feet high, very full of leaves, round and fmooth. LEAVES linear, pointed, growing very thick toge- ther on the ftalk, without any regular order, fmooth, and of a blueilh colour. FLOWERS yellow, with the palate of an orange or faffron colour, placed one over another in thick fpikes on the top of the ftalks. CALYX: a Perianthium divided into five feg- ments fhort and continuing, the fegments oval and pointed, the upper one a little longer than the reft, the two inferior ones gaping wideft, fig. i. COROLLA monopetalous, ringent and yellow, 3. the Tube fhort; the Limb compofed of two Libs, Jig. 4. the upper Lip bifid, the feg- ments firft bending down, afterwards turned back and clofing together, fg. 5. the lower Lip trifid, the fegments obtufe, the middle one fhorteft and lead, Jig. 6. the Mouth clofed by a Palate prominent, bifid, of a faffron colour, and villous at bottom Jig. 7. STAMINA: four white Filaments, enclofed under the upper lip of the Corolla, two of which are fhorter than the other two, at bottom villous, fg. 9. Anthers yellow, flightly connected together, fg. 10. PISTILLUM: Germen roundifh, Style filiform and white ; Stigmata obtufe. SEED-VESSEL a Capsule of an oval and cylindri- cal fhape, having two cavities, and fplitting at top into feveral divifions, fg. 14, 15, 16. SEEDS numerous, black, flat, protuberant in the middle, fig. 17. Mr. Ray, in his Hifioria Plantarum, has collected the Authorities of feveral writers who fpeak highly of the medical virtues of this Plant. At the fame time that we by no means believe in all the Virtues which are at- tributed to many plants by the old Authors, we would be careful of rejedling all their accounts, particularly when there is fome reafon to think they may be founded in Truth; the mention of them may at leaft ferve to excite fuch of the Faculty as have proper opportunities to give them a fair trial, and either rejeci them entirely, or bring them more generally into pra6lice. According to fome it operates both by Stool and Urine ; and fo much by the latter, as to acquire among the Germans the name of Harnkrout. A fmall glafs of the diftilled water, mixed with a drachm of the Bark of the Ebulus or Water Elder in powder, powerfully provokes Urine, and is recommended in Dropfical Cafes, The diftilled water or juice of the Plant, put in the Eyes, takes away the rednefs and inflammation of them, as Tragus afferts, from his own long obfervation and experience. Made into an ointment with lard, and mixed with the yolk of egg, it takes away the violent pain arifing from the Piles. The flowers of this plant are frequently found double with two or more Spurs, and a Angular variety of it, which Linnaeus calls Peloria, is faid by Mr. Hudson to grow about Clapham in Surrey: this rare monftrofity we (hall not fail to figure. In its common ftate, the Toad-Flax grows very common on banks by the road fides, which it decorates not a little by its Angular and beautilul Flowers. It may with the greateft eafe be cultivated in Gardens, and raifecj either from Seeds or Roots. The Seed is ripe at the latter-end of September. / i2jtyi/f/wd/M//m/. . Digitalis Purpurea. Fox-Glove. DIGITALIS. Linn. Gen. PI. Did yn ami a An gio spermia Cal. 5-partitus. Cor. Campanulata, 5-fida, ventricola. Cap/. ovata5 bilocularis. Rail Syn. Gen. 18. Herbie fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalo. DIGITALIS purpurea calycinis foliolis ovatis acutis, corollis obtufis: labio fuperiore integro. Linn* Syfi. Vegetal, p. 570. Sp. P/. p. 866. DIGITALIS foliis calycinis ovatis, galea fimplici. Haller Hijl, p. 143. n. 330» DIGITALIS purpurea. Scopoli FI. Carmol. p. 447* ru 7^°* DIGITALIS purpurea folio afpero. Bauh. Pin. p, 243. DIGITALIS purpurea. Gerard, emac. 790. DIGITALIS purpm ■ea vulgaris. Parkinfon 1653. Rail Syn. p * 283. Purple Fox-glove, Hudfon FL Angi. p. 240. Oeder. FI. Dan. Icon. 774. ROOT biennial and fibrous. STALK from three to fix feet high, fimple, upright, leafy, round, and pubefcent or downy. LEAVES of a pointed oval fhape, ferrated, veiny, underneath whitifh and pubefcent; the foot- stalks fhort and winged. FLOWERS growing in a fpike, pendulous, laying one over another all one way. PEDUNCLES fuftaining one flower, pubefcent, thickeft at top, after the flower drops off, becoming nearly upright. CALYX: a Perianthium divided into five fegments, which are of an oval-pointed fhape, and ribbed, the uppermofl narrower than the reft, fig. i. COROLLA monopetalous, fomewhat bell-fhaped, pur- ple, and marked in the infide with little eyes; the tube large, fpreading, bulging out back- wards; the bafe cylindrical, and as if it had been tied with a ligature; the limb fmall and quadrifid, the upper fegment entire and as if cut off, the lower fegment larger and bent in. STAMINA; four Filaments inferted into the bottom of the Corolla, white, a little broadeft at top, crooked at bottom, two long and two fliort; Anther je at firft large, turgid, oval, touch- ing at bottom, of a yellowifh colour and often fpotted ; laftly, changing both their form and fituation in a lingular manner, fig. 2, 3, 4. PISTILLUM: Ge rmen rather conical, of a yellow green colour; Style fimple; Stigma bifid, M-5’ 6> 7- NECTARY a Gland furrounding the bottom of the Germen, fig. 8. SEED-VESSEL: a pointed ovate Capsule, of two cavities and two valves, the lowerraoft valve fplitting in two, fig. 9. SEEDS numerous, blackifh, fmall, as if cut off at each end, fig. 10. RADIX biennis, fibrofa.- CAULIS tripedalis ad orgyalem, fimplex, ereUus, fo- liofus, teres, pubefcens. FOLIA ovato-acuta, ferrata, venofa, fubtus albida, pu- befcentia; Petioli breves, alati. FLORES fpicati, nutantes, imbricati, fecundi. PEDUNCULI uniflori, pubefcentes, apice incraflati, peradla florefcentia fuberefti* CALYX: PeriantkiuM quinquepartitum, laciniis ovato-acuminatis, nervofis, fuprema aneuf- tiore, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, fubcampanulata, purpurea, interne ocellata; tubus magnus, patens, deorfum ventricofus, bafi cylindracea, artia; limbus parvus, quadrifidus, lacinia fuperiore integra quafi truncata, inferiore majore, in- flexa. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, bafi Corollae inferta, alba, apice paululum latiora, bafi infrafta, quorum duo longiora; Anthers primum magnae, turgidae, ovatae, bafi coadunatae, lu- tefcentes, et faepe maculatae; demum et forma et fitu mire mutantur, fig. 2, 3, 4. PISTILLUM: Germen fubconicum, luteo-virens; Stylus fimplex ; Stigma bifidum, fig. 5, G 'i /* ... NECTARIUM Glandula bafm Germinis cingens, fig. 8. . PERICARPIUM : Capsula ovato-acuminata, bilocu- laris, bivalvis, valvula inferiore findente, fis- 9-. . . SEMINA plurima, nigricantia, parva, utraque extre- mitate truncata, fig. 10. Was it not that we are too apt to treat with neglefl the beautiful plants of our own country, merely becaufe they are common and eafily obtained, the ftately and elegant Fox-glove would much oftener be the pride of our gardens than it is at prefent; for it is not only peculiarly linking at a diftance, but its flowers and their feveral parts become beautiful in proportion to the nearnefs of our view. How fingularly and how regularly do the bloftbms hang one over another ! how delicate are the little fpots which ornament the infide of the flower ! and, like the wings of fome of our fmall Butterflies, fmile at every attempt of the Painter to do them juftice ! how pleafing is it to behold the neftling Bee hide itfelf in its pendulous bloftbms, while extraHing its fweets, which furnifh our tables with honey, and our manufadfurers with wax ! Nor are the more interior parts of the flower lefs worthy of our admiration, or lefs adapted to the improvement of the young Botanift : here all the parts of the fructification being large, he will readily obtain a diftinH idea of them, but more particularly of the form of the Antherse, and the alteration which takes place in them, previous to and after the of the Pollen. J*g- 3’ 4- . . The flowers of this plant are in general of a fine purple colour, and, like all other purple flowers, are liable to variations; fometimes we find the bloftbms of a milk-white or cream colour, and fome other varieties of it are mentioned by Ray, but the white is the raoft common. Such as would wifh to cultivate it, may raife it either from feed, which is very fmall for the fize of the plant, or from young plants. It grows naturally in a dry and gravelly foil, and in fuch fituations is common enough over moft parts of England; about Charlton-Wood it is very plentiful, and flowers in July and Auguft. According to the teftimony of many writers, the juice or decodfion of this plant, taken inwardly, a£ls as an emetic and purgative, and that too with confiderable violence; hence Mr. Ray very properly advifes it to be given to fuch only as have robuft conftitutions. Parkinson affirms, that it is very efficacious in the cure of the Epilepfy; but he unites with it, in his prefeription. Polypody of the Oak, fo that there is no knowing to which of the plants the merit of curing this ftubborn difeafe is due. The flowers or herb, either bruifed or made into an ointment, are ftrongly recommended in fcrophulous tumours, and ulcers; and fo great an opinion have the Italians of its virtues as a vulnerary, that they have the following proverb concerning it, “ Aralda tutte le piaghe JaldaP Fox-glove cures all wounds. Rail Hill. Plant. _ / /s///n//,) Drab a Verna. Vernal Dr aba or Whitlow Grass. DRABA Limed Gen. PI. Tetradynamia Siltculosa. Raii Synop. Gen. 21. Herb.® siliquosas et siliculos^E. DRABA verna fcapis nudis, foliis fubferratis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 489. Flor. Suec. p. 223. DRABA cauliculis nudis, foliis fubhirfutis, fubdentatis. Haller, hijl. helv. 1. 215. BURSA PASTORIS minor loculo oblongo. Bauhin Pin. 108. 2. PARONYCHIA vulgaris. Gerard emac. 624. Raii Syn. 292. Hadfon FI. Angl. 243. Scopoli Flor. Carniol. n. 792. RADIX fibrofa, annua. CAULES nudi, palmares, 1 ad 5 aut plures in folo fertili ex eadem radice nafcuntur. FOLIA ovato-lanceolata, bafi anguftiora integra et fubferrata (ferra nifi unica aut duo, raro plures) fuper terram expanfa, fcabriufcula, hirfuta, pili bi-trifurci. PEDUNCULI alterni, uniflori. CALYX: Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis erec- tis, concavis, gibbis, obtufis, fubhirfutis, fis- u COROLLA tetrapetala, petala alba, calyce duplo longiora, bipartita, fig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta fex, incurvata, quorum 4 longitudine Piftilli 2 breviora; Anthers flavae, fig. 3, 4. PISTILLUM : Germen ovatum, compreflum ; Sty- lus vix ullus ; Stigma capitatum, planum, fis■ 5■ PERICARPIUM: Silicula ovata, comprefla, brevi mucrone obtufo terminata, bilocularis, bi- valvis, valvulis plano-concavis, fig. 6, SEMINA plura, ovata, fufca, margini Dissepimenti affixa, fig. 8, 9. ROOT fibrous and annual. STALKS naked, about three inches high, one to five and frequently more, if the foil be rich, fpring from the fame root, LEAVES of an oval pointed fhape, narrower at bot- tom, fome of them entire, and others a little ferrated, or indented (feldom more than one or two indentations in a leaf) fpreading on the ground, roughifli, hirfute, fome of the hairs bifurcate, others trifurcate. PEDUNCLES alternate, uniflorous. CALYX: a Perianthium of four leaves, which are upright, hollow, gibbous, obtufe, and fome- what hairy, fig. i, COROLLA tetrapetalous, the petals white, twice the length of the calyx, and bipartite, fig. 2. STAMINA: fix Filaments which bend inward, 4 long, the height of the Piftillum, and 2 fliort; the Anthers yellow, fig. 3, 4. PISTILLUM: the G ermen oval and flat; Style fcarce any; Stigma a fmall head, flat at t°p, fig. 5. SEED-VESSEL a fliort oval pod, flat, and termi- nated by a fliort blunt point, having two cavities and two valves, the valves flightly concave, Jig. 6, SEEDS feveral, oval, brown, fixed to the edge of the Dissepiment or partition, fig. 8, 9. On walls, dry banks, and in barren fields, the* white bloflbms of this diminutive plant are very confpicuous in the months of March and April, a feafon when any kind of bloflbm is viewed with pleafure, as it cannot fail to excite the pleafing refleftion that the feafon is approaching when tf All that isfuoeet to fmell, all that can charm <£ Or eye or ear, burjs forth on every Jde} “ And crouds upon the fenfesL Linnaeus informs us, that in Smoland, a province of Sweden, they fow their rye when this plant is in bloflbm, and that in the night-time and in wet weather its flowers droop. Galen fays, that Paronychia or Whitlow-Grafs has its name from its properties, for it heals whitlows; but commentators are much in doubt concerning the plant itfelf. From the account of the ancients it appears, that it is a different plant from what we are now defcribing; fome have fixed on Wall Rue (Asplenium Rut a Mur aria); others on a plant refembling Spurge: fuch is the confufion that arifes from imperfe£l defcriptions. f V /w/a verna- f ' 'st/sM/f / (/y (V/'/a V, i ‘ /e• « / Thlaspi Bursa Pastoris. Shepherd’s Purse. THLASPI Linncei Gen, PL Tetradynamia Siliculosa. Silicula emarginata, obcordata, polyfperma : valvulis navicularibus. marginato-cannatis. Raii Syn. Gea. 21. Herbae tetrapetala siliquosa et siliculosa. THLASPI Burfa pa/ioris filiculis obcordatis, foliis radicalibus pinnatifidis. Linncei Sy/I. Vegetal, p. 491, Spec. P/. 903. FI, Suecic. 227. NASTURTIUM filiquis triangularibus, Fdaller Hi/t. v. 1. p. 221*. PASTORIA BURSA Fucjhii icon. 611 BURSA PASTORIS major folio firmato. Bauhin. Pin. 108. Gerard emac. 276. Parkinfoni Thcat.SGS. Rail Syn. 306. Hudfon. FI. Angi. 247. Scopoli. FI. Carniol. v. 2. 17. RADIX annua, fibrofa, albida. , CAULIS pedalis, ereftus, ramofus, teres, fubafper. * FOLIA radicalia hirfutula, pinnatifida, laciniis quoad | formam mire variantibus, caulina amplexi- , caulia, dentata. i PEDUNCULI uniflori, demum fere horizontales. CALYX: Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis ovatis, ( concavis, fubpilofis, margine membranaceis, 1 fis-i- 1 COROLLA : Petala quatuor, alba, calyce paulo * longiora, apice rotundata. Jig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta fex, alba, quorum quatuor ( longitudine Styli, duo breviora incurvata ; < Anther a: flavae, fg. 3. 1 PISTILLUM: Germen oblongo-cordatum; Stylus , breviffimus ; Stigma villofum, Jig. 4. ( PERICARP1UM: Silicula laevis, ohcordata, bivalvis, < fis- 5- \ SEMINA plurima, pedicellata, flavefcentia, margini ( Diffepimenti affixa, Jig. 6. , DISSEPIMENTUM utrinque acutum Valvis contra- 1 rium. * ROOT annual, fibrous and whitifh. STALK about a foot high, upright, branched, round, a little prickly. LEAVES : radical leaves flightly hirfute, pinnatifid, the laciniae or jags varying exceedingly in their form ; the upper leaves embracing the flalk, and indented at the edges. PEDUNCLES, fupporting one flower on each, nearly horizontal when the flowers are gone off. O X CALYX: a Perianthium of four leaves, the leaves ovate, hollow, flightly hairy, and membranous ' at the edges, Jig. i. COROLLA: four white Petals, a little longer than the Calyx, round at top. Jig. 2. STAMINA: fix white Filaments, four of which are of the fame length as the Style; two are fhorter and bent a little inwards : An- thers 3. PISTILLUM: Germen of an oblong heart-fhape; Style very fhort; Stigma villous, fg. 4. SEED-VESSEL ; a fhort frnooth pod, triangular or heart-Jhapedy with two valves, Jig. 6. SEEDS numerous, of a yellowifh colour, Handing on little foot-ftalks, which conneUs them to the edge of the Diffepimentum or 6. PARTITION pointed at both ends, placed crofs-ways to the Valves. The radical leaves of this plant differ fo exceedingly in their appearance, that the moft expert Botanifl is often obliged to have recourfe to its moft ftriking charaHer, the fhape of its Seed-veflels, before he can with certainty diftinguifh it. When it grows on walls and in dry fituaiions, the leaves are more deeply divided, and the Laciniae become much narrower; in cultivated ground they are broader and left jagged: it differs likewile no left with refpeH to its fize, fometimes being not more than two or three inches high, and at other times as many feet. March and April are the months in which it is found moft generally in bloffom, yet like the Groundfel and Poa armua, it may be found in this ftate at almoft any time of the year. It acquires its name of Shepherd's-Pouch or Purfe, from the particular fhape of its pods, by which it is obvioufly diftinguifhed from all our other Tetradynamous plants. The plant is colleHed and given to fraall birds, who appear to be very fond of the feeds, and this is the only ufe to which we at prefent know of its being applied. Geranium Cicutarium. Hemlock-Leaved Crane’s-Bill. GERANIUM LinnaiGen.Pl. Monadelphia Decandria. Monogyna. Stigmata quinque. Fruftus roftratus, pentacoccus. Rail Syn. Herba: pentapetala: vasculiferm. GERANIUM cicutarium pedunculis multifloris, floribus pentandris, foliis pinnatis incilis obtufis, caule ramofo, Linnai Sy/i. Vege tab. p. go. FI. Suecic. p. 243. GERANIUM petiolis multifloris, caule procumbente, foliis duplicato-pinnatis, pinnulis acute incifis, Haller Hifi. No. 944. GERANIUM cicutas folio minus, et lupinum. Bauhin Pin. 319. GERANIUM cicutas folio indorum album. Gerard emac. 945, 94S. GERANIUM mofchatum inodorum. Parkinfon 1708. Rail Syn, 357. Field Crane’s-bill without fcent* Hudfon FI. Angl. 262. RADIX annua, albida, limplex, carne tenera, cum nervo intus duriore et tenaciore, paucis fibris inftru&a, crafiiufcula, et in terram profunde defcendens. CAULES ex eadem radice nafcuntur plures, crafliuf- culi, teretes, hirfuti, procumbentes, ramofi, variae longitudinis pro ratione loci. FOLIA pinnata, pinnis feffilibus pubefcentibus, pinnulis acute incilis. STIPULyE ad exortum foliorum membranaceas, albidas, ovato-acutas, fuperioribus i. in- ferioribus in duas divifis, Jig. 2. PEDUNCULI axillares, alterni, liirfuti, multiflori, longitudine foliorum. FLORES umbellati, rofei, a tribus ad fex. INVOLUCRUM membranaceum, multidentatum, Jig. 3. Pedicelli baficralfiores,deflexi, et demum aflurgentes. CALYX: Perianthium pentaphyllum, foliolis ovatis, ftriatis, hirflitis, concavis, 4. COROLLA: Petala quinque, fubovata, plana, fub- aequalia, rofea, bafi hirfuta, calyce longiora, fig- 5■ STAMINA: Filamenta decem, quorum quinque alterna Antheris carent, Jig. 7. Anther.® fa- turate purpurafcentes, Jig. 6. NECTARI A: Glandula quinque fufcae circa bafin flami- num locantur, fig. g. PISTILLUM: G ermen pentagonum villofum ; Sty- lus fubulatus, fulcatus; Stigmata quinque, purpurafcentia, paululum reflexa, fig. 10, 11. PERICARDIUM nullum; Fructus pentacoccus, rof- tratus. SEMEN oblongum, lasve, fufcum, arillatum, fig. 14. A r ill a hirfuta; Arista praelonga pilofa in- ftruUa quas demum fpiralis 12, 13. ROOT animal, whitifh, fimple, tender, the firing or nerve in the middle of it hard and tough, fur- nifhed with few fibres, large for the fize of the plant, and penetrating deep into the earth. STALKS : feveral ufually fpring from the fame root, thickifh, round, hirfute, procumbent, and branched, of various lengths according to their place of growth. LEAVES pinnated, the pinnae fefhle and flightly hairy, the pinnulae fharply indented. S TIPULAE at the bafe of the leaves membranous, whitifh, acutely ovate, the uppermoft i.the lowermofl generally divided into 2. FOOT-STALKS of the flowers fpringing from the bafe of the leaves, alternate, hirfute, the length of the leaves, and fupporting many flowers. FLOWERS growing in an urnbell, from three to fix, of a rofe-colour. INVOLUCRUM membranous, with many teeth, Jig. 3. the fmall foot-flalks of the flowers thickefl at bottom, turningdown, and lafllyturningupward. CALYX: a Pe rainthium of five leaves, the folioli ovate, flriated, hirfute, concave, and termi- nating in a fine point, Jig. 4. COROLLA: five Petals, fomewhatovate, flat,nearly equal, of a rofe-colour, hairy at bottom, fome- what longer than the Calyx, fig. 5. STAMINA: ten Filaments, five of which want the Antherac; the Anthers of a deep purple colour, fig. 6. NECTARIA: five brown Glands placed round the bafe of the Stamina, Jig. 9. PISTILLUM: Germen five-corner’d and villous; STYLEtapering andgrooved; Stigmata five, of a purple colour,bending a 1 o, 11. SEED-VESSEL none; Fruit as yet unripe, formed of five protuberating feeds, and terminating in a long beak. SEED oblong, fmooth, brown, enclofed within an l4. which is hirfute, and fur- nifhed with a long hairy Arista, finally be- coming fpiral, fig. 12, 13. We have often had occafion to remark the very great difference in the appearance of plants arifing from foil and fituation. Of this the young Botanifi cannot be too well apprifed, nor too often informed: from a want of attention to this circumftance, the plant which we have now deferibed has been divided by different Authors into feveral fpecies. It feems worthy of notice, that the alterations which are produced in plants, from growing in a richer foil, are chiefly thofe of increafe of fize, and a multiplication of their parts; the minutiae of the fru6fification fuffer but little change in their form by culture, hence they are often mofi to be depended on, even in afeertaining different fpecies. When the Geranium Cicutarium grows on a dry fandy bank or wall, as it very frequently does, it is quite dimi- nutive. When it occurs in a moifier and more luxuriant foil, the branches extend often a foot or two in length, and the whole plant becomes fo altered in its general appearance, as readily to deceive the inexperienced Tyro; but the long pointed fruit which occurs in both, and from whence this plant has obtained the name of Crane's-bill\ readily points them out to be the fame. The feeds of the Geraniums are, in general, enclofed within a membranous Arillus, which terminates in an Arif a or Tail, of different lengths in different fpecies; in fome of them, when the feeds are become ripe, they detach themfelves from the receptacle, to which they are affixed, with confiderable elafticity, and the feeds, being loofely contained within the Arillus, are thrown out to a confiderable diftance. In the prefent fpecies, the feeds are more clofely invefied by the Arillus, which does not feparate itfelf with fo much force, and as foon as detached the Arijia begins to be twified up in a fpiral form. This may be very diftinftly obferved, if we feparate a feed, with its Arillus, as foon as ripe, and place it in the palm of the hand, the tail of the Arillus immediately appears in motion, as if endued with fome fenfitive property, and continues uninterruptedly this motion till it has aflumed the form of a ferew, vid. fig. 13. The feed, thus furnifhed with its twified Arifta, is more liable to attach itfelf to any thing which may come in contafl with it, by which means this plant is more univerfally difleminated. The Geranium Mofchatum has a great affinity with this fpecies: that plant however has a ftrong fmell of mufk, which this entirely wants; and has alfo many other peculiarities, which we (hall not fail to particularize when it comes to be treated of. //////// r/r/z/r//'//////. Geranium Robertianum. Strong-Scented Cranes-Bill, or Herb Robert. GERANIUM Linncei Gen, PI. Monadelphia Decandria. Stigmata quinque. FruEtus roftratus, pentacoccus. Rail Syn, 335. Herbie vasculifer^e. GERANIUM robertianum pedunculis bifloris, calycibus pilofis decemangulatis. Linncei Syjl Vegetal. /.515. FI. Suecic. 241. n. 619. GERANIUM foliis duplicato pinnatis, pinnis ultimis confluentibus, calycibus ftriatis, hirfutis. Haller hiji. n. 943. GERANIUM robertianum. Scopoli FI, Carniol. n. 845. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 264 GERANIUM robertianum primum. Bauhin. Pin. 319. GERANIUM robertianum. Gerard. emac. 939. GERANIUM robertianum vulgare. Parkinfon 710. Raii Syn. p. 358. ROOT annual, brown, furnifhed with long branched fibres. STALKS feveral, fpreading, branched, of a blood-red colour, as is frequently the whole plant (the joints tumid) hairy, particularly in the young plants. LEAVES oppofite, hairy, efpecially when growing in the (hade, each compofed of three pinnatifid leaves, uniting at the bafe, the middle leaf handing on the longefi; foot-ftalk, the laciniae or jags of the leaf terminated by a fmall red fpine. STIPULAE, four at each joint, two on each fide of it. PEDUNCLES biflorous. CALYX : a Perianthium having ten angles, and con- tinuing, the leaves ovato-lanceolate, nervous, hairy, terminating in a point, Jig. i, 2. COROLLA : five rofe-coloured Petals, fpreading and equal, the lamina fomewhat heart-lhaped, the claw linear, the middle part of it prominent, grooved, and fpreading into three whitifh nerves. STAMINA; ten fertile Filaments, tapering, flat, white, connefted at bottom ; Anthers pur- plifh, filled with a yellow Pollen, Jig. 4, mag- nified, Jig.s. . PISTILLUM ; Germen having five angles; Style tapering, villous; Stigmata five, red, a little turned back, Jig. 6. SEEDS five, contained within an Arillus, fmooth, oval, brown, flattened on one fide. Jig. 9; the Arillus wrinkled, Jig. 7, 8. RADIX annua, fufca, fibris ramofis praelongis inftru6la. ■ i CAULES pi ures, diffufi, ramofi, fanguinei ut ut tota ■ planta haud infrequenter, geniculis tumidis, ! pilofi, praefertim in junioribus plantis. FOLIA oppofita, pilofa praecipue in umbrofis, unum- quodque lolium e tribus foliolis pinnatifidis bafi confluentibus componitur, foliolo medio longius pedicellate, laciniis fpinula rubra ter- minatis. STIPULAE ad fingulum geniculum quatuor, utrinque binae. PEDUNCULI biflori. CALYX : Perianthium decemangulatum, perfiftens, foliolis ovato-lanceolatis, nervofis, hirfutis, mucronatis, jig. 1, 2. COROLLA;Pe tala quinque rofea, patentia, aequa- . lia, lamina fubcordata, unguis linearis, medio prominulo fulcato in tres nervos albidos diva- ricante, Jig. 3. STAMINA; Filamenta decem fertilia, fubulata, plana, alba, bafi cohaerentia; Anther as pur- purafeentes, polline flavo repletae,j6g.4,au6L 5. PISTILLUM: GERMENquinquangulare; STYLusfubu- latus, villofus; Stigmata quinque, rubra, paululum reflexa, Jg. 6. SEMINA quinque Arillata, laevia, ovata, fufca, ad unum latus comprefla, Jig. 9; Arillus rugofus, fis- 7> 8- Although our Englifh Geraniums cannot boaft that grandeur and variety of fplendid colours fo confpicuous in many of the foreign ones, yet feveral of them are fufficiently beautiful to be entitled to a place in the gardens of the curious, particularly the Bloody Cranes-bill (Geranium Sanguineum) ; the Crowfoot Cranes bill (Geranium Pratenfe); the Perennial Doves-foot Cranes-bill (Geranium Perenne of Hadfon) and the Herb Robert, which we have now deferibed : the latter of thefe grows naturally in woods, but more particularly under the hedges which furround woods ; it likewife is frequently found in old hollow trees, and not uncommonly on the roofs ofhoufes not much expofed to the fun : it is an annual plant; the feeds fow themfelves in Autumn, foon after the young plants come up ; flower the enfuing Spring, and continue to blofl’om the whole Summer long, if the plant grows in the fhade : towards the latter-end of the year, both ftalks and leaves become of a deep red or blood colour. The whole plant has a difagreeable fmell when bruifed, by which it will be diftinguifhed from our other fpecies. It appears to grow all over Europe ; and as a proof of its being ftill more univerfal, Linnaeus mentions its grow- ing in Arabia feelix. A variety with a white flower now and then occurs. If credit may be given to writers on the Materia Medica, itis a plant of confiderable efficacy in medicine, par- ticularly as an Aftringent, hence it is recommended in all kinds of Hemorrhages ; and thofe who have the management of cattle, are faid to give them an infufion of this plant when they make bloody urine.—Has not this praftice originated from the doftrine of fignatures ? It is alfo celebrated as a vulnerary in fchrophulous, can- cerous, and putrid Ulcers, to which either the juice is applied, or the parts fomented with a decoftion of the herb ; as likewife in Contufions, diflblving the extravafated blood when applied in the form of a Cataplafm ; and, laftly, it is faid to be exhibited with good fuccefs in the Stone and Gravel.—Flow far it merits thefe encomiums future experiments muft determine. The herb bruifed and applied to places infefted with Bugs, is faid by Linn.eus to drive them away. > //y// / y;/r/ /////////// . Orobus Tuberosus. Wood-Te a. OROBUS Linn, Gen. PI. Diadelphia Decandria. RaiiSyn.Gen. 23* Herbie flore papilionaceo, seu leguminos^e. OROBUS tuherofusyIns pinnatis, lanceolatis; ftipulis femifagittatis integerrimis, caule fimplici. Linn, byjt. Vegetab. p. 550. FI. Suec. n. 642. 1 OROBUS caule fimplici; foliis fenis ellipticis; radice tuberofa. Haller 417. ASTRAGALUS fylvaticus, foliis oblongis glabris. Bank. Pin. 351. 1237. LATHYRUS fyjveflm bgnofiox. Park. 1072. RaiiSyn. p. 324. Wood-Peafe, or Heath-Peafe. Hudfon tL Angi. p. 274» Scopoh FI, Carn. n. 883. RADIX perennis, tuberofa* CAULIS fimplex, ereftus, pedalis, alatus, fubtortuofus FOLIA pinnata, Cirrho brevi recfo terminata. Pin narum paria duo, tria, elliptica, mucronata glabra fubtus caerulefcentia. STIPULEE femifagittatae, ftepe integrae, faepius vere ad bafin hamatae, dente unico aut pluribus. RAMI florigeri, 1, 2, 3, aut plures ex foliorum alis, primum nutantes. Flores pulchelli, ex ru- bro purpurei, demum caerulefcentes. CALYX : Perianthium monophyllum, tubulatum, purpureum, bafi obtufum ; ore quinqueden- tato, denticulis tribus inferioribus acutiori- bus, duobus fuperioribus brevioribus, obtufe divifis, fubafturgentibus, fig. 1. COROLLA Papilionacea: Vexillum obeordatum, reflexum, fig. 2\Alm conniventes, Carina' connexae ; Unguis linearis, fig. 5 ; Lamina obtufa ; Carina, fig, 6, acuminata, aflur- gens, marginibus cavis ad Alas recipiendas, fig’ 9- STAMINA: Filamenta diadelphia (fimplex et no- vem fidum) adfcendentia, fig. 11, 17. An- theRvE flavae, fig. 12 ; ad bafin filamenti fimplicis et fuperioris, foramina duo obfer- vantur, fig. 16. PISTILLUM: Germen cylindraceum, compreffum ; Stylus filiformis, ere&us, lateri interiori prope apicem villofus, fig. 13. PERICARPIUM Legumen teres, longum, primum rubrum, demum nigrum, fig. 14. ESMINA plura, fubrotunda, e luteo-fufca, fig. 13. ROOT perennial and tuberous. STALK fimple, upright, about a foot high, winged and fomewhat twilled. L EAVES pinnated, terminated by a fhort ftraight Ci rr- . hus confifting of two or three pair of Pinnas which are elliptical, and end in a fmall fharp point, fmooth, and underneath blueifh. STIPULEE femifagittate, frequently entire, but more often jagged at bottom, with one or feveral teeth. BRANCHES which fuftain the flowers, 1, 2, 3, or more, fpringing from the bofom of the'leaves, at firft drooping, the Flowers beautiful, of a reddifli purple colour, becoming blue as they go off. CALYX : a Perianthium of one leaf, tubular, pur- ple, blunt at bottom, the mouth quinqueden- tate, the three lowermoft teeth fharpeft, the two uppermoft fhorteft, bluntly divided, and turned a little l. COROLLA Papilionaceous: the Vexillum heart- fhaped, turning back, fig. 2; the Wings connivent and connefted with the Carina; the Claw linear, fig 5; the Lamina obtufe fig. 6; the Carina or Keel acuminate, riling upward, the edges hollow for the reception of the Alse or Wings, fig. g. STAMINA: ten Filaments, nine united into one body below, and one feparate at top, fig. u9 17, rifing upward, Anthers yellow,fig. 12* at the bafe of the fimple and uppermoft fila- ment, two fmall holes are l6. | PISTILLUM : Germen cylindrical, and flattifh ; Style thread-fhaped, interiorly near the tip villous, fig. 13. SEED-VESSEL, a Legumen round and long", firft red, when ripe black, fig. 14. SEEDS feveral, roundifh, of a vellowifh brown colour fig- 15- This elegant fpecies of Orobus grows very plentifully in all our woods about town ; it feeras to delight in a ftrong clayey foil; it produces its blofforns in May and June, and the feed is ripe in July. The root is lame and tuoerous, deeply fituated in the eaith and taken up with difficulty ; it is not made any particular ufe of with us, but is confiderably effeemed in fome parts of Great-Britaim r My very worthy and ingenious friend, the Rev. Mr. Lightfoot, of Uxbridge, has favoured me with the following account of its ufes, which he obferved in his late tour through Scotland : “ The Orobus tuberofus is very common in Scotland, both in the Lowlands, Highlands, and the Hebrides " «‘f called ln the Erfe Language Cor-meille. The Highlanders dig up the roots and dry them in th-ir " pockets, and chew them like tobacco or liquorice-root, to relilh their liquor, and to repel hunger and thirft “ In Breadalbaneand Rofsfiire they fometimes fteep them in water, and make an agreeable fermented linuor “ with them, which they efteem to be good for diforders of the thorax. It has a fweetiffi tafte, fomewhat like liquonce-rqots. Fond as the Highlanders were of this root, they frequently ufed to change it with “ me tor lome pig-tail tobacco, their favourite indulgence.” Oro/'SM /s/vrroj/u (p/ 7'///// //'/ju/um/ . Ervum Hirsutum. Rough-Podded Tine-Tare. ERVUM Linn. Gen. PL Diadelphia Decandria. Calyx quinquepartitus* longitudine corollae. Raii Gen. 23. Herbie flore papilionaceo seu leguminosjE. ERVUM birfutum, pedunculis multifloris, feminibus globofis binis. Linn. Syfi. Veg. p. 554. Sp. PL 1039. FL Stiec. 255. VICIA foliis linearibus, filiquis racemofis, difpermis, hirfutis. Haller Hiji. helv. n. 422. ERVUM hirfutum. Scopoli FL Cam. n. 901. Hudfon FL AngL p. 280* VICIA fegetum cum filiquis plurimis hirfutis. Baub. Pin. p. 345. VICIA fylveflris feu Cracca minima. Ger* emac. 1028 ARACHUS five Cracca minor. Park. 1070. Raii Syn* Small wild Tare or Tine-Tare; Muller. FL Dan. icon. 639- RADIX annua, tenuis, praelonga, paucis fibrillis in- dru£la. CAULES pedales, aut bipedales, debiles, ramofi, qua- drangulares, tortuofi. STIPULAE in plures lacinias tenues divifae, fuperiore majore. FOLIA pinnata, ad 06I0 aut duodecem paria, oppofita, aut fubakerna, laevia, lanceolata, apice trun- cata, nervo medio in mucronem e dubio, capreolo ramofo terminata. PEDUNCULI longitudine foliorum, multiflori. FLORES a tribus ad 06I0, pallide purpurei, racema- tim, et imbricatim difpofiti. CALYX: Perianthium quinquedentatum, perfidens, longitudine fere Corollae, dentibus linearibus, acuminatis, fubaequalibus, duobus fuperioribus more Orobi obtufe divifis, jig. 1. COROLLA papilionacea; Vexillum fubrotundum, vix emarginatum, parum redexum, Jig. 2; Carinae adhaerentes, ovatae, obtufae, ad bafm lineares, Jig. 3; Carina alis brevior, Jig. 4, interne macula purpurea utrinque notata. STAMINA: Filamenta decem, adurgentia, fupre- mum brevior caeteris, nec liberum, jig. 5; Anthers fimplices, flavae. PISTILLUM: Germen oblongum, Stylus fimplex, adurgens. Stigma obtufum, viIlofum,y%. 6. PERICARPIUM: Legumen breve, hirfutum, difper- mum, Jig. 7. SEMINA duo, fubrotunda. ROOT annual* (lender, long, and furnifhed with few fibres. STALKS from one to two feet high, weak, branched, quadrangular and twilled. STIPUL/E divided into many (lender lacinias, of which the uppermod is the larged. LEAVES pinnated, from eight to twelve pair, oppo- fite, or nearly alternate, fmooth, lanceolate, with the top cut off, and the midrib running out to a Jhort point, terminated by a branched tendril. PEDUNCLES the length of the leaves, and fupport- ing many flowers. FLOWERS from three to eight, of a pale purple colour, difpofed in racemi, and laying one over another. CALYX: a Perianthium with five teeth, continu- ing, almod the length of the Corolla, the teeth linear, and pointed, nearly equal, the two upper ones obtufely divided in the man- ner of the Orobus, jig. i. COROLLA papilionaceous; the Vexillum roundifh, fcarcely nicked in, bending a little back, jig. 2; the Wings adhering to the Carina, ovate, obtufe, at bottom 3 ; the Carina fhorter than the Wings, jig. 4, marked inter- nally on each fide with a purple J'pot. STAMINA: ten Filaments which rife upward, the uppermod connected with, and fhorter than the others, jig. 5 ; the Anthera fimple and yellow. PISTILLUM : Germen oblong, Style fimple and ri- fing upward, Stigma blunt and 6. SEED-VESSEL a diort hairy Legumen with two fads, jig. 7. SEEDS two, and roundifh. This fpecies of Tine-Tare, which at firfl fight bears fo great a refemblance to the Ervum tetrafpermum, grows like that, too frequently among Corn, to which it is in general more definitive, as being a flronger and more prolific plant. I have in wet feafons feen whole fields of corn overpowered and deflroyed by it. It is eafily diflinguifhed from the tetrafpermum ; in the firfl place, the leaves are not pointed as in that fpecies» but appear as if cut off at the end, which although a material circumflance is not noticed by Muller in his figure of it, vid. FL Dan. icon. 639; fecondly, the Stipulae are divided into many more laciniae; the flowers and confequently the pods grow in a kind of duller, whereas there is feldom more than two grow together in the tetrafpermum; and laflly, which feems to be the beft diflintion, the pods are rough and contain two feeds in each, while in the tetrafpermum, they are fmooth and contain four feeds. Ervum Tetraspermum. Smooth-Podded Tine Tare. ERVUM. Linn* Gen, PI. Diadelphia Decandria. Raii Syn. Gen. 23. Herbie flore papilionaceo seu leguminos/e. ERVUM (tetrafpermum) pedunculis fubbifloris, feminibus globofis quaternis. Linn. Syfi. Veg.p. 534. VICIA foliis linearibus, filiquis gemellis glabris. Haller Hijl. v. 1. p. 184. ERVUM tetrafpermum. Scopoli FI. CarnioL Diagn. Pedunculi fubiflori. Siliqua glabra, obtufa, tetrafperma. VICIA fegetum lingularibus filiquis glabris. Bauh. Pin. p. 345. VICIAE five Craccae minimae fpecies cum filiquis glabris. J. Bauhin. CRACCA minor filiquis fingularibus, flofculis ccerulefcentibus. Hoff. C. H. Alt, Raii Syn. p. 322,. Tine-Tare with fmooth pods. Hudfon FI, Angi, p, 280. Oeder FI. Dan. Icon. 95. RADIX annua, fibrofa. CAULES in apertis locis laeves, tenues, debiles, inter fegetes vero (ubi faepius invenitur) capreolis erefle fefe fuftentant, pedales et ultra. STIPULAE ad bafin foliorum, duo, fimplices, utrinque acuminatae. FOLIA pinnata, laevia, lanceolata-linearia, parium trium ad quinque ufque, capreolo ramofo terminata. PEDUNCULI longitudine foliorum, plerumque bi- flori. CALYX: Perianthium quinquedentatura, perfift- ens, dentibus inaequalibus, acutis, duobus fuperioribus brevioribus, latioribus, furfum tendentibus, obtufe divifis, fig. 1. COROLLA papilionacea, fig. 2 ; Vexillum fube- marginatum, limbus reflexus, venis purpu- reis pidus, fig, 4; Al,e albae, conniventes, fig. 5 ; Carina alis brevior, 6. STAMINA; Filamenta diadelpha (fimplex et no- vemfidum) alfurgentia, fig. 7, 8; fupremum liberum, fig, 8; Antheral fimplices. PISTILLUM : Germen compreffum ; Stylus affur- gens ; Stigma capitatum, villofum, fig, 9. PERICARPIUM: Legumen loeve, teretiufculum, te- trafpermum, fig. 10. SEMINA fubrotunda, fufcefcentia, nigro marmoreata, h-ii- ROOT annual and fibrous. STALKS in open places are (lender and weak, but among the corn (where this plant is mod; commonly found) they fupport themfelves , upright by means of their tendrils, and grow i to a foot or more in height. i STIPULyE at the bottom of the leaves, two, fimple, 1 and pointed at each end. 1 LEAVES pinnated, fmooth, lanceolate, and linear, from three to five pair, terminated by a branched tendril. , PEDUNCLES the length of the leaves, generally i fuftaining two flowers. CALYX; a Pe rianthium having five teeth and continuing, the teeth unequal and pointed, the two uppermofi; fhorteff, broadeft, and turning a little upwards, at bottom obtufely } divided, fig. i. ) COROLLA papilionaceous. fig. 2; the Vexillum ) (lightly nicked in at top, the limb fomewhat ) turned back and (freaked with purple. Jig. 4; > the white and doling together. fig. 5; the Carina (horter than the and [ obtufe. Jig, 6. ) STAMINA: ten Filaments uniting into two bodies, ) of which one forms the lowermoll, fig. 7 ; ) and one the uppermoft, which is free, fig. 8 ; ) Anthers fimple. ) PISTILLUM: Germen flattened; Style rifing up- } ward; Stigma forming a little head and villous, fig. 9. ) SEED-VESSEL : a Legumen, fimooth, roundilh, ) and containing four feeds, fig. 10. ) SEEDS nearly round, brownilh, and mottled with ) black, fig. ii. This fpecies of Ervum or Tine-Tare is found in mod Corn-fields, often to the Farmer’s forrow, as it fre- quently proves very injurious to the Corn, laying hold of it by means of its tendrils, and if the feafon favours its growth, quite overcoming it. Like mod plants of this kind it is exceedingly fertile : on one plant, which I cafually pulled up, I counted two hundred and twenty pods; and as each pod contains four feeds, there mud have been from a fingle feed the amazing produce of eight hundred and eighty. At fird fight this fpecies has a confiderable refemblance to the Ervum hirfutum ; but the (lighted attention will difcover the difference. In the Ervum hirfutum the pods contain only two feeds and are hairy ; in the tetrafpermum they contain four, and are fmooth; in the hirfutum the flowers grow in a kind of clufter ;in this fpecies there is feldom more than two grow together. The figure which I have given is intended to reprefent the plant as it grows among the Corn; when it is found by itfelf, and in a poor foil, it is often not fo large. V f'r/ ’u/rt Hypericum Pulchrum. Small upright St. John’s Wort. HYPERICUM Linnod Gen. PL Polyadelphia Polyandria. Rail Syn. Gen. 24. Herbie Vasculifer^e. HYPERICUM floribus trigynis; calycibus ferrato-glandulofis, caule tereti, foliis perfoliatis glabris. Lin. Sp. PI. 1106. PIYPERICUM pulchrum Tragi. J. Bauhin Hijl. 111. 183. Rail Synop. 342. HYPERICUM minus, ere£lum. Bauhin Pin. 279. HYPERICUM foliis amplexicaulibus, cordatis, calycibus ovatis, ferratis, glanduliferis. Haller Hijl. n. 1041. Gerard emac. 540. Hudfon FI. Angi. 290. Oeder. Flor. Dan. Icon. 75. RADIX perennis. CAULIS pedalis ad bipedalem, ere&us, teres, fig. 1, glaber, fubramofus, geniculi diftantes. RAMI oppofiti, breves, tenues, cauli fimiles. PEDUNCULI teretes, plerumque triflori. FOLIA Caulis cordato-triangularia, glaberrima, am- plexicaulia, faturate viridia, patentia, quam in caeteris Hypericis folidiora, verfus margi- nem perforata, inferiora frequenter coccinea; Ramorum ovata, caulis triplo minora ; Pe- dunculorum ovato-lanceolata, CALYX: Perianthium quinquepartitum, laciniis ovatis, acutis, ftriatis, margine ferratis, denti- bus glanduliferis, glandulis nigro rufis,fig. 2. COROLLA: Petala quinque,oblongo-ovata, flava, contorta, leviter, (friata, fubtus aurantiaco lineata, margine fubferrata, et glandulis cinfta, fig. 3' STAMINA: Filamenta triginta fex, filiformia in tres fafciculos ad bafin coalita, in (ingulo faf- ciculo duodecim: Anthers biloculares, fubrotundae : Pollen miniaceum, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum: Styli tres, lon- gitudine germinis, divaricantes: Stigmata parva, fubrotunda, fig. 5. PERICARPIUM : Capsula fubconica, trilocularis, fufea, fig. 6, 7. SEMINA nlurima, oblonsra. fufea. fir. 8, ROOT perennial. STALK from one to two feet high, upright, round, Jig, i. fmooth, and . thinly branched, the joints remote from each other. BRANCHES oppofite, fhort, (lender, and like the flalk. PEDUNCLESround,generally fuflainingthreeflowers. LEAVES of the Stalk triangularly heartjhaped, fmooth, Jhining, embracing the jlalk, nearly horizontal, of a deep green colour, more folid to the touch than the other St. John’s Worts, perforated near the edge, and fre- quently of a bright red colour towards the bottom; thofe of the Branches ovate, three times fmaller than thofe of the ftalk; and thofe of the Peduncles lancet-ftiaped. CALYX: a Perianthium divided into five Seg- ments, the Segments oval, pointed, ftriated, ferrated, and edged with little glands of a blackilh red colour, fig. 2. COROLLA: five Petals, oblong, oval, yellow, (lightly ftriated ; on the under fide tinged with a bright orange, (lightly ferrated, and edged with glands, fig. 3. STAMINA: the Filaments numerous, to thirty- fix, filiform, uniting at bottom in three Fafci- culi or Bundles, in each Fafciculus twelve ; the Anthers rounddh and 4; the Pollen bright fear let. PISTILLUM: G ermen ovate : three Styles, the length of the Germen, fpreading ; the Stig- mata fmall and roundifh, fig. 5. SEED-VESSEL: a Capsule fomewhat conical, of a brown colour, with three cavities, fig, 6, 7. SEEDS numerous, oblong, and brown, fig. 8. The ancient Botanifts gave this plant the name of pulchrum from its beauty; and Linnaeus has very pro- perly continued it. Many will, no doubt, think it defending of a place in their gardens. It is fond of a clayey foil, and woody fituation, and is found in all the woods about town ; as Hornfey-Wood, beyond Jflington ; Oak of Honour Wood (as it is generally called) a little beyond Peckham ; Charlton-Wood, by Greenwich ; likewife on Hounfiow-Heath. It flowers in the month of July, and continues but a fhort time in bloflorn. Its virtues, as a medicine, are probably the fame with the common St. Johns Wort. (»; • / //■ s/f /////■;?(■///// . / 2 Hypericum Perforatum. Common St. John’s Wort. HYPERICUM Linncei Gen. PI. Polyadelphia Polyandria. Raii Synop. Gen. 24. Herba: Pentapetala VasculiferM. HYPERICUM perforatum, floribus trigynis, caule ancipiti, foliis obtufis pellucido-pun&atis. Linncei Syfi. Vegetab. p. 584. FI. Suecic. n. 680. HYPERICUM caule tereti, alato, ramofiflimo; foliis ovatis, perforatis. Haller hijl. vol. 2. p. 4. HYPERICUM vulgare Bauhin. Pin. p. 279. Gerard. Emac. 540. Parkinfon 572. Raii Synop. 342* Hudfon FI. Angi. 290. Scopoli. FI. Carniol. n. 944. Tota planta glandulis nigris adfperfa. i RADIX perennis, lignofa, fufca. CAULES plerumque plures ex eadem radice, bipe- . dales, eretli, fublignofi, Iceves, teretes, alterne, ancipites, fig. 1. ramofi. RAMI oppofiti, fubere&i, ancipites. FOLIA oppofita, feflilia, ovato-oblonga, obtufa, per- forata five pellucido-punftata, heptanervia ex luteo-viridia, fig. 2. PEDUNCIJLI ancipites, multiflori. PANICULA denfa. CALYX: Perianthium quinquepartitum, ftriatum, laciniis lanceolatis, acuminatis, nudis, fig. 3. COROLLA: Petala quinque, flava, ad unum latus crenulata, glandulis nigris adfperfa, fig. 4. STAMINA: Filameta plurima, in tria corpora vix coalita, fig. 5. Anthers flavae, biloculares, loculis fubrotundis, inter quos glandula ni- gra ponitur, fig. 6. PISTILLUM: Ge rmen fubovatum, Styli tres di- varicantes: Stigmata fimplicia, fig. 7. PERICARPIUM: Capsula fubtrigona, fig. 8. trilo- cularis, fig. g. pallide fufca. RECEPTACULUM feu Thalamus feminum foramine triquetro gaudet, quod in pericarpii imma- turi Tectione tranfverfa clare diftingui poteft, ut obfervavit Cl. Scopoli. The whole plantis fprinkled over with fmall black glands. ROOT perennial, woody, of a brown colour. STALKS feveral for the moft part fpringing from the fame root, about two feet high, upright, woody, fmooth, round, alternately two edged, fig. i. much branched. BRANCHES oppofite, nearly upright, two edged. LEAVES oppofite, fellile, of an oblong oval (hape, obtufe, having the appearance of being all over perforated, of a yellowifh green colour with fevcn nerves or ribs, fig. 2. PEDUNCLES two edged, fupporting many flowers. PANICLE bufhy. CALYX;APe rianthium divided into five fegments, and flriated, the fegments narrow and,pointed) xoithout any glands on them, fig, 3. COROLLA: five Petals of a yellow colour, notched irregularly on one fide, and fprinkled over with little black glands, fig. 4. STAMINA: Filaments numerous, uniting at bottom. in three fcarcely diftindt bodies or fafciculi, fig. 5. Anthers yellow and bilocular, each of the cavities of a roundifli figure, and between them is fituated a fmall black gland, fig, 6. PISTILLUM: Germen fomewhat oval, three Styles wdiich divaricate; the St i g m a t a fimp \zfgg, > SEED-VESSEL: a Caps ule fomewhat triangular, [ fig. 8. of a pale brown colour, with three r cavities, fig. g. RECEPTACLE : the Receptacle which is continued J through the Capfule, and connefts the cavi- ; ties together, has a triangular hole in it, which 5 is very obvious in a tranfverfe fe6iion of it before it is ripe,—as the celebrated Scofioli 5 has juftly obferved. SEMINA plurima, oblonga, fufca, fig. 10. 11. v SEEDS numerous, oblong, and brown, fig. 10. 11 It very often happens, that fome of the minute parts of the Flower, and Seed, afford a more obvious, certain, and conflant mark of fpecific difference, than any part of the plant befides, and we have a remarkable inftance of the truth of this obfervation in the plant before us. A little gland, of a black colour, placed on the fummit of the Anthera, at one view diflinguifhes this fpecies, without any further inveftigation: did fuch obvious diftindions prevail in all plants, a knowledge of them might with much eafe be acquired ; and for- tunately we (hall find, on examination, fuch marks more frequently occur than is generally imagined ; when- ever they do, we fliall not fail to remark them. The apparent perforation of the leaves, from whence this fpecies is named, is not peculiar to it alone. Although in the prefent pradice this officinal plant does not feem to be much regarded, yet its fenfible qua- lities, and the repe ted teflimonies of its virtues, entitle it, as Dr. Cullen * obferves, to further trials. To the tafte it is aflringent and bitter, and its effeds feem to be chiefly diuretic. From poffefling properties which have generally been called balfamic, it has been ufed as a vulnerary in external wounds, and internal hemorrhages ; for the former purpofe, the tops of the plant with the flowers are infufed in oil ; and for the latter, an infufion of the plant is made in the manner of Tea. It has likewife been given in ulcerations of the kidnies, and has even been fuppofed to poflefs virtues as a febrifuge. It has had the ill fate to be abufed by the fuperflition of the common people in France and Germany, who gather it with great ceremony on St. John’s-Day, and hang it in their windows, as a certain charm and defence againft Storms, Thunder, and Evil Spirits; miftaking the meaning of fome medical writers, who have fancifully given this plant the name of Fuga Daemonum, becaufe they fuppofed, if given internally, it was a good medicine for maniacal and hypochondriacal dilorders. The dried plant boiled with Alum dyes Wool of a yellow colour. It grows very common in hedges and fields that are but feldom tilled, and flowers in Auguft and September. * Vid. Dr. Cullen’s Materia Medica, p. 206 . /<) r / con 7o(wn lara. rara rn. Leontodon Taraxacum. Dandelion. LEONTODON Linnasi Gen. PL Syngenesia. Polygamia Alqualis. Rail Synopfisy ed. 3. Gen. 6. Herbie flore composito, nature pleno LACTESCENTES. LEONTODON Taraxacum calycis fquamis inferne reflexis, foliis runcinatis denticulatis laevibus. Linnai Syji. Vegetab. p. 596. Sp. Piant. 1122. FI. Suec. 270. TARAXACUM calycibus glabris, fquamis imis reflexis. Haller Hiji. v. 1. p. HEDYPNOIS Taraxacum. Scopoli Flor. Carn, n, 0^7. HEDYPNOIS major Fuchjfi. DENS LEONIS latiore folio. Bauhin. Pin. p. 126. Gerard, emac. 290. Parkinfon 780. Raii Syn. ed. 3- p, 170. Hudjon FI. Angi. p. 297. Oeder FI. Dan. Icon. 574. RADIX perennis, fubfufiformis, la&efcens, externe pallide fufca. FOLIA laciniato-pinnatifida, plus aut minus profunde incifa, laciniis acutis et acute dentatis, plerum- que laevia, nonnunquam vero fubafpera. SCAPI nudi, fiftuiofi, laftefcentes, verfus apicem fub- tomentofi, uniflori. CALYX communis laevis, glaucus, fquamis inferiori- bus r flexis, fig. 1. COROLLA compofita, flava, corollulis hermaphrodi- tis, numerofis, aequalibus. Propria mono- petala, ligulata, truncata, quinquedentata, fis- 3. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, capillaria, brevif- fima, fig. 3. Anthers flavae, in tubum cylindraceum coalitae, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen oblongum, fig. g. Stylus longitudine corollae,fig. 6. Stigmata duo revoluta, fig. 7. SEMEN fubincurvatum, fubcompreflum, fubtetrago- num, ftriatum, apice echinatum, pallide oliva- ceum, fig. 8, 9. Pappus flipitatus, (implex, flipite brevior, fig. 10. RECEPTACULUM nudum, alveolatum, fig. 11. ROOT perennial, tapering, milky, externally of a pale brown colour. LEAVES more or lefs deeply jagged, each jag or la- cinia pointed, and (harply indented, generally fmooth, but fometimes a little rough. STALKS naked, hollow, milky, towards the top co- vered with a kind of down, fupporting one flower on each. CALYX: the common or general Calyx fmooth, glau- cous, the Lowermofi leaves or fquamce turning back, fig, i. COROLLA: the flower compounded of a great num- ber of CoROLLUii£ or lefler flowers, which are yellow, hermaphrodite and equal; each CorolLulce monopetalous, tubular at bottom, and flat towards the extremity, the apex trun- cated and quinquedentate, fig. 2. STAMINA: five Filaments fmall and very (hort, fig- 3- The Anthe RiE yellow uniting and forming a cylindrical tube, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen oblong, fig. g. Style the length of the Corolla, fig. 6. Stigmata two, rolling back, fig. 7. SEED a little crooked, flattilh, and fomewhat four cornered, flriatedor grooved, at tot)prickly, of a pale olive colour,//g. 8, 9. th e Down ox Pap- pus handing on a foot-flalk, fimple, not fea- thery, (hotter than the foot-flalk, fig. 10. RECEPTACLE naked, and full of little holes, fig. 11. As a medicinal plant the Dandelion is thought to pofTefs confiderable virtues, and has been frequently made ufe of in obftruftions of theVifcera, particularly the Jaundice. Some recommend the juice, others a decoftion of the whole plant. It appears to operate chiefly by urine, and, from poflefling this property in a confiderable d gree, it has acquired its vulgar name of Pijs-a-hed. Its other, and more common name, feems to be a cor- ruption of the French term Dent de Lion. As a kmd of falad, this plant is by many preferred to any other, particularly by the inhabitants of Spitalfields, many of whom being defcended from French families, that forfook their native country for one more favourable to religious liberty, flill retain the peculiar cuftoms of that people in their diet, &c. They blanch or whiten it as the Gardeners do Endive, and the inferior clafs generally ufe the fimple procefs of laying a tile on it; for whatever excludes the light from this, or any other plant, will make it become white, all plants deriving their colours from the fountain of light, the fun. And it is remarkable, that many plants containing bitter and acrid juices are rendered bv this procefs mild, fweet, and agreeable ; who, for inflance, could eat endive, celery, or even lettuce, in their wild uncultivated flates? The Dandelion grows in the greateft plenty in rich meadows although it is very common on walls, and in courts and areas. When growing in a barren foil or dry fituation, the leaves become more narrow and jagged. It flowers in May, and is the firft plant which covers our meadows with a beautiful yellow coat; a few weeks afterwards, when it produceth its feed, it changes this for a white one. Children frequently amufe themfelves with blowing off the feeds, which (land naked on the receptacle or top of the ftalk ; and the round white heads, formed by the expanfion of their pappus or down, they call docks. The young Botanift generally finds fome difficulty in acquiring a clear idea of the ftruCure of thefe compound flowers, occafioned by the minutenefs of the parts of fruflification, which however are much larger and more confpicuous in this than in many others of the clafs Syngenesi a, and therefore a proper flower for him to begin with. On examining the flower of the Dandelion he will find that it is not a double flower, properly fo'called, as he might be led to think from its fulnefs ; but that it is compofed of a great number of FLofculi, or Idler flowers, placed clofe together on one common receptacle or bottom, and enclofed by one common or general calyx. On differing each of thefe FLofculi, he will find them to confifl of a Corolla, or Petal, fig. 2. which at bottom is tubular, but towards the extremity flat; that from the bottom or tubular part of the Corolla, five Filaments fpring, which are fmall and (hort, yet loofe and unconnefted, fg. 3. that thefe filaments are furnifhed with Anthers, which unite together and form alongflender tub £,fig. 4. Beneath the Corolla is placed theGERMEN, or future feed, fig. 5. from whence the Style, or middle part of the Piftillum, proceeds, and paifes up through the middle of the flower, betwixt the Filaments, and through the tube formed by the union of the Antheraz,fig. 6. and is furnifhed at top with two Stigmata which roll back, fig. 7. At a little diflance from the Germen, the lower part of the Stylus is furrounded by numerous upright hairs, which are the future Pappus, or Down, fig. 10. 1 his, then, he will find to be the appearance of the parts of frutdification in a full-blown flower. Fhofe parts of the flower which were more immediately or more remotely neceflary to the impregnation of the Seed, having now performed their office, decay, the Corolla with the Stamina and upper part of the Piftillum drops off, the Seed becomes larger, the lower part of the Piftillum remains, is elongated, and becomes the foot-flalk of the Pappus, and the Seed as yet immature, with the Pappus as yet moift, are all enclofed and preffed by the Calyx into a conical form. This is its appearance in its fecond ftate. The fru&ification flill going forward, the Seed becomes ripe and brown. The Pappus, now deprived of its moifture, expands itfelf every way, fig. 10. pufhes back the Calyx, and aflumes a fpherical form. The feeds fitted for vegetation, and thus expofed, are carried away by the firft ftrong wind, and “ a new race planted far from their native foil.” Such then is the curious procefs which nature makes ufe of in the perfecting and diflemination of this plant. Lapsana Communis. Nipplewort. ♦ LAPSANA Linnod Gen. Pi. Syngenesia Polygamia aqualis. Receptaculum nudum. Cal. calyculatus, fquamis fingulis interioribus canaliculatis. Rail Syn. Gen. 6. Herb.f: flore composito natura pleno lactescentes. LAPSANA communis calycibus fruftus angulatis pedunculis tenuibus ramolillimis. Linncei Syft. Veg. p. 602. Sp.pl. 1141. FI. Suecic. p. 277. LAMPSANA caule brachiato; foliis ovatis longe petiolatis; petiolis pinnatis. Haller hijl. n. 6. LAMPSANA communis. Scopoli FI. Carniol. n. 988. SONCHO affinis Lampfana domeflica. C, Bauhin pin. p. 124. LAMPSANA Gerard, emac. 255. LAMPSANA vulgaris. Parkinfon. 810. Raii Syn. 173* Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 303 RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa, j CAULIS ereftus, rigidus, bicubitalis, flriatus, ramofus, < hirfutus. J FOLIA oppofita, hirfutula, ad radicem et in ima parte J caulis uno vel altero pinnularum pari donata, Tegmento terminali magno, ovato, dentato, fu- J periora oblonga, dentata, < CALYX: communis calyculatus, angulatus, laevis*' fquamae ad bafm minimae, ere&ae, fig. 1. COROLLA compofita, imbricata, Corollulis herma- phroditis aequalibus ; propria monopetala, li- gulata, truncata, quinque dentata, jig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, capillaria, brevif- fima; An cylindracea, tubulofa, Jig. 2. PISTILLUM: G ermen oblongiufculum; Stylus filiformis, longitudine Staminum; Stigma bifidum, 2. SEMINA circiter o6lodecim, oblonga, paululum incur- vata, pappo deflituta, intra calycem, fig. 3,4. ROOT annual, fimple, and fibrous. STALK upright, rigid, about two cubits high, flriated, branched, hairy. LEAVES oppofite, fomewhat hairy, at the root and on the lower part of the flalk furnifhed with one or two pair of pinnulas; the fegment which terminates the leaf large, oval, and indented ; the upper leaves oblong and indented. CALYX : the common Calyx fmooth, and furnifhed at bottom with a few, minute, upright, fqua- mulas. fig, i. COROLLA compound, imbricated, the flofcules her- maphrodite and equal ; each of them mono- petalous, ligulate, truncated, and having five teeth, Jig. 2. STAMINA: five fmall, and very fhort Filaments; Anthers uniting into a tube, fig. 2. PISTILLUM: Germen oblong; Style filiform, the length of the Stamina; Stigma bifid and turning back, fig. 2. SEEDS about eighteen, oblong, a little bent in, with- out any down, contained within the Calyx, fig- 3. 4- In gardens as a weed, this plant anfwers very well to the name of Communis, being in general too common. Nature feems amply to have fupplied the want of pappus or down in the feeds, by the great number of them produced in each plant. It alfo occurs on the fides of banks, and in all cultivated ground ; flowering during moft of the fummer months. According to Ray, it receives its name of Nipplewort from its efficacy in curing fore nipples : no other virtues or ufes feem attributed to it. crr/mntm/yL ,C( ) ' - ) /i (surr/. Erigeron Acre. turtle Erigeron. ERIGERON Linncei Gen. PL Syngenesia Polygamia superflua. Raii Synopjis. Herbie flore composito, semine papposo non lactescentes, FLORE DISCOIDE. ERIGERON Acre pedunculis alternis unifloris. Linn. Sp. PL 1211. ERIGERON polymorphum Scopoli. PL CarnioL Diagn. folia lanceolata, bafi et apice attenuata. Germina villofa. Pappus ruffus. ERIGERON caule alterne ramofo, petiolis unifloris, femiflofculis pappum aequantibus, et femiflof- culis pappum fuperantibus. Haller Hift. n. 85, 86. CONYZA coerulea acris. Bauhin Pin. 265. Gerard, emac. 484 ASTER arvenfis coeruleus acris. Raii Syn, 175. Blue-flowered fweet Fleabane CONYZA odorata coerulea. Parkinfon 126. SENECIO five Erigeron coeruleus. J. B. 11. 1043. Hudfon FI. Angl. 314. Oeder FI. Dan. Tab. 292. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fibris pallide fufcis. ROOT perennial and fibrous, the fibres of a pale brown colour. CAULIS ereclus, rigidus, pedalis, purpureus, ftriatus, foliofus, hirfutus, in quibufdam vix ramofus, in aliis ramofiflimus. STALK upright, rigid, about a foot high, purple, ftriated, leafy, and hirfute, in fome fcarce branched at all, in others very much fo. LEAVES alternate, feflile, hirfute, the bottom ones of a blunt oval (hape, and narrow at bottom, the upper ones narrow, turning back and twilled, thofe of the branches linear and FOLIA alterna, feflilia, hirfuta, inferiora obtufe ovata bafi anguftiora, fuperiora angufla, reflexa, tortuofa, ramorum linearia, fubere&a. nearly upright. FLOWERS upright, never expanding themfelves like moll of the flowers of the Clafs Syngenefia, externally purple, internally yellow, with a cavity in the middle. CALYX: the common Calyx compofed of a number of fcales, which are narrow and pointed, upright, purplilh, hirfute, and loofely con- ne6led, fig. 1. COROLLA cotnpound and radiated; the hermaphro- dite flowers tubular and numerous in the middle, fig. 2. the female flowers ligulate, and fewer in the 3. each hermaphrodite Qofcule funnel-fhaped, yellow, with the limb divided into five fegments, fig. 2. each female flofcule, linear, upright, purple, longer than the hermaphrodite flow- er, fig. 3. STAMINA: in the hermaphrodite flowers: five Filaments, very fmall and (hort; the Anthers united into a tube. FLORES ere&i, nunquam fefe explicantes ficut ple- rique flores Claflis Syngenefias, externi purpurei, interni flavefcentes, cum cavitate in medio. CALYX communis imbricatus, fquamis fubulatis, ere&is, purpureis, hirfutis, laxis. Jig. 1. COROLLA compofita, radiata; Corollulce hermaphro- ditae tubulofe, numerofae in difco. Jig. 2, femineae ligulatae, pauciores in radio, fig. 3. Propria hermaphroditi infundibuliformis, flava, limbo quinquefido, fig. 2. Feminece ligulata, linearis, erefta, purpurea, herma- phrodita longior, fig. 3. STAMINA hermaphroditis: Filamenta quinque, capillaria, breviflima: Anthera: in tubum coalitae. PISTILLUM hermaproditis: Germen coronatum Pappo corolla paulo longior, fig. 4. Stylus filiformis longitudine Pappi, fig. 5. Stigma bifidum, fig. 6. Femineis: Germen tenue, Pappo longitudine fere Corollae, fig. 7. Stigmata duo, tenuiflima, fig. 8. PISTILLUM of the hermaphrodite flowers; the Ger- men crowned with a Pappus or Down a little longer than the Corolla, fig. 4. the Style filiform, the length of the Pappus, fig. 5. Stigma bifid, fig. 6. of the Female flowers; the Germen (lender, the Pappus nearly the length of the Corolla, fig. 7. two Stigmata very (lender, fig. 8. SEEDS oblong, of a pale brown colour, hirfute, magnified, fig. 9. Pappus feflile, yellowflh and fimple, fig. 10. SEMINA oblonga, pallide fufca, hirfuta, lente and. fig. 9. Pappus feflilis, lutefcens, fimplex, fig. 10. The Erigeron Acre is by no means a common plant in our neighbourhood, yet occurs very frequently on the hilly and chalky ground about Charlton-Wood, particularly in the chalk pits on the left-hand fide of the lane behind the Church, It flowers in the months of Augufl; and September, and is confidered as a pretty fure indication of a barren foil. It has a tafle fomewhat warm and biting, and hence has received its name of Acris. We have rather chofen to retain Linnaeus’s name of Erigeron than adopt Ray’s name of Fleabane, which tends to confound it with the Genus Conyza. It frequently grows much taller, and is often found much fmaller, than the fpecimen we have figured. Senecio Vulgaris. Groundsel. SENECIO. Linn. Gen, PI, Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua. Receptaculum nudum. Pappus fimplex. Calyx cylindricus, calyculatus ; fiquamis apice fiphacelatis. Raii Syn. Herbie flore composito, semlne papposo non lactescentes. FLORE DISCOIDE. SENECIO vulgaris corollis nudis, foliis pinnato-firmatis amplexicaulibus, floribus fparfis. Linn. Sy/l, Veg. p. 630. Sp. Pl. 1216. FI. Suec. p. 290. SENECIO corollis nudis, foliis pinnato-linuatis amplexicaulibus, floribus fparfis. Haller Hijl. n. 38^ SENECIO vulgans. Scopoh FI, Cani, p. 162. n. 1063. * Hudfbn F/. Angi. p. 315; SENECIO minor vulgaris. Bauh, Pin. 181. SENECIO vulgaris. Park. 67*. ERIGERON Ger. emac. 278. Raii Syn. p. 178. Common Groundfel or Simfon. RADIX annua, e plurimis fibrillis albidis conflans. F OT annual, confiding of numerous white fibres. CAULIS fimplex, ereflus, pedalis, ramofus, fepe purpureus, fubangulofus, in junioribus plantis verfus apicem fubtomentofus. STALK fingle, upright, about a foot high; branched, often purple, flightly angular, in the young plants, towards the top, thinly covered with down. FOLIA obfcure virentia, glabra, amplexicaulia, pinna- to-finuata, pinnis acute dentatis. LEAVES of a deep and dull green colour, frnooth, embracing the ftalk, pinnato-finuated, the pinnae fharply indented. PEDUNCULI flriati, uniflori, primum erefli, pera6la florefcentia penduli, demum erefti. PEDUNCLES flriated, fupporting one flower on each, at firfl upright, when the flowering is over they become pendulous, and laflly upright. CALYX: communis primum cylindraceus, demum conicus; Squamis fubulatis, plurimis, in cylindrum fuperne contradlis parallelis, con- tiguis, aequalibus, paucioribus bafm imbri- catim tegentibus, apicibus omnium nigrican- tibus, 1. CALYX : the co?nmon Calyx firfl cylindrical, and laflly conical; the Squamee Tubulate, numerous, contracted above into a cylinder, parallel, contiguous and equal; thofe at the bafe of the calyx fewer, lying one over another, the tips of all of them blackifh. Jig. 1. COROLLA Compojita, longitudine calycis; Carol Iulee hermaphroditae, tubulofie, numerofae in difco, infundibuliformes; limbo reflexo, quinquefido: Radio nullo, fig. 2, 3. COROLLA compound, the length of the calyx ; the florets hermaphrodite, tubular and numerous in the difk or middle, funnel-fhaped, the limb reflex and divided into five fegments: the Radius wanting, fig. 2, 3. STAMINA: Filaments five, capillary, and very minute * Anthers united into a tube. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, capillaria, minima; Anthera cylindracea, tubulofa. PISTILLUM: G ermen ovatum; Stylus filiformis, longitudine flaminum; Stigmata duo, ob- longa, revoluta. PISTILLUM: Germen ovate; Style filiform, the length of the flamina; Stigmata two, oblong, and bent back. SEMEN oblongum, flriaturn, fufcum; Pappus fim- plex, albus, femine triplo fere 4; Receptaculum nudum, fcabruim SEED oblong, flriated, and brown; the Pappus fimple, white, almofl three times the length of the feed, fig. 4; Receptacle naked, and rough. The Groundfel is a plant which is well known to grow exceedingly common in gardens, cultivated ground, and on walls, flowering all the year, if the weather be mild. Although it is fcarcely ufed at prefent as a medicine, yet according to fome authors it is not without confide- rable virtues: the juice, or decodion of it, taken internally, operates gently by vomit; and the plant, externally applied, is faid to be ufeful in inflamed breads, the fcrophula, and other inflammations. Mr. Ray fufpeCls that it might be given with advantage in Worms, as Farriers and Horfe-Dealcrs give the juice of it to horfes that are troubled with thofe kind of Worms called Bottes, and to which it is prefently fatal. Birds of various kinds are fond of the feeds and tops of this plant; and a great variety of Caterpillars, particularly thofe of the Phalcena Jacobeea, eat it readily. r /e/u'r/v 'uj . Bellis Perennis. Common Daisy. BELLIS Linncei Gen. Pl. Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua. RaiiSyn.Gen. 8. Herba flore composito discoide, seminibus pappo destitutis. Corymbifera: dicta. BELLIS perennis, fcapo nudo. Linncei Syfiem. Vegetah. p. 640. FI. Suec. p. 296. Haller. Hift. p. on, Scopoti FI. Carniol. v. 2. 146. BELLIS fylveftris minor. Bauhin. Pin. 261. Gerard, emac. 635. Parkinfon 530. Raii Syn. p. 184. Hudfon. FI. Angi. 320. Oeder. FI. Dan. Icon. 503. RADIX perennis, fibrofa. FOLIA ovata, dentata, hirfutula, in petiolos longos decurrentia; difrupta fila trahentia. SCAPI teretes, hirfuti, triunciales, uniflori, ad apicem fiftulofi. CALYX communis fimplex, foliolis 1, apice membranaceis, hirfutis, obtufis, fig. 2. lente au6L COROLLA compofita, radiata: Corollulce hermaphro- ditae tubulofae, numerofae in difco. Foemi- nince ligulatae, calycis foliis plures in radio. Flofculi Hermaphroditi infundibuliformes, quinquefidiflavi, fig. 3, 4. lente auft. Fcemi- ncei ligulati, lanceolati, albi, fig. 10. STAMINA Hermaphroditis: Filamenta quinque breviflima, fig. 5. Anthera cylindracea, tubulofa, fig. 6. PISTILLUM Hermaphroditis: Germen ovatum, 9. Stylus 8. Stigma crafli- ufculum, bifidam, jig. 7. Fxmincd: Ger- men ovatum, fig. 13. Stylus filiformis. Stigmata duo patula, linearia, fig. n. SEMINA ovata, comprefla, marginata, pappo defli- tuta, fig. 14. RECEPTACULUM nudum, conicum, fig. 15. ROOT perennial, and fibrous. LEAVES oval, indented, (lightly hirfute, running down the foot-ftalks, which are long, and if broke acrofs appear ftringy, STALKS round, hirfute, about three inches high, fup- porting one flower, at top hollow. CALYX : the common calyx fimple, the leaves equal, fig. i. at the top membranous, hairy and ob- tufe, fig. 2. one of the tips magnified. COROLLA compound and radiated: the Corollul& or flofculi in the di(k or middle numerous, tubular, and hermaphrodite, thofe in the ra- dius or circumference flat, more numerous than the leaves of the calyx, and female. The Hermaphrodite Flofculi funnel fhaped, divi- ded into five fegments and yellow, fig-. 3. 4- magnified. The Female Flofculi tubular at bottom, flat towards the extremity, lanceo- late, and white, fig. 10. STAMINA in the Hermaphrodite flower: five Fila- ments very fhort, fig. 5. Anthera uni- ted into a tube, fig. 6. PISTILLUM of the Hermaphrodite flower: Germen oval, fig. 9. Style thread-fhaped, fig, 8. Stigma thickifh and bifid, fig. 7. of the Fe- male flower: Germen oval, fig. 13. Style thread-fhaped, two Stigmata narrow and fpreading, fig. 11. SEEDS oval, flat, margined, without any pappus or down, fig. 14. RECEPTACLE naked and of a conic figure, fig. k. The Daify has been recommended by fome writers to be given in he&ic fevers, caufed by drinking cold water when the blood has been heated by exercife, either infufed in water or milk. In fome parts of Germany, it is faid to be boiled and eaten with meat as a pot-herb; but it does not feem to promife much either as phyfic or food for man. Sheep and horfes refufe it; and it is very probable, that none of our cattle eat it willingly. If fo, the owners of lands pay dear for their enamelled meads, and daified car- pets; but this part of hufbandry feems as yet little underftood or attended to. As rural ceconomifts we have ventured to fay thus much in difpraife of this flower, notwithftanding the lavi(h encomiums the father of our Englifh poets has beftowed on it: ln fpecial one called Se of the daie The Daifie, a floure white and rede. And in French called La hel Margarets, O commendable floure, &c. Above all flouris in the mede Than love I mod thofe flouris white and rede, Such that men callen Dailies in our Town. Chaucer is perhaps the firft that takes notice of the Horologium Florae, or opening and (hutting of flowers at a particular time of the day. She that is of all flouris the floure. Fulfilled of all virtue and honoure; And ever alike fair and frefh of hewe. As well in winter as in fummer newe. As foon as ever the Sunne ginneth Weft To fene this floure, how it will go to reft. For fear of night, fo hateth (he darknefle; Her chere is plainly fpread in the brightnefle Of the Sunne. Well by reafon men it calle maie The Daifie, or elfe the Eye of the Daie, And at the laft there, tho began anon A Lady for to fing right womanly A Bargonet in praifing the Daifie; For has methought among her nods fwete She faid Si douce ejl la Margarets. Retuned by Dryden in his own numbers: And when the Band of Flutes began to play. To which a Lady fung a Virelay: And (fill at every clofe (he would repeat The burden of the Song, the Daify is fo /met. The Daify is fo fwest when (he begun, The troops of Knights and Dames continued on The Concert, and the voice fo charm’d my Ear And footh d my Soul that it was Heaven to hear. Etymologifts agree with the Old Bard in his derivation of the Daify, viz. Days Eye. Under the French name Margarette it is probable a compliment was intended to fome lady, but Critics are not agreed who this lady was. Like many other flowers, the Daify becomes double by culture, and frequently proliferous: in this (late it is* called the Hen and Chicken Daify. /'/o/r/ os/o/ Yf/f'f. Viola Odorata. Sweet Violet. VIOLA Linncei Gen. PI. Syngenesia Monogamia. Calyx pentaphyllus. Corolla pentapetala, irregularis, pollice cornuta. Capfula fupera, trivalvis, unilocularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. Herba: pentapetala vasculiferje. VIOLA odorata acaulis, foliis cordatis, ftolonibus reptantibus, braftaeis fupra medium pedunculi. VIOLA odorata, acaulis, foliis cordatis, ftolonibus reptantibus. Linn. Syft. Vegetal, p. 668. VIOLA acaulis ftolonifera, foliis cordatis. Haller Hijt. heh. n. 558 VIOLA odorata. Scopoh Id. Cam. n. 1097 VIOLA martia purpurea flore ftmplici odoro. Bauhin. Pm. p. 1 99. martia alba. p. 199 VIOLA nigra five purpurea. Ger. emac. 550 VIOLA fimplex martia. Parkinfon 755. Ran Syn. p. 364« Purple Sweet \ iolet, and White Sweet- fcented Violet. Oeder. FI, Dan. Icon. 309. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, albida, in fenefcente planta bafi petiolorum quotannis relifta pars fuperior radicis tuberculofa evadit, et fupra terram emi- net; e finu horum nodorum nafcunturftolones, qui humi repent, et foliis inftruuntur ftipulif- que ejufdem formas ac illas quas ad bafin plantas inveniuntur. ROOT perennial, fibrous, andwhitifh; in old plants the upper part of the root becomes knobby, and appears above ground, the knots or knobs being formed from the bottoms of the foot- ftalks of the leaves which are yearly left; from the bofoms of thefe knobs fpring the ftolones or fhoots which creep on the ground, and are furnifhed with leaves and the fame kind of Stipulae which are obfervable at the bottom of the plant. LEAVES heart-lhaped, and fomewhat round at the tip, crenated,onthe upper fide fraooth and finning, underneath (lightly hairy, when young rolled in at the edges. STIPUL/E fpringing from the root, ovato-lanceolate, membranous, ferrated at the edges, each ferra- ture or tooth terminating in a minute gland. PEDUNCLES fpringing from the root, below the Brafleae quadrangular, above the Brafcfeae grooved on the upper fide, at top incurvated, iupporting one flower. BRACTEAE two, lanceolate, generally oppofitcto each other, prefied to the ftalk, and placed above the middle of the Peduncle. CALYX: a Perianthium of five leaves, continuing, each leaf of an oblong ovate drape, obtufe at the tip, and of a greemlh purple i. COROLLA: of five Petals, irregular, of a bluifh pur- ple colour and fweet fmell, the lowermod ter- minating in a blunt horned Nectarium, a little flattened at the extremity, the two fide Petals bearded near the bafe, fig, 2. STAMINA: five Filaments fo fhort as hardly to be dillinguifhed; Anther jE yellowifh, bilocular, fcarcely connected together, terminated by an ovate, pointed, orange-coloured membrane ; from the back -of each of the Antherae, fprings a {lender, fiat, greenifh appendage, which enters the Ne&arium, fig. 5, 4, 3. PISTILLUM: Germen roundifh; Style flende red at bottom, and a little twilled; Stigma hooked and a little longer than the 6, 7. SEED-VESSEL, before it burds, roundifh, rather ap- proaching to triangular, of a purplidi colour, and villous appearance, fplitting into three roundifh hollow valves, fig. 8. SEEDS feveral, round, fhining, of a draw colour, ter- -1 minated by a little appendage, fig. 9. FOLIA fubrotundo-cordata, crenata, fuperne glabra, inferne hirfutula, junioribus involutis. STIPULAl. radicales, ovato-lanceolatas, membranaceae, ferratae, dentibus glanduliferis. PEDUNCULI radicales, infra Braftaeas quadrangulares, fupra Braftaeas dorfo canaliculati, apice incur- vati, uniflori. BRACTEAL duae, lanceolatae, plerumque oppofitas, ap- preflae, fupra medium pedunculi. CALYX: Perianthium pentaphyllum, perfidens, fo- liolis oblongo-ovatis, obtufis, e viridi purpu- rafcentibus, fg,i. COROLLA pentapetala, irregularis, violacea, odorata, petalum infimum Ne&ario corniculato, obtufi- ufculo, apice compreflb infiruftum, Petala la- teralia prope bafin barbata; fs■ 2- STAMINA: Filamenta quinque brevilfima aegre dif- tin guenda: An thera fiavefcentes,biloculares, vix connexae, membrana ovato-acuta auranti- aca terminatae; e parte pofteriori fingulaeAn- therae exit Neclariumque intrat appendicula viridis, linearis, comprefla, 7%. 5,4, 3; PISTILIUM: Ge rmen fubrotundum; Stylus bafi tenuior et paululum tortuofus : Stigma unci- natum, Antheris paulo longius, 7%. 6, 7. PERICARPIUM priufquam dehifcit, fubrotundo-tri- angulare, purpurafcens, villofum; trivalve, valvulis fubrotundis concavis, Jig. 8. SEMINA plurima, rotunda, nitida, ftraminea, appen- diculata, fg. g. The Viola odorata delights to grow under warm hedges, particularly near Woods. If the Spring be favourable, it is generally in full bloSm in the month of March; and towards the latter end of Summer ripens its feeds, A variety of this plant frequently occurs with a white flower, not inferior in its agreeable fcent to the blue one ; and fometimes this plant is found double, in which ftate it is often introduced into Gardens, and being lurmlhed with abundance of creeping fhoots, it is, by means of thefe, propagated with the utmoft facility. This fpecies of Violet bears a confiderable refemblance to the Viola hirta, the mode of diftinguifhing them we Ihall point out when we defcribe the latter. A fvrun made from the flowers is ufually kept in the Atop, and frequently given to children where a gentle laxative is required. It is likewife in ufe as a left to try acid and alkaline fubftances. The feeds are faid by Authors to poflefs a diuretic quality, and hence the powder of them has been recommended in the ftone and gravel. The great Bacon, who frequently defcended from his fublimer ftudies, and amufed himfelf with inquiries into the qualities and properties of plants, has left us a curious method of preferving the fcent of this flower. “ Take Violets, and infufe a good pugil in a quart of Vinegar, let them Jiand three quarters of an hour, and take them “forth, and refrefh the infuflon with like quantity of Vlolets feven times ; and it will make a Vinegar fo frejh of “ the flower, as, if a twelve month after it he brought you in a faucer, you Jh all fnell it before it come at you, “ Note. It fnellcth more perfectly of the flower a good while after than at the firfld The illuflrious prefcriber has given no dire&ions concerning the ufe of this preparation; but it appears to us, to be one of the moll grateful prefervatives againft infeftion, efpecially if the flrongeft diftilled vinegar, which has been drawn over in glafs, be made ufe of. The Violet has been much complimented by the ancient Poets; and our Shakespeare gives it a confpicuous place in his catalogue of flowers : ££ Violets dim, ££ But fweeter than the lids of Juno’s eyes, “ Or Cytherea’s breath'd The Commentators have not been fuccefsful in informing us how the “lids c/’JunoV eyesf bear any refemblancc to ££ Violets dim” not recolle&ing that io£\t;'r Viola Tricolor. Wild Pansi e. VIOLA. Linn. Gen. PL Syngenesia Monogamia, Rail Syn. Gen. 20. Herbie Pentapetal/E Vasculifer^e. VIOLA tricolor, caule triquetro diffufo, foliis oblongis incifis, ftipulis pinnatifidis. Linn. Syjl. Ver* p. 668. Fl.Suec. 307. VIOLA caule diffufo, ramofo, foliis ovatis dentatis, flore calyce paulo majori, Haller Hijl. tom. 1. n. 569. VIOLA bicolor arvenfis. C. Bauhin Pin* 200. VIOLA tricolor fylveftris. Park. 755. JACEA bicolor frugum et hortorum vitium. J. Bauhin III. 548. Rail Syri. p. 336* 11* Hudfoii FI. Angl.p. 331. Scopoli FI. Carn. p. 183. RADIX fimplex, fibrofa. CAULIS palmaris et ultra, plerumque diffufus, ramo- fus, angulofus, ad bafin fordide purpureus ; rami alterni. FOLIA longe petiolata, elliptica, crenata, inferioribus faepe minoribus, fubrotundis, fuperioribus anguftis, fubdentatis. STIPULAE ad bafin laciniato-pinnatifidae, laciniis linearibus, extrema oblonga, dentata. PEDUNCULI fubquadrangulares, alterni, apice in- curvati, dorfo canaliculati, ftipulis duobus parvis, membranaceis, prope florem inftruFli. CALYX: Perianthium pentaphyllum, perfidens, foliolis acutis, tria Juperiora minora, ad / bafin aequalia, fuprema erefta, petalis fupre- mis longiora, duo inferiora apice et bafi caeteris longiora, bafique latiora, petalis infimis breviora, fg. 2. COROLLA pentapetala, irregularis, duo fuperiora fubrotunda, integerrima, albida, deorfum fpeftantia; lateralium lamina ovata, obtufa, ad bafin barbata, lineaque brevi purpurea notata; infimum latum emarginatum, ad bafin flavum, lineis quinque purpureis pic- tum, Calcare seu Nectario terminatum NECTAREUM longitudine calycis, apice violaceo, obtufo, fg. 3, 4, 5, 6. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, breviflima; An- theri albidae, vix coadunatae, biloculares, membrana crocea terminatae, e duobus infe- rioribus exeunt, ne&ariumque intrant, ap- pendiculae duae lineares, fg. 7, 8. 9, 10. PISTILLUM: Ge rmen fubconicum, fg. 11; Sty- lus ad bafin tortuofus, flaminibus longior, Jig. 32; Stigma capitatum, oblique perfo- ratum, perfiftens, Jig. 13. PERICARPIUM; Capsula ovata, glabra, unilocu- laris, trivalvis, fg. 14, 15. SEMINA plurima, ovata, fufca, nitida, appendicula- ta, valvis feriatim affixa, fig. 15. ROOT Ample and fibrous. STALK about four or fix inches high, generally fpread- ing, branched, angular, at bottom of a dull purple colour; the branches alternate. LEAVES placed on long foot-ftalks, elliptical, crena- ted, the lowerrnoft often fmaller and roundifh, the uppermoft narrow and (lightly indented. STIPUL/E at bottom jagged and pinnatifid, the laci- niae or jags linear, that which terminates the Stipula oblong and indented* FOOT-S I ALKS of the flowers, nearly quadrangular, alternate, bent in at top, channelled on the back, and furnifhed with two fmall membra- * nous Stipulae near the flower. CALYX:; a Perianthium of five leaves and conti- nuing, the leaves (harply pointed, the three upper ones fmallefl, and equal at bottom, the uppermoft upright arid longer than the uppermoft petals, the two under Leaves longer both at bottom and top than the reft, and at bottom likewife broader, fhorter than the lowerrnoft petals, fig;. 2. COROLLA pentapetalous and irregular, the two uppermoft petals roundilh, entire, and re- fletfted; the lamina or broad part of the fide petals ovate, obtufe, bearded at bottom, and marked with a (hort purple line; the lowerrnoft petal broad, emarginate, yellow at bottom, and ftreaked with five purple lines, and terminated by a NECTARY. Spur or Nectary the length of the calyx, with a blueifh and blunt point, Jig. 3. 4» s’P* STAMINA; five Filaments very flnort; Anthers whitilh. fcarcely united, bilocular, terminated by a laffron coloured membrane; from the two lowerrnoft two linear appendages go off and enter the neftary, fig. 7, 8, 9, 10. PISTILLUM; Ge rmen fomewnat conical, 11; Style twifted at bottom and longer than the ftarnina, fig. 12; Stigma forming a little head, obliquely perforated and conti- l3. SEED-VESSEL: an ovate fmooth Capsule of one cavity and three valves, 14, 35. SEEDS numerous, ovate, brown, and finning, with a button to each, affixed in rows to the infide of the valves, Jig. 15. Few plants have acquired a greater variety of names than the Viola Tricolor. In different Authors, and different counties, we hnd the following, viz. Wild Panfie, Herb Trinity, Heart’s-Eafe, Three Faces under a Hood* Cull me to you, Love in Idlenefs, See. What has occafioned fome of thefe is the different appearance it puts on from cultivation and change of foil. In a garden there are few flowers that can boafl a greater variety or richnefs of colour, few that continue longer in blofforn, or are cultivated with more eafe. It is probable, that the large yellow Violet, Viola lutea, is no more than a variety of this fpecies. The Panfie in its wild Rate occurs very frequently in cultivated fields, and bloffoms through moff of the fummer months. It is fo hardy as to appear in Lapland amongff the few other plants which ornament the waftes of that country during its fhort Summer. It is eaten by Kine and Goats. The difference in the form of the Stigma feems to divide the plants of this Genus into two families, viz, Panfies and Violets, In the former the Stigma is round, with a remarkable hole on one fide of it; in the latter it is hooked. Lin remarks the black lines which fometimes appear on the Petals. Milton had obferved the fame, “ Panfiesfreakt with jet.” In a poor foil the purple and yellow in the bloom of this flower frequently become very faint, and fometimes fade into a perfefl white. This variation into colour gives a propriety to the Meta- morphofis of this flower, in which Shakespeare pays an elegant compliment to his royal Miflrefs. That very time I fare (but thou could’ft not) Flying between the cold Moon and the Earth, Cupid all-arm d: a certain aim he took At a fair Vefial, throned by the Weft, And loos’d his love-Jhaftfmartly from his bow, As it fiould pierce a hundred thoufand hearts: But I might fee young Cupid’s fiery jhaft Quench’d in the chafie beams of the watery Moon, And the imperial votrefs paffed on, In maiden meditation fancy-free. Yet mark’d I where the bolt of Cupid fell; It fell upon a little wefiern flower, Before milk-white: now purple with Love’s wound, And Maidens call it Love in Idlenefs. Ophrys Apifera. Bee Orchis. OPHRYS. Linn. Gen. PL ed. 3. Gynandria Diandria. ORCHIS. Rail Syn. ed. 3. 379. Herb.e Bulbosis Affines. OPHRYS apifera bulbis fubrotundis, fcapo foliofo, ne&arii labio quinquelobo; lobis fubtus inflexis* Hudfon FI. Angl. 340. ORCHIS radicibus fubrotundis, labello holofericeo, emarginato, appendiculato. Haller Hijl. vol. 2. 1266. tab. 24. Duas fpecies apiferam et mujciferam Hudson is et Haller i Tub uno nomine Infediferoe conjungit Cl. Linnalus. Fufchii Icon. 560. Bauh. Pin. 83. Gcr. emac. 212. RADIX Bulbi duo, fubrotundi, inaequales, radiculis longis vix fibrofis fupra inftru&h CAULIS femipedalis aut pedalis, teres, fig. 1, foliofus. FOLIA vaginantia, ovato-lanceolata, fubtus fubargen- tea, lineata, faepe mutilata et fufca. BRACTEAE magnce, vaginantes, virides, longitudine floris. FLORES a tribus ad fex, fpicati. COROLLA: Petala quinque, tria exteriora reliquis majora, ovata, concava, reflexa, purpura- fcentia, ferioribus pallidioribus, fubcarinata, carina viridi, fig. 2 ; duo interiora exteriori- bus quadruplo minora, angufta, hirfuta, pojt~ ice canaliculata, ad bafin latiora, antrorfum . extantia. NECTARII. Labellum amplum, leniter convexum, fuborbiculatum, fufco-fericeum, maculis fla- vis frequenter variegatum, quinquelobum, lobis inflexis, fig. 3; lateralibus fubtriangula- ribus, hirfutis, fig. 4; medio anteriorum produ&iore, apice recurvato, flavo, fig. 5; machina flaminum five* Stylus longa, fube- refta, apice incurvata et furfum recurvata, fig. 11 ; antice bilocularis, loculis apertis, fig. 12; anguftis, marginibus albis, membra- 13. STAMINA: Filamenta duo, fig. 6; e fquamula neftarifera ad bafin Styli exeuntia, nutantia. Stigmati frequenter adhaerentia, fig. 8 ; bafi glandula five globulo albo pellucido inftru&a, fig. 7; Anthers fubrotundae, flavae, fig. g. PISTILLUM: Ge rmen oblongum, hexangulare, angulis obtufis redis; Stigma, fig. io, melleo liquore obduftum, cui particulae An- therarum frequenter adhaerent. PERICARPIUM : Capsula oblonga, fufca, uncialis, fig. 14; unilocularis, fig. 16; trivalvis, val- vis carinatis, 15. SEMINA plurima, minuta, oblonga, utraque extre- mitate membranacea, pellucida, reticulata, fig. 18; lente aucfa, interiori parti carinae longitudinaliter affixa, fig. 17. ROOT two roundifh unequal bulbs, furnifhed at top with a few fmall longifh fibres, but little branched. STALK from half a foot to a foot high, round, fig. i, leafy. LEAVES embracing the ftalk, of an ovate pointed (hape, underneath filvery, with linear fibres, frequently imperfeft, and of a brown colour. FLORAL LEAVES large, in the form of a Jheath, green, and of equal length with the flowers. FLOWERS from three to fix, growing in a fpike. COROLLA: five Petals, the three exterior larger than the reft, ovate, concave, turning back, purplifh, fomewhat keel-fhaped, the keel green, fig. 2; the latter flowering paleft; the two interior four times fmaller than the others, narrow, hairy, hollow behind, broadeft at bottom, and projecting forward. NECTARY. The Lip of the Neftary large, fomewhat convex, roundifh, of a filky brown colour, fre- quently variegated with yellow fpots; having five lobes, the lobes bending underneath, fig. 3 ; the two fide lobes fomewhat triangular and hairy, fig. 4; the middle of the anterior run- ning out to a point, which turns back, and is of a yellow colour, fig. 5 ; the Style, which in this plant fupports the (lamina, long, up- right, at the tip bending downwards, and again upwards, fig. ll; anteriorly, having two ca- vities which are open and narrow, fig. 12; the edges white and membranous, Jig. 13. STAMINA: two 6; ariiing from the bottom of the Style out of a neUariferous fcale, hanging down, frequently adhering to the Stigma, Jig. B; furnifhed at bottom with a fmall tranfparent gland or globule, 7%-. 7 ; .the roundifh and yellow, fig. g. PISTILLUM: the Germen oblong, having fix angles, the angles obtufe, not twjied; the Stigma, fig, 10, covered with a vifcid fubftance like honey, to which fmall particles of the An- therae frequently adhere. SEED-VESSEL: a Capsule about an inch in length, oblong, brown, Jig. 14; or one cavity, 16; and three valves, the valves keel-flraped, fig. 15. SEEDS numerous, fmall, oblong; at each end mem- branous, tranfparent, and 18; magnified, affixed lengthwife to the infide of the keel of each valve. Jig. 17. Flowers in the Months of June and July, the Seed is ripe the latter end of Auguft. Grows generally on chalky ground near woods, and fometimes in meadows; is become fo rare about London, as fcarcely to be found with any certainty. Mr. Alchorne informs me he has frequently gathered it in the pits behind Charlton-Church, and in the woods near Chiffidhurfi in Kent: but it is often met with in plenty at a greater diftance from town. The root appears to poffefs the fame virtues with thofe of the the Orchis from which Salep is made, but being much fmaller, is not worth cultivating on that account. The great refemblance which the flower bears to a Bee, makes it much fought after by Florifts, whofe curiofity indeed, often prompts them to exceed the bounds of moderation, rooting up all they find, without leaving a fingle fpecimen to cheer the heart of the Student in his botanic excurfions. The beft time of tranfplanting them is when they are in flower. This, with moft of the other Orchis’s, was cultivated with the greateft fuccefs by the late Peter Collinson, Efq. (whofe memory will always be revered by every Botanift) in his garden at Mill-Hill.—His method was to place them in a foil and fituation as natural to them as poffible, and to fuffer the grafs and herbage to grow round them. I have not yet heard of their being propagated by feed; it is to be wiftied that fome intelligent Gardener would exert himfelf in making fome experiments to raife them in this way. Botanifts have often been at a lofs in claffing many plants, to find fome refemblance by which they might diftinguifh their particular fpecies; but in this plant the cafe is otherwife, the flower is fo like the infeft that gives it its name, that it ftrikes every beholder with admiration; what ufeful purpofe is intended by it, we do not at prefent know: fome future obferver may perhaps difcover, for they who will examine Nature herfelf, " have much to fee.” ('ht////'>' k/fu/ SEMINA plurima, ovata, aut fubreniformia flava, fig- 7> 8* ROOT creeps obliquely under the furface of the earth, fending forth a number of fibres from little tubercles, which are plentifully diftnbuted over its furface, about the thicknefs of the little finger, fometimes flenderer, covered with brown mqlfy fcales, externally of a pale yellow colour, internally greenifh, of a tafle at firfi; fweet, but finally fourifh and aftringent. STALKS fmooth, grooved on the inner fide. LEAVES from half a foot to a foot in length, pin- natifid ; the pinnae oblong, (lightly ferrated, obtufe, palifh underneath. CAPSULES placed in a row on each fide the midrib of the leaf, in large, yellow, round dots, handing on foot-ftalks, of a roundifh fhape, with the furface granulated from the feeds' proliferating, furnilhed with a fhort elaftic fpring, and opening into two valves, 2. 3» T 5> 6- SEEDS numerous, oval or fomewhat kidney-fliaped, of a yellow colour. Jig. 7, 8. In all thofe plants of the Fern Tribe which I have hitherto had an opportunity of examining, there appears to be much the fame mechamfm in their parts of fruaification ; one of the mo ft ftriking and ufeful of which is the elaftic ring which furrounds the Capfules, by means of which they are forced open, and the feeds dif- charged. ..o neceflary a part one fhould not conceive would be wanting in any of thefe plants, nor will it I believe, be found to be fo; yet many Botanifts, and thofe too of eminence, not only deny its exiftence' but make the want of it a charafter to diftinguifh this Genus. Gleditch gives us the following as part of the generic charader of the Polypodium “ Capfuloe annulo dejlitutce.” Adanson alfo gives it the fame cha- racter, “ fans anneau.” It will, perhaps, not be difficult to account for this miftake ; and, at the fame time it will hew us how injurious it is to fcience, for Authors to take things for granted without examining for themlelves. In Tournefort’s elegant figures of the Genera, the Capfules of the Polypodium are reprefented without any ring: on the truth of thefe figures, it is highly probable, that thofe Authors have relied ; for had they maae ufe of their own eyes, affifted by a fmall magnifier, they could not have avoided feeing'what Malpighi long before their time delineated, though rudely, and Gleichen fince more elegantly figured. There is one circumftance attending this fpecies of Polypodium, which however does not run through the whole of this Genus, viz. the want of an Involucrum or Membrane; the little dots or affemblage of Capfules are not covered with any membrane ; or if there be a membrane, it is very early deciduous, and not vifible when the Capfules have arrived at a tolerable degree of maturity. This fpecies of Polypody grows very common in woods and fhady lanes on the old flumps of various trees • it differs much in fize. fometimes it occurs on the Oak, in which cafe its virtue, as a medicine, has been more celebrated. Its effefts, when taken inwardly, are (lightly purgative : it has been recommended in various diforders of the Vifcera, in the Cachexy, fwelling of the Spleen, Jaundice, obflruftions of the Mefenteric Glands, Hypo- chondriac Difeafe, Cough, Afthma, Sec. but it has generally been given with feme other medicines. * * * In the prefent pra&ice it is but little regarded. /I r sO/lyum/' scoAatut/Mf / Bryum Scoparium. Broom Bryum. BRYUM. Linn. Gen. PL Cryptogamia Musci, Raii Syn. Gen. 3. Musci. BRYUM fcoparium, antheris ereftiufculis, pedunculis aggregatis, foliis fecundis recurvatis, caule declinato. Linn. Syft. Veg. p. 797. HYPNUM foliis falcatis, heteromallis; vaginis multifloris. Haller Hiji. n. 1777. HYPNUM fcoparium. Scopoli FI. Carn. p. 334. Diagn. Florefcentia hyemalis. Folia arcuata, fecunda, tenuia. Setae faepe plures. BRYUM fcoparium: furculo declinato, ramofo, foliis fecundis, recurvatis, primordialibus plumulofis. Necker. method, mufc. p. 224. HYPNUM fcoparium. Weis. Cryptogam, p, 213 BRYUM reclinatum, foliis falcatis, fcoparum effigie. The ficklc-leafied bending Beafcm Bryum. Dillen. mufc. p. 357. tab. 46. fig. 16. BRYUM eredis capitulis anguflifolium, caule reclinato. Cat. Gfs. 222. Raii Syn. 95. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 406. STALKS From one to two inches high and more, nearly' upright, branched, growing thickly together, of a dirty red colour, and covered at uottom with a dark brown woolly fubftance. LEAVES : the leaves cover the fiaik unequally, hence, in Tome places it is left rather naked, in others more thickly covered with leaves, particu- larly towards the top, are long, linear, point- ed, grooved. fig. i. bent back, and turning all one way. FOOT-STALKS an inch or two inches high, towards the bottom reddifh, upright, ariling generally from the fide of the ftalks, but fometimes from the top, mo ft commonly fingle, but now and then two proceed ffom the fame peri- chaetium, furnifhed at bottom with a cylindri- cal bulb, fig. 7. which is enclofed by many broadifh leaves, terminating in a hair, and eafily feparated by a needle, 8. 9. CAPSULES oblong and almoft cylindrical, fometimes upright, fometimes a little incurvated, fig. 3. the Operculum the length of the Capfule, and of the fame colour, terminating in a long llender point,fig. 4; the Mouth ciliated or furnifhed with little teeth, fig. 5 ; the Calyp- tra ftraw-coloured, the length of the Cap- fule, after burfting in the middle clofely embracing the Capfule by its bafe. Jig, 2 ; the Pollen green, Jig. 6. CAULES unciales aut biunciales et ultra, fuberedi, ramofi, in denfo caefpite colledi, fordide rufi, infra multo tomento fufeo obfui. FOLIA caulem inaequaliter circumflant, hinc in qui- bufdam locis nudiufculus relinquitur, in aliis foliis crebrioribus veftitur, praecipue ad api- cem, longa, linearia, acuminata, canaliculata, Jig. 1. recurvata, fecunda, PEDUNCULI unciales, aut biunciales, ad bafin rubi- cundi, eredi, ex uno latere caulium plerum- que oriuntur, aliquando vero ex apice, ut plurimum folitarii, fubinde vero duo ex eo- dem perichaetio proveniunt, baft bulbillo cy- lindraceo terminati, jig. 7. qui foliis pluri- bus latiufculis, pilo terminatis, acu facile feparabilibus includitur, Jig. 8, 9. CAPSULAE oblongae et fere cylindraceae, nunc eredae, nunc paululum incurvatae, jig. 3; Opercu- lum roftratum, tenue, longitudine capfuls et concolor, Jig. 4; Ora ciliata five denticulata, fig. 5; Calyptra ftraminea, longitudine Capfulae, poftquam medio difrumpitur, bafi fuo capfulam arde cingit, Jig. 2; Pollen, viride, fig. 6. Di llenius very juflly remarks, that this Mofs feems to partake of the nature of both Bryum and Hypnum ; but in his opinion it comes nearell to the Bryum; and of the fame fentiment appear to be Linn.rus and Necker, while Haller, Scopoli, and Weis, rank it among the Hypnums, and this they are led to chiefly from the Peduncles being furniffied at bottom with a kind of Perichcetium; but Dillenius very properly obferves, that although the Peduncle is furrounded at bottom by many fquamcc or fioholi; yet thefe are not limilar to what occur in the generality of Hypnums, as they may with the point of a pin be eafily feparated from one another, and then the bafe of the Peduncle appears to be furniffied with a bulbillus as in moft of the . Bryums: this circumflance, added to its general habit, appears fully to juflify this mofl excellent Botanifl in placing it with the Bryums, from whence it ought not to have been feparated without more weighty reafons than have been advanced. This Mofs diflinguiffies itfelf from mofl others by its beautiful and lively verdure. When young it puts on a very different appearance from what it has when farther advanced, being much fhorter, and its leaves upright; and Dillenjus has fometimes remarked in this fpecies Stellulcefoemineoe. It grows in very large clumps or patches, forming a foil and delightful carpet, on the banks which furround woods, at the bottom of trees, and on heaths. It is found on fome parts of Hampftead-Fleath, producing its fru&ifications in February and March, Bryum Undulatum. Curled Bryum. BRYUM. Linn, Gen. PI. Cryptogamia Musci. Rail Syn. Gen. 3. Musci. BRYUM (undulatum) antheris erediufculis, pedunculis fubfolitariis, foliis lanceolatis carinatis undu latis patentibus ferratis. Linn. Syfi. Veg, p. 797. BRYUM foliis lanceolatis ferratis, capfulis cylindricis inclinatis ariftatis. Haller Hift. tom. 2. 1823. BRYUM phyllitidifiolium: furculo fimplici, foliis undato-ferrulatis, primordialibus plumulofis. Necker. method, mvficor. p. 203. cur nomen triviale a Cl. Neckero mutaretur non video, cum analogia unde nomen ejus fumitur obfcura fit, obfervante Cl. Scopoli. BRYUM Phyllitidis folio rugofo acuto, capfulis incurvis. Billen, mufc. 360. tab. 46. fig. 18. BRYUM undulatum. Scopoli FI. Cam. n. 1301. Raii Syn. p. 95. 16. Hudfon FI. Angl. 406. Weis Cryptogam. 196. (Eder FI. Dan. tab. 497. noftris duplo faltem minor, cum oper- culo nimis redo et acuto. SURCULI unciales, aut biunciales, plerumque fim- plices, ereSi, folioli. FOLIA lanceolata, undulata, carinata, fer rato-acule- ata, patentia, arefatlione involuta, fig. 1. PEDUNCULI fimplices (duo ex eodem furculo nonnunquam proveniunt) furculis plerumque longiores, ereSi, rubri, fig. 2. CAPSULA five Anthera cylindracea, incurvata, lente vifa fubftriata, primum viridis, dein ex livido-fufca, demum rufa, fig. 3; bafis Oper- culi hemifphaerica, rubra, apex pallida, fe- tacea, obtufiufcula, fig. 5; Capfulac Ora ciliata Ciliis inflexis, fig. 7; Annulus ruber, fig. 6; Pollen feu Semen viride, fs- 8- CALYPTRA pallide fufca, acuminata, primum ereSa, flexura capfulae difrumpitur, et reSa manet, bafique fu a a Capfula fecedit, fig. 4. STALKS from one to two inches high, generally Ample, upright and leafy. LEAVES lanceolate, waved, keel-fhaped, minutely and Jharply ferrated at the edges, fpreading, when dry curling in, fig. i. FOOT-STALKS of the falsification fimple (Tome- times two proceed from the fame Talk] gene- rally longer than the Talks, upright, and of a reddifli colour, fig, 2. CAPSULE or Anthera cylindrical, incurvated, if magnified appearing fomewhat filiated; firfi green, then livid-brown, and laftly of a red- difti brown colour, fig 3; the bottom of the Operculum hemifpherical and red, the top paler, very (lender and rather blunt, fig. 5; the Mouth of the Capfule furnifhed with Cilia:, which bend 7; the An- nulus or Ring red, fig. 6; the Pollen or Seed green, fig. 8. CALYPTRA of a pale brown colour, and terminating in a long point, firfi upright, afterwards by the bending of the Capfule it becomes burft at bottom, and remains firaight, with its bafe at fome little diftance from the Capfule. This fpecies of Bryum is one of the largeft we have in this Country, it produces its frudification from November to February, and may be found in moft of the woods near Town, as well as on the heaths, but more particularly in Charlton-Wood, where it abounds. As all its parts of frudification are large and diftind, the botanic Student who would inveftigate this difficult clafs of plants, cannot, with this view, feled any mofs more proper for his purpofe. Ql'ndu/alUnv Bryu m Hornum. S wan’s-Neck Bryum. MNIUM. Linn. Gen. PL Cryptogamia Musci. Mafculus flos pedunculatus. Femineus flos in diftinfto faepius individuo. Rail Syn. Gen. 3. Musci. MNIUM hornum antheris pendulis, pedunculo curvato, furculo fimplici, foliolis margine fcabris. Linn. Syfi. Peg. p. 796. BRYUM hornum furculo capitulifero ramoliufculo: ftellifero fimplici, primordialibus plumulofis. Necker, Method. Mufc. p. 215. MNIUM foliis lanceolatis, imbricatis, capfulis pendulis cylindricis obtufis. Haller HIJI. helv. 3. p. 54. MNIUM hornum ferratifolium. Weis Cryptogam. 149. BRYUM antheris oblongis nutantibus pedunculo curvato, foliolis ovatis, margine fcabris. Hudfon FL Angl.p. 415. BRYUM ftellare hornum fylvarum, Capfulis magnis nutantibus. Dillen. Mufc. 402. BRYUM nitidum capitulis majoribus reflexis, calyptra imum vergente, pediculis oblongis e cauliculis novis egredientibus. Rail Syn. p. 102. 51. Ad majores accedit haec fpecies. CAULES unciales aut biunciales, radiculis ferrugineis, valde tomentofis inflrufti, erefti, plerumque ramofi, pedunculiferi et ftelliferi, ad bafm rubicundi. Stellulae et Pedunculi, nunc feorfim, nunc ex eadem radice proveniunt, unufque aut plures Surculi e bafi caulis fem- per fere nafcuntur. FOLIA faturate viridia, ovato-Ianceolata, fuberefta, pellucida, ad lentem minute ferrata, fig. i; nervo medio diftinfto et in mucronem brevem edufto, in furculis fcemineis diftis apice ftel- latim expanfa, et paulo latiora, in junioribus anguftiora et cauli magis adpreffa. PEDUNCULI terminales, biunciales, rubrae, verfus apicem ut refte obfervavit Dillenius inflar colli olorini incurvati. CAPSULAE oblong ce, tumidae, virides, nutantes, lente auftae, fig. 7 ; per longitudinem feftae ut Receptaculum confpiciatur, fig. g; Ca- lyptra longa, acuminata, caduca, fig. 6; Operculum breve, flavefcens, fig. 8; Ora ciliata. This fpecies comes near to the largefl fize. STALKS from one to two inches in height, furnifhed with roots which are of a ferruginous colour, and covered with a kind of woolly fubflance, upright and generally branched, reddifh at bottom, producing both Pedunculi and Stellulae, which proceed fometimes from the fame, fometimes from different roots, and one or feveral Surculi ufually fpring from the bottom of the ftalk. LEAVES of a deep green colour, of an ovate pointed (hape, nearly upright, pellucid, when viewed with a glafs finely ferrated at the edges, fg. i ; the midrib diftinft, and terminating in a fhort point; on the tops of thofe flalks, which are confidered as female, they are expanded like a little ftarand fomewhat broader; in the young fhoots they are narrower and prelfed clofer to the ftalk. PEDUNCLES fpringing from the fummit of the flalks, about two inches in height, bent near the top like a Swans Neck, as Dillenius has properly obferved. CAPSULES oblong, tumid, of a green colour and drooping, y; cut longitudinally through the middle that the Receptaculum may be feen, fig. g; the Calyptra long, pointed, and foon falling off, fig. 6; the Operculum fhort, of a yellowifh colour, fig. 8; the Mouth of the Capfule ciliated. On examining with a microfcope the tops of thofe ftalks which are called Stellula: Feminea>, fig. 2. and which ate confidered by many as the female parts of the frudeification in this mofs, there appeared, in the centre of the Stellula, a great number of fmall upright bodies, or corpufcles, of two kinds, fig. 3. the one white, pellucid, and jointed; the other of a greener colour, (horter, and of an oblong ovate fhape, vid.fig. 4, 5. They do not appear to me to have any thing in their ftrudfure in the leaft fimilar to any of the parts of frudlification in plants; what their real ftrudlure and ufes are, may perhaps be difeovered by future obfervations. This fpecies occurs not unfrequently on moift banks in woods, as in Charlton-Wood, and the woods about Hampfiead, producing its fructifications in February and March. As the Capitula Pulverulenta of Dillenius, or Spharophylli, as they are called by Necker, are entirely wanting in this mofs, and as the exiftence of thofe lingular little heads feems very obvioufly to diftinguifh the genus Mnium, I have chofen rather to arrange it with Dillenius and Hudson among the Bryums, than with Linn a:us among the Mniums ; for if we make Mniums of all the Moffes which have Stellula, we (hall involve ourfelves in confiderable difficulties. Many of thofe Stellula are indeed very obvious, as in the prefent one; but in others they are very obfeure, fo that it is difficult to fay whether they exift in them or not; but if they were obvioufly to be diftinguiffied, there is not the leaft likenefs between a Stellula and Spharophyllum: why then unite in one genus plants which have fuch very different appearances ? Would it not be better to confider the Moffes which produce Spharophylli or little balls as Mniums, according to Dillenius, and divide the Bryums, if neceffary, into two families, viz. fuch as have obvious Stellula, and fuch as have none f The name of Rough Bryum, which Mr. Hudson feems to have given to this Mofs for brevity’s fake, conveys an idea with which this Bryum does not feern perfedfly to correfpond, it having no roughnefs except at the edges of the leaves, which are minutely ferrated: I have therefore adopted Dillenius’s name of Swans-Neck Bryum, as being juftifiable from the Angular fhape of the Peduncles, and being more likely to be remembered from its ftriking analogy. Hypnum Proliferum. Proliferous Hypnum. PIYPNUM Linnxi Gen. Pl. Cryptogamia Musci. Raii Syn. Gen. 3. Musci. HYPNUM proliferum furculis proliferis, plano-pinnatis, pedunculis aggregatis. Linnxi Sy/t. Veg> p. 800. HYPNUM ramis teretibus pinnatis, pinnulis pinnatis, foliis adpreffls. Haller. Hifi. 3. p. 33 HYPNUM filicinum, Tamarifci foliis minoribus, non fplendentibus. Dillen. p. 276. icon, 35-fig. !4* PIYPNUM repens filicinum minus, luteo virens. Caial. Gifs. 287. RaiiSynop. p, 86. n.36. Hudfon. FI. Angi. p. 422. Weis Cryptogam, p. 230. CAULES palmares ad dodrantales, repentes, hinc inde radiculas fufeas exferentes, faepe vero adeo intricate connexi ut humi ferpere ne- queant, foliis ovato-acuminatis, carinatis, mucronatis, fparfe teftis, fig. 1. horum fo- liolorum fuperficies, microfcopio valde au6fa granulofa apparet, fig. 2. RAMI pulchre pinnati, deflexi, virefeentes, ad lu- teum colorem plus minufve accedentes pro ratione fitus aut anni temporis, omni fiplen- dore defiituti, rachis concolor, ad extremita- tem plerumque incraffatus. Ramuli et Pinnul/e foliolis exiliftimis, confertis, nudo oculo vix confpicuis imbricatim tefli; e difeo rami, aut frondis, novus caulis aut Hirculus plerumque exfurgit, unde plantula mire extenditur ac propagatur, et hinc Pro- lifer vocatur. PEDUNCULI fefquiunciales, rubri, plerumque qua- tuor aut quinque, aliquando plures e caule aggregatim affurgunt, et in quibufdam cau- libus, Perichcetia plura aut potius eorum ru- dimenta occurrunt, e quibus pedunculi fe- quente anno probabiliter nafcuntur. Peri- ch.etium, fig. 3. aut bafis pedunculi, ova- tum, foliolis tenuibus pilo longo flexuofo terminatis veftitum. Capsul.e five An- ther fig. 4. quae femen aut pollinem continent, incurvatas, ex fufeo aurantiacae. Operculum, fig. 6. (quod collo capfulae infigitur, et femine maturescente decidit) breve, et acuminatum. Orificium Capfulae duplici ferie Ciliarum inftruitur, fig. 8, 9. CiLiiE exteriores, fig. 8. aurantiacae, diver- gentes, apicibus aliquando paululum inflexis, et cum aridae fint fragiles ; interiores, fig. 9. convergentes, membrana reticulata connexae, ad quam videndam microfcopio opus eft. Pollen five Semen viride. Calyptra, fig. 5. qua anthera cum fuo Operculo partirn tegitur et quae primum decidit albida cft. STALKS from three to nine inches in length, creep- ing on the ground, and here and there fend- ing forth fmall brown fibres, but very often fo intricately connefted together as to be hindered from creeping, thinly covered with leaves of an oval pointed lhape, having a ftrong midrib, which runs out to a fine point, fig. i. when greatly magnified, the furface of thefe leaves exhibits a granulated ap- pearance, fig. 2. BRANCHES beautifully pinnated, and bending down- ward, of a green colour, more or lefs inclined to yellow, according to its place of growth, and the feafon of the year, without any glofis ; the midrib of the fame colour with the leaves, and generally thicker at its extremity; the fmall leaves laying one over another, and fcarce difcernible to the naked eye. From the middle of the branch or Frons moft com- monly arifes a new ftalk, or furculus, by which means this plant is fingularly extended and propagated, and from this circurafiance it acquires the name of Proliferous. PEDUNCLES about an inch and a half in length, of a bright red colour, generally about four or five, fometimes more, fpring from the ftalk nearly together; in fome of the ftalks there is the appearance of feveral Perixhoetia, without peduncles, which probably arife from them the next year. The fig. 3. which is the bafe of the peduncle, is of an oval (hape, and covered with fmall leaves which terminate in a long flexible point. The Capsules or Anthers containing the pollen or feed, fig. 4. are incurvated, and of a brown orange colour. The Operculum, fig. 6. (which fits on to the top of the Capfule, and when the feed contained wfithin it is ripe, falls oft) is ftiort and pointed ; the mouth of the Capfule has two rows of Cilice, fig, 8, 9. the exterior row, fig. 8. orange coloured and diverging, the tops of them fometimes bending a little inward, and brittle when dry, the interior row, fig. g. converging, of a membranous texture, and when very much magnified, appearing reticulated. The Pollen or Seed contained within the Cap- fules is green. The Calyptra, fig. 5. which partly covers the anthera and operculum, and firft drops off, is of a white colour. There is fcarcely a wood in the environs of this city, on the borders of which this elegant fpecies of Mofs doth not occur. It produceth its fruftifications from December to February ; in this (late, however, it is but feldom met with, yet maybe found by diligent fearching. Linnaeus, in one of his journies through Sweden, obferved this Mofs growing in the thickeft woods, obfcured with perpetual (hade, and where all other plants perifhed. Moft of the writers, who have made this clafs of plants more particularly the objeci of their inquiries, have generally made two diftin6l Genera of the Hypnum and Bryum, yet fo great is the affinity betwixt them, and fo much do they run into one another, that what fome of thefe authors call a Bryum, others denominate a Hypnum ; indeed this divifion feems adopted more to facilitate the invefligation of the plants of this numerous family, than from any real natural divifion which takes place between them. The difference between fome of the Hypnums and fome of the Bryums is obvious to almoft every one, but to afcertain the limits where the one begins and the other terminates, feems a talk too difficult for the moft accurate Botanift. The principal charatleriftics of a Bryum, according to Linnaeus, are, that the peduncle which fuflains the Anthera or Capfule, grows out of the top of-the furculus or ftalk, and is furnifhed at its bafe with a little naked tubercle or bulb ; in the Hypnum, on the contrary, the peduncle grows out of the fide of the flalk, and the tubercle at its bafe is covered with leaves and called a Perichsetium. 'jfy/nnnn Iroljferum .